ÿWPC= …# VU:a %› 0(¡b Éw@Õ4 ) 0l8 0D¤ è 0Jð 0T: 0^Ž 0hì 0rT 0|Æ 0†B 0È 1uX U,Í 0dù U,]U *‰B)³ BÜDCù AM< ‰>–v~Ô D3RvÓ… 0@X AO˜Æç 0D­ D/ñ B ˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 ,†r‰AZ‹"Arial RegularX($¡¡- ù - ã äå æçèDéêDëÓ€õDÒ 3|xõ((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d d####7Border 1dd€-%Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€"ÔÝ  ÝÔ€"ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€"XÔÌÌJune€19,€1996ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó 4Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€"ÔÝ  ÝÒ € ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€"ôÔÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€The€Charter€of€the€Town€of€Byrdstown,€Tennessee€is€found€at€Private€Acts€1917,€ch.€815,ÏHouse€Bill€No.€1298.€€ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`$$$$'ÿÿdxdStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€!!X„d&ÓÑ#€!!Xd#ÑÔ€"ÔÝ  ÝÒ € ÒÒ „ ÒÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€·¦XXdædÈ7ÑEVERETT€ASBERRY,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àPlaintiff/Appellee,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àAppeal€No.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à01„A„01„9511„CH„00515ÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àPickett€ChanceryÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€1812ÌÙ€€ÙßL€&'%;+'h|¸ýC` ç `€€LßDEBORAH€GARRETT,€à àà àà à)ÌREX€TOMPKINS,€present€mayor€of€theà à)ÌTown€of€Byrdstown€and€the€TOWNà à)ÌALDERMEN,€and/or€GOVERNINGà à)ÌBODY€OF€SAID€TOWN,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àDefendants/Appellants.à àà à)ÌÌÌÌà@ àCOURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àMIDDLE€SECTION€AT€NASHVILLEÌÌÌÌAPPEALED€FROM€THE€CHANCERY€COURT€OF€PICKETT€COUNTYÌAT€BYRDSTOWN,€TENNESSEEÌÌTHE€HONORABLE€VERNON€NEAL,€CHANCELLORÌÌÌÌÌÌJ.€STEVE€DANIELSÌP.€O.€Box€13ÌLivingston,€Tennessee€38570Ìà àAttorney€for€Plaintiff/AppelleeÌÌJOHN€H.€LITTLEÌP.€O.€Box€397ÌLivingston,€Tennessee€38570Ìà àAttorney€for€Defendants/AppellantsÌÌÌÌÌÌà@ àAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌTODD,€P.J.,€M.S.ÌKOCH,€J.ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà@ àò òòòÔ€"„ÔO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óóóÔ€"XÔÌÔ€" Ô›à@ àòòÔ€"XÔò òIntroductionóóó óÌÌœà à›à àThis€appeal€involves€a€contested€election.€€On€August€4,€1994,€theÏTown€of€Byrdstown,€Tennessee€held€a€mayoral€election€which€the€Appellant,ÏDeborah€Garrett,€won.€€On€August€12,€1994,€Everett€Asberry,€the€Appellee,€filedÏsuit€to€contest€the€election€in€Chancery€Court€for€Pickett€County.€€Mr.€AsberryÏclaimed€that€Mrs.€Garrett€did€not€reside€in€Byrdstown€as€required€by€the€TownÏCharter,€and€thus€Mrs.€Garrett€failed€to€qualify€as€a€candidate.× ƒ( ××  ×€€ÌÌœà à›à àThe€chancery€court,€sitting€without€a€jury,€concluded€on€SeptemberÏ27,€1994,€that€Mr.€Asberry€had€proven€that€Ms.€Garrett€did€not€reside€in€Byrdstown,Ïand€thus€was€ineligible.€€The€chancery€court€declared€the€election€void€andÏvacated€the€office€of€mayor.€€On€appeal,€Ms.€Garrett€takes€issue€with€the€chanceryÏcourtððs€conclusions€that€she€did€not€reside€in€Byrdstown.€€We€have€determinedÏthat€the€chancery€court€decided€the€case€correctly,€and€therefore€affirm€itsÏdecision.ÌÌà@ àò òòòThe€FactsÌÌœà à›à àóóó óOn€August€4,€1994,€the€Town€of€Byrdstown,€Tennessee€held€anÏelection€for€the€office€of€mayor.€€Two€of€the€candidates€for€the€office€were€DeborahÏGarrett,€and€Everett€Asberry.€€Mrs.€Garrett€won€the€election€by€a€clear€margin.€€OnÏAugust€12,€1994,€Mr.€Asberry€filed€a€pleading€styled,€ð ðPetition€to€Contest€theÏElection,ðð€alleging€that€Mrs.€Garrett€did€not€€reside€within€the€townððs€corporateÏlimits€as€required€by€the€Town€Charter.€€€€€€€ò òòòà àó óóóÌÌœà à›à àMs.€Garrett€was€born€and€raised€outside€Byrdstown€in€PickettÏCounty,€Tennessee.€€She€€married€her€husband€in€1977,€and€they€lived€inÏMemphis€while€they€each€finished€€school.€€In€1980,€they€moved€to€Byrdstown€andÏpurchased€a€downtown€drug€store.€€The€store€contained€living€quarters€which€theÏGarretts€utilized€until€1984,€when€the€store€œburned.›€€The€Garretts€then€moved€theirÍbusiness€to€another€location€within€the€Byrdstown€corporate€limits,€and€beganÏliving€in€a€Byrdstown€subdivision.€ÌÌœà à›à àIn€1986,€the€Garretts€bought€œa€farm›€2.8€miles€outside€the€corporateÏlimits€of€Byrdstown.€€œThe€Garretts€lived€in€an€older€house€on€the€farm€until€1993Ïwhen€they€completed€the€construction€of€a€new€3,000€square€foot€home.›€€œMrs.›ÏGarrett€claimed€at€trial€that€since€the€œpurchase›€of€the€œfarm›€in€1986,€she€had€sleptÏin€the€new€or€old€farmhouse€ð ðprobably€over€ninety€percent€of€the€time.ðð€€ÌÌœà à›à àThe€pharmacy€the€Garretts€bought€after€their€first€pharmacy€burnedÏhad€a€living€space€or€break€room€in€it€which€Mrs.€Garrett€claimed€as€her€residenceÏat€the€time€of€the€election.€€The€pharmacy€space€contains€two€microwave€ovens,Ïbut€no€stove€or€range€ovens€and€the€room€has€some€bathroom€facilities,€but€noÏtub€or€shower.€€€Other€amenities€œincluded›€televisions,€a€hospital€bed,€and€anÏassortment€of€furniture.€€œMrs.›€Garrett€receives€her€mail€at€the€pharmacy,€and€listsÏthe€address€of€the€store€on€her€driverððs€license.€€œShe›€testified€€that€she,€herÏhusband,€and€two€minor€sons€take€meals€at€the€pharmacy€quarters,€as€well€as€theÏnew€farmhouse.€€Mrs.€Garrett€also€testified€that€she€showered,€dressed,€andÏwashed€laundry€at€the€œfarm.›€€As€to€garaging€the€familyððs€cars,€Mrs.€Garrett€statedÏthe€family€had€4€vehicles€which€her€family€keeps€at€the€farmhouse€and€theÏpharmacy.€€€€Further,€œMrs.›€Garrett€testified€that€her€children€leave€for€school€fromÏœthe€farm.›€€€€€ÌÌœà à›à àBy€all€accounts€in€the€record€Mrs.€Garrett€is€a€publicly€minded€citizenÏand€has€been€very€active€in€Byrdstownððs€civic,€cultural,€and€religious€affairs€sinceÏmoving€there€in€1980.€€Ì€Ì€à@ àò òòòLegal€AnalysisÌà àÌœà à›à àó óóóThe€form€of€the€disposition€below€dictates€this€Courtððs€review€onÏappeal.€€The€chancery€court€decided€this€case€after€a€œnon„jury€trial.›€€Thus,€thisÏCourt€reviews€the€chancery€courtððs€findings€of€fact€œòòde›€novo€óóupon€the€record,Ïaccompanied€by€a€presumption€of€correctness,€unless€the€preponderance€of€theÏevidence€is€otherwise.€€Tenn.R.App.P.€13(d).€€However,€review€of€the€chanceryÏcourtððs€legal€determinations€are€òòde€novo,€óówithout€any€presumption€of€correctness.€ÏòòPresley€v.€Bennett,€óó860€S.W.2d€857,€859€(Tenn.€1993).€€ÌÌòòò òà àœó óóóà àThe›€Town€of€Byrdstown,€Tennessee€was€created€by€Chapter€815,ÏHouse€Bill€1298€of€the€Private€Acts€of€Tennessee€entitled€ð ðCHARTER€OF€THEÏTOWN€OF€BYRDSTOWN,€TENNESSEE.ðð€€The€bill€passed€the€TennesseeÏLegislature€on€April€6,€1917,€and€Governor€Tom€C.€Rye€approved€it€on€April€17,Ï1917.€€Sections€2€and€3€of€the€Charter€are€material€to€this€appeal.€€Section€2Ïprovides:ÌÌÒ 0 ÒÒ  ÒÓÓòòœBe›€it€further€enacted,óó€That€the€governing€body€of€said€townÏshall€be€vested€in€a€Mayor,€Recorder,€who€shall€beÏexofficio€an€Alderman;€two€Aldermen€and€a€Marshall;€theÏMayor;€Recorder€and€Alderman€shall€be€citizens€andÏresidents€within€the€corporate€limits€of€said€Town€and€shallÏbe€chosen€every€four€years€by€the€qualified€voters€of€theÏTown€.€.€.€.€ÌÌœÌSection›€3€states:ÌÌòòœÌBe›€it€further€enacted,óó€That€no€person€shall€be€elected€toÏany€of€the€aforesaid€offices€of€the€town€who€is€not€aÏresident€of€the€town€and€who€does€not€possess€theÏrequisite€qualification€of€a€voter€for€the€election€of€saidÏofficials.€€Ìòòò òà àó óóóÌœÌÒ € ÒÒ „ ÒÓÓà àà àThis›€case€presents€two€issues,€one€legal€and€one€factual.€€Legally,Ïthe€question€is€what€the€incorporators€of€Byrdstown€intended€by€the€phraseÏð ðresident€within€the€corporate€limits.ðð€€The€issue€of€oneððs€residence€is€a€questionÏof€fact.€€òòHuskey€v.€Crisp,€óó865€S.W.2d€451,€454€(Tenn.€1993).€€Thus€the€factualÏissue€on€appeal€can€be€stated€as€follows:€€how€does€the€evidence€preponderateÏagainst€the€finding€that€Ms.€Garrett€lives€outside€the€city€limits?ÌÌœà à›à àThe€Town€Charter€does€not€define€the€word€ð ðresident,ðð€andÏunfortunately€there€is€no€legislative€history€to€guide€our€interpretation€of€the€term.€ÏThe€legal€definition€of€residence€varies€with€the€context€in€which€it€is€found.€€òòId.€€óóAÏresidence€may€refer€to€oneððs€ð ðactual€residenceðð€and€ð ðplace€of€abode.ðð€€WhenÏreferring€to€a€personððs€place€of€abode,€the€term€residence€does€not€require€thatÍthe€person€intend€to€remain€at€that€particular€place.€€òòIn€re€Conservatorship€ofÏClayton,€óó914€S.W.2d€84,€89€œ(Tenn.€Ct.€App.›€1995).€€When€the€word€residenceÏrefers€to€a€personððs€ð ðdomicileðð€or€ð ðlegal€residence,ðð€the€term€indicates€a€dwellingÏwhere€one€has€a€permanent€home€with€the€concurrent€intention€to€remain€or€toÏultimately€return.€€òòDenny€v.€Sumner€County,€óó134€Tenn.€468,€473„74,€184€S.W.€14,Ï16€(1915).€€A€person€may€have€two€or€more€actual€residences,€but€only€oneÏdomicile,€or€legal€residence.€€òòSnodgrass€v.€Snodgrass,€óó357€S.W.2d€829,€831Ïœ(Tenn.€Ct.€App.›€1961).€€€€€€ÌÌœà à›à àTennessee€Courts€have€defined€ð ðdomicileðð€as€ð ðwhere€a€person€hasÏhis€principal€home€and€a€place€of€enjoyment€of€his€fortunes;€which€he€does€notÏexpect€to€leave€except€for€a€purpose.€.€.€.ðð€€òòTyborowski€v.€Tyborowski,€óó192€S.W.2dÏ231,€232€(Tenn.Ct.App.€1946);€€òòSnodgrass€v.€Snodgrass,€óó357€S.W.2d€at€831.€€ToÏchange€a€domicile€or€legal€residence,€a€person€must:€(1)€actually€change€his€orÏher€address€to€a€new€place;€(2)€intend€to€abandon€his€or€her€old€domicile;€and€(3)Ïintend€to€establish€a€new€domicile€at€the€new€residence.€€òòDenny€v.€Sumner€Co.,óóÏ134€Tenn.€at€474,€184€S.W.€at€16.€€The€mere€intention€to€relocate€in€the€future€orÏupon€an€uncertain€event€is€not€sufficient€intent€to€change€a€domicile.€€òòBernardi€v.ÏBernardi,€óó302€S.W.2d€63,€67,€œ(Tenn.€Ct.€App.›€1956).€€€Thus,€self„servingÏdeclarations€of€intent€are€insufficient€to€indicate€a€change€of€domicile.€€òòId.€citingÏSturdavant€v.€Sturdavant,€óó189€S.W.2d€410,€411€œ(Tenn.€Ct.€App.›€1944).€€StatedÍdifferently,€no€change€of€domicile€can€be€effected€by€a€mere€statement€of€anÏintention€unaccompanied€by€an€act€in€accord€with€the€intent.€€òòId.€óó€€ÌÌœà à›à àœThe›€inherent€ambiguity€in€the€phrase€ð ðresident€within€the€corporateÏlimitsðð€prevents€us€from€knowing€what€the€incorporators€of€the€Byrdstown€charterÏmeant€when€they€wrote€Sections€2€and€3.€€However,€legal€residence€is€oftenÏimplicit€when€residence€is€used€as€a€qualification€for€a€privilege,€franchise,€or€inÏconnection€with€domestic€policy€in€general.€€òòBrown€v.€Brown€,€óó150€Tenn.€89,€92,Ï261€S.W.€959,€960€(1923)€òòquoting€óó19€Corpus€Juris€397.€€Nevertheless,€the€facts€ofÏthis€case€do€not€obligate€us€to€determine€whether€the€incorporators€intendedÏð ðactualðð€or€ð ðlegalðð€residence.€€The€living€space€in€the€pharmacy€simply€does€notÏhave€the€attributes€of€either€a€ð ðlegalðð€or€ð ðactualðð€residence.€€Thus,€Mrs.€GarrettÏcannot€claim€it€as€her€residence.€€Additionally€we€find,€as€the€chancery€court€did,Ïthat€Mrs.€Garrett€and€her€family€legally€reside€in€their€new€farm€home,€2.8€milesÏoutside€of€Byrdstown.€€€Ìà àÌà àœà àWe›€believe€the€room€in€the€pharmacy€to€be€more€akin€to€aÏworkplace€break€room€than€a€residence.€€€To€support€our€conclusion€that€theÏpharmacy€room€is€not€a€residence€we€note€that€Mrs.€Garrett€does€not€sleep€orÏbathe€there.€€The€pharmacy€room€also€has€no€stove€or€range.€€The€amenitiesÏfound€at€the€pharmacy€are€similar€to€those€found€in€many€workplaces€inÏTennessee.€€To€conclude€that€these€workplace€comforts€enable€one€to€resideÍthere€would€significantly€alter€settled€tenets€of€Tennessee€law€regarding€oneððsÏresidence.€€Finding€that€Mrs.€Garrett€resides€at€her€pharmacy€would€mean€thatÏmany€in€Byrdstown€and€other€Tennessee€cities€maintain€a€residence€at€theirÏplace€of€work.€€à àÌœÌà à›à àMrs.€Garrett€also€argues€the€œTenn.›€Code€Ann.€ðððð€œ2„2„107›€and€2„2„122€provide€us€with€a€means€to€find€Mrs.€Garrett€to€be€a€resident€of€Byrdstown.€WeÏdisagree.€€œTenn.›€Code€Ann.€œðð›€2„2„107€and€2„2„122€both€fall€within€a€chapter€ofÏthe€Code€regulating€voter€registration€in€Tennessee,€not€candidate€eligibility.€ÏThus,€they€are€inapplicable€to€this€appeal.€€ÌÌœà à›à àFinally,€Mrs.€Garrett€argues€that€she€and€her€family€never€intended€toÏleave€Byrdstown,€and€thus€could€not€have€changed€their€legal€residence€sinceÏthey€lacked€the€intent€to€do€so.€€In€1991,€the€Garretts€began€building€a€home€inÏwhich€they€now€sleep,€bathe,€and€eat.€€Their€children€leave€for€school€from€thisÏhouse€and€Mrs.€Garrett€does€some€laundry€there.€€Regardless€of€the€GarrettððsÏsubjective€intent€to€remain€in€Byrdstown,€objectively€they€have€changed€theirÏdomicile.€€€€€€€€€ÌÌœà à›à àThe€Supreme€Court€of€Tennessee€addressed€the€issue€of€oneððsÏintent€in€acquiring€a€new€domicile€and€stated:ÌÌÒ 0 ÒÒ  ÒÓÓœThis›€intention,€it€is€true,€may€be€inferred,€fromÏcircumstances,€and€the€residence€may€be€of€such€aÏcharacter€and€accompanied€by€such€indices€of€aÏpermanent€home€that€the€law€will€apply€to€the€facts€a€resultÏcontrary€to€the€actual€intention€of€the€party.€€Thus€oneÏcannot€make€a€permanent,€fixed€commercial€residenceÏwith€all€the€surroundings€of€a€permanent€home€in€oneÏplace€and€a€domicile€in€another€by€a€mere€mental€act.€.€.€.€€ÌÌòòœÌÌÒ € ÒÒ „ ÒÓÓà à›à àDenny€v.€Sumner€Co.,€óó134€Tenn.€at€479,€184€S.W.€at€17,€òòquotingÏPickering€v.€Winch,€óó48€Or.€500,òò€Still€v.€Woodville,€óó38€Miss.€646,€òòAyer€v.€Weeks€óó65ÏN.H.€248,€18€Alt.€1108.€€€à àÌÌà àOur€Supreme€Court€has€also€said€that:ÌÌÒ 0 ÒÒ  ÒÓÓœIn›€determining€whether€or€not€a€change€of€domicile€hasÏbeen€made,€it€is€proper€to€consider,€along€with€theÏstatement€of€the€party€of€his€intent€in€the€matter,€hisÏconduct€and€declarations,€and€all€other€facts€that€throwÏlight€upon€the€subject.€€ÌÌÒ € ÒÒ „ ÒòòœSparks›€v.€Sparks,€óó114€Tenn.€666,€669,€88€S.W.173,€174€œ(1905).ÌÌ›ÌÌÓÓœà à›à àTherefore,€despite€Mrs.€Garrettððs€insistence€that€she€and€her€familyÏnever€intended€to€leave€Byrdstown,€we€find€that€her€conduct€indicates€otherwise.€ÏWhile€Mrs.€Garrettððs€social,€civic,€and€emotional€home€is€Byrdstown,€her€legalÏresidence€is€not.€€ÌÌà@ àòòò òConclusionó óÌÌœà à›à àóóWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€chancery€court€and€remand€the€caseÏfor€entry€of€an€order€consistent€with€this€opinion.€€We€also€tax€the€costs€of€theÏappeal€to€the€œappellant›€Deborah€Garrett.€ÌÌ€ÌÓÓœà àà àà àà àà àà àà à____________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌHENRY€F.€TODD,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌMIDDLE€SECTIONÌÌÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÌÑ  Ñà àà àà àà àà à