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D/" B5"˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 (ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ CDEF‹GDHIJDKÓ€Wà~| 3|xW((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco++++'ÿÿdxd d< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d////7Border 1dd€-0Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÔ€,ÔÝ  ÝÔ€2ÔÔ€2ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€2XÔÌÌò òApril€24,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€2ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó .Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÔ€,ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€.ÔÔ€.ôÔIn€the€divorce€judgment,€Akhdaryððs€former€wife€was€restored€to€the€useÏof€her€maiden€name.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÔ€,ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€.ÔÔ€.ôÔApparently,€Egypt€is€Akhdaryððs€native€country.Ì >Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÔ€,ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€.ÔÔ€.ôÔThe€Supreme€Court,€in€ò òòòFoster€v.€Amcon›€International,€Incóó.ó ó,€621ÏœS.W.2d›€142,€145€(Tenn.€1981),€defined€œð ðabuse›€of€œdiscretionðð›€as€follows:Ìà àà8 àÌà àà8 àThe€term€has€too€often€implied€intentional€wrong,€badÏfaith€or€misconduct€on€the€part€of€a€trial€judge.€€InÏour€view,€"abuse€of€discretion"€was€never€intended€toÏcarry€such€a€meaning,€nor€to€reflect€upon€the€trialÏjudge€in€any€disparaging€manner.€€To€us€the€phraseÏsimply€meant€an€erroneous€conclusion€or€judgment€onÏthe€part€of€the€trial€judge„„a€conclusion€that€wasÏclearly€against€logic€(or€reason)€and€not€justified.Ì ,Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÔ€,ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€.ÔÔ€.ôÔFollowing€the€entry€of€the€order€appealed€from€in€this€case,€theÏGeneral€Assembly€enacted€Chapter€428€of€the€Public€Acts€of€1995€addressing€aÏnoncustodial€parentððs€ð ðrights€of€visitation.ðð€€Chapter€428€is€now€codified€atÏT.C.A.›€ðð€36„6„301.€€It€was€effective€June€12,€1995.€€The€statute€appears€to€beÏa€codification€of€œthe€common›€law.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA:Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA:Op Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€!ÔÓ&€))X„d&ÓÑ#€))Xd#ÑÔ€,ÔÝ  ÝÑ P ÑÔ€.ÔÑ\R AØ'\Ñ›Ñ7€u6XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  Ñœ›à@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌÌÌÌÙ€€ÙœßL€130;+'h|IA` Å `€€Lß›CHERYL€MAXINE€POLLARD,à àà à)€C/A€NO.Ïœ03A01›„9503„CV„00109Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)€HAMILTONÏCOUNTY€CIRCUIT€COURTÌà àà àPlaintiff„Appellee,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)€HONORABLE€WILLIAM€L.€BROWN,Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)€JUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌANDREW€œFAHEEN›€AKHDARY,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àDefendant„Appellant.)€AFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌÌÌÌÌÌMICHAEL€M.€œRAULSTON›,€Chattanooga,€for€AppellantÌÌE.€BLAKE€MOORE€of€SPEARS,€MOORE,€œREBMAN›€&€WILLIAMS,€Chattanooga,Ïfor€AppelleeÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà@ àòòO€P€I€N€I€O€NóóÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àSusano,€J.ÇÓÓà àà àIn€this€post„divorce€case,€Andrew€œFaheen›€AkhdaryÏ(Akhdary)€filed€a€motion€œon€January€5,€1993,€seeking›€visitationÏwith€his€two€minor€children,€Adam€Blaine€Akhdary€(Adam)€(œdob›:ÏSeptember€9,€1983)€and€Rachel€Lauren€Akhdary€(Rachel)€(œdob›:€JuneÏ10,€1988).€€œHe€had€not€seen€his€children€since€July,€1990.€ÏFollowing€four€separate›€hearings€extending€over€approximatelyÏœeighteen€and€a€half›€months,€the€trial€court€denied€AkhdaryððsÏmotion.€€He€appeals,€arguing,€in€effect,€that€the€trial€courtÏabused€its€discretion€in€refusing€to€œgrant€him€at€least€supervised›Ïvisitation.ÌÌà@ àI.€€œòòProcedural›€HistoryóóÌÌà àà àà àThe€parties€were€divorced€by€a€judgment€enteredÏJune€18,€1990,€following€a€contested€hearing€œthat€lasted›€four€toÏfive€days,€some€of€which,€in€the€words€of€the€trial€œjudge,Ïextended€to›€œð ðeight›€or€nine,€œ.€.€.€ten›€oððclock€at€night.ðð€€While€weÏdo€not€have€a€transcript€of€that€hearing,€we€do€have€the€trialÏcourtððs€29„page€œmemorandum€opinion›€which€graphically€describesÍAkhdaryððs€violent€conduct€during€the€marriage€and€its€effects€onÏhis€wife,€Cheryl€Maxine€Pollard€(Pollard)œ× ƒ4 ××  ×›:ÌÌÓÓà àà8 àThe€Court€will€grant€the€divorce€to€Mrs.ÏAkhdary€on€the€ground€of€cruel€and€inhumanÏtreatment.€€I€think€I€should€point€out€for€theÏrecord€in€the€event€that€either€side€choosesÏto€appeal€from€this€decision€that€the€CourtÏfinds€that€there€is€an€abundance€of€proof€thatÏMr.€Akhdary€has€physically€abused€Mrs.€AkhdaryÏon€numerous€occasions,€that€he€has€carried€onÏa€campaign€of€verbal€abuse€which€is€intendedÏto€intimidate€her€and€destroy€her€selfÏconfidence€and€self€esteem,€that€there€wereÏnumerous€acts€of€physical€abuse€which€includedÏpulling€her€hair,€punching€her€breasts,Ïdragging€her€by€the€hair€of€the€head,€pushingÏher€fingers€backwards€until€they€popped,Ïkicking€her,€holding€a€pillow€over€her€face,Ïhitting€her€in€the€stomach€while€she€wasÏpregnant€as€well€as€other€acts€of€physicalÏabuse;€that€on€one€occasion€the€proof€is€thatÏhe€pointed€a€loaded€rifle€at€her€and€made€herÏstay€awake€all€night,€that€he€has€spit€on€herÏand€other€„„€He€has€also€called€her€vile€andÏvulgar€names.€€This€not€only€has€been€to€herÏpersonally,€but€in€places€in€public€on€moreÏthan€one€occasion.ÌÌà àà8 àAs€a€result€of€the€physical€abuse,€Mrs.ÏAkhdary€was€treated€at€least€two€times€by€Dr.ÏœBrackett›€and€was€given€medical€attention€as€aÏresult€of€these€physical€assaults.€€the€CourtÏfeels€that€these€acts€of€physical€abuse€orÏphysical€and€verbal€abuse€have€beenÏcorroborated€by€numerous€witnesses€who€haveÏobserved€bruises,€scratches€and€so€forth€onÍMrs.€Akhdary,€that€the€defendantððs€first€wifeÏtestified€during€the€course€of€this€trial€andÏtestified€that€she€encountered€the€same€typeÏof€behavior€during€her€marriage€to€theÏdefendant€which€was€approximately€of€threeÏyearsðð€duration,€that€these€same€types€ofÏphysical€abuse€œwas€[sic]›€carried€on,€and€theÏCourt€believes€that€this€definitelyÏestablished€a€pattern€of€conduct€on€the€partÏof€Mr.€Akhdary.ÌÌà àà8 àThe€Court€further€finds€that€Mr.€Akhdary,€hisÏattitude€has€been€belligerent€throughout€theÏmarriage,€throughout€some€of€this€hearing,Ïthat€this€was€evidenced€to€such€an€extent€thatÏhis€son€by€his€first€marriage€requested€toÏquit€visiting€with€his€father€at€age€13€or€14,Ïthat€he€was€also€subsequently€adopted€by€hisÏstepfather€and€no€longer€has€any€relationshipÏwith€his€father€whatsoever.€€This€conduct€andÏattitude€was€carried€out€not€only€with€theÏplaintiff,€but€with€other€people€who€from€timeÏto€time€became€involved€with€Mr.€Akhdary,€hadÏconfrontations€with€him,€and€Iððm€specificallyÏreferring€to€„„€specifically€referring€toÏincidences€with€Dr.€Martin€œBaldree›€who€was€orÏmay€still€be€a€professor€at€Lee€College€inÏCleveland,€Tennessee€who€Mr.€AkhdaryÏthreatened€to€kill€and€threatened€to€kill€hisÏchildren€after€Mr.€Akhdaryððs€father€wasÏwritten€a€letter€by€Dr.€œBaldree›€stating€thatÏhe€had€to€retire€because€of€the€mandatoryÏretirement€age.ÌÌà àà8 àDr.€œBaldree›€also€testified€that€later€at€Mr.ÏAkhdaryððs€fatherððs€funeral€Mr.€Akhdary€didÏoffer€an€apology,€but€the€Court€does€not€feelÏthat€this€in€any€way€makes€up€for€the€fear€andÏconcern€that€was€caused€to€Dr.€œBaldree›€andÏagain€was€in€compliance€and€correspondenceÏwith€the€type€tactics€that€he€has€used€on€Mrs.ÏAkhdary.ÌÌà àà8 àThis€attitude€was€also€demonstrated€when€heÏhad€a€confrontation€with€Mr.€Harold€œRiley›€whoÏis€the€president€of€Graphic€Impressions€&ÏDesigns€whom€Mrs.€Akhdary€had€worked€for€onÏone€occasion€when€Mr.€Akhdary€threatened€himÏand€threatened€to€turn€his€so„called€sweatÏshop€into€a€blood€shop€and€threatened€him€withÏphysical€violence.ÌÌà àà8 àI€think€itððs€important€that€the€record€reflectÏthat€these€are€independent€witnesses€who€knewÏnothing€about€the€facts€that€were€testified€toÏconcerning€the€divorce€between€Mr.€and€Mrs.ÏAkhdary,€but€were€individuals€who€hadÏexperienced€similar€type€of€conduct€andÏretaliation€on€the€part€of€Mr.€Akhdary.€€TheÏCourt€feels€that€this€independent€evidenceÏcertainly€corroborates€the€testimony€that€wasÏpresented€by€Mrs.€Akhdary€and€other€personsÏwho€testified€in€her€behalf€with€regard€to€theÏabuse€she€has€encountered.ÌÌà àà8 àMrs.€Akhdary€testified€that€as€a€result€of€theÏphysical€abuse€that€she€was€bruised€and€oftenÏshowed€signs€of€physical€abuse.€€This€fact€wasÏcorroborated€by€Mrs.€Peg€Johnson€who€isÏdirector€of€Family€Shelter€for€Battered€WomenÏwho€testified€that€she€observed€bruises€on€theÏplaintiff€at€the€time€that€the€plaintiff€cameÏto€the€shelter,€and€I€might€add€that€I€thinkÏshe€came€to€the€shelter€on€some€four€differentÏoccasions,€three€or€four€occasions.€€Mrs.ÏJohnson€also€testified€that€the€plaintiffððsÏfear€level€was€much€higher€than€the€averageÏwoman€who€comes€to€the€shelter€.€.€.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àThe€trial€court€awarded€custody€of€the€œpartiesðð€children›Ïto€œtheir€mother.›€€The€court€awarded€Akhdary€œconditional€supervised›Ïvisitation,€noting,€in€part,€as€follows:ÌÌÓÓà àà8 àWith€regard€to€visitation,€visitation€shall€beÏlimited€to€supervised€visitation€and€in€theÏfuture,€this€shall€be€conditioned€upon€Mr.ÏAkhdary€agreeing€to€submit€himself€forÏcounseling€which€has€been€recommended€by€allÏof€the€expert€witnesses€who€testified€duringÏthe€course€of€this€trial.€€Specifically,€thereÏwere€two€psychologists€and€two€psychiatristsÏthat€testified€as€well€as€other€social€workersÏand€other€counselors,€so€the€Court€feels€thatÏthis€is€imperative€since€this€is€based€uponÏthe€recommendations€of€all€expert€witnesses.ÌÌà@ à*€€€€*€€€€*ÌÌà àà8 àWith€regard€to€counseling€to€be€participatedÏin€by€the€parties,€the€Court€is€accepting€theÏsuggestion€or€recommendation€of€both€Dr.ÏSpalding,€Dr.€œSpeal›€and€Dr.€œBrandenberg›,€andÏthat€is,€that€all€parties€participate€inÏcounseling€with€a€counselor€who€is€aÏspecialist€in€the€field€which€is€needed€byÏeach€of€them,€.€.€.ÌÌà@ à*€€€€*€€€€*ÌÌà àà8 àFor€Mr.€Akhdary,€that€is€as€a€person€whoÏcounsels€with€people€who€have€precipitatedÏthis€type€of€conduct€upon€a€wife€or€anotherÏperson,€.€.€.ÌÌÌÌÓÓThe€trial€court€œalluded›€to€testimony€regarding€AkhdaryððsÏð ðdisordersðð:ÌÌÓÓà àà8 àDr.€Spalding€also€stated€that€the€picture€thatÏMr.€Akhdary€painted€of€himself€was€that€of€aÏblameless€person,€that€it€was€too€good€to€beÍtrue,€that€he€did€not€accept€the€defendantððsÏevaluation€of€himself.€€He€also€testified€onÏthe€basis€of€the€hypothetical€question€whichÏwas€posed€by€Mr.€Moore€that€he€diagnosed€theÏdefendant€as€having€the€following€disorders.€ÏOne,€narcissistic€disorder.€€He€had€six€of€theÏnine€characteristics€which€were€positive;€two,Ïa€sadistic€disorder€with€each€of€the€eightÏcharacteristics€being€positive€or€present€andÏthat€there€was,€three,€a€borderlineÏpersonality€disorder.€€He€has€testified€thatÏthese€disorders€are€not€treatable€byÏmedication,€that€they€will€yield€only€toÏpsychotherapy€and€the€person€receiving€theÏtherapy€must€admit€to€the€disorder€before€helpÏcan€be€available.€€He€also€testified€that€heÏfelt€that€a€person€with€these€disordersÏgenerally€should€not€be€allowed€to€influence€aÏchild.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àThe€trial€courtððs€opinion€œindicates›€the€impact€of€Mr.ÏAkhdaryððs€conduct€on€his€oldest€child,€Adam:ÌÌÓÓà àà8 àMrs.€Johnson€[of€the€Family€Shelter€forÏBattered€Women]€also€testified€.€.€.€that€theÏpartiesðð€child€Adam€was€one€of€the€mostÏfearful€children€that€she€had€ever€had€at€theÏcenter,€that€he€was€extremely€anxious€andÏwould€not€let€anyone€touch€him.ÌÌà@ à*€€€€*€€€*ÌÌà àà8 àThe€Court€has€also€ordered€.€.€.€that€AdamÏcertainly€continue€in€the€counseling€that€isÏbeing€provided€for€him€to€try€and€overcome€theÏdamage€thatððs€been€done€as€a€result€of€theÏpartiesðð€relationship.ÌÌà@ à*€€€€*€€€€*ÌÌœ›à àà8 àThe€Court€will€further€state€that€in€supportÏof€the€order€which€I€have€just€made€asÏpreviously€stated,€Dr.€Susan€œBrandenberg›€is€aÏpsychologist€with€heavy€emphasis€in€dealingÏwith€children€and€addressing€a€childððsÏemotional€function.€€She€testified€in€thisÏcase€and€diagnosed€that€Adam€suffers€fromÏpost„traumatic€stress€disorder,€that€he€wasÏalso€severely€depressed,€that€Adam€expressedÏfear€of€harm€or€potential€harm€to€his€motherÏand€sometimes€his€sister,€that€he€has€alsoÏbeen€a€witness€on€more€than€one€occasion€toÏphysical€abuse€of€his€mother€which€hasÏcertainly€instilled€these€fears€in€him,€andÏDr.€œBrandenberg›€believed€that€these€were€veryÏreal€fears.€€She€has€opined€that€ongoingÏtherapy€for€Adam€is€mandatory€and€that€therapyÏfor€the€entire€family€is€necessary.ÌÌà@ à*€€€€*€€€€*ÌÌà àà8 àDr.€Stanley€œSpeal›,€a€clinical€psychologistÏfrom€this€city€for€many€years€during€the€trialÏtestified€that€he€had€seen€the€defendantÏtwice,€saw€the€plaintiff€one€time,€saw€Adam,Ïthe€minor€child,€on€three€occasions.€€He€didÏconclude€that€Mrs.€Akhdary€is€an€abusedÏspouse,€that€the€child€has€very€markedÏemotional€problems;€that€is,€he€is€veryÏdepressed,€that€he€was€very€guarded,€withdrawnÏand€insecure€and€that€Adamððs€test€resultsÏindicate€that€he€believes€the€mother€to€be€aÏmore€positive€parent.ÌÌà àà8 àDr.€œSpeal›€also€testified€that€these€emotionalÏproblems€which€he€defined€Adam€as€having€wereÏdue€to€the€problem€and€the€turmoil€that€hasÏexisted€between€the€childððs€parents.€€He€alsoÏagreed€that€the€child€should€continue€inÏtherapy€and€that€both€parents€should€be€inÏtherapy€and€also€that€the€therapist€should€beÏa€specialist€in€the€field€of€abuse.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àThe€trial€courtððs€memorandum€opinion€clearly€statesÏJudge€Brownððs€intent€with€respect€to€visitation:ÌÌÓÓà àà8 àNow,€visitation€will€resume€at€such€time€asÏthe€appropriate€arrangements€have€been€made,Ïand€œthe›€Court€instructs€the€attorneys€to€makeÏthose€arrangements€with€as€much€haste€asÏpossible.€€Itððs€not€the€Courtððs€intention€toÏdeprive€Mr.€Akhdary€of€visitation€with€theÏchildren,€but€I€do€feel€that€it€should€beÏunder€the€conditions€as€set€out€by€the€Court.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àThe€œdivorce€judgment›€in€this€case€spells€out€the€detailsÏof€the€courtððs€supervised€visitation€plan:ÌÌÓÓà àà8 àThe€defendant€is€granted€the€right€to€visitÏboth€his€children€under€the€followingÏcircumstances€and€conditions€and€notÏotherwise:ÌÌà àà àà8 àa.€€The€visits€will€be€supervised.ÌÌà àà àà8 àb.€€The€visits€will€be€at€a€neutralÏplace€and€no€less€than€one€hour.ÌÌà àà àà8 àc.€€The€defendant€must€be€in€therapyÏwith€a€duly€qualified€professionalÏcounselor/therapist€who€is€qualifiedÏspecifically€to€render€therapy€andÏcounseling€to€œbatterers›€and/orÏpersons€who€have€abused€theirÏœspouses.›ÌÌà àà àà8 àd.€€The€plaintiff€continues€in€herÏpresent€therapy€with€œCorliss›€œGober›,Ïa€qualified€therapist€specializingÏin€counseling€and€therapy€for€abusedÏspouses.ÌÌà àà àà8 àe.€€Adam€Akhdary€continues€in€hisÏtherapy.ÌÌà àà àà8 àf.€€The€counseling/therapy€of€theÏplaintiff€and€the€defendant,€as€wellÏas€Adam,€will€continue€indefinitelyÏor€until€that€personððs€counselorÏconcludes€and€reports€that€theÏcounseling/therapy€of€that€person€isÏno€longer€necessary.ÌÌà àà àà8 àg.€€The€location€of€the€visits€andÏthe€frequency€of€the€visits€are€toÏbe€determined€and€established€byÏAdam€Akhdaryððs€therapist€inÏconsultation€with€the€therapists€forÏthe€plaintiff€and€the€defendant.ÌÌà àà àà8 àh.€€Visits€with€Rachel€will€takeÏplace€simultaneously€with€the€visitsÏwith€Adam€and€with€respect€to€timeÏand€place€will€in€all€ways€be€theÏsame€as€with€respect€to€Adam.ÌÌà àà àà8 àI.€€The€grandmother,€Emily€Akhdary,Ïis€permitted€to€visit€Rachel€andÏAdam€Akhdary€upon€the€same€occasionsÏand€under€the€same€conditions€at€theÏsame€time€and€place€as€theÏdefendant.ÌÌà àà àà8 àj.€€Any€questions,€issues€orÏdisagreements€regarding€theÏvisitation€will€be€addressed€firstÏto€the€three€therapists€who€willÏanswer€any€such€questions€andÏresolve€any€disagreements€within€tenÏdays€and,€if€that€is€not€done,€allÍsuch€matters€will€be€broughtÏdirectly€to€this€Court.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àOn€January€5,€1993,€some€2€ðð€years€after€the€divorce,ÏAkhdary€filed€his€motion€for€visitation.€€œApparently,€despite€theÏcourtððs€grant€of€conditional€supervised€visitation,€there€had€beenÏno€visitation€since€the€divorce.€€The›€trial€court€receivedÏtestimony€and€exhibits€on€the€motion€on€April€26,€1993,€OctoberÏ18,€1993,€January€24,€1994,€and€November€7,€1994.€€Following€theÏlast€hearing,€the€trial€court€announced€œit›€was€denying€œAkhdaryððs›Ïœmotion.›€€The€court€œdirected›€that€Akhdary€should€œcontinue€toÏparticipate›€in€œa›€œbatterers›ðð€class€œð ðfor›€at€least€an€additional€sixÏto€seven€months.ðð€€The€court€went€on€to€order€Pollard,€inÏconjunction€with€certain€named€professionals,€to€start€preparingÏthe€children€for€visitation€with€their€œfather.€€The›€courtÏindicated€that€following€all€of€that,€it€would€hold€anotherÏhearing€to€determine€if€supervised€visitation€was€thenÏappropriate.€€The€courtððs€decision€was€designated€as€a€final€orderÏto€accommodate€Akhdary€in€the€event€he€decided€to€appeal.ÌÌà àà àIn€the€course€of€his€remarks,€the€trial€œjudge›€again€madeÏclear€his€intent€to€provide€for€visitation:ÌÌÓÓà àà8 àTHE€COURT:€œ.€.€.€Itððs›€the€Courtððs€intention€„„Ïand€I€want€Mr.€Akhdary€to€understand€this,Ïitððs€the€Courtððs€intention€to€re„establish€aÏrelationship€with€your€children.€€And,€youÏknow,€if€I€have€erred€in€the€past€or€I€err€inÏthe€future€Iððll€be€the€first€to€tell€you,€andÏthe€Court€of€Appeals€„„€and€I€think€both€theseÏattorneys€know€me€well€enough€to€know€that€IððmÏgoing€to€err€on€the€side€of€caution€for€theÏchildren.€€Iððm€the€advocate€for€the€children.ÌÌà àà8 àMR.€AKHDARY:€Yes,€sir.€€I€appreciate€that,Ïsir.ÌÌà àà8 àTHE€COURT:€But€I€do€think€that€this€isÏsomething€that€can€be€accomplished€and€I€wantÏto€know€and€am€insisting€that€steps€be€takenÏto€eventually€accomplish€this€goal.€€Is€thatÏclear?ÌÌà àà àMR.€MOORE:€Yes.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àOn€December€13,€1994,€an€order€was€entered€memorializingÏthe€trial€courtððs€œpronouncements›€œon›€November€7,€1994.€€This€appealÏfollowed.ÌÌà@ àII.€€òòFactsóóÌÌà àà àAs€a€result€of€his€fatherððs€œviolent€and€abusive€conduct,›ÏAdam€œentered€psychotherapy›€in€July,€1990.€€He€was€initiallyÏtreated€by€Barbara€P.€Seals,€a€clinical€social€worker€whoÏcounseled€abused€children.€€She€testified€that€Adam€told€her€ofÍobserving€his€father€physically€abuse€his€mother.€€œHe€remembered€aÏtime€when€he€saw€his€father€point€a€gun€at€Pollard.€He›€also€toldÏœMs.€Seals€that›€he€œtoo€had›€been€the€object€of€his€fatherððs€physicalÏabuse.€€œHe€said€that€his€father€had€spanked€him€so€hard€it€leftÏwhelps.€€On€a€number€of€occasions,€according€to€the€boy,€hisÏfather€hit€him€and€said€ð ðone€more€time€to€get€the€demons€out.ðð€ÏAdam›€œtold€Ms.€Seals€that›€he€was€afraid€of€his€father.ÌÌà àà àMs.€Seals€and€œother›€therapists€met€with€Akhdary€onÏSeptember€23,€1992,€pursuant€to€the€œdirection€of€the€divorce›Ïjudgment.€€She€testified€at€the€April€26,€1993,€hearing€that€sheÏdid€not€believe€that€Akhdary€ð ðhad€made€progress€in€his€treatmentÏin€regard€to€his€problem€of€compulsive€violence.ðð€€According€toÏher,€it€was€essential€that€an€abuser€acknowledge€and€accept€fullÏresponsibility€for€his€conduct€and€that€if€œsuch€a€person€failed›€toÏdo€so,€œvisitation›€was€ð ðpossibly€dangerous€for€a€child.ððÌÌà àà àMs.€Seals€testified€that€she€did€not€believe€that€AdamÏhad€suffered€as€a€result€of€his€separation€from€his€father.€€SheÏwas€opposed€to€visitation.ÌÌà àà àAdamððs€therapy€was€transferred€to€Terry€Lynn€Wood,€aÏlicensed€clinical€social€œworker€at€Ms.€Sealsðð€facility,›€on€June€7,Ï1993.€€œMs.›€Wood€testified€at€the€hearing€on€January€24,€1994.€€œShe›Ïtold€the€court€that€Adam€had€progressed€nicely€ð ðand€was€a€veryÏdifferent€childðð€from€the€one€œshe›€had€observed€in€1990€when€theÏchild€was€œfirst›€seen€by€Ms.€Seals.€€œShe›€testified€that€Adam€wasÏstill€fearful€of€his€father€and€did€not€want€to€see€œhim.€€She€saidÏthat€she€did€think›€that€Adam€needed€to€be€in€therapy€at€that€time.€ÏœShe›€was€also€opposed€to€visitation€and€was€pessimistic€as€toÏwhether€visitation€œwould›€ever€be€possible.€€œShe›€agreed€with€Ms.ÏSeals€that€it€was€essential€that€an€abuser€acknowledgeÏresponsibility€for€his€œor€her€abusive›€conduct.ÌÌà àà àPollard€testified€at€the€hearing€on€January€24,€1994,€asÏwell€as€the€hearing€on€November€7,€1994.€€At€the€first€hearing,Ïshe€agreed€with€œMs.›€Wood€that€Adam€did€not€then€œneed€to€be€in›Ïtherapy.€€She€said€that€both€of€the€children€were€ð ð[œd]oing›€great.ðð€ÏShe€told€the€court€that€Rachel,€who€was€œapproximately€ten€and€aÏhalf›€months€old€when€she€filed€for€divorce,€did€not€know€whoÏAkhdary€was.ÌÌà àà àœCorliss›€œGober›,€Pollardððs€therapist,€testified€at€theÏOctober€18,€1993,€hearing.€€She€was€opposed€to€even€supervisedÏvisitation€at€that€time,€opining€that€ð ðit€could€be€dangerous€.€.€.Ï[œe]motionally›€to€Adam.ðð€€She€expressed€her€view€as€to€how€sheÏthought€the€court€should€proceed:ÌÌÓÓà àà8 àOnce€Mr.€Akhdary€has€assumed€responsibilityÏfor€his€behavior€and€it€has€been€identifiedÏand€verified€by€his€following€the€court€order,Ïby€his€receiving€appropriate€counseling€from€aÏperson€who€specializes€in€treating€œbatterers›,Ïsuch€as€in€the€PEACE€Group€in€Nashville€or€theÏgroup€here€in€Chattanooga€or€the€one€inÏKnoxville€and€recommendations€from€thoseÏcounselors,€then€the€judge€might€consider€thatÏthe€children€start€being€prepared€forÏsupervised€visitation.ÌÌÌÌÓÓShe€agreed€with€Ms.€Seals€and€œMs.›€Wood€that€the€ð ðkeyðð€toÏappropriate€visitation€was€whether€Akhdary€sincerely€acceptedÏresponsibility€for€his€abusive€behavior.ÌÌà àà àMary€Kay€œRadpour›,€a€licensed€clinical€social€worker,€hadÏcounseled€with€Akhdary€since€July,€1990.€€She€testified€on€AprilÏ26,€1993,€and€again€on€January€24,€1994.€€She€stated€that€AkhdaryÏhad€acknowledged€to€her€that€he€œhad€been€abusive€to€his€wife›.€€SheÏtold€the€court€that€he€had€pursued€therapy€with€her€ð ðwith€greatÍreliabilityðð€for€three€years€before€he€left€for€duty€arising€outÏof€the€Gulf€œWar,€and€also€after€his€return€to€this€country.›€€SheÏdiagnosed€him€as€possessing€a€ð ðnarcissistic€disorder€with€paranoidÏfeatures.ðð€€She€ascribed€œat€least€some€of€his›€conduct€to€the€factÏthat€ð ðheððs€culturally€Egyptian.ððœ× ƒ5 ××  ×›€€She€pointed€out€that€he€caredÏð ðprofoundlyðð€for€his€children.€€She€recommended€that€he€beÏafforded€supervised€œvisitation,€stressing€the€need€of›€œchildren›€œto›Ïknow€their€parents.ÌÌà àà àAkhdary€testified€on€January€24,€1994,€and€again€onÏNovember€7,€1994.€€At€the€time€of€the€former€hearing,€he€œtestifiedÏthat€he€had€been›€involved€with€œa€batterers€group›€in€Washington,ÏD.C.,€when€he€was€there€in€connection€with€his€duties€related€toÏthe€Gulf€War;€but€there€was€nothing€to€substantiate€thisÏinvolvement.€€He€joined€œsuch€a›€group€in€Hamilton€County€inÏœDecember,€1993.›€€He€had€attended€three€meetings€at€the€time€of€theÏœJanuary€24,€1994,€hearing€and€had€finished€the€course„„a€ð ðdomesticÏviolence€classðð„„at€the€time€of€the€November€7,€1994,€hearing.›ÌÌà àà àAkhdary€testified€that€he€knew€that€he€had€actedÏimproperly€with€respect€to€his€former€wife.€€He€testified€that€heÏshould€be€afforded€supervised€visitation.ÌÌà àà àAll€of€the€œexpert€witnesses›€agreed€that€œthe›€childrenÏwould€need€a€period€of€preparation€before€visitation€startedÏbecause€œit›€had€been€so€long€since€they€had€seen€their€father.ÌÌœà@ àIII.›€€òòLawóóÌÌà àà àWe€embark€upon€our€analysis€of€this€case€mindful€of€theÏfact€that€trial€courts€are€vested€with€wide€discretion€in€mattersÏof€custody€and€visitation.€€œð ð[T]he›€details€of€custody€andÏvisitation€with€children€are€peculiarly€within€the€broadÏdiscretion€of€the€trial€judge.ðð€€òòò òEdwards€v.€Edwardsó óóó,€501€œS.W.2d›Ï283,€291€(Tenn.€œApp›.€1973).€€òòSee€also€ò òœMarmino›€v.€œMarmino›ó óóó,€238ÏœS.W.2d›€105,€107€(Tenn.€œApp›.€1950);€òòò òGrant€v.€Grantó óóó,€286€œS.W.2d›Ï349,€350€(Tenn.€œApp›.€1954).€€Therefore,€we€are€cautioned€œbyÏprecedent€not›€to€disturb€a€lower€courtððs€determination€on€theseÏissues€unless€there€is€a€showing€that€the€court€below€has€abusedÍits€discretionœ× ƒ6 ××  ×›.€€òòò òœSuttles›€v.€œSuttles›ó óóó,€748€œS.W.2d›€427,€429€(Tenn.Ï1988).€€In€our€review€of€this€non„jury€case,€we€are€also€mindfulÏof€the€fact€that€our€appellate€inquiry€of€this€non„jury€case€is€òòdeÏnovoóó;€however,€the€record€of€the€proceedings€below€œcomes›€to€usÏaccompanied€by€a€presumption€of€correctness€that€we€must€honorÏunless€we€find€that€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trialÏcourtððs€findings€of€fact€supporting€its€judgment.€€Rule€13(d),ÏœT.R.A.P.›ÌÌà àà àAs€a€general€rule,€a€trial€court,€as€a€part€of€itsÏdivorce€judgment,€will€grant€a€œnoncustodial›€parent€visitation€withÏhis€or€her€minor€childrenœ× ƒ7 ××  ×›.€€ð ð[œT]he›€right€of€the€noncustodialÍparent€to€reasonable€visitation€is€clearly€favored.ðð€€ò òòòœSuttles›óóó ó,Ï748€œS.W.2d›€œat€429›€(Tenn.€1988)€(œDrowota›,€J.).€€However,€it€isÏclear€beyond€any€doubt€that€a€noncustodial€parent€does€not€have€anÏð ðinviolate€right€to€any€particular€arrangement.ðð€€ò òòòTaylor€v.ÏTayloróóó ó,€849€œS.W.2d›€319,€331€(Tenn.€œ1993)€(quoting€from€òòò òLong€v.ÏLongó óóó,€381€N.W.2d€350,€356€(Wis.€1986)).›€€Furthermore,€visitationÏcan€be€severely€limited€or€even€eliminated€ð ðif€there€is€definiteÏevidence€that€to€permit€[the€parent]€the€right€would€jeopardizeÏthe€child,€in€either€a€physical€or€moral€sense.ðð€€ò òòòWeaver€v.ÏWeaveró óóó,€261€œS.W.2d›€145,€148€(Tenn.€œApp›.€1953);€òòò òœSuttles›ó óóó,€748ÏœS.W.2d›€at€429.€€òòSee€alsoò ò€D€v.€Kó óóó,€1995€WL€574406€(Tenn.€œApp›.ÏSeptember€29,€1995)€(perm.€app.€den.€by€Supreme€Court€on€FebruaryÏ5,€1996).€€Put€another€way,€ð ðthe€grant€or€enforcement€ofÏððvisitationðð€is€not€justified€where€it€results€in€injury€to€ratherÏthan€enhancement€of€the€best€interests€of€the€child€or€œchildren.ðð›€Ïòòò òArnold€v.€Arnoldó óóó,€774€œS.W.2d›€613,€618€(Tenn.€œApp›.€1989).ÌÌà àà àIn€a€visitation€determination,€as€in€a€custodyÏdetermination,€a€court€must€be€guided€by€what€is€in€the€bestÏinterests€of€the€child€or€children.€€As€we€said€in€the€unreportedÏcase€of€òòò òYeager€v.€Yeageró óóó,€1995€WL€422470€(Tenn.€œApp›.€1995),Ïð ð[œt]he›€courts€now€commonly€refer€to€their€approach€to€custody€andÍvisitation€issues€as€œthe€ððbest›€interestsðð€analysis.ðð€€1995€WLÏ422470€at€*4.€€In€this€analysis,€ð ðthe€welfare€and€best€interestsÏof€the€child€are€[the]€primary€concern,€.€.€.€and€.€.€.€the€rightsÏand€wishes€of€the€parents€are€secondary.ðð€€òòId.€€See€also€ò òœNeely›€v.ÏœNeely›ó óóó,€737€œS.W.2d›€539,€542€(Tenn.€œApp›.€1987).€€The€œð ðbest›€interestsÏof€the€œchildrenðð›€test€has€been€described€as€ð ðthe€polestar,€theÏòòalpha€and€omegaóó.ðð€€òòò òœBah›€v.€œBah›ó óóó,€668€œS.W.2d›€663,€665€(Tenn.€œApp›.Ï1983)€(italics€in€original).€€However,€it€is€also€clear€that€theÏð ðrights€of€the€parents€cannot€be€ignored€and€must€be€weighed€inÏthe€balance€when€a€court€makes€a€decision€that€will€affect€theÏparent/child€relationship.ðð€€òòò òœNeely›ó óóó,€737€œS.W.2d›€at€539;€òòò òœPizzillo›Ïv.€œPizzillo›ó óóó,€884€œS.W.2d›€749,€755€(Tenn.€œApp›.€1994).ÌÌà àà àGenerally€speaking,€ð ð[a]€childððs€interests€are€well„served€by€a€custody€and€visitation€arrangement€that€promotes€theÏdevelopment€of€relationships€with€both€the€custodial€and€theÏnoncustodial€parent.ðð€€òòò òœPizzillo›ó óóó,€884€œS.W.2d›€at€755.€€It€is€alsoÏclear€visitation€œð ðshould›€not€be€made€to€punish€or€reward€parents.ðð€ÏòòIdóó.€at€757.ÌÌà àà àIn€òòò òœSuttles›€v.€œSuttles›ó óóó,€748€œS.W.2d›€427€(Tenn.€1988),Ïthe€noncustodial€œfather,›€who€was€confined€in€the€stateÍpenitentiary€serving€sentences€totaling€30€œyears,›€soughtÏvisitation€with€his€son€who€was€then€five€years€old.€€In€theÏdivorce,€the€mother€alleged€a€history€of€physical€abuse€at€theÏhands€of€the€father,€including€an€incident€when€he€ð ðbeat€her€whileÏshe€held€their€son€in€her€arms.ðð€€òòIdóó.€at€428.€€His€confinementÏarose€out€of€charges€placed€against€him€as€a€result€of€theÏfollowing€incident€involving€his€wife€and€œchild,€as›€described€byÏthe€Supreme€Court:ÌÌÓÓà àà8 àOn€September€15,€1985,€Defendant€came€to€seeÏPlaintiff€where€she€was€staying€at€aÏcampground€in€œPigeon›€Forge€and€whenÏPlaintiffððs€father€intervened€in€an€argumentÏbetween€the€parties,€Defendant€drew€a€pistolÏand€shot€her€father€in€the€chest.€€He€thenÏabducted€Plaintiff€and€their€son€in€his€carÏand€led€the€police€œon›€a€high€speed€chase.€ÏDuring€the€course€of€the€chase,€DefendantÏthreatened€his€son€with€the€pistol€and€shot€atÏPlaintiff€when€she€tried€to€protect€the€child.€ÏAs€a€result€of€the€chase,€the€DefendantÏwrecked€his€car,€injuring€both€Plaintiff€andÏtheir€son.€€At€some€point€during€thisÏincident,€Defendant€choked€his€son€but€wasÏrestrained€by€Plaintiff€and€the€police€beforeÏthe€child€was€seriously€injured.ÌÌÌÌÓÓòòIdóó.€€Both€the€trial€court€and€the€Court€of€Appeals€allowedÏvisitation€with€the€noncustodial€father.€€The€Supreme€CourtÍreversed,€holding€that€suspension€of€visitation€was€warranted.€€InÏthe€course€of€its€opinion,€the€Supreme€Court€opined€as€follows:ÌÌÓÓà àà8 àThat€Defendant€assaulted€his€own€child€isÏessentially€undisputed€and€the€recordÏsufficiently€establishes€that€Defendant€hasÏviolent€propensities€toward€both€his€formerÏwife€and€their€child.€€His€need€forÏpsychological€counseling€and€treatment€isÏapparent.€€While€the€mere€fact€that€DefendantÏis€presently€incarcerated€does€not€of€itselfÏpreclude€visitation,€the€combination€ofÏDefendantððs€incarceration,€the€crimes€forÏwhich€he€is€imprisoned,€the€age€of€the€child,Ïhis€history€of€violent€behavior€toward€his€sonÏand€Plaintiff,€and€his€obvious€need€to€dealÏwith€his€violent€temper€make€visitationÏinappropriate€at€this€time.ÌÌà@ à*€€€€*€€€€*ÌÌà àà8 à.€.€.€considering€all€of€the€circumstances€inÏthis€case,€we€conclude€that€visitation€shouldÏbe€suspended€until€a€change€of€circumstancesÏcan€be€shown.€€We€believe€that€this€suspensionÏwould€serve€the€best€interests€of€the€child.€ÏDefendant€may,€however,€petition€the€trialÏcourt€to€modify€this€order€upon€aÏdemonstration€of€changed€circumstances,€whichÏwould€include€a€showing€that€the€child€hadÏreached€sufficient€maturity€to€express€his€ownÏpreference€voluntarily€or€that€Defendant€hadÏbeen€released€from€the€penitentiary.ÌÌÌÌÓÓòòIdóó.€at€429.ÌÌà@ àIV.€€òòAnalysisóóÌÌà àà àThe€judgment€of€divorce€in€this€case€set€forthÏconditions€œwhich›€had€to€be€satisfied€to€ð ðtriggerðð€the€commencementÏof€supervised€visitation.€€That€judgment€was€not€appealed€œfrom.€ÏTherefore,€its›€provisions€œwere€binding€on€the€parties€as€a€part€ofÏa€final€judgment.€€›œWhile›€we€were€not€asked€to€review€œthoseÏconditions›€following€the€divorce,€we€do€not€œfind€them€to€be€overly›Ïburdensome€in€view€of€œthe€extreme€nature€of€Akhdaryððs›€abusiveÏtreatment€of€Pollard€and€Adam€during€the€marriage.ÌÌà àà àOne€of€the€conditions€imposed€by€the€trial€court€wasÏthat€Akhdary€involve€himself€in€therapy€with€a€person€ð ðòòqualifiedÏspecificallyóó€to€render€therapy€and€counseling€to€œbatterers›€and/orÏpersons€who€have€abused€their€spouses.ðð€€(Emphasis€added).€€ThereÏwas€nothing€in€œthe›€education,€training€or€œexperience,€of€hisÏtherapist,€Ms.€Radpour,›€to€suggest€that€she€was€ð ðqualifiedÏspecificallyðð€to€render€therapy€to€a€œbatterer›.€€To€the€extent€thatÏAkhdary€œrelied›€upon€his€therapy€with€Ms.€œRadpour›€to€satisfy€thisÏparticular€provision,€he€œwas›€in€error.€€This€is€not€to€say€thatÏMs.€œRadpour›€was€not€qualified€to€express€her€professional€opinionsÏin€this€case.€€She€œclearly€was;›€but€œAkhdaryððs€therapy›€œwith€herÏsimply›€did€not€satisfy€the€œcourtððs€condition›€œthat€therapy€beÍrendered€by€one€ð ðqualified€specificallyðð€with€respect€toÏbatterers.›ÌÌà àà àIt€is€true€that€Akhdary€claimed€that€he€participated€inÏa€œbatterers›ðð€group€in€Washington;€maybe€he€did.€€However,€œtheseÏsessions€were€not€specifically€identified€by€name,€faculty€orÏotherwise,€and€his€attendance€was€not€substantiated€beyond€his€ownÏtestimony;›€and,€more€importantly,€œthere€was€no›€œproof›€œas€to€whetherÏhe€made€any›€progress€œin›€œthese›€œsessions.€€The€proof€was€deficientÏas€to€whether€these€sessions€satisfied€the€courtððs€objective€inÏmandating€therapy€specifically€designed€for€batterers.›ÌÌà àà àThe€only€real€proof€in€the€record€regarding€counselingÏfor€œbatterers›€came€out€at€the€œhearings€on€January€24,€1994,€andÏNovember›€7,€1994.€€The€testimony€of€Akhdary€was€that€he€hadÏœcompleted€the€Hamilton€County€ð ðdomestic€violence€classðð€as€of€theÏdate€of€the€last€hearing.€€Judge€Brown€was€not€satisfied€with€theÏproof€regarding€Akhdaryððs€participation:ÌÌÓÓà àà8 àTo€say€this€report€[of€AkhdaryððsÏparaticipation]€is€very€brief€would€be€a€grossÏunderstatement.€€Other€than€the€fact€the€classÏdealt€with€domestic€violence€there€is€noÏexplanation€as€to€how€the€classes€wereÏconducted€or€as€to€whether€any€members€of€theÍclass€received€individual€counseling€as€wellÏas€group€therapy.ÌÌà àà8 àBased€upon€the€information€received€at€ourÏmost€recent€hearing€the€domestic€violenceÏclass€which€Mr.€Akhdary€attended€would€be€of€aÏrelatively€short€duration.€€Based€upon€theÏinformation€received€I€would€not€be€inclinedÏto€grant€Mr.€Akhdary€visitation€at€this€time.ÌÌà@ à*€€€€*€€€€*ÌÌà àà8 àOne€of€the€bases€for€that€is€the€CourtððsÏconcern€about€the€duration€of€this€class€whichÏwas€supported€by€Ms.€Ashtonððs€testimony€nearÏthe€end€of€her€testimony,€and€I€wrote€it€downÏin€quotes,€ð ðTwelve€weeks€is€a€limited€periodÏof€time€to€accomplish€the€goals€of€the€class.€ÏIn€the€future€we€will€be€increasing€the€lengthÏof€the€course,ðð€and€thatððs€exactly€what€IÏexpected€when€I€requested€or€required€Mr.ÏAkhdary€to€attend€such€a€class.ÌÌà@ à*€€€€*€€€€*ÌÌà àà8 àThe€Court€will€order€that€Mr.€Akhdary€continueÏin€the€batterersðð€class€for€at€least€anÏadditional€six€to€seven€months.€€The€CourtÏwill€consider€the€1st€of€June€whether€or€notÏto€establish€a€supervised€visitation€programÏwith€the€children.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àWe€do€not€believe€the€evidence€preponderates€against€theÏtrial€courtððs€determination€that€some€of€the€conditions€imposed€on›Ïthe€commencement€of€supervised€œvisitation€had€not€been€satisfied.›€ÏIt€is€obvious€from€the€record€before€us€that€the€trial€judge€wasÏconcerned€about€exposing€either€of€the€children€to€their€fatherÍuntil€he€sincerely€appreciated€the€harm€œhe›€had€caused€œAdam›€by€œhis›Ïviolent€œconduct.€€This€was€and€is€a€legitimate€concern.€€There€isÏno€doubt€in€our€mind€that€the€trial€judge€is€sincere€in€professingÏhis€intent€to€move€the€parties€and€their€children€towardÏvisitation.›ÌÌà àà àWe€find€no€abuse€of€discretion€on€the€part€of€the€trialÏœjudge.€€We€cannot€say€that€his€decision€following€the€last€hearingÏin€November,€1994,€was€contrary€to€the€best€interests€of€theÏchildren.›ÌÌà àà àThis€is€a€sad€case€indeed.€€Akhdary€was€last€with€hisÏchildren€œsix€years€ago.›€€At€that€time€Adam€was€œalmost€seven€yearsÏold;€Rachel›€was€œtwo›€œyears›€old.€€Adam€is€now€going€on€13€and€RachelÏœwill€soon€be€eight.›€€Rachel€does€not€know€her€father;€AdamððsÏthoughts€are€apparently€dominated€by€bad€memories€of€his€father.€ÏEveryone€agrees€that€some€period€of€preparation€œis€necessary›Ïbefore€supervised€visitation€œstarts.€€Hopefully,€this€preparatoryÏwork€has€been€pursued€while€this€appeal€was€pending.›ÌÌà àà àAkhdary€has€made€some€œeffort›€toward€complying€with€theÏcourtððs€conditions.€€He€was€obviously€prevented€from€meeting€someÍof€the€conditions€for€a€period€of€time€due€to€service€in€the€GulfÏWar.€€He€appears€to€be€making€œa€good€faith›€effort;€œbut€it›€remainsÏto€be€seen€whether€he€is€òòbenefitingóó€from€his€counseling€withÏrespect€to€his€violent€and€abusive€behavior.€€Hopefully,€he€is;Ïbut€this€determination€must€be€made€by€the€trial€judge€who€is€in€aÏfar€better€position€than€are€we€to€assess€credibility€and€theÏproper€weight€to€be€given€to€the€œtestimony€of€the€various›Ïœwitnesses.€€It€is€not€enough€ð ðto€go€through€the€motions.ðð€€It€isÏessential€that€Akhdary€have€a€genuine€and€heartfeltÏacknowledgement€of€the€unacceptable€nature€of€his€past€violent€andÏabusive€conduct.›ÌÌà àà àIn€view€of€the€fact€that€œa€significant€part›€of€theÏchildrenððs€minority,€especially€Adamððs,€has€now€passed,€the€trialÏcourt€should€move€with€all€deliberate€speed€to€determine€ifÏsupervised€visitation€is€now€appropriate.ÌÌà àà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€This€causeÏis€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€such€further€proceedings€as€areÏnecessary,€consistent€with€this€opinion.€€Costs€of€this€appeal€areÏtaxed€to€the€appellant.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àCharles€D.€Susano,€Jr.,€J.ÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌHouston€M.€œGoddard›,€P.€J.ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌœHerschel›€P.€Franks