ÿWPC“ …# VU>a %Ÿ 0(¥4Íáðw@ø 0J8 0T‚ 0^Ö 0h4 0rœ 0| 0†Š 0 1u  U, 0dA U,¥ U6Ñ B)DC0 AMsU*À Bê#v~*vÓ¨ D3{ 0@® AOîÆ= 0D D/G Bv˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 <èÀ( 9Z &Courier RegularX($¡¡Gav x°°3|xÄ ²³´µ¶·D¸¹DºÓ€Ä2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d!!!!7Border 1dd€-"Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial d Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÔ€$ÔÔ€$ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€$XÔÌÌApril€10,€1996ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA:Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA:Op Monaco Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€X„d&ÓÑ#€Xd#ÑÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÓ ` Ü‚Xœ ’X ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€îlXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  Ñ›PEGGY€BALL,à à)Ìà àà à)ÌÓ#` Ü‚Xœôx‘X#Óà àPlaintiff/Appellant,à à)à àAppeal€No.Ìà àà à)à à01„A„01„9508„CV„00384Ìv.à àà à)Ìà àà à)à àDavidson€CircuitÌG.€W.€HUBBARD€HOSPITAL€ofà à)à àNo.€94C„1601ÌÙ€€ÙœßL€#&";+'h|GJ` ç `€€Lß›MEHARRY€MEDICAL€COLLEGE,à à)Ìà àà à)Ìà àDefendant/Appellee.à à)ÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÔ€ ¼ÔCOURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌMIDDLE€SECTION€AT€NASHVILLEÌÌÌAPPEAL€FROM€THE€CIRCUIT€COURT€FOR€DAVIDSON€COUNTYÌÌAT€NASHVILLE,€TENNESSEEÌÌÌTHE€HONORABLE€THOMAS€W.€BROTHERS,€JUDGEÌÓ ` Ü‚XœÈ“X ÓÌÌÓ  ÓÌÌÔ€ XÔT.€J.€EMISON,€JR.ÌP.€O.€Box€13ÌAlamo,€Tennessee€38001Ìà àATTORNEY€FOR€PLAINTIFF/APPELLANTÌÌÌÌCYRUS€L.€BOOKERÌCARLA€G.€FOXÌBooker€&€AssociatesÌFirst€American€CenterÌ315€Deaderick€Street,€Suite€1280ÌNashville,€Tennessee€37238„1280Ìà àATTORNEYS€FOR€DEFENDANT/APPELLEEÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÔ€ ¼ÔÌÌSAMUEL€L.€LEWIS,€JUDGEÌÓ  ÓÓÓòòÔ€ °ÔOÔ€ ¼Ô€P€I€N€I€O€NÌÓ  ÓÓ#` Ü` ä œÈ“X#ÓóóÔ€ XÔà àThis€is€an€appeal€by€plaintiff,€Peggy€Ball,€from€the€trialÏcourtððs€order€granting€the€motion€for€summary€judgment€ofÏdefendant,€G.€W.€Hubbard€Hospital€of€Meharry€Medical€College,€andÏdismissing€plaintiffððs€complaint.ÌÌà àThis€suit€commenced€on€20€May€1994€when€plaintiff€filed€herÏcomplaint€in€the€Circuit€Court€for€Davidson€County.€€The€complaintÏalleged€that€defendant€constructed€and€maintained,€in€a€negligentÏmanner,€a€parking€lot/sidewalk€area€on€which€plaintiff€fell€whenÏshe€exited€from€the€lower€level€of€defendantððs€parking€garage€toÏthe€sidewalk.€€Plaintiffððs€complaint€also€alleged€that€defendantððsÏnegligence€included€but€was€not€limited€to€1)€failure€to€mark€theÏelevation€change€from€the€parking€garage€to€the€parkingÏlot/sidewalk€with€yellow€paint;€2)€failure€to€place€a€sign,€whichÏwas€visible€when€exiting€the€parking€garage,€to€warn€pedestriansÏof€the€elevation€change;€3)€failure€to€maintain€a€safe€surface€atÍthe€elevation€change;€and€4)€failure€to€repair€cracks,€chips,€andÏbroken€spaces€in€the€surface€of€the€parking€garage€at€or€near€theÏpoint€of€the€elevation€change.€€Plaintiff€further€alleged€theÏdefendantððs€negligence€was€the€proximate€cause€of€her€fall€and€herÏresulting€injuries€and€damages.€€Defendant€subsequently€answeredÏand€denied€all€material€allegations€contained€in€the€complaint.ÌÌà àDefendant€filed€a€motion€for€summary€judgment,€andÏplaintiff€responded.€€After€hearing€oral€argument€and€reviewingÏthe€record€and€all€documents€filed€in€support€of€œand€in›€oppositionÏto€the€motion,€the€trial€court€granted€defendantððs€motion€forÏsummary€judgment€and€dismissed€plaintiffððs€complaint.€€PlaintiffÏfiled€a€timely€notice€of€appeal€to€this€court.ÌÌà àFollowing€our€review€of€the€record,€the€briefs€of€theÏparties,€and€oral€argument,€we€have€determined€that€the€trialÏcourt€correctly€granted€summary€judgment.€€Therefore,€we€affirmÏthe€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àThe€facts€out€of€which€this€case€arose€are€as€follows.€€OnÏ22€May€1993,€plaintiff,€along€with€her€daughter€and€son„in„law,ÏTanya€and€Larry€Sanford,€and€Jessica€Roberts,€drove€fromÏFriendship,€Tennessee€to€visit€Shawn€Sanford,€a€patient€inÏdefendantððs€hospital.€€When€plaintiff€and€her€family€arrived€atÏdefendantððs€premises,€they€parked€in€the€"Lot€4€„€Permit€Only"Ïparking€garage€that€was€closest€to€the€Lloyd€Elam€Building€on€theÍMeharry€campus.€€"Lot€4€„€Permit€Only"€parking€is€reserved€forÏfaculty€and€staff€of€defendantððs€campus€and€is€not€open€to€theÏgeneral€public.ÌÌà àWhen€plaintiff€and€her€family€initially€arrived€at€theÏhospital€and€parked€in€the€Lot€4€garage,€plaintiff€did€not€get€outÏof€the€automobile.€€Tanya€Sanford,€mother€of€Shawn€Sanford,€gotÏout€of€the€vehicle€and€proceeded€to€pick€up€Shawn€for€his€two€hourÏpass.€€The€garage€exit€contained€a€small€step€down€from€the€levelÏof€the€garage€to€the€sidewalk.€€The€sidewalk€leads€around€to€theÏLloyd€Elam€Building€which€is€located€less€than€one€hundred€yardsÏfrom€the€garage€exit.ÌÌà àAt€the€time€Tanya€Sanford€went€through€the€garage€exit€toÏpick€up€her€son,€she€experienced€no€incident€at€all€in€exiting€theÏgarage.€€When€Tanya€Sanford€returned€to€the€car€with€Shawn,€theyÏentered€through€the€garage€exit€without€any€incident.€€When€TanyaÏSanford€and€Shawn€reached€the€car€in€which€the€family€was€waiting,ÏLarry€Sanford€drove€out€of€the€garage€and€the€parties€took€ShawnÏfor€breakfast€and€a€haircut.ÌÌà àWhen€plaintiff€and€her€family€returned€to€defendantððsÏcampus€to€check€Shawn€back€into€the€treatment€center,€they€againÏparked€in€the€"Lot€4€„€Permit€Only"€garage.€€After€parking€theÏautomobile,€each€of€the€passengers€exited€and€proceeded€to€goÏthrough€the€garage€exit.€€Shawn€Sanford€and€his€girlfriend,ÍJessica€Roberts,€were€in€front,€and€Tanya€Sanford€was€behind€them.€ÏPlaintiff€followed€Tanya,€and€Larry€Sanford€followed€plaintiff.ÌÌÓ ` Ü‚Xä È“X Óà àIt€is€without€dispute€that€there€were€no€wet€substances€orÏother€physical€objects€that€inhibited€plaintiffððs€ability€to€goÏthrough€the€garage€exit€without€incident.€€When€Shawn€SanfordÏexited€the€garage€onto€the€sidewalk€he€did€so€without€anyÏincident,€as€did€Jessica€Roberts€and€Tanya€Sanford.€€As€for€whatÏhappened€when€plaintiff€exited€the€garage,€Larry€Sanford€testifiedÏas€follows:€"Q.€€And€when€your€mother„in„law€attempted€to€exit€theÏgarage,€what€happened?€€A.€€There€was€a€little€step„down,€and€sheÏapparently€didnððt€notice€it,€and€she€fell."€€Regarding€theÏphysical€condition€of€the€step€down,€plaintiff€testified€asÏfollows:€ÌÓ#` ܸ z œÈ“X#ÓÓÓà àQ.à8 àDo€you€remember€whether€there€was€anyÏà àà àà àà àà àliquidÏsubstance€on€the€area€where€youÏà àà àà àà àfell?€€Ìà8 àA.à8 àNo.€€My€clothes€wasnððt€wet,€or€anything€likeÏthat.€€The€only€thing€was€my€blood.€€That€wasÏthe€only€dampness.€€Ìà8 àQ.à8 àDo€you€remember€seeing€any€physicalÏà àà àà àà àà àà àobjects€like€a€banana,€or€anything,€any€objectÏwhich€would€have€made€you€fall?€€Ìà8 àA.à àNo.€€Ìà8 àQ.à8 àDo€you€believe€your€heel€on€your€shoe€might€haveÏgotten€caught€in€anything€as€you€were€leavingÏthe€garage?€€Ìà àA.à àI€donððt€believe€so.€€Ìà8 àQ.à8 àIs€it€possible€that€you€could€have€slipped€asÏyou€were€leaving€the€garage?€€Ìà àA.à àI€donððt€think€so.€€Ìà8 àQ.à àHave€you€ever€slipped€naturally?€€Ìà àA.à àNo,€Iððve€never€fallen€before.€€Ìà àQ.à àHave€you€ever€lost€your€balance€before?€€Ìà àA.à àNo.€€Ìà8 àQ.à8 àIs€it€your€position€that€you€just€didnððt€à àseeÏthe€step„down.€Ìà8 àA.à8 àAll€I€know€is€I€was€walking,€and€all€of€aÏà àsudden,€I€was€down.€€IÏremember€walking€à àà àà àà àà àandÏall€of€a€sudden€I€was€down,€and€half€à àof€me€wasÏon€the€„„€laying€down€on€theÏà àà àà àà àà àsidewalk€and€the€other€half€up€here€on€„„€à àbest€IÏcan€remember.€€Ìà8 àQ.à8 àLet€me€rephrase€the€question.€€Did€you€see€theÏstep„down?€€Ìà àA.à àNo.€€Ìà8 àQ.à8 àWas€there€anything€that€prevented€you€fromÏseeing€the€step„down?€€Ìà àA.à àI€donððt€know.€€I€mean,€no.€€Ìà8 àQ.à8 àWas€there€a€physical€„„€was€there€anyÏà àà àà àà àà àà àà àphysical€object€that€prevented€you€fromÏà àà àà àà àà àà àà àseeing€the€step€down?€€Ìà àA.à àNo.€€€€€ÌÌÌÌà àShawn€Sanford€testified€as€follows:ÌÌÓ#` ܸ z œ ’X#Óà àQ.à8 àOkay.€€What€was€the€condition€of€the€concrete€asÏyou€exited€the€garage,€as€best€you€recall?à0 àÌà àA.à8 àParking€lotððs€one€level,€and€step„down€onto€theÏsidewalk.Ìà àQ.à8 àDo€you€recall€seeing€anything€on€the€higherÏportion€of€the€concrete,€like€anything€wet?Ìà àAà àNo,€maððam.Ìà àQ.à8 àWas€there€any€other€physical€object€œon€›theÏground€in€front€of€the€place€where€one€wouldÏexit€the€garage?Ìà àA.à àNo,€maððam.Ìà àQ.à8 àYou€said€that€you€and€your€girlfriend€were€inÏfront.€€Did€you€notice€the€step€as€you€wereÏleaving€the€garage?Ìà àA.à8 àI€guess€I€did.€€I€didnððt€pay€much€attention,€IÏjust€walked€on.Ìà àQ.à àDid€you€stumble?Ìà àA.à àNo.Ìà àQ.à àDid€your€girlfriend€stumble?Ìà àA.à àNot€that€I€recall.Ìà àQ.à8 àWas€there€any€incident€with€respect€to€eitherÏyou€or€your€girlfriend€as€you€exited€the€garage?Ìà àA.à àNo,€œmaððam.Ìà àQ.à8 àWhen€your€mom€exited€the€garage,€was€there€anyÍincident€with€her€leaving€the€garage?Ìà àA.à àNo,€maððam,€not€that€I€recall.€›ÌÌÌÓÓà àAs€to€her€attentiveness,€plaintiff,€in€her€deposition,Ïtestified€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 àQ.à8 àWhen€the€people€who€were€with€you€wentÏà àà àà àà àbeforeÏyou,€and€exited€the€garage€without€à àanyÏincident,€did€that€not€indicate€to€you€thatÏthere€„„€that€they€had€made€a€step?€Ìà àA.à8 àI€wasnððt€watching€their€step.€€I€mean€itÏà àindicated€to€me€thatÏthey€were€walking€out€of€there€and€I€should€doÏthe€same€thing.€€Ìà àQ.à àOkay.€€Ìà8 àA.à àYou€know,€I€mean€„„€Ìà8 àQ.à8 àDo€you€believe€anything€was€wrong€with€theÏsidewalk?Ìà8 àA.à àWrong€with€the€sidewalk?€€Ìà8 àQ.à8 àThatððs€correct.€€The€physical€„„€theÏà àà àà àà àsidewalk€that€is€the€lower€level€from€the€à à„„Ïwhere€the€change€in€elevation€tookÏà àà àà àà àplace.€€Ìà8 àA.à8 àI€wouldnððt€know,€because€I€didnððt€examine€à àtheÏsidewalk.€€I€know€when€I€looked€out€it€lookedÏlike€you€was€going€up€hill.€€ItÏà àà àà àà àlookedÏlike€you€would€be€stepping,€walking€up.€ÏInstead,€I€fell€down.ÌÌÓÓœ›à àThere€was€testimony€without€objection€that€there€had€not€beenÏany€other€falls€that€occurred€at€the€location€where€plaintiff€fellÏduring€the€twenty€years€the€garage€had€been€in€use€by€defendant,Ïat€least€not€to€defendantððs€knowledge.€€Lieutenant€Cantrell€alsoÏtestified€that€during€his€eight€years€of€employment€by€defendantÏhe€was€unaware€of€any€falls€at€the€location€of€the€accident€otherÏthan€plaintiffððs€fall.ÌÌà àThe€sole€issue€in€this€appeal€is€whether€the€trial€courtÍproperly€granted€defendantððs€motion€for€summary€judgment.ÌÌà à"Summary€judgments€are€an€efficient€means€to€conclude€casesÏthat€can€be€disposed€of€on€legal€issues€alone."€€ò òòòFoley€v.€St.ÏThomas€Hosp.,€ó óóó906€S.W.2d€448,€452€(Tenn.€App.€1995).€€SummaryÏjudgments€are€not€substitutes€for€trials.€€ò òòòJones€v.€HomeÏIndemnity€Ins.€Co.,€óóó ó651€S.W.2d€213,€214€(Tenn.€1983).€€They€goÏto€the€merits€of€the€complaint€and€opponents€should€not€take€themÏlightly.€€ò òòòFowler€v.€Happy€Goodman€Familyó óóó,€575€S.W.2d€496,€498Ï(Tenn.€1978).ÌÌà àNo€presumption€of€correctness€attaches€to€decisions€grantingÏsummary€judgment€because€they€involve€only€questions€of€law.€ÏThus,€on€appeal€we€must€make€a€fresh€determination€concerningÏwhether€the€moving€party€met€the€requirements€of€Rule€56€of€theÏTennessee€Rules€of€Civil€Procedure.€€ò òòòHill€v.€City€ofÏChattanoogaó óóó,€533€S.W.2d€311,€312€(Tenn.€App.€1975).€€In€doing€so,Ïwe€must€consider€the€pleadings€and€the€evidentiary€materials€inÏthe€light€most€favorable€to€the€opponent,€and€we€must€draw€allÏreasonable€inferences€in€the€opponentððs€favor.€€ò òòòBlocker€v.ÏRegional€Medical€Ctr.ó óóó,€722€S.W.2d€660,€660€(Tenn.€1987)(citingÏò òòòPrice€v.€Mercury€Supply€Co.,óóó ó€682€S.W.2d€924,€929€(Tenn.€œApp.Ï1984)).›€€If€there€is€then€any€dispute€as€to€any€material€evidenceÏor€any€doubt€as€to€the€conclusion€to€be€drawn€from€the€wholeÏevidence,€the€motion€must€be€denied.€€ò òòòGonzales€v.€Alman€Constr.ÏCo.,ó óóó€857€S.W.2d€42,€45€(Tenn.€App.€1993).ÌÌà àIn€plaintiffððs€complaint€she€alleged€that€the€"inherentlyÏdangerous€condition€of€the€elevation€change€was€a€nuisance."€€OnÏappeal,€plaintiff€did€not€rely€on€the€nuisance€theory.€ÏNevertheless,€we€have€considered€the€issue€of€whether€or€not€theÏdefendant€was€maintaining€a€nuisance.€€After€our€consideration€ofÏthis€record,€we€are€of€the€opinion€that€defendant€did€not€maintainÏa€nuisance.€€ÌÌà àIn€ò òòòDean€v.€Bays€Mountain€Park€Associationó óóó,€551€S.W.2dÏ702,€705€(Tenn.€App.€1977),€we€held€that€the€condition€of€theÏproperty€must€be€fraught€with€danger€in€order€to€constitute€aÏnuisance.€€In€the€instant€case,€plaintiffððs€family€and€travelingÏcompanion€rebutted€the€suggestion€that€defendantððs€premisesÏconstituted€a€nuisance.€€Plaintiff€and€her€traveling€companionsÏeach€confirmed€there€œwere›€no€physical€objects€that€obstructed€orÏinhibited€plaintiffððs€ability€to€exit€the€garage€without€incident.€ÏThe€facts€here€establish€that€each€of€plaintiffððs€travelingÏcompanions,€who€preceded€her€in€exiting€the€garage,€did€so€safelyÏand€without€any€problems€whatsoever.€€ò òòòÌÌà àDeanó óóó€explains€that€a€"ððnuisance€is€a€condition,€and€not€anÏact€or€failure€to€act€of€the€person€responsible€for€the€condition;Ïit€does€not€necessarily€depend€on€the€degree€of€care€used,€butÏrather€on€the€danger,€indecency,€or€offensiveness€existing€orÏresulting€even€with€the€best€of€care.ðð"€ò òòòDean,€óóó ó551€S.W.2d€at€705Í(quoting€ò òòòSewell€v.€City€of€Knoxville,€ó óóó60€Tenn.€App.€86,€89,Ï444€S.W.2d€177,€179€(1969)).€€While€plaintiff€contends€thatÏdefendant€could€have€marked€the€step€down€to€warn€of€theÏ"inherently€dangerous"€elevation€change,€defendantððs€failure€toÏmark,€sign,€or€maintain€the€premises€does€not€constitute€aÏnuisance€because,€by€definition,€a€nuisance€does€not€exist€simplyÏbecause€of€a€lack€of€care.€€Moreover,€we€find€nothing€in€thisÏrecord€to€show€that€the€premises€were€unreasonably€dangerous€orÏdefective.€€Therefore,€defendant€did€not€have€a€duty€to€protectÏplaintiff€against€an€unreasonably€dangerous€or€defectiveÏcondition.ÌÌà àPlaintiff€further€alleged€that€the€defendant€was€negligent€inÏthe€way€it€constructed€and€maintained€the€parking€lot/sidewalkÏarea.€€In€order€to€raise€a€negligence€claim,€plaintiff€must€showÏthat€"defendant€owed€a€legally€recognized€duty€to€the€injuredÏplaintiff,€that€the€defendant€breached€the€duty,€and€thatÏplaintiffððs€injuries€were€the€proximate€and€foreseeable€result€ofÏdefendantððs€breach€of€duty."€€ò òòòFly€v.€Cannonó óóó,€813€S.W.2d€458,€461Ï(Tenn.€App.€1991).ÌÌà àUnder€the€law€in€this€state€the€duty€of€the€landowner€is€"oneÏof€reasonable€care€under€all€of€the€attendant€circumstances,Ïforeseeability€of€the€presence€of€the€visitor€and€the€likelihoodÏof€harm€to€him€being€one€of€the€principle€factors€in€assessingÏliability."€€ò òòòHudson€v.€Gaitanó óóó,€675€S.W.2d€699,€703€(Tenn.€1984).€ÍHere,€defendant€satisfied€œits›€duty€of€reasonable€care€toÏplaintiff.€€The€garage€exit€contained€no€physical€impediment€toÏplaintiffððs€safe€passage.€€Plaintiffððs€undisputed€testimony€onÏthis€issue€is€that€there€were€no€liquid€substances€on€the€areaÏwhere€she€fell.€€She€did€not€see€any€physical€objects€that€wouldÏhave€caused€her€to€fall.€€From€plaintiffððs€deposition€testimony,Ïit€is€clear€that€she€fell€simply€because€she€was€not€looking€whereÏshe€was€going.Ìà àÌà àIn€order€for€this€court€to€find€that€plaintiff€successfullyÏrebuted€defendantððs€motion€for€summary€judgment,€it€would€beÏnecessary€for€us€to€hold€that,€as€a€matter€of€law,€œany›€œunmarkedÏstep›€down€from€one€level€to€another€is€œa€"negligent€act."›€€This€isÏnot€the€law€in€Tennessee€and€should€not€be.€€Because€defendantÏsatisfied€its€duty€of€care,€plaintiff€can€not€establishÏnegligence.€€Summary€judgment€was€appropriate.ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€properly€granted€defendantððs€motion€forÏsummary€judgment€and€dismissed€plaintiffððs€complaint.€€It,Ïtherefore,€results€that€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€isÏaffirmed,€and€the€cause€is€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€furtherÏnecessary€proceedings.€€Costs€on€appeal€are€taxed€toÏplaintiff/appellant,€Peggy€Ball.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà à__________________________________Ìà àà àà àSAMUEL€L.€LEWIS,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌHENRY€F.€TODD,€P.J.,€M.S.ÌÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€J.ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ