ÿWPCÄ …# VUFa %§ 07­äk 4n ‚ ‘ w ‘ 0J› 0Tå 0^9 0h— 0rÿ 0|q 0†í 0s 1u U,x 0d¤ U,U64B)jDC“ AMÖU*# BM 0Ujý¿Ÿ¼v~[ D3ÙvÓ  0@ß AOÆn 0D4 D/x B§˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0†<¾½Q 9Z ‹.Courier New RegularX&âõ$¡Ñ€²Ñ Ö€ÿÿÖ aÝ ƒ&¦)ÝÝ  ÝÒܰÒÒ„°Òà@ÜÜ-àÚ  Ú2Ú  Úà~| 3|x£˜Ó€2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d!!!!7Border 1dd€-"Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial d(-3¦$©©Ý ƒâõ!ÝÑ€²ÑÝ  Ý óÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÔ€$ÔÔ€$ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€$XÔÌÌò òMay€14,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€$ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó •Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ&)ÝÝ  ÝÒ Ü ÒÒ „ Òà@ àÚ  ÚÚ  ÚPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@%%%%'ÿÿdxdStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€X„d&ÓÑ#€Xd#ÑÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÒ Ü ÒÒ „ ÒÙ€€ÙÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑßL€#'";+'h|` Å `€€LßÌÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€IN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OFÏTENNESSEE€ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌCARTER€COUNTY€BOARD€OF€€€€€€€:€€€€CARTER€CHANCERY€ÌEDUCATION€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:€€€€CA€No.€03A01„9509„CH„00318Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:Ì€€€€€Plaintiff„Appellee€€€€€€:Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:Ìvs.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:€€€€HON.€THOMAS€J.€SEELEY,€JR.Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:€€€€CHANCELLOR€BY€INTERCHANGE€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:ÌCARTER€COUNTY€EDUCATION€€€€€€:ÌASSOCIATION€and€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:ÌCHELE€DUGGER€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:Ì€€€€€Defendants„Appellants€€€:€€€€AFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌCHARLES€HAMPTON€WHITE,€RICHARD€L.€COLBERT,€and€REBECCA€WELLS„DAMAREE,€WITH€CORNELIUS€&€COLLINS,€OF€NASHVILLE,€TENNESSEE,€FORÏAPPELLANTS.€ÌÌJOHN€K.€BANKS€and€THOMAS€R.€BANKS,€WITH€BANKS€AND€BANKS,€OFÏELIZABETHTON,€TENNESSEE,€FOR€APPELLEEÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€O€P€I€N€I€O€NÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Sanders,€Sp.J.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àThe€pivotal€issue€on€this€appeal€is€whether€a€countyÏschool€board€which€has€entered€into€a€collective€bargainingÏagreement€with€the€teachers'€union€has€the€non„delegable€right€toÏemploy€the€principal€of€a€school,€or€is€the€action€of€the€schoolÏÖ€(Öboard€subject€to€binding€arbitration€at€the€behest€of€the€unionÏand€a€member€seeking€the€position.€€We€hold€it€is€a€non„delegableÏduty€of€the€board€not€subject€to€binding€arbitration,€and€affirmÏthe€trial€court.ÌÌà àà àThe€Plaintiff„Appellee,€Carter€County€Board€of€EducationÏ(Board),€was€created€pursuant€to€TCA€ðð€49„2„101,€et€seq.,€andÏpossessed€all€the€powers€and€responsibilities€to€operate€theÏCarter€County€school€system€as€set€forth€in€the€statute.€ÏDefendant„Appellant€Carter€County€Educational€AssociationÏ(Association)€represents€the€professional€employees€of€the€BoardÏof€Education€pursuant€to€TCA€ðð€49„5„603.€€The€Board€and€theÏAssociation€entered€into€a€collective€bargaining€agreement€inÏJune,€1992,€effective€from€July€1,€1992,€to€June€30,€1995,Ïpursuant€to€TCA€ðð€49„5„601,€et€seq.ÌÌà àà àIn€July,€1994,€Mr.€Ernest€Rasar,€superintendent€ofÏCarter€County€schools,€posted€a€notice€of€a€vacancy€for€theÏprincipalship€of€Hampton€High€School€in€Carter€County.€€ThreeÏteachers€in€the€Carter€County€school€system€filed€applications€forÏthe€position€„€the€Defendant„Appellant€Chele€Dugger,€JeffÏAldridge,€and€John€Hyatt.ÌÌà àà àOn€or€about€September€8,€1994,€upon€the€recommendationÏof€Superintendent€Rasar,€the€Board€of€Education€elected€Mr.ÏAldridge€as€principal€of€Hampton€High€School.€€Ms.€Dugger€timelyÏfiled€a€grievance€challenging€the€action€of€the€Board€in€electingÏMr.€Aldridge€to€the€principalship,€alleging€he€had€less€seniorityÏand€was€less€qualified€than€she.€€Mr.€Rasar€denied€the€grievanceÏand€the€Board€met€and€reaffirmed€its€election€of€Mr.€Aldridge€asÏprincipal€of€the€school.ÌÌà àà àThe€Association€and€Ms.€Dugger€requested€final€andÏbinding€arbitration€pursuant€to€the€voluntary€rules€of€theÏAmerican€Arbitration€Association.€€The€Board€rejected€the€request.€ÏThe€Board€was€later€informed€by€the€American€ArbitrationÏAssociation€it€would€proceed€with€the€arbitration€unless€"stayedÏby€court€order",€which€precipitated€this€litigation.ÌÌà àà àThe€Board€of€Education€filed€suit€against€theÏAssociation€and€Chele€Dugger€seeking€a€declaratory€judgmentÏpursuant€to€TCA€ðð€29„14„102,€asking€the€court€to€declare€the€BoardÏof€Education€had€the€exclusive€right€and€duty€to€employ€theÏprincipal€of€the€school€and€such€right€and€duty€was€not€subject€toÏcollective€bargaining€and€that€the€duty€to€employ€the€principal€ofÏthe€school€was€a€non„delegable€duty€held€by€the€Board€ofÏEducation.€€The€Board€asked€the€court€for€injunctive€relief,Ïincluding€a€temporary€restraining€order€restraining€theÏarbitration€proceeding.ÌÌà àà àThe€court€issued€a€temporary€restraining€order€and€uponÏthe€trial€of€the€case€found€the€issues€in€favor€of€the€Board€ofÏEducation.€€The€court€filed€a€€Memorandum€Opinion€&€Order€in€whichÏthe€conclusion€and€order€of€the€court,€as€pertinent,€was€asÏfollows:€€"The€duty€of€the€Carter€County€Board€of€Education€toÏelect€a€principal€set€forth€in€T.C.A.€ðð49„2„203(a)(1)€is€a€non„delegable€duty.€€The€mandatory€performance€of€that€statutory€dutyÏis€not€subject€to€arbitration.€€It€is€a€right€and€responsibilityÏ'preserved'€to€the€Board€(T.C.A.€ðð49„5„604(a)),€and€the€scope€ofÏany€collective€bargaining€agreement€cannot€contain€any€proposalÏcontrary€to€that€right.€(T.C.A.€ðð49„5„612(a)(3).Ìà àà à"The€defendants,€Carter€County€Education€Association€andÏChele€Dugger,€are€ò òENJOINEDó ó€from€seeking€arbitration€of€theÍdecision€of€the€Carter€County€Board€of€Education€in€its€selectionÏof€principal€for€Hampton€High€School."ÌÌà àà àThe€Association€and€Ms.€Dugger€have€appealed,€saying€theÏcourt€was€in€error€in€holding€the€duty€of€the€Board€of€EducationÏto€elect€a€principal€of€the€school€was€a€non„delegable€duty€andÏnot€subject€to€arbitration€and€also€the€court€erred€in€failing€toÏconsider€the€application€of€the€Tennessee€Uniform€Arbitration€Act.€ÏWe€cannot€agree,€and€affirm€for€the€reasons€hereinafter€stated.ÌÌà àà àAll€of€the€rights€and€privileges€of€the€professionalÏemployees€of€the€Board€of€Education,€as€they€relate€to€organizing,Ïnegotiating,€and€collective€bargaining€agreements,€are€governed€byÏTCA€ðð€49„1„101,€et€seq.€€TCA€ðð€49„5„603€specifically€gives€theÏprofessional€employees€"the€right€to€self„organization...throughÏrepresentatives€of€their€own€choosing",€etc.€€TCA€ðð€49„5„604(a),Ïas€pertinent,€provides:€"Those€rights€and€responsibilities€ofÏboards€of€education,€superintendents€and€professional€employees€asÏcontained€in€this€title€[49]€are€not€statutorily€modified€orÏrepealed€by€this€part."€€TCA€ðð€49„5„611€set€forth€a€limited€numberÏof€issues€which€are€subject€to€negotiations€between€the€Board€ofÏEducation€and€the€professional€employees'€organization€as€follows:ÌÒ  ÒÒ Ü ÒÓÓà àò òScope€of€negotiations.ó ó„„(a)The€board€ofÏeducation€and€the€recognized€professional€employees'Ïorganization€shall€negotiate€in€good€faith€theÏfollowing€conditions€of€employment:Ìà à(1)€Salaries€or€wages;€Ìà à(2)€Grievance€procedures;€Ìà à(3)€Insurance;€Ìà à(4)€Fringe€benefits,€but€not€to€include€pensionsÏor€retirement€programs€of€the€Tennessee€consolidatedÏretirement€system;Ìà à(5)€Working€Conditions;€Ìà à(6)€Leave;€Ìà à(7)€Student€discipline€procedures;€and€Ìà à(8)€Payroll€deduction.€Ìà à(b)€Nothing€shall€prohibit€the€parties€fromÏagreeing€to€discuss€other€terms€and€conditions€ofÏemployment€in€service,òò€but€it€shall€not€be€bad€faith€asÏset€forth€in€this€part€to€refuse€to€negotiate€on€anyÏother€terms€and€conditionsóó.€€Either€party€may€file€aÏcomplaint€in€a€court€of€record€of€any€demands€to€meetÏon€other€terms€and€conditions€and€have€an€order€of€theÏcourt€requiring€the€other€party€to€continue€to€meet€inÏgood€faith€on€the€required€items€of€òòthisóó€òòsection€onlyóó.€Ï(Emphasis€ours.)ÌÌà àTCA€ðð€49„5„612(a),€as€pertinent,€provides:ÌÌà à(a)€The€scope€of€a€memorandum€of€agreement€shallÏextend€to€all€matters€negotiated€between€the€board€ofÏeducation€and€the€professional€employees'€organization;Ïprovided,€that€the€scope€of€such€agreement€shall€notÏinclude€proposals€contrary€to:Ìà à(1)€Federal€or€state€law€or€applicable€municipalÏcharter;Ìà à(2)€Professional€employee€rights€defined€in€thisÏpart;€and€Ìà à(3)€Board€of€education€rights€contained€in€thisÏtitle.ÌÌà àSection€(c)€further€provides:€ÌÌà à(c)€A€board€of€education€and€a€recognizedÏprofessional€employees'€organization€who€enter€into€anÏagreement€covering€terms€and€conditions€of€professionalÏservice€and/or€other€matters€of€mutual€concern€mayÏinclude€in€such€agreement€procedures€for€final€andÏbinding€arbitration€of€such€disputes€as€may€ariseÏinvolving€the€interpretation,€application€or€violationÏof€such€agreement.ÌÌà àÌÌà àTCA€ðð€49„2„203(a)(1)€provides:ÌÌà à(a)€It€is€the€duty€of€the€local€board€of€educationÏto:Ìà à(1)€Elect€principals,€supervisors,€teachers,Ïeducational€assistants,€attendance€officers,€clericalÏassistants€and€other€employees€authorized€by€thisÏtitle,€and€to€fix€salaries€for€such€authorizedÏpositions€according€to€the€provisions€of€this€title;Ï....ÌÌÌÌÒ Ü ÒÒ „ ÒÓÓà àà àA€review€of€the€statutory€provisions€quoted€above€makesÏit€clear€that€only€the€Board€of€Education€has€the€right€orÏauthority€to€fill€the€vacancy€for€the€principalship€of€HamptonÏHigh€School.€€It€is€also€made€clear€by€the€statutory€provisionsÏthat€the€issue€of€filling€the€principalship€is€not€an€issueÏsubject€to€collective€bargaining.€€And€even€if€such€an€issue€wereÏincluded€by€the€mutual€consent€of€the€parties€into€the€collectiveÏbargaining€agreement,€it€would€be€in€direct€violation€of€TCAÌðð€49„5„611(a)€and€ðð€49„5„602(a)(3).€€It€would€also€be€a€non„delegable€authority€not€subject€to€binding€arbitration€and€inÏviolation€of€ðð€49„2„203(a)(1)€which€confers€the€duty€on€the€localÏboard€of€education€to€elect€principals,€supervisors,€etc.ÌÌà àà àThe€issue€in€the€case€at€bar€appears€to€be€a€case€ofÏfirst€impression€in€this€jurisdiction.€€We€have€been€cited€to€noÏcases€in€this€jurisdiction,€nor€have€we€found€any,€which€directlyÏaddress€the€issue€before€us.€€It€appears,€however,€to€be€aÏuniversal€rule€that€issues€within€the€prerogative€of€managementÍare€not€proper€subjects€for€collective€bargaining€or€negotiation.€Ï84€ALR€3d€242,€under€the€subject€of€"Bargainable€or€NegotiableÏIssues€in€State€Public€Employment€Labor€Relations"€deals€with€aÏbroad€variety€of€issues€which€have€been€held€to€be€bargainable€andÏnon„bargainable.€€On€page€255,€"II€General€limitations€on€scope€ofÏbargaining€or€negotiation"€states:ÌÒ 4 ÒÒ Ü ÒÓÓ[a]€ò òGenerallyó óà àÌà àPerhaps€the€single€greatest,€and€almost€universallyÏrecognized,€limitation€on€the€scope€of€bargaining€orÏnegotiation€by€state€public€employees€is€the€concept€ofÏmanagerial€prerogative€as€it€has€developed€in€the€publicÏsector.€€In€essence,€the€concept€creates€a€dichotomyÏbetween€"bargainable"€issues,€that€is,€those€issuesÏwhich€affect€conditions€of€employment,€and€issues€ofÏ"policy"€which€are€exclusively€reserved€to€governmentÏdiscretion€and€cannot€be€made€mandatory€subjects€ofÏbargaining.€€The€courts€in€the€following€cases€haveÏrecognized€the€rule€that€issues€which€fall€within€theÏcategory€of€management€prerogatives€are€not€properÏsubjects€of€bargaining€or€negotiation.€ÌÌÒ Ü ÒÒ „ ÒÓÓCases€from€13€states€are€cited€which€are€supportive€of€theÏholding.ÌÌà àà àThe€chancellor€filed€an€excellent€memorandum€opinion€inÏwhich€he€quoted€from,€and€relied€upon€as€supportive€of€hisÏholding,€the€case€of€ò òBerkshire€Hillsó ó€ò òRegional€School€DistrictÏCommittee€v.€Berkshire€Hills€Education€Association,€etÏal.ó ó,€377€N.E.2d€940€(Sup.Jud.Ct.Mass.1978).€€As€pertinent,€heÏsaid:€€"The€Board€cited€authority€in€support€of€non„arbitrabilityÏinvolving€a€principal,€ò òBerkshire€Hills€Regional€SchoolÏDistrict€Committee€v.€Berkshire€Hills€EducationÍAssociation,€et€al,ó ó€377€N.E.2d€940€(1978);€a€supervisor€ofÏvocational€programs€ò òSchool€Committee€of€Springfield€v.ÏSpringfield€Administrators'€Associationó ó,€628€N.E.2d€33Ï(Mass.App.Ct.1994);€and€other€cases€involving€teachers€(citationsÏomitted).Ìà àà à"In€ò òBerkshire€Hillsó ó,€òòsupraóó,€the€selection€of€theÏprincipal€was€by€a€school€committee€upon€recommendation€by€theÏsuperintendent.€€One€Gray,€who€had€applied,€but€was€not€appointed,Ïwent€through€the€grievance€procedure€the€first€three€steps,€andÏthen€demanded€arbitration,€the€fourth€step.€€The€school€committeeÏsought€and€was€granted€a€stay€of€arbitration.€€The€trial€courtÏheld€that€the€appointment€of€principal€was€not€properlyÏarbitrable,€notwithstanding€that€procedure€for€filing€'everyÏvacancy€in€any€supervisory€position€or€other€professionalÏposition...'€was€covered€by€the€collective€bargaining€agreement.€ÏThe€school€committee€was€operating€under€a€statute€that€gave€itÏauthority€to€appoint€school€principals€and€to€fix€theirÏcompensation.€€The€Supreme€Judicial€Court€of€Massachusetts€agreedÏwith€the€trial€court,€reasoning€as€follows:ÌÒ 4 ÒÒ Ü ÒÓÓ"'[W]e€think€the€power€to€appoint€a€principal€comesÏwithin€the€area€of€the€school€committee's€nondelegable,Ïmanagerial€prerogative€over€educational€policy,€which€isÏnot€a€proper€subject€for€collective€bargaining€orÏarbitration.€€As€noted€by€the€Appeals€Court,€"[a]Ïprincipal€is€charged€by€G.L.c.€71,€ðð€59B,€with€the€dutyÏto€"plan,€manage,€operate€and€evaluate"€a€school'sÏeducational€program.€€He€is€the€senior€managementÏofficer€of€the€school€and€of€the€teaching€staff€of€theÏschool,€subject€only€to€the€superintendent€and€theÍschool€committee€itself.€€He€is€charged€withÏresponsibility€for€the€day„to„day€conduct€of€theÏschool's€educational€program.€(citation€omitted)€€AsÏsuch,€"it€is€manifest€that€the€appointment€of€aÏprincipal€{falls]€within€the€school€committee'sÏexclusive€and€nondelegable€powers."€€ò òBerkshire€Hills,Ïetc.ó ó,€377€N.E.2d€at€943.'ÌÌÒ Ü ÒÒ „ ÒÓÓà àÌà àà àAn€examination€of€the€statutory€duties€of€our€schoolÏprincipals€indicates€they€are€broader€than€the€statutory€duties€ofÏthe€Massachusetts€school€principals.€€TCA€ðð€49„2„303(a)(3)(b),€asÏpertinent,€states:ÌÒ 4 ÒÒ Ü ÒÓÓà à(b)€It€is€the€duty€of€the€principal€to:Ìà à(1)€Supervise€the€operation€and€management€of€theÏpersonnel€and€facilities€of€the€school€or€schools€ofÏwhich€he€is€principal€as€the€local€board€of€educationÏshall€determine;€Ìà à(2)€Assume€administrative€responsibility€andÏinstructional€leadership€under€the€supervision€of€theÏsuperintendent€and€in€accordance€with€the€writtenÏpolicies€of€the€local€board€of€education€for€theÏplanning,€management,€operation€and€evaluation€of€theÏeducation€program€of€the€schools€to€which€assigned;Ìà à(3)€Submit€recommendations€to€the€localÏsuperintendent€regarding€the€appointment,€assignment,Ïpromotion,€transfer€and€dismissal€of€all€personnelÏassigned€to€the€school€or€schools€under€his€care;€....Ï((4)(5)(6)(A)€(I„V)€omitted.)ÌÌÌÌÒ Ü ÒÒ „ ÒÓÓà àà àAppellant€also€argues€the€chancellor€erred€in€hisÏfailure€to€consider€and€apply€the€provisions€of€the€TennesseeÏUniform€Arbitration€Act,€TCA€ðð€29„5„301,€et€seq.€€The€AppellantÏraises€this€issue€for€the€first€time€on€appeal,€which€it€is€not€atÏliberty€to€do.€€ò òAirline€Construction,€Inc.€v.€Barr,€et€al.ó ó,Ï807€S.W.2d€247€(Tenn.App.1990);€ò òAtkins€v.€Kirkpatrickó ó,€et€al.,Í823€S.W.2d€547€(Tenn.App.1991)(;€ò òSimpson€v.€Frontier€CommunityÏCredit€Unionó ó,€810€S.W.2d€147€(Tenn.1991).€€There€is€also€anotherÏcompelling€reason€the€Tennessee€Uniform€Arbitration€Act€is€notÏapplicable€in€the€case€at€bar€„€It€is€specifically€excluded€fromÏthe€Education€Professional€Negotiations€Act,€TCA€ðð€49„5„602.ÌÌà àà àThe€issues€are€found€in€favor€of€the€Appellee.€€TheÏdecree€of€the€chancellor€is€affirmed€and€the€cost€of€this€appealÏis€taxed€to€the€Appellants.€€The€case€is€remanded€to€the€trialÏcourt€for€any€further,€necessary€proceedings.ÌÓÓÌÌÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€_________________________Ò Ü ÒÒ , Ò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÏClifford€E.€Sanders,€Sp.J.ÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:€ÌÌÌ______________________ÌHerschel€P.€Franks,€J.ÌÌÌ______________________ÌDon€T.€McMurray,€J.à à