ÿWPC2 …# VUNa %¯ 0(µw@Ý4 1 0l@ 0D¬ ð 0Jø 0TB 0^– 0hô 0r\ 0|Î 0†J 0Ð 1u` U,Õ 0dU,eU>‘B)Ï BøDC AMXU*¥ùÏ‡È D3Oz‚v~ü 0@zvÓº AOÆÜ 0D¢ D/æ B˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ DÖ I× Ø Ù Ó€ã DÒ 3|xã ((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d d####7Border 1dd€-%Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial ïÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€"ÔÝ  ÝÔ€'ÔÔ€'ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€'XÔÌÌSeptember€13,€1996ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó }Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€"ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€"ôÔ€€Ô€"&ÔAppeal€no.€01„A„01„9412„CH„00563,€B&L€Corp.€d/b/a€U.C.€Consultants€v.€Thomas€&ÏThorngren,€et€al.€1995€Tenn.App.€LEXIS€555,€(Tenn.Ct.App.€8/25/95).Ô€"ôÔ€€€Ì$$$$'ÿÿdxd pÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€"ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€"ôÔ€Ô€"&ÔAn€employee€stock€ownership€plan€is€a€vehicle€to€transfer€ownership€of€a€business€to€itsÏemployees€via€a€sale€of€the€companyððs€stock.€Ô€"ôÔÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  ÒStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€!!X„d&ÓÑ#€!!Xd#ÑÔ€"ÔÝ  Ý›Ñ\R AØ'\ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€¦OXXdìdÈ7ÑœB&L›€CORPORATION€d/b/aà@ à)ÌU.C.€CONSULTANTS,à@ à)Ìà@ à)ÌPlaintiff/Appellant,à@ à)à à€€€Appeal€No.01„A„01„9506„CH„00274€Ìà@ à)Ìv.€à@ à)à à€€€Davidson€Chancery€No.Ìà@ à)à à€€€94„261„I̜ـ€ÙÙ€€ÙßL€&(%;+'h|~þÑ` ç `€€Lß›à@ à)Ìà@ à)ÌSTEPHEN€L.€THOMAS€andà@ à)ÌTHOMAS€&€THORNGREN,€INC.,à@ à)Ìà@ à)Ìà@ à)ÌœDefendants/Appellees.›à@ à)ÌÌÌÌÌà@ àCOURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àMIDDLE€SECTION€AT€NASHVILLEÌÌÌÌÌà@ àON€APPEAL€FROM€THE€CHANCERY€COURT€FOR€DAVIDSON€COUNTY€Ìà@ àHONORABLE€IRVIN€H.€KILCREASE€JR.,€CHANCELLORà àÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌJ.€MICHAEL€JACOBSÌSTEVEN€B.€McCLOUDÌATTORNEYS€FOR€THE€APPELLANTÌ311€White€Bridge€Rd.ÌNashville,€TN€€€€€37209ÌÌÌCRAIG€V.€GABBERTÌC.€MARK€PICKRELLÌATTORNEYS€FOR€THE€œAPPELLEES›Ì1800€First€American€CenterÌ315€Deaderick€St.ÌNashville,€TN€€€€37238ÌÌÌÌÌà@ àAFFIRMED€IN€PART,€REVERSED€IN€PART,€AND€REMANDEDÌÌÌÌÌœÌÌÌÌ›Ìà0 àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àSAMUEL€L.€LEWIS,€JUDGE€ÌÑ7€¦OXXdìXXdì7ÑÓÓà@ àÔ€"îÔOPINIONÌÔ€"XÔÌÌÌà@ àò òIó ó.ÌÌà àThis€is€the€second€appeal€of€a€case€involving€a€Nashville€business,€B&L€Corporation,€and€Ïfour€of€its€former€employees.€€In€1994€B&L€sued€the€four€in€the€Chancery€Court€for€DavidsonÏCounty€claiming€they€violated€covenants€not€to€compete,€breached€fiduciary€duties,€convertedÏU.C.€property,€unfairly€competed,€and€benefited€from€unjust€enrichment.€€The€chancery€courtÏgranted€one€defendant,€Kris€Thorngren,€summary€judgment.€€B&L€then€appealed€to€this€court,€andÏwe€reversed€the€chancery€courtððs€judgment€on€several€issues.€Ô€"&Ô× ƒ) ××  ×Ô€"XÔ€€Later,€the€chancery€court€grantedÏsummary€judgment€in€favor€of€defendant€Stephen€Thomas.€€The€chancery€court€also€granted€theÏcorporate€defendant€Thomas€&€Thorngren€Inc.ððs€motion€for€summary€judgment.€€B&L€appealsÏfrom€those€judgments.€€B&L€argues€that€the€chancery€court€erred€in€ruling€that€Mr.€ThomasððÏemployment€agreement€expired€prior€to€his€departure€from€B&L.€€B&L€also€faults€the€chanceryÏcourtððs€decision€to€grant€Stephen€Thomas€and€Thomas€&€Thorngren€summary€judgment,€and€toÏaward€Stephen€Thomas€his€legal€fees€and€costs.€€We€have€determined€that€Stephen€Thomas,€andÏThomas€&€Thorngren€Inc.€are€not€entitled€to€summary€judgment€as€to€all€of€the€issues€in€their€case.€ÏTherefore,€we€partially€reverse€the€chancery€court.€€€€€€€€€Ìà àÌà àÌà@ àò òII.ÌÌà àó óThe€Appellant,€B&L€Corporation,€(d/b/a€U.C.€Consultants)€provides€unemployment€costÏcontrol€and€Targeted€Job€Tax€Credit€consultation€to€a€national€client€base.€€Michael€BrodbineÏorganized€B&L€in€1981,€and€has€been€its€primary€manager€since€its€inception.€€ÌÌà àB&L€hired€Stephen€Thomas€on€January€9,€1982.€€On€June€10,€1982,€Thomas€signed€anÏemployment€agreement€and€began€working€as€a€vice„president.€€Mr.€Thomas€also€became€a€20%Ïshareholder€and€a€member€of€U.C.ððs€board€of€directors.€ÌÌ€€€ò òà àó óMr.€Thomasðð€position€as€vice„president€and€director€afforded€him€direct€access€to€B&LÏclients.€€He€was€privy€to€customer€lists,€contract€rates,€contract€expiration€dates,€and€otherÏconfidential€information€involving€B&Lððs€competitive€secrets.€€ÌÌà àIn€late€1992,€Michael€Brodbine€approached€Steve€Thomas€and€Kris€Thorngren,€also€a€vice„president€at€B&L.€€Brodbine€discussed€with€them€the€possibility€of€B&L€employees€purchasing€theÏcompany€using€an€employee€stock€ownership€plan.€Ô€"&Ô× ƒ+ ××  ×Ô€"XÔ€€Evidently,€purchasing€the€company€in€theÏmanner€Brodbine€described€did€not€interest€Thomas€or€Thorngren€for€in€December€of€1993,€theyÏformed€their€own€corporation.€€Initially€they€named€the€entity€K&S€Services€Inc.€€Mr.€ThomasÏtestified€in€his€deposition€that€he€and€Mr.€Thorngren€rented€office€space,€had€telephone€serviceÏinstalled,€and€arranged€for€some€office€equipment.€€Thomas€and€Thorngren€also€extended€offers€ofÍemployment€to€Defendant€Gwen€Benson€and€Jean€Donnelly,€then€both€employees€of€B&L€as€wereÏThomas€and€Thorngren.€€€€€€ÌÌà àOn€January€4,€1994,€Thomas€and€Thorngren€approached€Mr.€Brodbine€with€an€offer€toÏbuy€the€company.€€Brodbine€refused€the€offer,€and€an€intense€discussion€ensued€which€culminatedÏin€Thomas€and€Thorngren€leaving€B&Lððs€offices.€€It€is€unclear€whether€Brodbine€fired€ThorngrenÏand€Thomas,€or€whether€the€two€quit€of€their€own€accord.€€However,€both€Thomas€and€ThorngrenÏadmitted€to€having€cleaned€out€their€desks€and€removed€all€personal€possessions€at€B&L€before€theÏmeeting€with€Brodbine.ÌÌà àNeither€Mr.€Thomas€nor€Mr.€Thorngren€disputes€that€their€corporation€is€in€directÏcompetition€with€B&L.€€B&L€claims€that€the€competition€has€wrongfully€resulted€in€many€contractÏcancellations,€and€estimates€that€Thomas€&€Thorngren€have€usurped€50%€percent€of€its€grossÏrevenues.€€ÌÌà àB&L€sued€its€former€employees€on€January€26,€1994.€€B&Lððs€complaint€sought€monetaryÏrelief€and€injunctive€relief€on€seven€grounds.€€Count€one€alleges€that€Thomas,€along€with€the€otherÏindividual€defendants€Kris€Thorngren,€Gwen€Benson,€and€Jean€Donnelly€violated€non„competitionÏagreements€with€B&L.€€Count€two€alleges€breach€of€fiduciary€duties€by€the€defendants.€€CountÏthree€alleges€that€the€defendants€converted€personal€property€owned€by€B&L.€€Count€four€allegesÏtortious€interference€with€contract.€€Count€five€alleges€unfair€competition.€€Count€six€alleges€unjustÏenrichment,€and€count€seven€requests€injunctive€relief.€€ÌÌà àB&L€alleged€two€causes€of€action€against€Thomas€&€Thorngren€Inc.:€€first,€that€ThomasÏand€Thorngren€procured€the€breach€of€certain€contracts;€and€second,€that€Thomas€&€Thorngren,€Ïhave€been€unjustly€enriched.€€ÌÌà àThe€chancery€court€determined€that€the€non„compete€covenants€signed€by€Stephen€ThomasÏexpired€by€1986.€€On€February€3,€1995,€the€court€granted€defendant€Thomasðð€and€Thomas€&ÏThorngren€Inc.ððs€motion€for€summary€judgment.€€Finally,€on€March€10,€1995,€the€court€grantedÏdefendant€Thomasðð€motion€for€an€award€of€attorneys€fees€and€costs.€€B&L€then€initiated€thisÏappeal.€€€€€€€Ì€Ì€€ÌÌà@ àò òIIIó ó.ÌÌÌà àœThis€court›€reviews€summary€judgment€decisions€òòde€novo€óóupon€the€record€with€noÏpresumption€of€correctness.€€ò òòòBrenner€v.€Textron€Aerostructures,€óó874€S.W.2d€579,€582Ï(Tenn.App.€1993).ó ó€€We€evaluate€whether€the€requirements€of€Tenn.R.Civ.P.€56€have€been€met.€ÏThose€requirements€include:€1)€whether€a€factual€dispute€exists,€2)€whether€the€disputed€fact€isÏmaterial€to€the€outcome€of€the€case,€and€3)whether€the€disputed€material€fact€creates€a€genuine€issueÏfor€trial.€€ò òòòId.€citing€Byrd€v.€Hall,€óó847€S.W.2d€208€(Tenn.€1993).€€ó óIn€making€these€determinations,Ïthe€court€must€view€the€evidence€in€a€light€most€favorable€to€the€non„moving€party€and€allow€allÏreasonable€inferences€in€his€favor.€€ò òòòId.€óóó ó€€ÌÌà àSummary€judgment€is€appropriate€when€there€is€no€genuine€issue€of€disputed€material€factÏand€the€moving€party€is€entitled€to€judgment€as€a€matter€of€law.€€Tenn.R.Civ.P.€56.03;€ò òòòByrd€v.ÏHall€at€214.€€ó óóóA€fact€is€ð ðmaterial€if€it€must€be€decided€in€order€to€resolve€the€substantive€claim€orÏdefense€at€which€the€motion€is€directed.ðð€€òòò òId.€at€215.€€ó óóóA€ð ðgenuine€issueðð€of€material€fact€exists€if€ð ðaÍreasonable€jury€could€legitimately€resolve€that€fact€in€favor€of€one€side€or€the€other.ðð€€ò òòòId.€€ó óóó€TheÏparty€seeking€summary€judgment€must€demonstrate€to€the€court€that€there€is€no€genuine€issues€ofÏmaterial€fact€for€trial€and€that€they€are€entitled€to€judgment€as€a€matter€of€law.€€òòò òId.€€ó óóóIf€the€movingÏparty€carries€this€burden,€the€non„moving€party€must€then€come€forward€with€specific€facts€thatÏrebut€the€moving€partyððs€argument€and€establish€the€existence€of€a€genuine€issue€of€material€fact.€Ïòòò òId.€€ó óóóMere€allegations€or€general€denials€will€not€suffice€to€rebut€a€moving€partyððs€well„supportedÏarguments.€€Tenn.R.Civ.P.€56.05.ÌÌÌòòò òà@ àóóIV.òò€€óóó ó€€€€ÌÌà àThe€chancery€court€determined€that€Stephen€Thomasðð€employment€contract€terminated€afterÏone€year€and€that€the€non„competition€provision€of€that€contract€expired€no€more€than€two€yearsÏafter€that€date.€€Mr.€Thomasðð€employment€agreement€provided€in€part:ÌÌà@ àòòTerm€of€EmploymentÌÓÓà8 àà8 àóóThe€term€of€Executiveððs€employment€hereunder€commenced€on€theÏ9th€day€of€January,€1982,€and€shall€continue€thereafter€for€a€periodÏof€one€(1)€year,€or€until€the€next€regular€annual€shareholdersÏmeeting,€now€scheduled€for€the€third€Wednesday€in€October,€1982,Ïat€which€time€the€contract€may€be€renewed€or€renegotiated€betweenÏthe€Corporationððs€Board€of€Directorððs€and€Executive.€€Ìà8 ààHààHààHààHàÌÌÌà@ àòòCovenant€Not€to€CompeteÌÌà8 àà8 àóóIn€consideration€of€the€employment€hereunder,€Executive€herebyÏagrees€that€during€the€term€of€his€employment€by€the€CorporationÏand€for€a€period€of€two€(2)€years€after€the€termination€of€saidÏemployment,€Executive€will€not€directly€or€indirectly€own,€have€aÏproprietary€interest€of€any€kind€in,€be€employed€by,€or€serve€as€aÏconsultant€to€or€in€any€other€capacity,€engage€in€the€business€of€taxÏcompensation€consultation€without€the€express€written€consent€ofÍthe€Corporation.€€Executive€agrees€that€breach€of€this€covenantÏcontained€herein€shall€result€in€irreparable€and€continuing€damage€toÏthe€Corporation€for€which€there€is€no€adequate€remedy€at€law€and€inÏthe€event€of€any€breach€of€any€such€agreement,€the€Corporation€shallÏbe€entitled€to€injunctive€and€such€other€an€further€relief,€includingÏdamages,€as€may€be€proper.€€This€covenant€shall€not€apply€ifÏCorporation€refuses€to€offer€to€extend€this€contract€after€theÏexpiration€of€its€terms.€€ÌÌÓÓÌà àWe€believe€the€chancery€court€was€correct€in€finding€that€the€employment€contractÏterminated€after€one€year.€€The€contract€states€the€ð ðòòterm€of€Executiveððs€employment€hereunderÏcommenced€on€the€9th€day€of€January€1982,€and€shall€continue€thereafter€for€a€period€of€(1)€year,Ïóóor€until€the€next€regular€annual€shareholdersðð€meeting€.€.€.€at€which€time€the€contract€may€beÏrenewed€or€renegotiated€between€the€Corporationððs€Board€of€Directors€and€Executive.ðð€€B&LððsÏBoard€of€Directors€never€renewed€or€renegotiated€Mr.€Thomasðð€contract.€€Thus,€we€consider€theÏterm€of€Mr.€Thomasðð€contract€to€have€been€one€year,€expiring€on€January€9,€1983.ÌÌà àThe€non„competition€provision€in€the€contract€states€ð ðòòduring€the€term€of€his€employmentóó€byÏthe€Corporation€òòand€for€a€period€of€two€(2)€years€after€the€termination€of€said€employmentóó,€.€.€.ðð€€ÏSince€the€plain€meaning€of€the€contract€suggests€that€the€term€of€Mr.€Thomasðð€contract€was€oneÏyear,€a€two€year€period€after€termination€of€òòsaid€employment€óówould€conclude€on€January€9,€1985.€ÏWe€believe€the€contract€contains€no€ambiguity€concerning€expiration€and€therefore€do€not€consultÏany€legal€rules€of€construction.€€We€note€however,€that€if€we€did€seek€a€rule€of€construction,€weÏwould€observe€precedent€which€disfavors€non„competition€agreements,€and€€strictly€construesÏthem€against€the€employer.€€ò òòòAllright€Auto€Parks,€Inc.€v.€Berry,€óó409€S.W.2d€361€(Tenn.€1966).ó ó€€€€€€Ìà àÌà àMr.€Thomas€and€Mr.€Thorngren€acted€in€concert€in€their€final€days€at€B&L€and€afterwardsÏin€their€new€enterprise.€€Legally€and€factually€this€appeal€and€the€Thorngren€appeal€are€nearlyÏidentical.€€Therefore,€the€law€of€the€case€doctrine€applies.€€This€doctrine€provides€we€must€follow€aÍfinal€decision€or€decree€on€a€former€appeal€in€later€proceedings€of€the€same€case€as€long€as€theÏevidence€remains€substantially€the€same.€€òòò òCity€of€Chattanooga€v.€Rogers,€óó299€S.W.2d€660€(Tenn.Ï1957);€òòJones€v.€Jones,€óó784€S.W.2d€349,€351€òònóó.1€(Tenn.Ct.App.€1989).€€ó óThe€law€of€the€caseÏdoctrine€is€based€on€the€public€policy€against€reopening€matters€that€have€been€finally€decided.€ÏThus,€we€will€apply€the€same€holdings€to€the€Thomas€appeal€as€we€did€in€Throngren€appeal€as€theÏremaining€issues€are€indistinguishable.€€€€ÌÌà à€With€regard€to€whether€Mr.€Thomas€breached€his€fiduciary€duty,€converted€tangibleÏproperty€of€B&L,€or€was€unjustly€enriched,€we€must€reverse€the€chancery€courtððs€decision€to€grantÏMr.€Thomasðð€motion€for€summary€judgment.€€We€remand€the€case€for€a€trial€on€the€merits€inÏcomplete€conformity€with€our€previous€ruling.€€As€to€the€issues€of€Thomas€procuring€the€breach€ofÏB&L€client€contracts€and€enjoying€unjust€enrichment,€we€again€hold€that€those€inquiries€should€beÏincorporated€into€the€breach€of€fiduciary€duty€examination€at€trial.€€ÌÌà àThe€chancery€court€granted€summary€judgment€for€Thomas€&€Thorngren€Inc.€€B&L€hadÏalleged€two€bases€for€holding€Thomas€&€Thorngren€Inc.€liable:€procurement€of€breach€of€contractÏand€unjust€enrichment.€Thomas€&€Thorngren€Inc.€œdoes›€not€have€a€fiduciary€relationship€withÏB&L,€and€thus€owe€them€no€duty.€€However,€we€leave€open€the€question€of€whether€Thomas€&ÏThorngren€Inc.€has€been€unjustly€enriched€or€whether€œit€has›€procured€the€breach€of€B&LððsÏcontracts.€€Therefore,€we€reverse€the€chancery€court€and€remand€this€issue€for€trial.€€€€€ÌÌà àWe€note€that€in€the€Thorngren€appeal€we€held€that€we€would€not€recognize€a€claim€for€theÏconversion€of€intangible€property.€€Nevertheless€in€its€brief€B&L€states€that€Mr.Thomas€ð ðhasÏconverted€the€business€good€will€which€U.C.€has€developed€with€several€of€its€clients.ðð€€WeÏmaintain€that€there€is€no€authority€in€Tennessee€for€a€claim€of€conversion€of€intangible€property.€ÏThus€we€affirm€the€chancery€court€to€the€extent€œit›€granted€Mr.€Thomasðð€motion€for€summaryÍjudgment€as€to€the€conversion€of€intangible€property.€€€€€€€€€ÌÌÌà@ àò òV.ó óÌÌÌà àLastly,€we€turn€to€the€issue€of€attorneys€fees€and€court€costs.€€The€chancery€court€awardedÏMr.€Thomas€$37,149.94€to€defray€his€legal€expenses.€€The€court€stated€that€ð ðunder€the€terms€ofÏThomasðð€employment€contract,€the€losing€party€to€a€suit€involving€enforcement€of€the€contract€mustÏpay€the€winning€partyððs€attorneys€fees.ðð€€As€in€the€Thorngren€appeal€we€disagree€and€reverse.€€TheÏemployment€agreement€expired€on€January€9,€1983,€and€no€longer€governs€the€conduct€of€theÏparties.€€The€chancery€court€also€taxed€costs€to€B&L.€€The€discretion€exercised€by€the€chanceryÏcourt€in€adjudging€costs€is€subject€to€review€in€the€appellate€courts€which€should€not€reverse€exceptÏin€case€of€clear€abuse.€€ò òòòJ.M.€Huber€Corp.€v.€Square€Enterprises€Inc.,€óó645€S.W.2d€410,€416Ï(Tenn.Ct.App.€1982);ó ó€òòò òBransetter€v.€Poynter,€óó222€S.W.2d€214€(Tenn.Ct.App.€1949).€€€ó óWe€areÏnot€inclined€to€disturb€the€award€in€this€instance.€€ÌÌà àFor€the€foregoing€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€reversed€in€part,€and€affirmed€in€part.€ÏThe€case€is€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€further€proceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.€€We€taxÏcosts€on€appeal€to€the€Appellees.€€ÌÌ€€€à àÌà@ àÌÓÓÌà àà àà àà àà àà à€___________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àSAMUEL€L.€LEWIS,€J.ÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ______________________________________à àà àà àà àà àà à€œ›ÌHENRY€F.€TODD,€€P.J.€M.S.à àÌÌÌÌ______________________________________ÌœBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€€J.ÌÌ