ÿWPCÀ …# VUNa %¯ 0cµU< w@T 4” ¨ · 0J¿ 0T 0^] 0h» 0r# 0|• 0† 0— 1u' 0dœ U>B)>DCg AMªU*÷9! 0DZfž BU6!v~WvÓÕ D3¨ 0@Û AOÆj 0D0 D/t B£˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÈÚØÚÚØÈÚ0nLHÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX(;1˜$¡¡Ò°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€XcXXXÔ-šBu Z‹$Arrus BT Roman 34E56D7D8U9î:;Ó€EDÒ 3|xE2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d7Border 1dd€-Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial /Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€!ÔÔ€!ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€!XÔÌÌMayÏ14,Ï1997ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó \Ñ\R AØ'\Ñ d< Œ 9p`(Courier NewPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€'dXXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÞ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àWESTERN€SECTION€AT€NASHVILLEÌà àà à€€€€______________________________________________ÌÌò òBETTY€BURGESS€and€CARTER€ÌBURGESS,€Individually€and€asÌParents€an€Next€Friend€of€CrockettÌBurgess,€a€minor,€ó óÌÌà àPlaintiffs„Appellants,€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCoffee€Circuit€No.27,148ÌVs.à àà àà àà àà àà àà àC.A.€No.01A01„9609„CV„00436ÌÌò òRICK€FLOYD€and€KERNEY€CISCOÌd/b/a€TULLAHOMA€CEE€BEE€STORE,ó óÌÌà àDefendants„Appellees.Ì____________________________________________________________________________ÌÌà@ àFROM€THE€COFFEE€COUNTY€CIRCUIT€COURTÌà@ àTHE€HONORABLE€JOHN€W.€ROLLINS,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌà@ àDoyle€E.€Richardson;€Rogers,€Richardson€&€DuncanÌà@ àof€Manchester,€For€AppellantsÌÌà@ àJohn€R.€Rucker,€Jr.;€Rucker,€Rucker€&€ColemanÌà@ àof€Murfreesboro,€For€AppelleesÌÌÌÌÌÌà@ àò òòòAFFIRMEDó óóóÌÌà@ àOpinion€filed:€€ÌÙ€€ÙßR€ "A1-j|lô` à. `€€@ÿRßÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òW.€FRANK€CRAWFORD,€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àPRESIDING€JUDGE,€W.S.ÌÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌALAN€E.€HIGHERS,€JUDGEÌÌDAVID€R.€FARMER,€JUDGEó óÑ€$ÑÇÑ7€'dXdìXXdì7ÑÑ  Ñ›ÓÓà àThis€is€a€product€liability€case.€€Plaintiffs,€Betty€Burgess€and€CarterÏBurgess€(the€Burgesses),€individually€and€as€parents€and€next€friend€of€CrockettÏBurgess,€a€minor,€appeal€the€trial€courtððs€order€granting€summary€judgment€inÏfavor€of€defendants,€Rick€Floyd€and€Kerney€Cisco€d/b/a/€Tullahoma€Cee€BeeÏStore€(Cee€Bee€Store).€€Ìà àOn€February€11,€1990,€the€Burgesses€purchased€two€and€a€half€cases€ofÏProSobee€from€the€Cee€Bee€Store€for€their€eight„month„old€son,€CrockettÏBurgess,€with€a€voucher€provided€to€them€by€the€Women,€Infants€andÏChildrenððs€Supplemental€Food€Program.€€ProSobee€is€a€concentrated€babyÏformula€manufactured€by€Mead€Johnson€&€Company€and€distributed€to€the€CeeÏBee€Store€by€C.B.€Ragland€&€Company.€€Rick€Floyd€and€Kerney€Cisco€are€theÏowners€and€operators€of€the€Cee€Bee€Store.€€The€Burgesses€first€finished€twoÏcans€of€ProSobee€left€from€a€previous€purchase.€€On€February€13,€1990,€theÏBurgesses€went€to€visit€Mrs.€Burgessððs€mother.€While€at€her€motherððs€house,ÏMrs.€Burgess€prepared€a€can€of€the€ProSobee€formula€that€she€bought€from€theÏCee€Bee€Store€two€days€earlier.€€Mrs.€Burgess€did€not€check€the€expiration€dateÏon€the€ProSobee€can€and,€after€preparing€the€ProSobee,€threw€the€can€into€œher›Ïmotherððs€trash.€€The€ProSobee€looked€and€appeared€normal.€€It€was€white€andÏdid€not€have€any€lumps.€€Mrs.€Burgess€shook€up€the€can,€opened€it,€and€pouredÏthe€ProSobee€into€a€jug.€€She€then€mixed€in€distilled€water€that€she€kept€in€theÍrefrigerator,€poured€the€mixture€into€individual€bottles,€put€the€nipples€on€theÏbottles,€and€put€the€bottles€into€the€refrigerator.€€Before€feeding€Crockett,€sheÏput€his€bottle€in€a€bowl€and€ran€warm€tap€water€over€the€bottle€to€warm€it€up.€ÏCrockett€drank€the€whole€bottle€at€about€11:00€a.m.€and€then€fell€asleep.€€WhenÏhe€woke€up€from€his€nap€a€couple€of€hours€later,€he€began€throwing€up€and€hadÏdiarrhea.€€€The€Burgesses€ate€dinner€and€then€decided€to€take€Crockett€home.€ÏThey€stopped€off€at€the€Cee€Bee€store€to€buy€cigarettes.€€Mrs.€Burgess€told€theÏcashier€that€Crockett€was€not€feeling€well,€and€the€cashier€told€her€to€go€homeÏand€check€the€baby€formula.€€Mrs.€Burgess€went€home,€checked€the€unopenedÏcans€of€formula€stored€under€her€sink,€and€found€that€some€of€the€cans€had€anÏApril€1986€expiration€date.€€After€speaking€with€Dr.€Shirley€Bard,€CrockettððsÏpediatrician,€the€Burgesses€took€Crockett€to€the€Harton€Regional€MedicalÏCenter€where€he€was€admitted€and€remained€for€six€days.€€Crockett€wasÏdiagnosed€with€dehydration€due€to€gastroenteritis€and€diarrhea€and€testedÏpositive€for€rotavirus,€a€virus€transmitted€by€humans.€€He€was€transferred€toÏVanderbilt€University€Medical€Center,€and€his€diagnosis€upon€discharge€wasÏgastroenteritis.€Ìà àOn€February€8,€1991,€the€Burgesses€filed€suit€against€Mead€Johnson€&ÏCompany€(Mead€Johnson),€€C.B.€Ragland€&€Company,€and€Rick€Floyd€andÍKerney€Cisco€d/b/a€Tullahoma€Cee€Bee€Store€alleging€that€the€baby€formula€wasÏspoiled,€poisonous,€and€contaminated€and€that€Crockett€suffers€fromÏdevelopmental€deficits€and€delays€as€a€result€of€ingesting€the€outdatedÏProSobee.€€The€complaint€relies€on€the€theories€of€òòres€ipsa€loquituróó,€strict€liability,Ïnegligence,€and€breach€of€warranty.€€All€of€the€defendants€filed€motions€forÏsummary€judgment,€and€on€May€27,€1994,€the€trial€court€granted€summaryÏjudgment€on€the€issue€of€òòres€ipsa€loquituróó€as€to€all€defendants€and€on€strictÏliability€as€to€defendants€C.B.€Ragland€Company€and€the€Cee€Bee€Store.€€TheÏtrial€court€also€overruled€the€defendantsðð€motions€on€the€issues€of€negligenceÏand€breach€of€the€implied€warranty€of€merchantability.€€On€June€21,€1994,€theÏBurgesses€voluntarily€dismissed€their€lawsuit.€€The€Burgesses€refiled€their€suitÏagainst€the€same€defendants€on€May€26,€œ1995›€œand,€as€to€the€defendants€in€thisÏappeal,€rely€on€the€theories€of€negligence€and€breach€of€implied€warranty€ofÏmerchantability.€€On›€May€1,€1996,€all€of€the€defendants€again€filed€motions€forÏsummary€œjudgment,€and€after€a€hearing€on€July€3,€1996,€an€order€was€entered€on›ÏJulyœ11,›€œ1996›€œgranting€summary›€judgment€in€favor€of€all€the€defendants.€€TheÏBurgesses€appeal€the€trial€courtððs€decision€only€as€to€defendants€Rick€Floyd€andÏKerney€Cisco€d/b/a€Tullahoma€Cee€Bee€Store.€€Ìà àœThe›€Burgesses€basically€present€one€issue€for€review:€€Whether€the€trialÍcourt€erred€in€granting€summary€judgment€in€favor€of€defendants€Rick€FloydÏand€Kerney€Cisco€d/b/a€Tullahoma€Cee€Bee€Store€on€the€issues€of€negligence€andÏbreach€of€the€implied€warranty€of€merchantability.Ìà àA€trial€court€should€grant€a€motion€for€summary€judgment€only€if€theÏmovant€demonstrates€that€there€are€no€genuine€issues€of€material€fact€and€thatÏthe€moving€party€is€entitled€to€judgment€as€a€matter€of€law.€€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€P.Ï56.03;€€ò òòòByrd€v.€Hallóóó ó,€847€S.W.2d€208,€210€(Tenn.€1993);€òòò òDunn€v.€Hackettó óóó,€833ÏS.W.2d€78,€80€(Tenn.€App.€1992).€€The€party€moving€for€summary€judgmentÏbears€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€no€genuine€issue€of€material€fact€exists.€òòò òÏByrdó óóó,€847€S.W.2d€at€210.€€On€a€motion€for€summary€judgment,€ð ðthe€courtÏmust€take€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€in€favor€of€theÏnonmoving€party,€allow€all€reasonable€inferences€in€favor€of€that€party,€andÏdiscard€all€countervailing€evidence.ðð€òòò ò€Idó óóó.€at€210„11.€€In€òòò òByrdó óóó,€the€TennesseeÏSupreme€Court€stated:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àOnce€it€is€shown€by€the€moving€party€that€there€is€noÏgenuine€issue€of€material€fact,€the€nonmoving€partyÏmust€then€demonstrate,€by€affidavits€or€discoveryÏmaterials,€that€there€is€a€genuine,€material€factÏdispute€to€warrant€a€trial.€€In€this€regard,€Rule€56.05Ïprovides€that€the€nonmoving€party€cannot€simply€relyÏupon€his€pleadings€but€must€set€forth€òòspecific€factsóóÏshowing€that€there€is€a€genuine€issue€of€material€factÏfor€trial.Ì€à@ àÌÓÓòòò òIdó óóó.€at€211€(emphasis€in€original)(citations€omitted).€€Where€a€genuine€disputeÏexists€as€to€any€material€fact€or€as€to€the€conclusions€to€be€drawn€from€thoseÏfacts,€a€court€must€deny€a€motion€for€summary€judgment.€òòò ò€Id.€ó óóó(citing€òòò òDunnó óóó,Ï833€S.W.2d€at€80).Ìà àThe€Burgesses€œassert€that›€the€trial€court€erred€in€granting€summaryÏjudgment€because€there€is€œa€genuine›€issue€of€material€fact€œconcerning€theÏliability€of€appellees.€Ìà àProduct€liability€actions€in€this€state€are€governed€by€the€TennesseeÏProducts€Liability€Act€of€1978.€€T.C.A.€ðððð€29„28„101€òòet€seq.óó€(1980€&€Supp.Ï1996).€€Section€29„28„105€provides€the€following:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àò ò29„28„105.€€Determination€of€defective€orÏdangerous€condition.€„€ó ó(a)€A€manufacturer€or€sellerÏof€a€product€shall€not€be€liable€for€any€injury€to€personÏor€property€caused€by€the€product€unless€the€productÏis€determined€to€be€in€a€defective€condition€orÏunreasonably€dangerous€at€the€time€it€left€the€controlÏof€the€manufacturer€of€seller.ÌÌà8 àà8 à(b)€In€making€this€determination€the€state€ofÏscientific€and€technological€knowledge€available€to€theÏmanufacturer€or€seller€at€the€time€the€product€wasÏplaced€on€the€market,€rather€than€at€the€time€ofÏinjury,€is€applicable.€€Consideration€is€given€also€to€theÏcustomary€designs,€methods,€standards€and€techniquesÏof€manufacturing,€inspecting€and€testing€by€otherÏmanufacturers€or€sellers€of€similar€products.ÌÌà8 àà8 à(c)€€The€provisions€of€this€section€do€not€apply€to€anÍaction€based€on€express€warranty€or€misrepresentationÏregarding€the€chattel.ÌÌà8 àà8 à(d)€A€product€is€not€unreasonably€dangerous€becauseÏof€failure€to€adequately€warn€of€a€danger€or€hazardÏthat€is€apparent€to€the€ordinary€user.ÌÌT.C.A.€ðð€29„28„105€(1980).€€ÓÓAs€this€Court€stated€in€ò òòòFulton€v.€Pfizer€HospitalÏProducts€Group,€Inc.ó óóó,€872€S.W.2d€908€(Tenn.€App.€1993):ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àPlaintiff€must€prove€that€the€product€was€defective,Ïregardless€of€the€legal€theory€upon€which€he€relies.€ÌÌà8 àà8 àà8 àIndeed,€it€makes€no€difference€whetherÏthe€complaint€is€couched€in€terms€ofÏnegligence,€strict€liability,€or€breach€ofÏwarranty,€it€has€generally€been€held€in€theÏState€of€Tennessee€that€in€order€for€aÏplaintiff€to€recover€under€any€theory€ofÏproduct€liability,€the€plaintiff€mustÏestablish€that€the€product€was€defectiveÏ[or]€unreasonably€dangerous€at€the€timeÏthe€product€left€the€control€of€theÏmanufacturer.€€€€à àÌÌò òòòId.ó óóó€at€911€(citations€omitted).€€ÓÓSection€29„28„102(2)€provides€the€followingÏdefinition€of€a€defective€condition:€€€€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à(2)€ð ðDefective€conditionðð€means€a€condition€of€aÏproduct€that€renders€it€unsafe€for€normal€orÏanticipatable€handling€and€consumption.ÌÌÓÓT.C.A.€ðð€29„28„102(2)€(1980).€€The€Burgesses€assert€that€the€can€of€ProSobeeÏingested€by€Crockett€was€defective€and€that€they€are€€entitled€to€recovery.€€à àÌà àIn€support€of€its€motion€for€summary€judgment,€Cee€Bee€Store€relies€onÏthe€affidavits€submitted€in€support€of€its€co„defendants€as€well€as€the€affidavitÏsubmitted€by€Rick€Floyd.€€William€R.€Cross,€the€Director€of€Quality€AssuranceÏat€Mead€Johnson,€submitted€an€affidavit€stating€that€he€reviewed€the€recordsÏdocumenting€the€testing€of€the€batch€of€ProSobee€alleged€by€the€Burgesses€toÏbe€defective.€€Cross€stated€that€FDA€regulations€require€that€all€sterile€products,Ïincluding€baby€formula,€be€manufactured€to€be€free€from€contaminants€such€asÏbacteria€and€other€substances.€€He€further€stated€that€the€FDA€regulationsÏrequire€that€the€product€be€sealed€in€a€container€that€prevents€the€entry€ofÏmicroorganisms€or€other€harmful€substances€when€normally€stored€so€that€theÏproducts€remains€sterile€after€processing€and€until€the€container€is€opened.€ÏCross€€stated€that€ProSobee€is€manufactured€as€a€sterile€product€under€FDAÏregulations€and€that€the€sterility€of€the€product€is€not€affected€in€any€mannerÏby€its€ð ðuse€byðð€date€or€expiration€date.€€€A€can€of€ProSobee€that€is€past€itsÏexpiration€date€will€maintain€its€labeled€amounts€of€minerals,€protein,€fat,€andÏcarbohydrates,€but€it€may€not€provide€the€minimum€levels€of€vitamins€set€forthÏon€the€label.€€It€is€for€these€reasons€that€the€Mead€Johnson€stamps€an€expirationÏon€ProSobee€baby€formula.€€Cross€further€stated€that€a€properly€stored,Ïunopened€can€of€ProSobee€consumed€even€four€years€beyond€its€expiration€dateÍwill€not€grow€bacteria€or€organisms€harmful€to€a€child€and€will€not€spoil€orÏdeteriorate€to€the€extent€that€harm€to€an€infant€will€result.€€€Ìà àDr.€Donna€Seger,€a€toxicologist€and€head€of€the€Poison€Control€Center€atÏVanderbilt€University€Medical€Center,€also€submitted€an€affidavit€in€support€ofÏMead€Johnson.€€Dr.€Seger€stated€that€it€was€her€opinion,€based€on€a€reasonableÏdegree€of€medical€certainty,€that€a€can€of€ProSobee€four€years€past€its€ð ðuse€byððÏdate€would€not€contain€poisonous€toxins.€Ìà àDr.€George€L.€Baker,€Vice€President€and€Medical€Director€for€MeadÏJohnson,€€also€submitted€an€affidavit€in€support€of€Mead€Johnson,€stating€thatÏother€than€not€satisfying€the€vitamin€allowance€as€stated€on€the€container,€aÏsingle€feeding€of€ProSobee€past€its€expiration€date€will€not€otherwise€affect€orÏharm€an€infant.€€He€further€stated€that€it€was€his€opinion,€to€a€reasonableÏdegree€of€medical€certainty,€that€ingesting€a€can€of€ProSobee€outdated€by€fourÏyears€would€not€cause€gastroenteritis€or€diarrhea.€€Ìà àRick€Floyd€also€submitted€an€affidavit€stating€that€he€checked€the€datesÏof€all€the€products€when€he€bought€the€Cee€Bee€Store€in€November€of€1988€andÏthat€all€of€the€out„of„date€products€were€removed€from€the€store.€€He€alsoÏstated€that€ProSobee€is€a€fast€moving€product,€that€it€is€difficult€to€keep€theÏformula€in€stock,€and€that€he€has€run€out€of€the€formula€on€many€occasions.€€Ìà àThe€defendants€also€submitted€the€deposition€of€Dr.€Shirley€Bard,ÏCrockettððs€pediatrician,€who€stated€that€she€could€not€say€to€a€reasonableÏdegree€of€medical€certainty€whether€the€water€mixed€with€the€ProSobee,€the€jugÏused€to€mix€the€water€and€the€ProSobee,€or€a€ð ðbugðð€caused€Crockettððs€illness.€ÏShe€further€stated€that€she€had€no€medical€or€scientific€proof€that€ProSobeeÏdevelops€toxins€if€past€its€expiration€date.€€In€addition,€Dr.€Bard€admitted€thatÏthe€test€performed€on€one€of€the€out„of„date€ProSobee€cans€supplied€by€theÏBurgesses€was€negative€for€bacteria.Ìà àIn€response€to€the€defendantsðð€motions€for€summary€judgment,€theÏBurgesses€submitted€the€affidavit€of€Dr.€Bard,€which€incorporated€a€transcriptÏof€an€interview€in€which€she€stated€that€she€believes€Crockettððs€illness€wasÏcaused€by€the€ProSobee€because€ð ðthe€proximity€is€just€there.ðð€The€BurgessesÏalso€submitted€Dr.€Bardððs€medical€records€relating€to€Crockettððs€illness€and€theÏcomplaints€filed€with€the€United€States€Food€&€Drug€Administration€(FDA)€ofÏfour€infants€who€became€ill€after€ingesting€outdated€cans€of€ProSobee.€Ìà àThe€Burgesses€did€not€set€forth€specific€facts€to€prove€that€the€particularÏcan€of€ProSobee€ingested€by€Crockett€was€past€its€expiration€date.€€EvenÏassuming€that€Crockett€ingested€a€can€of€ProSobee€that€was€past€its€expirationÏdate,€the€Burgesses€offered€no€proof€that€an€outdated€can€of€ProSobee€isÍdefective.€€As€this€Court€asserted€in€ò òòòWhaley€v.€Rheem€Manufacturing€Co.ó óóó,€900ÏS.W.2d€296€(Tenn.€App.€1995),€mere€proof€of€an€injury€is€not€enough€by€itselfÏto€prove€the€existence€of€a€defect.€€ò òòòId.ó óóó€at€299.€€Thus,€the€mere€fact€thatÏCrockett€became€ill€after€drinking€an€out€of€date€can€of€ProSobee€is€not€enoughÏin€and€of€itself€to€establish€that€an€out€of€date€can€of€ProSobee€is€defective.€€InÏaddition,€even€if€the€complaints€of€similar€illnesses€on€file€with€the€FDA€wouldÏbe€admissible€to€prove€that€an€outdated€can€of€ProSobee€is€defective,€theÏBurgesses€failed€to€set€forth€any€specific€facts€to€establish€that€Crockettððs€illnessÏwas€caused€by€ingesting€an€outdated€can€of€ProSobee.€Ìà àIn€summary,€we€conclude€that€the€Burgesses€did€not€establish€that€anÏoutdated€can€of€ProSobee€is€a€defective€product€under€T.C.A.€ðð€29„20„102€orÏthat€Crockettððs€illness€was€caused€by€ingesting€an€outdated€can€of€ProSobee.€ÏThere€are€no€genuine€issues€of€material€fact,€and€appellees€are€entitled€toÏjudgment€as€a€matter€of€law.€€Ìà àAccordingly,€the€order€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€Costs€of€this€appealÏare€assessed€against€appellants.€€ÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà à_________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òW.€FRANK€CRAWFORD,€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àPRESIDING€JUDGE,€W.S.ó óÌò òCONCUR:ÌÌ____________________________________ÌALAN€E.€HIGHERS,€JUDGEó óÌÌ____________________________________Ìò òDAVID€R.€FARMER,€JUDGEó óœÔ€&ÔÔ€&Ô