ÿWPC2 …# VUNa %¯ 0(µbÝw.å4 ' 6 0J> 0Tˆ 0^Ü 0h: 0r¢ 0| 0† 0 1u¦ 0d U> B)½ DCæ AM)U*v  v~¬ B*vÓG D3 0@M AOÆÜ 0D¢ D/æ B˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÈÚØÚÚØÈÚ0nLHÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡- ù-|}E~E€Ó€‹DÒ x93|x‹2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d7Border 1dd€- Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€"ÔÔ€"ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€"XÔÌÌMay€28,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'h dStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€¶ XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ñò ò›Þ ÞÌAMERICAN€STEINWINTERà àà à)€ÌINVESTOR€GROUP,€FOR€&€ONà àà à)ÌBEHALF€OF€AMERICAN€à àà à)ÌSTEINWINTER,€INC.,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àPlaintiffs/Appellees,à àà àà à)à àDavidson€Chanceryà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àœNos.›€€93„3431„IIIÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà àœ)à à94„1552„III›Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àœ)à àConsolidated€Cases›ÌAMERICAN€STEINWINTER,€INC.,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àAppeal€No.ÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à à01A01„9607„CH„00350Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)̜ـ€ÙßR€!# A1-j|O` ç `€€@ÿRß›SALVATORE€STALLONE€andà àà à)ÌCLAIRE€POPPLER,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àœDefendants/Appellants,›à àà à)Ìœà àà àà àà àà àà à)›ÌœWALTER€C.€PRESSLEY,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àPlaintiff/Counter„Defendant/à à)Ìà àAppellant.à àà àà àà à)›ÌœÌ›Ìà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àMIDDLE€SECTION€AT€NASHVILLEÌÌà@ àAPPEAL€FROM€CHANCERY€COURT€OF€DAVIDSON€COUNTYÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLE,€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àHONORABLE€ROBERT€S.€BRANDT,€CHANCELLORÌó óÌÌRoland€M.€Lowell€#3874à àà àà àà à€€David€WeedÌ2300€First€American€Centerà àà àà àà à€€Suite€2900,€Third€Natl.€Financial€Cntr.ÌNashville,€TN€37238„2075à àà àà àà à€€424€Church€StreetÌATTORNEY€FOR€œPLAINTIFFS/APPELLEES›à à€€Nashville,€TN€37219Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à€€Keith€Jordanà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà à€Ï222€Second€Avenue€No.,€Ste.€360MÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à€€Nashville,€TN€37201Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à€€ATTORNEYS€FOR€à àà àà àà àà àà àà à€€à àà à€ÏRECEIVER/APPELLEEÌWilliam€W.€Burton€#3237ÌDaniel,€Burton€&€Associatesà àà àà à€€à à€€Walter€C.€PressleyÌ401€W.€Main,€P.O.€Box€960à àà àà àà à€€1219€Franklin€RoadÌMurfreesboro,€TN€37133„0960à àà àà à€€Brentwood,€TN€37024ÌATTORNEY€FOR€œDEFENDANTS/APPELLANTS€€€CROSS„PLAINTIFF/COUNTERÏSalvatore€Stallone€and€Claire€Popplerà àà à€€€DEFENDANT/APPELLANT/PRO€SE›Ìœà àà à€€›ÌÌò òÓ  ÓÔ€¼ÔAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDED.ó óÔ€XÔÌÓ  ÓÌà àà àà àà àà àHENRY€F.€TODDÌà àà àà àà àà àPRESIDING€JUDGE,€MIDDLE€SECTIONÌœCONCURS:›ÌœSAMUEL›€L.€LEWIS,€JUDGEÌBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEÌœò òAMERICAN€STEINWINTERà àà à)€ÌINVESTOR€GROUP,€FOR€&€ONà àà à)ÌBEHALF€OF€AMERICAN€à àà à)ÌSTEINWINTER,€INC.,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àPlaintiffs/Appellees,à àà àà à)à àDavidson€Chanceryà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNos.€€93„3431„IIIÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à à94„1552„IIIÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àConsolidated€CasesÌAMERICAN€STEINWINTER,€INC.,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àAppeal€No.ÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à à01A01„9607„CH„00350Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌSALVATORE€STALLONE€andà àà à)ÌCLAIRE€POPPLER,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àDefendants/Appellants,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌWALTER€C.€PRESSLEY,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àPlaintiff/Counter„Defendant/à à)Ìà àAppellant.à àà àà àà à)Ì›ÌÓÓó óÌà@ àòòò òÔ€„ÔO€P€I€N€I€O€NÔ€XÔóóó óÌÓ  Óà àThis€appeal€presents€a€most€complicated€and€factually€disputed€series€of€dealingsÏinvolving€numerous€parties.€€ÌÌà àThe€briefs,€with€contradictions€present€the€background€of€the€controversy€as€follows:Ìà àSalvatore€Stallone€was€the€principal€in€a€Utah€Corporation,€œoriginally›€named€Bronco€T.ÏMining,€Inc.,€but€subsequently€and€successively€named€Stallone€American,€Limited,€StalloneÍMcComb,€Incorporated,€and€finally,€American€Steinwinter,€Inc.€€The€last€name€was€adopted€toÏpursue€a€venture€involving€the€marketing€of€a€novel€truck€designed€by€a€German€firm€namedÏSteinwinter€International.€€Neither€Steinwinter,€œInternational,›€nor€American€Steinwinter,€Inc.,Ïwere€made€parties€to€this€suit,€but€the€assets€of€American€Steinwinter,€Inc.,€were€attached€andÏare€being€liquidated€by€a€receiver€appointed€in€these€proceedings.ÌÌà àA€considerable€number€of€people€were€induced€to€invest€in€stock€of€AmericanÏSteinwinter,€Inc.€or€other€entities€which€claimed€an€interest€in€American€Steinwinter,€Inc.,€andÏsome€of€them€initiated€this€proceeding.ÌÌÓÓò òÓ  ÓTRIAL€COURTòòÌÓÓCase€No.€93„3431„IIIó óóóÌÓ  Óà àInitially,€a€group€of€investors€named€Benjamin€O.€Williams,€David€W.€Riddle,€MitchellÏBreedlove,€Gregory€V.€Watson,€Scott€Ervin€and€Gerald€M.€Ware,€used€a€pseudonym,Ïð ðAmerican€Steinwinter€Investor€Group,ðð€in€a€quasi€stockholders€derivative€suit€for€and€onÏbehalf€of€American€Steinwinter,€Inc.,ðð€a€Utah€Corporation€with€a€Nashville,€TennesseeÏaddress.ÌÌà àAs€thus€designated,€the€plaintiffs€sued,€1.€€Salvatore€Stallone;€2.€€Claire€Poppler;€3.€ÏJames€Colin€Taylor;€4.€€Sherry€L.€Stallone;€5.€€Sherry€Martin;€6.€€Jesse€James€Douglas;€7.€ÏHollow€Buzzard€Lick€Farm;€7.€€J.€Edward€Winstead;€8.€€Winner€Motor€Carriage€CorporationÏof€Nevada,€Diversified;€9.€€Retail,€Incorporated;€10.€€Diversified€Securities,€Incorporated;€11.€ÏMinestar,€Incorporated;€12.€€Stallone€Holding,€Incorporated,€13.€€Stallone€InternationalÏProperties;€14.€€The€Pitching€Post€Music€Group;€15.€€American€Steinwinter€TruckÏManufacturing,€Incorporated;€16.€€Stallone€Companies€of€Nevada,€and€unknown€defendants;Í17.€€X€Y€Z€Corporation€and,€18.€€John€Doe,.€€Also€named€as€a€defendant€was€19.€€SteinwinterÏModel€Truck.ÌÌà àThe€foregoing€plaintiffs€and€defendants€formed€case€no.€93,€3431„III€in€the€TrialÏCourt.€€On€December€17,€1993,€the€Trial€Court€appointed€David€S.€Weed€receiver€of€AmericanÏSteinwinter,€Inc.ÌÓÓÓÓÌÓÓò òÓ  ÓTRIAL€COURTòòÌÓÓCase€No.€94„1542„IIIÌÓ  Óó óóóà àOn€May€23,€1994,€Walter€Pressley€filed€a€petition€against€David€Weed,€Receiver€forÏAmerican€Steinwinter,€Inc.,€under€the€above€Trial€Court€number,€claiming€an€interest€in€or€titleÏto€a€certain€truck€and€seeking€to€restrain€the€seizure€of€the€truck€by€the€receiver.ÌÌà àOn€June€27,€1994,€the€Trial€Court€entered€an€order€consolidating€Trial€Court€cases€93„3431„III€(the€original€suit€of€òòWilliams,€et€al.,€v.€Stallone,€et€al.óó,€including€the€receivership)€andÏCase€No.€94„1542„III.€€(The€petition€for€stay€regarding€the€truck.)ÌÌòòò òÓ  ÓFurther€Proceedings€in€Consolidated€Casesó óóóÌÓ  Óà àOn€July€26,€1994,€the€original€plaintiffs€filed€claims€and€counter„claims€againstÏpetitioner,€Pressley.€ÌÌà àOn€August€24,€1994,€the€Trial€Court€granted€default€judgment€in€favor€of€the€originalÏplaintiffs€and€against€original€defendant€Stallone,€reserving€the€amount€of€damages.ÌÌà àOn€September€23,€1994,€the€Trial€Judge€granted€summary€judgment€denyingÏPressleyððs€claims€to€the€truck€and€requiring€him€to€surrender€it€and€all€other€receivershipÏproperty€to€the€receiver.ÌÌà àOn€November€30,€1994,€ð ðPlaintiffðð€moved€for€summary€judgment€œagainst€Claire›ÏPoppler.€€It€does€not€appear€that€a€memorandum€or€evidence€was€filed€with€said€motion.ÌÌà àOn€February€27,€1995,€the€Trial€Court€entered€summary€judgment€against€ClaireÏPoppler€in€favor€of€original€plaintiffs,€reserving€the€amount€of€damages.ÌÌà àOn€April€9,€1996,€the€Trial€Court€entered€judgment€in€favor€of€ð ðPlaintiffðð€againstÏPoppler€and€Stallone€under€the€Consumer€Protection€Act€for€œ$1,681,503.00.€€No€issuesÏremained€unresolved€in€respect€to€the€remaining€defendants€in€Trial€Court€case€no.€93„3431„III.›ÌÌà àOn€April€30,€1996,€the€Trial€Court€overruled€the€motion€of€Stallone€and€Poppler€œfor€a›Ïnew€trial.ÌÌà àOn€May€28,€1996,€the€Trial€Court€entered€final€judgment€against€Pressley€forÏ$560,501.21,€œcompensatory›€damages€trebled€under€the€Consumer€Protection€Act.ÌÌà àOn€May€29,€1996,€Claire€Poppler,€Salvatore€Stallone,€American€Steinwinter,€TruckÏManufacturing€Company€and€other€companies€owned€by€Salvatore€Stallone,€filed€notice€ofÏappeal.€€Appeal€bond€was€executed€only€by€Salvatore€Stallone€and€Claire€Poppler€as€principals.ÌÌà àOn€June€26,€1996,€ð ðDefendantsðð€filed€a€ð ðNotice€of€Request€to€Make€Part€of€Record€forÏAppeal.ððÌÌà àOn€the€same€date€ð ðDefendantsðð€filed€a€ð ðNotice€of€Request€to€Not€Make€Part€of€RecordÏfor€Appeal.ððÌÌà àOn€June€28,€1996,€Pressley€filed€a€notice€of€appeal€from€the€final€judgment€renderedÏagainst€him€on€May€28,€1996.€€ÌÌà àIt€appears€from€the€above€that€Case€No.€93„3431„III€was€terminated€by€final€judgmentÏagainst€Stallone€and€Poppler;€and€Case€No.€94„1542€was€terminated€on€May€28,€1996,€by€finalÏjudgment€against€Pressley;€so€that€final€judgment€in€the€consolidated€cases€œoccurred€on›€MayÏ28,€1996.€€See€TRCP€Rule€54.02.€€As€hereafter€explained,€the€fact€that€the€receivership€has€notÏbeen€terminated€does€not€delay€the€finality€of€the€judgments€mentioned€above€because€theÏœreceivership›€should€be€treated€as€a€separate€proceeding.ÌÌà àPressleyððs€notice€of€appeal€was€filed€on€June€28,€1996,€more€than€30€days€after€entryÏof€final€judgment€on€May€28,€1996.€€June€27,€1996,€occurred€on€a€Thursday,€so€that€noÏextension€of€the€30€days€for€filing€notice€resulted€from€the€occurrence€of€June€27,€1996€on€aÏSaturday€or€Sunday€as€provided€in€TRAP€Rule€4.€€The€30„day€rule€for€notices€of€appeal€isÏmandatory€and€jurisdictional€and€may€not€be€waived€TRAP€Rule€2,€òòJefferson€v.€PneumoÏService€Corporation,€óóTenn.€App.€1985,€699€S.W.2d€181òò;€John€Barb,€v.€Underwriters€atÏLloyds€of€Londonóó,€Tenn.€App.€1983,€653€S.W.2d€422.ÌÌà àThe€appeal€of€Walter€Pressley€is€not€properly€before€this€Court€and€must€be€dismissedÏat€the€cost€of€that€appellant,€and€all€his€filings€before€this€Court€must€be€disregarded.ÌÌà àThis€leaves€for€discussion€the€issues€presented€by€the€appellants,€Stallone€and€Poppler,Ïwhich€are:ÌÓÓà àà à1.à àWhether€or€not€the€Court€erred€in€striking€Mr.€StalloneððsÌà àà àpleadings€and€awarding€a€judgment€against€him.ÌÌà àà à2.à àWhether€€or€€not€€the€€Court€erred€in€granting€a€summaryÌà àà àjudgment€against€Claire€Poppler.ÌÌà àà à3.à àWhether€or€not€the€award€of€treble€damages€is€excessive.ÌÌà àà à4.à àWhether€or€not€the€Court€should€have€awarded€the€Stein„Ìà àà àwinter€prototype€truck€to€Scott€Ervin.ÌÌà àà à5.à àWhether€€or€€not€€the€€receiverððs€expenses€are€outrageousÌà àà àand€the€award€against€defendants€should€be€reduced.ÌÓÓà àà àÌò òÓ  ÓFirst€IssueÌòòStallone€Pleadings€and€œJudgment›€Against€Himóóó óÌÓÓÓÓÓ  Óà àà àÌœà àOn›€November€19,€1993,€an€order€was€entered€stating:ÌÓÓà àà àUpon€Motion€of€Plaintiff,€American€Steinwinter€Investor€Group,Ìà àà àfor€€and€€on€€behalf€of€American€Steinwinter,€Inc.,€for€temporaryÌà àà àrestraining€€€Order€€€and€€€for€€good€€cause€€shown,€€it€€is€€hereby€ÌÓÓà àà àORDERED€AND€DECREED:ÌÓÓà àà à1.à àRestrain€€defendants€€and€€each€€of€€them€€as€well€as€their€Ìà àà àattorneys,€€agents,€€or€€any€€and€€all€€persons€in€active€concert€or€Ìà àà àparticipation€€with€€them€€who€€receive€notice€of€this€order€fromÌà àà àtaking€€€€any€€€action€€€upon,€€€exercising€€€any€€€dominion€€€over,€Ìà àà àdestroying€€damaging,€€or€removing€from€the€jurisdiction€of€this€Ìà àà àCourt€€any€€ASI€€assets,€€intangibles,€€or€€other€€properties,€€any€Ìà àà àrecorded€€information€€of€€or€concerning€€ASI€€investors€as€con„Ìà àà àtained€€in€€any€€medium,€€including€computer€or€other€electronic€Ìà àà àdata,€€financial€€records,€and€corporate€records€of€ASI,€pending€Ìà àà àhearing€and€further€orders€of€this€Court.ÌÌà àà à2.à àThat€defendant€Stallone€€be€specifically€restrained€from€Ìà àà àtaking€€€any€€action€€upon,€€exercising€€any€€dominion€over,€des„Ìà àà àtroying,€€damaging,€€or€€removing€€from€€the€jurisdiction€of€this€Ìà àà àcourt€€any€€of€the€above„referenced€items,€pending€hearing€and€ÌÓÓà àà àfurther€orders€of€this€Court.ÌœÌà àOn€December€16,€1993,€the€Trial€Court€entered€an€order€reading€in€part€as€follows:ÌÓÓà àà àIt€€is€€therefore€€ORDERED€and€€DECREED€that€the€temporary€Ìà àà àrestraining€€order€€issued€€by€€this€€Court€on€November€19,€1993,€Ìà àà àbe€and€shall€hereby€remain€in€full€force€and€effect.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à„€„€„€„Ìà àà àThat€defendants€Stallone€and€Poppler€be€and€are€hereby€orderedÌà àà àto€€produce€the€records€called€for€in€the€subpoena€issued€in€con„Ìà àà àjunction€€with€€this€€temporary€injunction€hearing,€and€that€sameÌà àà àshall€€be€€produced€€for€€inspection€and€€copying€€at€€1101€€17th€ÌÓÓà àà àAvenue€South€at€1:00€p.m.€on€December€6,€1993.ÌÌ›à àOn€December€21,€1993,€the€receiver€filed€an€affidavit€stating:ÌÓÓà àà à4.à àOn€€€December€€19,€€1993,€€I€€personally€€observed€€the€Ìà àà àloading€of€œa›€moving€van€outside€the€offices€of€American€Stein„Ìà àà àwinter,€Inc.ÌÌà àà à5.à àItems€€€seen€€loaded€€onto€€the€€van€€included€€furniture,€Ìà àà àcomputers,€€electronic€€equipment,€major€appliances,€and€other€Ìà àà àpersonalty.€€The€€property€€was€then€taken€to€a€location€at€115Ìà àà à16th€€Avenue,€€South€€in€€Nashville€€where€€it€either€remains€or€Ìà àà àwas€further€removed€to€an€undetermined€location.ÌÌà àà àÌà àOn€April€12,€1994,€the€ð ðPlaintiffsðð€filed€the€following€motion:Ìà àà àÌà àà àThis€€motion€is€made€to€compel€Mr.€Walter€Pressley,€pursuant€Ìà àà àto€€Rule€30€and€Rule€34€of€€the€òòTennessee€€Rules€of€Civil€Pro„Ìà àà àcedureóó€€€to€€€produce€€€all€€€paper€€writings,€€earlier€€€requested€Ìà àà àpursuant€to€deposition€and€subpoena.ÌÌà àà àMr.€€Pressley€testified€at€deposition€that€he€had€documents€but€Ìà àà àdid€€not€€understand€€he€€was€to€produce€them€if€he€thought€we€Ìà àà àalready€€had€€them.€€Mr.€Pressley€later€filed€a€response€that€the€Ìà àà àdocuments€€are€€not€€in€€his€€ð ðsole€€possession.ðð€€€€See€attachedÌÓÓà àà àmemorandum.Ìà àà àThe€record€does€not€include€ð ðthe€attached€memorandum.ððÌÌœÌà àOn›€May€17,€1994,€ð ðPlaintiffðð€filed€the€following€motion:ÌÓÓà àà àThis€€motion€€is€made€to€compel€Mr.€Salvatore€Stallone,€€pur„Ìà àà àsuant€€to€€Rule€€30€€and€€Rule€€34€of€€the€òòTennessee€Rules€€of€Ìà àà àCivil€€Procedureóó€€to€€appear€and€produce€all€items€included€in€Ìà àà ànotices€for€his€deposition.ÌÌà àà àMr.€Stallone€was€noticed€for€a€deposition€for€May€12,€1994,€Ìà àà àat€9:30€a.m.€That€notice€required€production€of€certain€items€Ìà àà àin€connection€therewith.€€Mr.€Stallone€failed€to€attend,€failed€Ìà àà àto€produce€any€of€the€requested€items,€all€apparently€withoutÌÓÓà àà àany€valid€justification.ÌÓÓÓÓÌà àOn€June€14,€1994,€the€Trial€Court€entered€the€following€order:ÌÓÓà àà àUpon€€motion€€of€œ€Plaintiff€›€to€compel€œ€Mr.›€Salvatore€œStallone›€Ìà àà àœto€appear›€œand›€œproduce›€œall€›€items€€included€€in€€notices€€for€€hisÌà àà àdisposition,€and€for€sanctions,€and€pursuant€to€the€Local€Rule,Ìà àà àthe€Court€€is€of€the€opinion€that€the€motion€should€be€granted.Ìà àà àÌà àà àIt€€is€hereby€ORDERED€AND€DECREED€that€Mr.€SalvatoreÌà àà àStallone€€be€€and€€is€hereby€ordered€to€appear€at€the€offices€of€Ìà àà àLeitner,€€€Warner,€€Moffitt,€€Williams,€€Dooley,€€Carpenter€€&€Ìà àà àNapolitan€€on€€June€€16,€1994€at€9:00€a.m.€and€to€produce€the€Ìà àà àitems€previously€identified€int€he€notice€of€deposition.ÌÌà àà àIt€€is€€further€€ORDERED€€AND€€DECREED€€that€€the€€court€Ìà àà àreporterððs€€fees€€of€€$35.00€€and€attorneysðð€fees€of€$240.00€be€Ìà àà àand€are€hereby€assessed€against€defendant€Stallone,€for€whichÌÓÓà àà àexecution€may€issue€if€necessary.ÌÓÓÓÓÌà àOn€July€8,€1994,€the€ð ðattorneys€for€the€Defendantðð€filed€the€following€motion:ÌÓÓà àà àThis€€motion€œ€is€›€made€œ€for›€œ€sanction€›€of€œ€striking›€the€answer€ofÌà àà àdefendant€€Stallone,€and€entering€a€judgment€against€œdefendant›Ìà àà àœStallone,›€€œ€reserving€›€œ€the€€›€amount€œ€of›€œ€monetary›€œ€damages€€for›Ìà àà àœdetermination›€at€a€future€hearing.ÌÌà àà àDefendant€œ€Stallone›€œ€has€›€refused€œ€to€›€comply€œ€with›€this€courtððsÌà àà àorder€€œ€for€›€€œdiscovery.€›€€Therefore,€€this€€œextreme€›€€sanction€œ€€is›€ÌÓÓà àà àwarranted.ÌÌà àOn€July€18,€1994,€Stallone€filed€the€following€ð ðObjection€to€Sanctions:ððÌÓÓà àà àComes€€William€€Burton,€€attorney€€for€Salvatore€Stallone€and€Ìà àà àobjects€€to€€entering€€a€€judgment€€against€€Mr.€€Stallone.€€This€ÌÓÓà àà àextreme€action€is€not€warranted€at€this€time.à àÌÌà àOn€August€9,€1994,€the€Trial€Court€entered€the€following€order:ÌÓÓà àà àUpon€œ€motion›€of€plaintiff€for€sanction€of€striking€pleadings€ofÌà àà àdefendant€Stallone€and€entering€a€judgment€against€defendantÌà àà àStallone,€the€court€is€of€the€opinion€that€relief€should€be€Ìà àà àgranted.ÌÌà àà àIT€€€IS€€€THEREFORE€€ORDERED€€AND€€DECREED€€that€Ìà àà àdefendant€€Stallone€€shall€appear€on€August€18,€1994,€at€9:00Ìà àà àa.m.€€at€€the€€offices€€of€€Leitner,€€Warner,€Moffitt,€23rd€Floor€Ìà àà àFirst€€€American€€€Center,€€Nashville,€€Tennessee€€37238,€€and€Ìà àà àproduce€€all€€items€€included€on€notice€for€his€deposition€pre„Ìà àà àviously€€served€€on€€defendantððs€€counsel.€€€That€€upon€€failureÌà àà àto€€fully€€comply,€€it€€will€€be€€the€€order€€of€this€court€to€grant€Ìà àà àMotion€for€Sanctions,€strike€the€answer€of€defendant€Stallone€Ìà àà àand€€enter€€a€€judgment€against€defendant€Stallone€and€enter€a€Ìà àà àjudgment€€against€defendant€Stallone€reserving€the€amount€of€Ìà àà àmonetary€damages€for€determination€at€a€future€hearing.ÌÌÌà àOn€August€24,€1994,€the€Trial€Court€entered€the€following€order:ÌÌà àà àPursuant€to€this€Courtððs€order€that€upon€failure€of€DefendantÌà àà àStallone€to€appear€on€August€18,€1994,€at€9:00€a.m.€and€pro„Ìà àà àduce€€œall€›€items€œ€included›€œ€on›€Notice€for€his€Deposition€which€Ìà àà àœwas€›€previously€€served€€upon€€Defendantððs€œ€counsel,€›€and€the€Ìà àà àCourt€œ€being›€œ€advised›€œ€that›€€Defendant€€Stallone€œ€has›€failed€to€Ìà àà àappear,ÌÌà àà àIT€€IS,€œ€THEREFORE›€€ORDERED,€€œ€and›€œ€›€DECREED€œ€that›€Ìà àà àPlaintiffððs€œ€›€motion€€for€€sanction€€to€€strike€œ€the€›€œPleading€›€ofÌà àà àDefendant€€œ€Stallone€›€€and€œ€›€œenter€›€€a€€judgment€€in€€€favor€€ofÌà àà àPlaintiff,€€œ€American€›€€œSteinwinter€›€€œInvestor€›€€Group€€againstÌà àà àDefendant€€€œ€Stallone›€€€be€€€and€€€œ€is›€œ€›€€œhereby€›€€granted.€€€The€Ìà àà àamount€€of€€monetary€€damages€is€reserved€for€œdetermination›ÌÓÓà àà àœat›€a€future€hearing.ÌÌà àOn€April€2,€1996,€Stallone€and€Poppler€filed€the€following€motion:ÌÓÓà àà àComes€€Salvatore€€Stallone€€and€€Claire€œ€Poppler€›€and€œ€move›Ìà àà àCourt€€for€€a€€new€€trial€œor€›€œto€›€œalter€›€or€amend€the€judgments€Ìà àà àœgranted€›€on€œ€March›€œ€29th,›€1996,€concerning€damages€againstÌà àà àMs.€€Poppler€€and€€Mr.€€Stallone,€€œ€award›€€of€€œfees€›€œto€›€David€Ìà àà àWeed€œand›€œdisposition›€œof›€œthe›€Steinwinter€truck.€€Reasons€œ€are›Ìà àà àœset›€for€in€the€attached€memorandum.ÌÓÓà àà àÌà àThe€record€does€not€contain€an€order€entered€on€March€29,€1996.ÌÌà àOn€April€4,€1996,€counsel€for€Stallone€and€Poppler€filed€an€affidavit€that€he€hadÏnotified€opposing€counsel€of€his€need€to€appear€in€a€court€in€an€adjoining€county€on€March€29,Ï1996,€and€that€he€arrived€after€the€Trial€Court€had€adjourned€because€of€heavy€highway€trafficÏand€construction.ÌÌà àOn€April€9,€1996,€the€Trial€Court€entered€judgment€against€Stallone€and€Poppler€underÏthe€Consumer€Protection€Act€for€$1,681,503.00.ÌÌà àTRCP€Rule€37€provides€in€pertinent€part€as€follows:ÌÓÓÌà àà àò ò37.01.€€Motion€for€Order€Compelling€Discoveryó ó.€„€A€party,Ìà àà àupon€€€reasonable€€€notice€€€to€€other€€parties€€and€€all€€persons€Ìà àà àaffected€thereby,€may€apply€for€an€order€compelling€discoveryÌà àà àas€follows:Ìà àà àà àà àà à„€„€„€„Ìà àà à(2)€MOTION.€€If€€a€€deponent€€fails€to€answer€a€question€pro„Ìà àà àpounded€€or€€submitted€€under€Rule€30€or€31,€or€a€corporationÌà àà àor€other€entity€fails€to€make€a€designation€under€Rule€30.02(6)€Ìà àà àor€€31.01,€or€a€party€fails€to€answer€an€interrogatory€submitted€Ìà àà àunder€€Rule€€33,€€or€€if€€a€€party,€€in€€response€€to€€a€request€for€Ìà àà àinspection€€€submitted€€under€€Rule€€34,€€fails€€to€€respond€€that€Ìà àà àinspection€will€be€for€inspection€submitted€under€Rule€34,€fails€Ìà àà àto€€respond€€that€€inspection€€will€€be€permitted€as€requested€or€Ìà àà àfails€€to€€permit€€inspection€€as€requested,€the€discovering€party€Ìà àà àmay€move€for€an€order€compelling€an€answer,€or€a€designation,Ìà àà àor€€€an€€order€€compelling€€inspection€€in€€accordance€€with€€the€Ìà àà àrequest.€€€When€€taking€€a€€deposition€€on€oral€examination,€the€Ìà àà àproponent€€€of€€€the€€€question€€€may€€€complete€€or€€adjourn€€the€Ìà àà àexamination€before€applying€for€an€order.Ìà àà àà àà àà à„€„€„€„Ìà àà àò ò37.02.€€Failure€to€Comply€with€Orderó ó.€If€a€deponent;€a€party;€Ìà àà àan€€officer,€€director,€or€managing€agent€of€a€party;€or,€a€person€Ìà àà àdesignated€€under€€Rule€€30.02(6)€€or€€31.01€to€testify€on€behalf€Ìà àà àof€€a€party€fails€to€obey€an€order€to€provide€or€permit€discovery,Ìà àà àincluding€€an€€order€€made€€under€Rule€37.01€or€Rule€35,€or€if€a€Ìà àà àparty€fails€to€obey€an€order€entered€under€Rule€26.06,€the€courtÌà àà àin€€which€€the€action€is€pending€may€make€such€orders€in€regard€Ìà àà àto€the€failure€as€are€just,€and€among€others€the€following:€Ìà àà à€€Ìà àà à(A)€€An€€order€€that€€the€€matters€regarding€which€the€order€was€Ìà àà àmake€€or€€any€€other€designated€facts€shall€be€taken€to€the€estab„Ìà àà àlished€€for€€the€€purposes€€of€€the€€action€€in€accordance€with€the€€Ìà àà àclaim€of€the€party€obtaining€the€order;Ìà àà à(B)€€An€order€refusing€to€allow€the€disobedient€party€to€supportÌà àà àor€€oppose€€designated€€claims€€or€€defenses,€€or€€prohibiting€that€Ìà àà àparty€from€introducing€designated€matters€in€evidence;Ìà àà à(C)€€An€€order€€striking€out€pleadings€or€parts€thereof,€or€stayingÌà àà àfurther€€€proceedings€€until€€the€€order€€is€€obeyed,€€or€€dismissing€Ìà àà àthe€€action€€or€€proceeding€€or€€any€€part€€thereof,€€or€œrendering›€a€Ìà àà àjudgment€by€default€against€the€disobedient€party;Ìà àà àà àà àà à„€„€„€„Ìà àà à(E)€Where€a€party€has€failed€to€comply€with€an€order€under€RuleÌà àà à35.01€€requiring€€the€€party€€to€€produce€€another€for€examination,€Ìà àà àsuch€€orders€€as€€are€listed€in€paragraphs€(A),€(B),€and€(C)€of€this€Ìà àà àrule,€€unless€€the€€party€€failing€to€comply€shows€that€he€or€she€is€Ìà àà àunable€to€produce€such€person€for€examination.ÌÌÌà àà àò ò37.04.€€Failure€of€Party€to€Attend€at€Own€Deposition€oró ó€ò òServeÌà àà àAnswers€€€to€€€Interrogatories€€€or€€€Respond€€to€€Requests€€for€Ìà àà àInspectionó ó.€€„€If€€a€party€or€an€officer,€director,€or€managing€agent€Ìà àà àof€€a€party€or€a€person€designated€under€Rule€30.02(6)€or€31.01€to€Ìà àà àtestify€€on€€behalf€€of€€a€€party€€fails€(1)€to€appear€before€the€officer€Ìà àà àwho€is€€to€take€his€or€her€deposition,€after€being€served€with€a€pro„Ìà àà àper€notice,€or€(2)€€to€serve€answers€or€objections€to€interrogatories€Ìà àà àsubmitted€€under€€Rule€€33,€€after€€proper€€service€of€€the€interroga„Ìà àà àtories,€or€(3)€to€serve€a€written€response€to€a€request€for€inspection€Ìà àà àsubmitted€€under€€Rule€€34,€€after€proper€service€of€the€request,€the€Ìà àà àcourt€€in€€which€€the€€action€€is€€pending€€on€motion€may€make€such€Ìà àà àorders€€in€€regard€to€the€failure€as€are€just,€and€among€others€it€may€Ìà àà àtake€€any€€action€€authorized€under€paragraphs€(A),€(B),€and€(C)€of€Ìà àà àRule€37.02.€€€ÌÌÓÓÌà àIt€clearly€appears€from€the€record€that€Stallone€was€guilty€of€flagrant€disregard€of€theÏRules€and€Orders€of€the€Court,€and€that€severe€sanctions€were€in€order.€€It€also€clearly€appearsÏfrom€the€record€that€Stallone€was€guilty€of€overt€refusal€to€disclose€serious€breaches€of€faith€ofÏthe€corporate€officers€and€directors€in€the€misuse€and/or€abstraction€of€the€contributions€ofÏstockholders,€and€that€his€persistent€resistance€to€discovery€efforts€were€his€means€of€evadingÏhis€liability€for€his€misconduct.€€The€sanctions€imposed€against€him€by€the€Trial€Court€wereÏappropriate€and€well€deserved.€€The€amount€of€the€judgment€against€Stallone€is€supported€by€aÏpreponderance€of€the€evidence.€€No€ground€of€reversal€is€presented€by€appellants€first€issue.Ì€€Ìò òÓÓÓ  ÓSecond€IssueÌÌòòThe€Summary€Judgment€Against€Claire€Poppleróó€ÌÌòòon€January€3,€1994óóó óÌÓÓÓ  ÓÌà àAlthough€the€motion€for€summary€judgment€contains€no€reference€to€supportingÏevidence,€the€record€does€contain€the€ð ðAnswer€and€Third€Party€Complaint,ðð€filed€by€ClaireÏPoppler€on€July€11,€1994,€which€includes€the€following:ÌÓÓà àà à1.à àPlaintiff€€American€€Steinwinter€€Investors€Group€is€Ìà àà àcomprised€of€€six€people€who€have€stated€that€they€are€for„Ìà àà àvalue€€investors€€in€€ASI.€€(ð ðASIðð),€€is€€a€public€corporation€Ìà àà àregistered€€€and€€operated€€from€€the€€State€of€Utah.€€Claire€Ìà àà àPoppler€is€the€President€of€ASI.ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà à„€„€„€„ÌÌà àà àPlaintiff€Benjamin€O.€Williams€invested€$48,013.60€on€JulyÌà àà à14,€€1993,€€into€€a€€Tennessee€€Corporation€€Cross€CountryÌà àà àTour,€€touring€€a€€new€experimental€truck€built€in€Germany.€€Ìà àà àAfter€€€investing€€€into€€€the€€€tour,€€€Plaintiff€€Williams€€was€Ìà àà àapparently€given€privately€owned€voting€stock€registered€in€Ìà àà àthe€name€of€(ASI).Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à„€„€„€„ÌÌà àà àPlaintiff€€Mr.€€Mitchell€€Breedlove€€invested€€$7,484.38€€on€Ìà àà àApril€€2,€€1993,€€into€€a€€Tennessee€€Corporation.€€€Plaintiff€Ìà àà àBreedlove€€invested€€another€$4,531.25€on€April€16,€1993,€Ìà àà àinto€€the€€same€€Tennessee€Corporation.€€On€June€6,€1993,€Ìà àà àPlaintiff€€€Breedlove€€purchased€€from€€another€€Tennessee€Ìà àà àCorporation€€the€€Dealership€€rights€€to€€the€State€of€North€Ìà àà àCarolina€€for€€$145,000.00.€€The€€Plaintiff€€was€€apparently€Ìà àà àGiven€privately€owned€voting€stock€registered€in€the€name€Ìà àà àof€ASI.€ÌÌà àà àPlaintiff€€€Mr.€€David€€Riddle€€invested€€$12,667.00€€into€€a€Ìà àà àTennessee€Corporation.€The€Plaintiff€was€apparently€givenÌà àà àprivately€owned€voting€stock€registered€in€the€name€of€ASI.ÌÌà àà àPlaintiff€€Mr.€€Gregory€€V.€€Watson€€invested€$5,000.00€on€Ìà àà àSeptember€€3,€€1993,€into€a€Tennessee€Corporations€CrossÌà àà àCounty€€Tour,€€touring€€a€€new€€experimental€truck€built€in€Ìà àà àGermany.€€€After€€investing€€into€the€tour,€Plaintiff€WatsonÌà àà àwas€€given€€free,€€privately€€owned€€stock€€registered€in€the€Ìà àà àname€of€(ASI).Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à„€„€„€„ÌÌà àà à2.à àASIððs€€€address€is€€not€€1103€€17th€€Avenue€South,€Ìà àà àNashville,€€€Tennessee.€€€The€€last€€recorded€€address€€wasÌà àà àLeightway€Drive,€Richmond,€Kentucky.Ìà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à„€„€„€„ÌÌà àà à22.à àRefers€€€to€€€(ASI)€€€receiving€€€investor€€€funds€€€of€Ìà àà à$1,500.00.€€(ASI)€€never€€had€€any€€investors€and€therefore€Ìà àà à(ASI)€never€received€the€suggested€capital.€€It€is€estimatedÌà àà àthat€the€total€shareholders€in€(ASI)€from€1983/1993€is€514.€€Ìà àà àASI€€has€€no€€bank€€accounts€€and€€could€not€possibly€have€Ìà àà àreceived€those€funds.ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà à„€„€„€„ÌÌà àà àNow,€€assuming€€the€€role€€of€a€Third€Party€Plaintiff,€ClaireÌà àà àPoppler€sues€the€receiver€David€Weed€for€the€return€of€her€Ìà àà à1990€€Jaguar€€Vanden€€Plas€XJ6€automobile€which€is€in€his€Ìà àà àcustody€€and€€for€€the€loss€of€use€of€her€automobile€since€it€€Ìà àà àhas€€been€€in€€his€custody.€€That€the€automobile€has€a€value€Ìà àà àof€€$28,000.00.€€€That€€her€loss€of€use€claim€equal€$200.00€Ìà àà àper€week.€€ÌÌà àà àThis€vehicle€was€purchased€in€June,€1993,€at€the€request€ofÌà àà àMs.€€Poppler€€as€partial€payment€for€her€salary€and€benefitsÌà àà àowed€€to€€her€as€an€employee€of€Minestar€Corporation€and€Ìà àà àDiversified€€Leverage€Corporation.€€She€began€working€for€Ìà àà àMr.€€Stalloneððs€€companies€€in€€June€€1992,€with€a€salary€of€Ìà àà à$500.00€per€week,€plus€expenses.€€She€agreed€to€defer€anyÌà àà àpayment€€€of€€€wages€€€until€€the€€companies€€became€€more€Ìà àà àfinancially€€sound.€€In€€February,€€1993,€she€began€working€ÌÓÓà àà àfor€ASTM,€a€Tennessee€corporation.ÌÌà àThe€foregoing€admissions€of€Poppler,€œare›€competent€evidence€against€her.€€HerÏdeposition€is€cited€in€the€brief€of€counsel,€but€it€is€not€listed€in€the€certificate€of€the€Trial€ClerkÏor€found€in€the€record.ÌÌà àThe€record€contains€the€deposition€of€Klaus„Dieter€Lemke€in€which€he€testified:ÌÓÓà àà àQ.€€€€Before€we€break,€too,€I€want€you€to€tell€me€who€allÌà àà àwas€involved€in€promoting€and€getting€in€the€money€from€Ìà àà àthe€investors€and€getting€the€stock€certificates€out.Ìà àà àÌà àà àA.€€€€As€€far€€as€I€understand€from€„„€the€main€person,€the€Ìà àà àkey€person€to€bring€in€the€money€was€Walter€Presley.€He€Ìà àà àhad€all€the€contacts€and€he€was€the€„„€he€had€the€persona„Ìà àà àlity€€to€€„„€€he€€was€€able€€to€€do€€it,€€to€€talk€€to€€people,€to€Ìà àà àconvince€€them,€€to€€make€€them€€interested€€in€the€project€Ìà àà àand€then€he€prepared.ÌÌà àà àHe€€made€€the€€proposals,€made€the€negotiations,€most€of€Ìà àà àthem€€on€€phone€€and€all€that€either€they€met€or€they€did€itÌà àà àon€fax,€but€it€was€signed€by€Stallone€all€the€time.ÌÌà àà àIððm€€not€€sure,€€but€I€think€the€principal€was€that€the€mainÌà àà àstockholders€€who€€came€in,€for€instance,€Mitch€Tate€who€Ìà àà àcame€€in€€in€a€very€early€time,€at€a€very€early€time,€tried€toÌà àà àfind€other€persons€so€worked€like€a€snowball.ÌÌà àà àOne€person€here€and€he€tries€to€find€another€person,€then€Ìà àà àthey€€give€€the€€contacts€to€Walter,€and€Walter€started€his€Ìà àà àjob€again.ÌÌà àà àThat€€was€€the€way€it€went€and€so€in€North€Carolina€in€a€Ìà àà àconcentration,€€around€€the€€Shreveport€appropriate€area,€Ìà àà àand€I€€knew€there€was€a€concentration€in€Dallas,€but€I€did€Ìà àà ànot€€know€€the€€persons,€€and€€there€€was€€a€concentration€Ìà àà àaround€Mitch€Tate€that€I€knew.€€That€was€how€it€worked.ÌÌà àà àWhat€€we€€did€„„€for€instance,€at€the€fair€or€outside€on€the€Ìà àà àroad€€and€truck€stops€or€wherever€it€was,€if€someone€wasÌà àà àinterested,€€we€€only€€gave€€the€business€cards€or€the€post„Ìà àà àcards.€€We€€had€€an€€address€€and€a€contact€phone€number€Ìà àà àwas€œon›€€it,€and€we€talked€about€a€truck€to€the€people€and€Ìà àà àtold€œthem›€œ€just€›€think€œ€about,›€if€you€want€something,€œcon„Ìà àà àtact›€œthem›€and€they€will€give€you€the€material,€whatever.ÌÌà àà àBut€€it€€was€€really€€in€€the€€hands€of€doing€this€„„€most€of€Ìà àà àthe€€time€in€the€hands€of€Walter€Presley.€€He€did€the€main€Ìà àà àpart€€in€doing€it€and€in€deciding€and€bringing€in€the€signa„Ìà àà àœture€›€and€œ€the€›€œcontracts.€›€œLater›€œClaire›€did€it,€too,€but€she€œÌà àà àdid›€œÓÓwhat›€he€said.ÌÌà àUnless€by€admissible€contradictory€evidence,€the€admissions€of€Ms.€Poppler€in€herÏpleading€and€the€testimony€of€Mr.€Lempke€justify€a€summary€judgment€against€Ms.€Poppler.€ÏHer€brief€cites€various€parts€of€her€testimony€none€of€which€denies€her€participation€in€theÏsolicitation€of€investments€and€her€knowledge€of€the€wrongful€plan€to€seek€the€investments.ÌÌà àThe€deposition€of€Ms.€Poppler€contains€the€following:ÌÓÓà àà àQ.€€€€What€€Iððm€€trying€to€get€to€is€your€involvement€with€Ìà àà àthis€particular€project.€€And€what€I€think€Iððm€hearing€you€Ìà àà àsay€œ€is€›€œthat€›€œyour€›€œinvolvement€›€œwas€›€limited€œ€basically€›€toÌà àà àsending€œ€out€›€œthese€›€œletters,€›€doing€clerical€work,€cleaningÌà àà àthe€office,€under€the€direction€of€Mr.€Stallone,€plus€doingÌà àà àtransfer€stock€certificates?ÌÌà àà àA.€€€€Yes.Ìà àà àÌà àà àQ.€€€€Is€there€anything€else€that€you€did€in€this€operation?Ìà àà àÌà àà àA.€€€€No.ÌÌà àà àQ.€€€€And€€as€€president€œ€of›€American€Steinwinter€of€Utah,Ìà àà àdid€€you€really€conduct€any€active€company€business€or€isÌà àà àthat€€just€€a€€position€€that€somebody€told€you,€well,€now,€Ìà àà àyouððre€president?ÌÌà àà àA.€€€€œThe€›€company€œ€was€›€œinactive€›€œso€›€there€was€no€activeÌà àà àbusiness€to€conduct.ÌÌà àà àQ.€€€€What€did€you€do€there€all€day€long?ÌÌà àà àA.€€€€Typed,€I€answered€the€phone,€I€cleaned,€I€went€to€theÌà àà àbank€once€in€a€while,€I€picked€up€the€mail€once€in€a€while.ÌÌà àà àQ.€€€€Then€you€did€œgo€to›€the€bank?ÌÌà àà àA.€€€€Yes.ÌÌà àà àQ.€€€€Which€bank€was€that?ÌÌà àà àA.€€€€œI›€œ€dropped›€œ€deposits€›€œat€›€œFirst€American›€and€I€believe€Ìà àà àFirst€Union.ÌÌà àà àQ.€€€€You€said€you€dropped€deposits?ÌÌà àà àA.€€€€Yes.Ìà àà àÌà àà àQ.€€€€For€what€company?ÌÌà àà àA.€€€€American€Steinwinter€Truck€Manufacturing.ÌÌà àà àQ.€€€€What€deposits€did€you€drop€at€the€bank?ÌÌà àà àœA.€€€€Just›€whatever€Mr.€Pressley€needed€dropped.ÌÌà àà àQ.€€€€Where€did€you€get€those€deposits?ÌÌà àà àA.€€€€From€Mr.€Pressley.ÌÌà àà àœQ.€€€€Where›€€did€€he€€get€€those€deposits?€€I€mean€what€areÌà àà àyou€talking€about,€cash€deposits?ÌÌà àà àA.€€€€No,€checks.ÌÌà àà àQ.€€€€Where€did€the€checks€come€from?ÌÌà àà àA.€€€€This€is€kind€of€stupid,€but€they€came€from€this€thing€Ìà àà àcalled€ð ðtracing€Elvis.ððÌÌà àà àQ.€€€€And€that€went€into€American€Truck€Manufacturing?ÌÌà àà àA.€€€€No.€That€would€have€gone€into€the€truck€manufacturing.ÌÌà àà àQ.€€€€You€told€me€it€did€a€minute€ago.ÌÌà àà àA.€€€€No.€€œI›€œ€told€›€œyou€›€I€did€deposits€for€Mr.€Pressley€into€the€Ìà àà àtrucking€company.€€ÌÌà àà àQ.€€€€Exactly.ÌÌà àà àA.€€€€And€œ€then€›€œI›€œ€said€›€œthe€›€checks€œI€›€remembered€were€from€Ìà àà àœð ðtracing€›€Elvis,ðð€œ€but€›€œthat€›€œwas€›€œa€›€different€account.€€And€the€Ìà àà àbanking€I€did€would€have€been€checks€signed€by€Mr.€Stallone€Ìà àà àfor€œ€cash,›€œ€for€›€œpayroll€›€œor€›€checks€from€different€accounts€into€Ìà àà àthat€account.€€ÌÓÓÌÓÓÓÓà àAlthough€œMs.›€Poppler€ððs€deposition€generally€denies€solicitation€or€receipt€of€funds,€itÏadmits€specific€activities€as€president€of€the€subject€corporation€which€subject€her€œto›€liability€forÏknowing€participation€in€the€execution€of€the€scheme€of€Stallone€and€Pressley.à àà àÌÓÓÓÓÌà àThe€foregoing€uncontradicted€evidence€is€sufficient€as€a€matter€of€law€to€entitleÏð ðPlaintiffs,ðð€ergo€the€receiver,€to€judgment€against€Poppler€as€a€participant€in€fraudulentÏactivities€in€violation€of€The€Consumer€Protection€Act€which€authorizes€the€award€of€trebleÏdamages€to€the€victims€of€€ð ðengaging€in€any€other€act€or€practice€which€is€deceptive€to€theÏconsumer€or€any€other€personðð€€TCA€ðððð€47„18„104(b)€(26);€47„18„109.ÌÌÓÓò òÓ  ÓThird€IssueÌÌòòExcessiveness€of€Awardóóó óÌÓÓÓ  ÓÌà àIt€is€clear€from€the€evidence€that€the€appellants€were€willing€and€knowing€participants€inÏan€activity€which€by€deception€induced€a€large€number€of€investors€to€part€with€a€total€ofÏ$560,501.21€which,€it€appears,€will€represent€a€total€loss€to€them€unless€there€should€be€aÏrecovery€of€the€judgments€and€distribution€by€the€receiver.€€ÌÌà àThe€amount€of€the€judgment€against€the€appellants€is€not€œexcessive.›ÌÌÓÓò òÓ  ÓFourth€IssueÌÌòòRelease€of€Truck€to€Scott€Ervinóóó óÌÓÓÓ  ÓÌà àThe€model€truck€was€attached€and€held€in€the€custody€of€the€receiver€until€December€8,Ï1995,€when€the€receiver€moved€the€Trial€Court€for€permission€to€release€the€truck€to€ScottÏErvin,€designer€of€Steinwinter€International€Corporation,€exhibiting€a€certificate€of€title€of€saidÏcorporation.ÌÌà àWilliam€Burton,€attorney€for€Salvatore€Stallone€filed€an€ð ðObjection€to€Motionðð€stating:€Ïð ðIn€support€of€the€motion€is€the€attached€memorandum.ðð€€The€record€contains€no€memorandumÏor€evidence€supporting€said€objection.ÌÌà àNo€error€is€found€in€the€authorization€to€release€the€truck.€€ÌÌò òÓ  ÓFifth€IssueÌòòExpenses€of€the€Receiveróóó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€receiver€reported€receipts€of€$148,297.48€and€disbursements€of€$138,035.36,Ïleaving€$10,262.12€cash€on€deposit.€€This€report€was€approved€by€the€Trial€Court€on€April€9,Ï1996.€€However,€the€record€contains€no€evidence€that€a€final€adjudication€has€been€made€of€allÏissues€involving€the€receivership€which€is€regarded€as€a€proceeding€separate€and€apart€from€theÏsubjects€of€this€appeal.€€At€any€time€prior€to€the€entry€of€a€final€order€terminating€theÏreceivership€and€discharging€the€receiver,€all€actions€of€the€Trial€Court€in€relation€to€the€receiverÏare€subject€to€revision€by€the€Trial€Court€TRCP€Rule€54.02.€€It€would€therefore€be€prematureÏfor€this€Court€to€review€the€interlocutory€decisions€of€the€Trial€Court€in€respect€to€theÏreceivership€which€on€remand€should€be€bifurcated€under€a€new€separate€case€number€forÏfurther€proceeding€with€full€opportunity€to€all€interested€parties€to€request€revisions€and€toÏappeal€from€the€actions€of€the€Trial€Court€upon€such€requests.€€ÌÌà àA€casual€examination€of€the€reports€of€the€receiver€will€disclose€parts€of€his€reportsÏwhich€should€be€adequately€explained€in€the€record,€and€if€necessary,€œthe›€approval€of€some€ofÏthe€expenses€included€in€said€œreports€should€be€revised.›€€ÌÌœÌÌÌÌÌ›à àThe€judgments€against€the€appellants€Stallone€and€Poppler€are€affirmed€at€their€cost.€ÏThe€appeal€of€Walter€Pressley€is€dismissed€at€his€cost.€€These€consolidated€causes€areÏremanded€to€the€Trial€Court€for€appropriate€further€proceedings.ÌÓÓò òÓ  ÓÔ€¼ÔÌÌÓ  ÓAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDED.ó óÔ€XÔÌÓ  Óà àà àÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà à___________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àHENRY€F.€TODDÌà àà àà àà àà àà àPRESIDING€JUDGE,€MIDDLE€SECTIONÌÌÌÌÌÌÌCONCURS:ÌÌÌ____________________________ÌSAMUEL€L.€LEWIS,€JUDGEÌÌÌ____________________________ÌBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGE