ÿWPCu …#†VUFÜ %" 07(_O~4Íá 0Jð 0T: 0^Ž 0hì 0rT 0|Æ 0†B 0È 1uX U,Í 0dù U,] U6‰ B)¿ DCè AM+U*x¢‡¾ BE 0Ubv~·vÓ5 D3 0@; AO{ÆÊ 0U 0Då D/) BX˜IBM Laser Printer 4019IBM4019ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0h×P ß-" —1v ¢P<¾½Q 9Z ‹.Courier New RegularX&âõ$¡Ñ€²Ñ Ö€ÿÿÖ EÝ ƒ&¦)ÝÝ  Ýà@°°*ìàÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚU_A Ô3Ø'°°3|x2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d7Border 1dd€- Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€"ÔÔ€"ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€"XÔÌÌò òFebruary€26,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€"ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó }Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ&)ÝÝ  Ýà@ àÚ  ÚÚ  Ú d(-3¦$©©Ý ƒâõ!ÝÑ€²ÑÝ  ÝPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA: T Monaco ÒÒ  BA: T Monaco Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(-3¦$¢¢Ý ƒâõ!ÝÑ€²ÑÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€X„d&ÓÑ#€Xd#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÒ Ü ÒÒ ° ÒÙ€€ÙÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑßL€!# ;+'h|` Å `€€LßÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€IN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OFÏTENNESSEE€ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌTANISHA€LYNETTE€RODDY€and€€€€:€€€€KNOX€CIRCUIT€ÌJANET€L.€RODDY€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:€€€€CA€No.€03A01„9506„CV„00194Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:Ì€€€€€Plaintiffs„Appellants€€€:Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:Ìvs.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:€€€€HON.€WHEELER€ROSENBALMÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:€€€€JUDGE€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:ÌVOLUNTEER€MEDICAL€CLINIC,€€€€:ÌINC.,€and€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:ÌEDGAR€PERRY,€M.D.€€€€€€€€€€€€:Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:Ì€€€€€Defendants„Appellees€€€€:€€€€AFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌR.€D.€HASH,€OF€MARYVILLE,€TENNESSEE,€FOR€APPELLANTSÌÌJOHN€K.€HARBER,€WITH€PRYOR,€FLYNN,€PRIEST€&€HARBER,€OFÏKNOXVILLE,€TENNESSEE,€FOR€APPELLEE€VOLUNTEER€MEDICAL€CLINIC,ÏINC.ÌÌEDWARD€G.€WHITE,€II,€and€WAYNE€A.€KLINE,€OF€KNOXVILLE,ÏTENNESSEE,€FOR€APPELLEE€DR.€EDGAR€PERRYÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€O€P€I€N€I€O€NÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Sanders,€Sr.J.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àThe€Plaintiffs€have€appealed€from€a€summary€judgmentÏfor€the€Defendants€in€Plaintiffs'€suit€alleging€medicalÏmalpractice€by€the€Defendants.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€theÏÖ€$Ötrial€court.Ìà àà àThe€genesis€of€this€suit€began€during€early€spring,Ï1990,€when€Plaintiff€Tanisha€Roddy€became€sexually€active€andÏhad€an€ongoing€relationship€with€a€young€man€through€July,€1990.€ÏIn€late€July,€1990,€Miss€Roddy€spent€two€weeks€visiting€€herÏaunt,€Rita€Hill,€in€New€York€City.€€While€there,€she€soughtÏmedical€treatment€for€a€vaginal€infection€from€her€aunt's€OB\GYNÏphysician.€€At€the€same€time,€she€requested€a€pregnancy€test,Ïwhich€confirmed€her€belief€she€was€pregnant.€€Miss€RoddyÏproceeded€to€call€the€man€in€Tennessee€with€whom€she€had€beenÏsexually€active.€€When€assistance€from€him€was€not€forthcoming,Ïshe€called€her€aunt,€Kathy€Bounds,€in€Knoxville.€€Tanisha€wasÏaware€her€Aunt€Kathy€had€previously€had€an€abortion.€€TheyÏdiscussed€Miss€Roddy's€pregnancy€and€her€options.€€Tanisha€didÏnot€want€her€mother€to€become€aware€of€her€pregnancy€and€AuntÏKathy€agreed€to€help€Tanisha€when€she€returned€to€Knoxville.ÌÌà àà àMiss€Roddy€returned€to€her€home€in€Clinton,€Tennessee,Ïon€July€31,€1990.€€In€accordance€with€prearranged€plans€betweenÏher€and€Aunt€Kathy,€Miss€Roddy€requested€her€mother's€permissionÏto€stay€with€her€Aunt€Kathy€in€Knoxville€for€several€days,€andÏpermission€was€granted.€€Miss€Roddy€determined€she€definitelyÏdid€not€want€to€have€the€baby€and€made€the€decision€to€obtain€anÏabortion.ÌÌà àà àOn€August€2,€Tanisha€and€her€aunt's€roommate€went€toÏDefendant„Appellee€Volunteer€Medical€Clinic,€Inc.€(the€Clinic)Ïfor€the€purpose€of€Tanisha's€obtaining€an€abortion.€€This€wasÏapproximately€a€month€before€Tanisha's€16th€birthday.€€AtÏVolunteer€Medical€Clinic,€she€was€counselled€and€she€read€andÏsigned€several€forms.€€She€gave€her€Aunt€Kathy's€KnoxvilleÏaddress€and€telephone€number€as€her€own€home€address€and€numberÏ"because€she€did€not€want€anyone€to€contact€her€family"€besidesÏAunt€Kathy€or€herself.€€One€of€the€forms€she€signed€was€aÏ"Consent€to€Abortion"€which€granted€consent€to€a€Dr.€Manning€andÏwhomever€he€might€designate€to€assist€him€to€perform€anÏaspiration€abortion€under€paracervical€block€anesthesiaÏencompassing€evacuation€of€the€contents€of€the€uterus.€€The€in„take€person€at€the€Clinic€counselled€Miss€Roddy,€who€read€andÏsigned€the€consent€form.€€Aunt€Kathy's€roommate€stayed€with€MissÏRoddy€through€this€process,€until€a€nurse€took€Miss€Roddy€to€anÍexamining€room€to€perform€an€ultrasound.€€After€the€ultrasoundÏwas€performed,€the€nurse€told€Miss€Roddy€she€was€14€to€16€weeksÏpregnant€(subsequent€hospital€records€indicate€she€was€14.5Ïweeks€pregnant).€€Dr.€Manning€did€not€do€the€abortion€that€dayÏand€he€was€leaving€town€that€night.€€Consequently,€Miss€RoddyÏwas€told€to€return€the€following€day€to€have€the€abortionÏperformed€by€another€doctor.ÌÌà àà àMiss€Roddy,€along€with€Aunt€Kathy€and€her€roommate,Ïreturned€to€the€Clinic€the€following€day,€August€3.€€TanishaÏagain€went€through€the€same€counseling€sessions,€read€and€signedÏthe€same€forms€including€a€new€"Consent€to€Abortion"€form€forÏDr.€Perry€to€perform€the€abortion.€€The€abortion€was€performedÏby€Defendant,€Dr.€Edgar€Perry.€€A€problem€developed€in€theÏcourse€of€the€abortion.€€Although€Dr.€Perry€had€cautionedÏTanisha€to€lie€perfectly€still€during€the€abortion€procedure,€atÏthe€point€when€the€procedure€was€about€80%€complete€Tanisha€madeÏa€sudden€movement€of€her€body,€causing€the€instrument€which€Dr.ÏPerry€was€using€inside€the€uterus€to€perforate€the€wall€of€theÏuterus.€€Dr.€Perry€described€the€incident€as€follows:€€"AboutÏthat€time€Tanisha€makes€a€sudden€move,€and€it€felt€to€me€likeÏthis€thing€went€through€the€wall,€it€was€just€like€a€feeling€IÏhad,€a€feeling,€€And€I€took€the€suction€off,€and€I€took€it€out,Ïand€I€said€I€think€we€just€perforated."€€Dr.€Perry€terminatedÍthe€suction€procedure€and€tried€using€forceps€to€remove€theÏremaining€portion€of€the€fetus.€€This€was€not€successful,Ïhowever,€and€Tanisha€was€transported€to€nearby€Fort€SandersÏHospital.€€There,€Dr.€Morris€Campbell€repaired€the€perforationÏin€the€uterus€and€successfully€completed€the€abortion.€€MissÏRoddy€was€discharged€from€the€hospital€on€the€second€day.€€SheÏhad€only€one€follow„up€visit€with€Dr.€Campbell€after€herÏdischarge€from€the€hospital€and€has€had€no€other€medicalÏtreatment€relating€to€the€abortion.€€Dr.€Campbell,€in€hisÏaffidavit,€asserted,€"To€the€best€of€my€professional€knowledge,ÏTanisha€Roddy€has€suffered€no€permanent€ill€effects€as€a€resultÏof€these€events."€€Miss€Roddy€has€continued€to€be€sexuallyÏactive€since€the€abortion.ÌÌà àà àOn€August€2,€1991,€the€Plaintiffs€filed€suit€againstÏDefendants€Volunteer€Medical€Clinic,€Inc.,€and€Dr.€Perry,Ïalleging€medical€negligence€as€well€as€the€violation€ofÏTenn.Code€Ann.€ðððð€37„10„301,€et€seq.,€the€Tennessee€ParentalÏConsent€for€Abortions€by€Minors€Act.€€This€act€has€been€found€toÏbe€unconstitutional.€€Later€that€month€the€PlaintiffsÏvoluntarily€dismissed€their€suit€against€the€Defendants€withoutÏprejudice.ÌÌà àà àIn€April,€1992,€the€Plaintiffs€refiled€their€claimÏagainst€the€Defendants,€alleging€medical€negligence,€outrageousÏconduct€and€intentional€infliction€of€emotional€distress,€asÏwell€as€violations€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ìðððð€47„18„101,€et€seq.,€the€Tennessee€Consumer€Protection€Act,Ïand€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„15„202,€et€seq.,€the€criminal€statutoryÏscheme€applicable€to€abortion€services.€€Plaintiffs€claimed€theyÏsuffered€severe€pain,€mental€anguish,€psychological€injury€andÏdamages,€for€which€they€sought€$1,000,000€in€compensatoryÏdamages,€and€€$10,000,000€in€punitive€damages,€and€requestedÏthat€the€actual€damages€be€trebled€in€accordance€with€theÏTennessee€Consumer€Protection€Act.ÌÌà àà àThe€Defendants€filed€a€motion€to€dismiss€or,€in€theÏalternative,€a€motion€for€summary€judgment€pursuant€to€Rules€12Ïand€56,€TRCP.€€They€insisted€the€court€should€dismiss€theÏextraneous€allegations€in€paragraphs€14€through€17€and€20Ïthrough€22€in€Plaintiffs'€complaint,€and€filed€a€memorandum€ofÏlaw€in€support€of€their€motion.ÌÌà àà àThe€court,€upon€the€hearing€of€Defendants'€motion,Ïentered€an€order€in€which€he€held€the€Tennessee€ConsumerÏProtection€Act,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„18„101,€et€seq.,€wasÏinapplicable€to€the€provision€of€professional€health€careÍservices;€Plaintiffs'€claims€for€"severe€pain€and€mentalÏanguish"€and€"psychological€injury€and€damage€as€a€direct€andÏproximate€result€of€the€Defendants'€negligence"€failed€to€stateÏa€claim€upon€which€relief€could€be€granted;€the€complaint€failedÏto€state€a€cause€of€action€for€outrageous€conduct€or€intentionalÏinfliction€of€emotional€distress;€and€the€Plaintiffs'€claims€forÏdamages€for€violations€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„15„201,€et€seq.,Ïwere€not€valid€because€no€private€civil€right€of€actions€existedÏfor€any€such€alleged€violations.€€Moreover,€the€court€held€thatÏany€alleged€violation€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„15„201,€et€seq.,Ïdid€not,€and€could€not,€constitute€negligence€per€se.€€HeÏfurther€held€that€the€provisions€of€the€Medical€MalpracticeÏReview€Board€and€Claims€Act€of€1975,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29„26„101,€et€seq.,€afforded€all€the€necessary€protection€sought€byÏthe€Plaintiffs€in€this€cause€of€action,€and€dismissedÏPlaintiffs'€claims€as€to€those€issues.€€The€action€of€the€courtÏin€dismissing€these€portions€of€the€Plaintiffs'€complaint€wereÏnot€appealed€from€and€are€final.ÌÌà àà àAfter€the€order€was€entered€dismissing€the€extraneousÏallegations€in€the€complaint,€both€Defendants€filed€answers€toÏthe€remaining€issues€in€the€complaint.€€Dr.€Perry,€for€answer,Ïas€pertinent,€admitted€that€on€August€3,€1990,€Tanisha€RoddyÏwent€to€the€Volunteer€Medical€Clinic,€Inc.,€for€the€purpose€ofÍterminating€her€pregnancy.€€She€signed€a€"Consent€to€Abortion"Ïconsenting€for€him,€Dr.€Perry,€to€perform€an€"aspirationÏabortion€under€paracervical€block€anesthesia"€encompassingÏ"evacuation€of€the€contents€of€the€uterus."€€He€admitted€aÏuterine€perforation€anterior€to€the€cervical€canal€occurredÏduring€the€surgical€procedure.€€Miss€Roddy€was€transferred€toÏFort€Sanders€Hospital€where€Dr.€Morris€Campbell€closed€theÏuterine€perforation€and€successfully€completed€the€abortion.€€HeÏdenied€his€conduct€and€actions€deviated€from€the€standard€ofÏcare€applicable€to€similar€members€of€his€profession.€€He€deniedÏhe€carelessly,€negligently,€and€unskillfully€operated€on€TanishaÏRoddy.€€Dr.€Perry€joined€issue€on€all€remaining€issues€in€theÏcomplaint€and€denied€he€was€liable€to€either€of€the€PlaintiffsÏin€any€amount.ÌÌà àà àVolunteer€Medical€Clinic,€Inc.,€for€answer€to€theÏremaining€issues€in€the€complaint,€admitted€Tanisha€Roddy€cameÏto€the€Clinic€on€August€2,€1990,€and€again€on€August€3€for€theÏpurpose€of€having€her€pregnancy€terminated.€€It€said€thatÏthrough€certain€medical€tests€and€procedures€it€was€determinedÏMiss€Roddy€was€pregnant€and€she€was€advised€she€had€entered€theÏsecond€trimester€of€her€pregnancy.€€It€denied€that€any€care,Ïevaluation€or€treatment€received€by€Miss€Roddy€was€negligentlyÏrendered.€€All€averments€of€the€complaint€charging€the€ClinicÍwith€negligence€or€medical€malpractice€were€denied.€€The€ClinicÏjoined€issue€on€all€the€remaining€issues€in€the€complaint€andÏdenied€it€was€liable€to€either€of€the€Plaintiffs€in€any€amount.ÌÌà àà àAfter€completing€discovery€depositions,€Dr.€Perry€andÏVolunteer€Medical€Clinic€each€filed€a€motion€for€summaryÏjudgment€pursuant€to€Rule€56,€TRCP.€€They€each€alleged€in€theirÏmotions€they€had€performed€all€care€of€the€Plaintiff€inÏconformance€with€the€recognized€standards€of€acceptableÏprofessional€practice€of€their€profession€or€business€inÏKnoxville€or€similar€communities.€€As€a€result,€there€is€noÏgenuine€issue€as€to€any€material€fact,€and€Defendants€areÏentitled€to€a€judgment€as€a€matter€of€law.ÌÌà àà àIn€support€of€his€motion,€Dr.€Perry€filed€theÏaffidavits€of€himself€and€Dr.€Morris€Campbell.€€He€also€reliedÏupon€the€depositions€of€the€parties€and€the€pleadings€in€theÏcause.ÌÌà àà àIn€support€of€its€motion,€Volunteer€Clinic€relied€onÏthe€affidavits€of€Lisa€G.€Thomas€and€Deborah€J.€Walsh,€and€alsoÏon€the€depositions€of€the€parties€and€the€pleadings€filed€in€theÏproceedings.ÌÌà àà àThe€Plaintiffs,€in€response€to€the€motions,€filed€theÏaffidavit€of€Dr.€William€M.€Holls,€III,€in€response€to€bothÏmotions€and€the€affidavit€of€Carol€Everett€in€response€to€theÏmotion€of€Volunteer€Clinic.ÌÌà àà àUpon€the€hearing€on€the€motions,€the€court€sustainedÏboth€the€motions€for€summary€judgment,€and€dismissed€theÏcomplaint.ÌÌà àà àThe€Plaintiffs€have€appealed,€saying€the€court€was€inÏerror€in€dismissing€the€complaint.€€We€cannot€agree,€and€sustainÏthe€trial€court€for€the€reasons€hereinafter€stated.€€The€gist€ofÏPlaintiffs'€appeal€is€that€Miss€Roddy€did€not€have€the€capacityÏto€consent€to€the€abortion€procedure€and,€even€if€she€didÏpossess€the€capacity€to€consent€to€the€abortion€procedure,€sheÏdid€not€give€"informed"€consent.€€ÌÌà àà àDetermining€whether€Defendants€failed€to€obtainÏinformed€consent€from€Miss€Roddy€is€dependent€upon€the€standardÏof€care€of€the€profession€or€specialty.€€If€informed€consent€isÏnot€effectively€obtained,€the€Defendants'€departure€from€theÏstandard€of€care€is€not€negligence,€but€battery,€because€theÏdoctrine€of€battery€is€applicable€to€cases€involving€treatmentÏperformed€without€informed€or€knowledgeable€consent.€ÍMalpractice€is€based€on€the€lack€of€care€or€skill€in€theÏperformance€of€services€contracted€for,€and€battery€isÏpredicated€on€wrongful€trespass€on€the€person€regardless€of€theÏskill€employed.€€The€assertion€of€one€is€the€denial€of€theÏother.€€ò òCardwell€v.€Bechtoló ó,€724€S.W.2d€739€(Tenn.1987).€Ïò òCardwelló ó€is€the€landmark€case€in€this€jurisdiction,€holdingÏthat€mature€minors€have€the€capacity€to€consent€in€medicalÏmalpractice€cases.€€As€pertinent,€the€court€said:ÌÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÓÓRecognition€that€minors€achieve€varying€degrees€ofÏmaturity€and€responsibility€(capacity)€has€been€partÏof€the€common€law€for€well€over€a€century.€€See,Ïe.g.,€ò òThe€Queen€v.€Smithó ó,€1€Cox€C.C.€260€(1845);Ï42€Am.Jur.2d,€Infants,€ðððð€9,€45,€142.€€The€rule€ofÏcapacity€has€sometimes€been€known€as€the€Rules€ofÏSevens:€under€the€age€of€seven,€no€capacity;€betweenÏseven€and€fourteen,€a€rebuttable€presumption€of€noÏcapacity;€òòbetween€fourteen€and€twenty„one,€aÏrebuttable€presumption€of€capacityóó.€(Emphasis€ours.)ÌÌÒ Ü ÒÒ ½ ÒÓÓAt€the€time€Miss€Roddy€signed€the€consent€to€abortionÏdocument,€she€was€just€one€month€from€her€16th€birthday€andÏAppellants€failed€to€rebut€the€presumption€of€capacity.ÌÌà àà àA€more€compelling€reason,€however,€why€we€mustÏaffirm€the€trial€court€on€this€issue€is€that€there€is€noÏallegation€or€issue€or€relief€sought€in€the€pleadings€asÏthey€now€stand€after€the€order€of€the€trial€court€sustain„Ïing€the€motion€of€the€Defendants€to€dismiss€variousÏallegations€in€Plaintiffs'€complaint.ÌÌà àà àThe€only€time,€in€their€complaint,€that€theÏDefendants€challenged€adequate€consent€by€Plaintiffs€is€inÏparagraph€15€of€the€complaint€in€which€they€alleged€theÏDefendants€failed€to€comply€with€T.C.A.Ìðð€39„15„202(a)(b)(1„6).€€They€alleged€the€failure€of€theÏDefendants€to€comply€with€the€statute€voided€any€consentÏgiven€by€Miss€Roddy,€and€this€action€and€inactionÏconstituted€a€battery€upon€the€person€of€Miss€Roddy.ÌÌà àà àThe€Defendants,€in€their€motion€to€dismiss,€asÏpertinent,€said:€€"That€the€allegations€of€paragraph€15€ofÏthe€complaint€are€based€upon€Tenn.€Code€AnnÌðð€39„15„202(b)(1)„(6).€€(A)€This€statute€isÏunconstitutional€under€the€United€States€ConstitutionÏbecause€it€infringes€unreasonably€upon€the€right€of€€€€€€€Ïprivacy€grounded€in€the€Constitution's€guarantees€ofÏpersonal€liberty,€which€include€a€woman's€right€toÏterminate€her€pregnancy.€Ìò òAkron€v.€Akron€Center€for€Reproductive€Healthó ó,€462ÏU.S.€416,€103€S.Ct.€2481,€2501,€76€L.Ed.2d€687,€712Ï(1983)...."ÌÌÒ Ü ÒÒ ' Òà àà àIn€sustaining€the€Defendants'€motion,€the€courtÏheld,€in€its€order€of€May€3,€1993,€as€follows:€€"No€privateÍcivil€right€of€action€exists€for€alleged€violations€of€T.C.A.Ïðð€39„15„201,€et€seq.€€Accordingly,€€the€€€€defendants'€MotionÏto€Dismiss€those€allegations€of€the€plaintiffs'€ComplaintÏshall€be€sustained."ÌÌà àà àThe€Plaintiffs€never€amended€their€complaint€toÏallege€failure€of€consent,€nor€is€the€issue€of€the€court'sÏsustaining€Defendants'€motion€an€issue€on€this€appeal.€€InÏthe€case€of€ò òFidelity„Phenix€Fire€Ins.€Co.€ofó ó€ò òNew€YorkÏv.€Jackson,€et€al.ó ó,€181€Tenn.€453,€181€S.W.2d€625,€629Ï(1944)€our€supreme€court,€in€addressing€the€requirement€thatÏthe€pleadings€set€forth€the€relief€sought,€said:ÌÒ 4 ÒÒ ` ÒÓÓNo€rule€is€better€settled€than€that€bothÏallegations€and€proof€are€essential€to€a€decreeÏor€judgment€and€that€there€can€be€no€validÏdecree€unless€the€matter€on€which€the€decree€isÏrested€is€plainly€within€the€scope€of€theÏpleadings.ÌÌÌÌÌÒ Ü ÒÒ ` ÒThe€court€also€quoted€with€approval:ÌÌÒ 4 ÒÒ ` Ò"In€order€to€give€a€judgment€the€merit€andÏfinality€of€an€adjudication€between€the€parties,Ïit€must€be€responsive€not€only€to€the€proof€butÏto€the€issues€tendered€by€the€pleadings,€becauseÏpleadings€are€the€very€foundation€of€judgmentsÏand€decrees.€€A€judgment€will€be€void€which€is€aÏdeparture€from€the€pleadings,€and€based€upon€aÏcase€not€averred€therein,€since€if€allowed€toÏstand€it€would€be€altogether€arbitrary€andÏunjust€and€conclude€a€point€upon€which€theÏparties€had€not€been€heard....Therefore,€theÍrule€is€firmly€established€that€irrespective€ofÏwhat€may€beÌproved€a€court€cannot€decree€to€any€plaintiffÏmore€than€he€claims€in€his€bill€or€otherÏpleadings."Ì€Ò Ü ÒÒ  ÒòòÒ Ü ÒÒ ° ÒÓÓIdóó.€629.€€òòAlsoóó€òòseeóó€ò òJohn€J.€Heirigs€Const.€Co.€v.€Exide,ó óÏò òet€al.ó ó,€709€S.W.2d€604€(Tenn.App.1986).ÌÌà àà àThis€brings€us€to€the€question€of€whether€or€not€theÏcourt€was€in€error€in€granting€summary€judgment€on€the€issue€ofÏmedical€malpractice.€€It€is€undisputed€in€the€record€that€Dr.ÏPerry€was€not€an€employee€or€agent€for€Volunteer€Medical€Clinic,Ïnor€is€there€any€proof€in€the€record€the€Clinic€did€anything€orÏfailed€to€do€anything€which€contributed€to€the€injuries€TanishaÏRoddy€may€have€received€resulting€from€the€abortion.€€TheÏcontentions€of€the€Plaintiffs€and€the€affidavits€filed€by€themÏin€response€to€the€motion€for€summary€judgment€by€the€ClinicÏrelate€exclusively€to€the€issue€of€consent€and€informed€consent.ÌÌà àà àThe€affidavit€filed€by€Dr.€Perry€as€to€his€care€andÏtreatment€and€the€affidavit€filed€by€Dr.€Morris€Campbell€wereÏpractically€identical.€€In€Dr.€Campbell's€affidavit,€asÏpertinent,€he€said:€€"Based€upon€my€review€as€well€as€upon€myÏprofessional€training€and€experience,€it€is€my€professionalÏopinion,€within€a€reasonable€degree€of€medical€certainty,€thatÏDr.€Perry's€care€and€treatment€of€Tanisha€Roddy€was€at€all€timesÏand€in€all€respects€performed€in€conformance€with€the€recognizedÍstandards€of€acceptable€professional€practice€applicable€toÏphysicians€practicing€in€Knoxville,€Tennessee,€or€similarÏcommunities€under€the€same€or€similar€circumstances.€€It€is€myÏprofessional€opinion,€with€a€reasonable€degree€of€medicalÏcertainty,€that€Dr.€Perry's€care€and€treatment€of€Tanisha€RoddyÏdid€not€deviate€from€the€recognized€standards€of€acceptableÏprofessional€practice€at€any€time€in€any€respect€whatsoever,€andÏthat€the€uterine€perforation€complication€that€led€to€Ms.ÏRoddy's€August€3,€1990,€admission€to€Fort€Sanders€RegionalÏMedical€Center€can€and€does€occur€despite€the€exercise€of€skillÏand€care€and€the€best€medical€efforts€on€the€part€of€attendingÏmedical€personnel€such€as€Dr.€Perry.€€The€complication€wasÏrecognized,€confirmed€and€appropriately€handled.€€To€the€best€ofÏmy€professional€knowledge,€Tanisha€Roddy€has€suffered€noÏpermanent€ill€effects€as€a€result€of€these€events."€€TheÏaffidavit€filed€by€Dr.€Perry€is€to€the€same€effect.ÌÌà àà àThe€Plaintiffs,€in€response€to€Defendants'€motion€forÏsummary€judgment,€filed€the€affidavit€of€Dr.€William€M.€Holls,ÏIII,€in€opposition€to€the€motions€of€both€Dr.€Perry€andÏVolunteer€Clinic.€€Dr.€Holls's€affidavit€states€he€is€boardÏcertified€in€obstetrics€and€gynecology€and€is€familiar€with€theÏstandards€of€acceptable€professional€practice€applicable€toÏphysicians'€performing€pregnancy€termination€surgery€in€theÍKnoxville€area.€€He€fails€to€state,€however,€that€he€is€familiarÏwith€the€standard€of€care€that€should€be€performed€by€ambulatoryÏhealth€clinics€in€Knoxville€or€similar€communities.€€The€bulk€ofÏhis€affidavit€relates€to€his€dissatisfaction€with€the€consent€ofÏTanisha€Roddy€and€failure€to€notify€her€mother,€Janet€Roddy,€ofÏthe€abortion.€€As€pertinent,€his€affidavit€states:€€"Based€uponÏmy€review€as€well€as€upon€my€professional€training€andÏexperience,€it€is€my€professional€opinion,€within€a€reasonableÏdegree€of€medical€certainty,€the€care€and€treatment€of€TanishaÏRoddy€delivered€by€Dr.€Edgar€Perry€was€not€in€conformance€withÏthe€recognized€standards€of€acceptable€professional€practiceÏapplicable€to€physicians€practicing€in€Knoxville,€Tennessee,€orÏsimilar€communities€under€the€same€or€similar€circumstances.Ï....€€Additionally,€it€is€my€professional€opinion€that€Dr.€EdgarÏPerry€deviated€from€the€recognized€standards€of€acceptableÏprofessional€practice€by€failing€to€terminate€this€procedureÏimmediately€upon€suspecting€that€he€had€perforated€the€anteriorÏwall€of€Tanisha€Roddy's€uterus,€given€the€less€than€optimalÏcircumstances€under€which€Dr.€Perry€was€proceeding€and€thatÏVolunteer€Medical€Clinic€deviated€from€recognized€standards€ofÏambulatory€health€care€institutions€by€failing€to€immediatelyÏterminate€all€procedures€being€performed€on€Tanisha€Roddy€whenÏDr.€Edgar€Perry€announced€that€he€thought€he€had€perforated€theÏanterior€wall€of€Tanisha€Roddy's€uterus."€ÌÌà àà àWe€find€the€affidavit€fails€to€meet€the€requirementsÏof€T.C.A.€ðð€29„26„115€for€the€purpose€of€establishing€medicalÏmalpractice€for€three€reasons.€€Insofar€as€Volunteer€Clinic€isÏconcerned,€there€is€no€showing€Dr.€Holls€has€any€knowledge€ofÏthe€standard€of€care€required€of€an€ambulatory€health€clinic€inÏKnoxville€or€any€other€community.€€His€affidavit€presupposes€theÏclinic€had€authority€to€require€Dr.€Perry€to€terminate€allÏprocedures€being€performed€by€him€but€the€undisputed€proof€showsÏthe€Clinic€had€no€control€over€Dr.€Perry.€€Also,€T.C.A.€ðð€29„26„115(a)(3)€provides€the€claimant€shall€prove€"as€a€proximateÏresult€of€the€defendant's€negligent€act€or€omission,€theÏplaintiff€suffered€injuries€which€would€not€otherwise€haveÏoccurred."€€The€Plaintiffs€here€have€the€burden€of€proving€byÏexpert€testimony€(1)€the€standard€of€care,€(2)€that€theÏDefendants€deviated€from€that€standard,€and€(3)€that€as€aÏproximate€result€of€the€Defendants'€negligent€act€or€omission,Ïthe€Plaintiffs€have€suffered€injuries€which€would€not€otherwiseÏhave€occurred.€€ò òDolan€v.€Cunninghamó ó,€648€S.W.2d€652Ï(Tenn.App.1982);€ò òParker€v.€Vanderbilt€Univ.ó ó,€767€S.W.2d€412Ï(Tenn.App.1988);€ò òHurst€v.€Doughertyó ó,€800€S.W.2d€183Ï(Tenn.App.1990).€€The€law€presumes€a€medical€practitioner€hasÏdischarged€his€full€duty€to€a€patient€and€will€not€presumeÏnegligence€from€the€fact€that€the€treatment€was€unsuccessful.€Íò òWatkins€v.€United€Statesó ó,€482€F.Supp.€1006€(M.D.Tenn.1980);Ïò òWard€v.€United€Statesó ó,€838€F.2d€182€(6th€Cir.1988).€€NowhereÏin€Dr.€Holls's€affidavit€does€he€declare€any€specific€factsÏshowing€there€is€a€genuine€issue€of€material€fact€for€trial.€ÏThe€testimony€of€a€physician€as€to€what€he€would€do€or€hisÏopinion€of€what€should€have€been€done€does€not€prove€theÏstatutory€standard€of€medical€practice.€€ò òLewis€v.€Hilló ó,€770ÏS.W.2d€751€(Tenn.App.1988).€€Nowhere€did€Dr.€Holls€testify€thatÏas€a€proximate€result€of€the€Defendants'€alleged€negligent€actsÏor€omissions,€the€Plaintiffs€suffered€injuries€which€would€notÏotherwise€have€occurred.€€In€fact,€the€record€before€usÏdemonstrates€the€proximate€cause€of€Miss€Roddy's€difficultiesÏwas€her€sudden€movement€of€her€body€during€the€surgery.ÌÌà àà à"The€issues€which€lie€at€the€heart€of€evaluating€aÏsummary€judgment€motion€are:€€(1)€whether€a€factual€disputeÏexists;€(2)€whether€the€disputed€fact€is€material€to€the€outcomeÏof€the€case;€and€(3)€whether€the€disputed€fact€creates€a€genuineÏissue€for€trial."€ò ò€Byrdó ó€ò òv.€Halló ó,€847€S.W.2d€208,€214Ï(Tenn.1993).€€"The€test€for€a€'genuine€issue'€is€whether€aÏreasonable€jury€could€legitimately€resolve€the€fact€in€favor€ofÏone€side€or€the€other."€€òòId.óó€at€214.€€"When€the€party€seekingÏsummary€judgment€makes€a€properly€supported€motion,€the€burdenÏthen€shifts€to€the€non„moving€party€to€set€forth€specific€facts,Ínot€legal€conclusions,€by€using€affidavits€or€the€discoveryÏmaterials€listed€in€Rule€56.03,€establishing€that€there€areÏindeed€disputed,€material€facts€creating€a€genuine€issue€thatÏneeds€to€be€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact€and€that€a€trial€isÏtherefore€necessary.€€The€non„moving€party€may€not€rely€upon€theÏallegations€or€denials€of€his€pleadings€in€carrying€out€thisÏburden€as€mandated€by€Rule€56.05."€€òòId.óó€at€214.€€PlaintiffsÏfailed€to€meet€this€burden.ÌÌà àà àWe€find€that€Plaintiffs€did€not€rebut€the€presumptionÏthat€Miss€Roddy€was€a€mature€minor€having€the€capacity€toÏconsent,€nor€did€they€allege€lack€of€consent€or€informed€consentÏin€their€complaint€as€modified€by€the€trial€court's€order.€ÏMoreover,€Plaintiffs€furnished€no€testimony€that€as€a€proximateÏresult€of€the€Defendants'€alleged€negligent€act€or€omission,€theÏPlaintiffs€suffered€injuries€which€would€not€otherwise€haveÏoccurred.ÌÌà àà à"When€there€is€no€dispute€over€the€evidenceÏestablishing€the€fact€that€control€the€application€of€rule€ofÏlaw,€summary€judgment€is€an€appropriate€means€of€deciding€thatÏissue."€€ò òByrd€v.€Halló ó,€at€214„15.€€Reviewing€the€evidence€inÏfavor€of€the€non„moving€party,€we€find€the€trial€judge€wasÏcorrect€in€concluding€Plaintiffs€have€failed€to€establish€that€aÍgenuine,€material€factual€dispute€exists€which€necessitatesÏresolution€by€a€trier€of€fact,€and€the€judgment€of€the€trialÏcourt€must€be€affirmed.ÌÌà àà àThe€issues€are€found€in€favor€of€the€Appellees.€€TheÏjudgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed€and€the€cost€of€thisÏappeal€is€taxed€to€the€Appellants.€€The€case€is€remanded€to€theÏtrial€court€for€any€further€necessary€proceedings.ÌÓÓÌÌÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€__________________________Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Clifford€E.€Sanders,€Sr.J.ÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:€ÌÌÌ________________________ÌHouston€M.€Goddard,€P.J.ÌÌÌòòNot€Participating€€€€€€€óóÌHerschel€P.€Franks,€J.