ÿWPCÿ 4# èUNó %A 0(Gw@o4¯ÃÒ 0lÚ 0DFŠU@Š 0JÊ 0T 0Dh 0^¬ 0h Ær 0r8 0|ª AQ& 0Dw 0†» 0A 1uÑ 0dF Bª 0@Ç D3 D/: U>i B§ B)Ä DCí AM0 U*} e§ ݨ )…v~®vÓ,˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLHÎ&Öd9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ ¹ {º E» ¼ E½ ¾ D¿ À VÁ Ӏ äzz!3|x ((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ɸ·`(ZapfCalligr BTTT2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 52@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô$(Cþÿ<< Cÿÿ($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò""""'ÿÿdxd**'÷ÿ dxd< Œ 9p`(&Times New RomanüÿP Pd% Line 7 d++++7Border 1dd$,Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial ÓÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€)ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ"ÝÝ  Ýò òÔ€)ÔÓ  ÓÔ€.ÔÔ eee ÔFILEDÔ€.XÔó óÌò òÔ€.¼ÔÔ"USú ú, úÔÔ ƒ/ ÔÔ!  Ôó óÔ€.XÔÌÌò òCecil€Crowson,€Jr.Ô€ Ôó óÔ  ÔÌÔ€ ÂÔÔ€.ÔÔ eee Ôò òAppellate€Court€Clerkó óÔ  ÔÔ€ ÔÔ€ XÔ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€)ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€Cass€was€also€arrested€for€driving€under€the€influence€of€alcohol.€€He€was€indicted€by€theÏgrand€jury€and€was€tried€and€convicted€in€circuit€court.€€This€conviction€was€the€subject€of€aÏseparate€appeal€before€the€Tennessee€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals,€Case€No.€02C01„9411„CC„00248.€€Several€of€the€issues€raised€by€Cass€in€this€appeal€are€also€raised€in€his€appeal€of€the€DUIÏconviction.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€)ÔÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\Ñò òÑ\R AØ'\Ñà@ àÞ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEó óÌà@ àò òWESTERN€SECTION€AT€JACKSONÌà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌóóÌÌCITY€OF€ADAMSVILLE,€€€€€à àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àó óAppellee,€€€€€€€€€€€ò òà àà àà à)à àó óMcNairy€County€Circuit€No.€618€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)Ìvs.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à à€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌÙ€ÙßR€-0,A1-j|¸ûP â `€€@ÿRßBRIAN€K.€CASS,€€€€€€à àà à€€€€€€€€€€€à à)à àó óAppeal€No.€02A01„9606„CV„00141ò òÌ€€à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìó óà àAppellant.€€€€€€€€€€à àà àò òà à)à àÌòòó óÌò òóóÌ€€€ÌÌÌÌà@ àó óAPPEAL€FROM€THE€McNAIRY€COUNTY€CIRCUIT€COURT€Ìà@ àAT€SELMER,€TENNESSEE€€€€ÌÌÌÌÌà@ àTHE€HONORABLE€JOE€H.€WALKER,€JUDGE€€€€€ÌòòÌÌÌÌÌÌFor€the€Appellantóó:òòà àà àà àFor€the€Appelleeóó:òòÌóóÌBrian€K.€Cass,€Pro€Seà àà àà àCharles€W.€Burson€€€€€€€€€ÌSavannah,€Tennessee€€à àà àChristina€S.€ShevalierÌà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€Tennessee€€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌò òÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà à€AFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àPER€CURIAM€ó óÇØØÙ  ÙÓÓÓ  ÓÑ7€÷#XXdìXXdì7ÑÑ  Ñà@ àò òOPINIONó óÌ›à àAppellant€Brian€K.€Cass€(ð ðCassðð)€appeals€his€conviction€for€violation€of€several€cityÏordinances.€€We€affirm.Ìà àIn€the€early€morning€hours€of€January€30,€1994,€Officer€Johnnie€Williams,€an€officer€of€theÏCity€of€Adamsville€Police€Department,€observed€a€vehicle€traveling€at€52€miles€per€hour€(ð ðmphðð)€inÏa€30€mph€zone.€€It€is€undisputed€that€Cass€was€the€driver€of€the€speeding€car.€€The€officer€engagedÏthe€blue€lights€on€the€patrol€car€and€pursued€œCassððs€vehicle.€€In€response,€Cass€drove€out€of€townÏat€a€fast€rate€of€speed.€€After€traveling€approximately€one€and€one„half€miles,€Cass€stopped€the€car.Ìà àUpon€approaching€Cassððs€vehicle,€Officer€Williams€smelled€alcohol€on€Cass€and€asked€himÏto€step€out€of€the€vehicle.€€In€the€vehicle,€the€officer€found€an€open€can€of€beer.€ò ò€ó óOfficer€WilliamsÏissued€Cass€citations€for€failing€to€yield€to€blue€lights€and€for€having€an€open€container€of€anÏalcoholic€beverage€in€his€vehicle,€in€violation€of€the€ordinances€of€the€City€of€Adamsville.× ƒ1 ××  ×›€€TheÏmatter€was€tried€in€the€municipal€court€for€the€City€of€Adamsville,€and€Cass€was€found€to€haveÏviolated€the€ordinances.€€Cass€sought€a€òòò òde€novoó óóó€appeal€to€the€œcircuit›€œcourt›€of€McNairy€County,ÏTennessee.€€Ìà àAfter€a€bench€trial,€the€œcircuit›€œcourt›€sustained€œCassððs€conviction€for€failure€to€yield€to€blueÏlights€and€fined€him€$60€plus€court€costs.€€The€circuit›€œcourt›€also€sustained€œCassððs€conviction€forÏhaving€an€open€container€of€an€alcoholic€beverage€in€his€vehicle€and€fined€him€$10€plus€courtÏcosts.€€Cass€appealed€this€matter€to€the€Tennessee€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals.€€€Ìà àUnder€Rule€17€of€theTennessee›€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure,€the€Court€of€CriminalÏAppeals€transferred€the€appeal€to€this€Court€by€Order€entered€June€17,€1996.€€œSection›€œ16„5„108(a)(1)€of€the€Tennessee€Code€Annotated›€limits€the€jurisdiction€of€the€Court€of€Criminal€AppealsÏto€review€of€the€final€judgments€of€trial€courts€in€felony€and€misdemeanor€criminal€cases.€€œTenn.ÍCode€Ann.€ðð€16„5„108(a)(1)€(1994€&€Supp.€1996).€€€A›€municipal€ordinance€violation€is€civil€inÏnature€and€not€œcriminal.€€òòò òOððDell€v.€City€of€Knoxvilleó óóó,€379€S.W.2d€756,€757„58€(Tenn.Ï1964).€€Therefore,€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€lacked€jurisdiction€to€hear€this€appeal.€€òòò òSee€id.Ïat€758ó óóó;òòò ò€see€alsoó óóó€òòò òClark€v.€Metropolitan€Govt.€of€Nashville€and€Davidson€Countyó óóó,›Ï827€S.W.2d€312,€315€(Tenn.€App.€1991).€€Cass€filed€an€Application€for€Extraordinary€AppealÏwith€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€in€order€to€obtain€judicial€review€of€the€œorder€of€the€Court›€ofÏCriminal€œAppeals›€transferring€the€appeal€to€this€Court.€€The€Supreme€Court€denied€the€ApplicationÏby€Order€entered€November€25,€1996.€€œConsequently,›€this€Court€assumed€jurisdiction€of€theÏappeal.€Ìà àOur€review€of€this€case€is€governed€by€Rule€œ13(d)€of€the€Tennessee›€Rules€of€AppellateÏProcedure,€which€provides€that€review€of€the€œdecision€of€the€trial›€courtòò€óóshall€beòò€ò òde€novoó óóó€upon€theÏrecord,€accompanied€by€a€presumption€of€the€correctness€of€the€œfindings€of€fact.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.Ï13(d).›€€Unless€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence€is€otherwise,€we€must€affirm€the€trial€courtÏabsent€an€error€of€œlaw.€€ò òòòId.ó óóó;€›€ò òòòUnion€Carbide€Corp.€œv.›€Huddlestonó óóó,€854€S.W.2d€87,€91Ï(Tenn.€1993).€€Ìà àOn€appeal,€Cass€raises€a€variety€of€issues.€€He€œfirst€asserts›€œ€that›€the€police€officer€did€notÏhave€probable€cause€to€stop€him;€therefore,€the€fruits€of€the€subsequent€search€should€not€haveÏbeen€admitted€into€evidence.€€œHowever,€there€is€no€indication€in€the€record€that€Cass€made€anyÏmotion€to€suppress€this€evidence;€consequently,€the€issue€is€waived.€€Tenn€R.€Crim.€P.€12(b)(3);Ïò òòòState€v.€Eldridgeó óóó,€749€S.W.2d€756,€757€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988);€ò òòòState€v.€Burtonó óóó,€751ÏS.W.2d€440,€445€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€Ìà àHe›€also€asserts€that€the€testimony€of€the€police€officer€should€not€have€been€introduced€intoÏevidence€because€œthe›€officer€did€not€take€the€oath€of€office€prescribed€by€œthe€1987›€œTennessee›ÏœPrivate€€Acts.€€›€œò òòòSeeó óóó€1987€Tenn.€Priv.€Acts€Ch.€42›€œðð€3.08.›€€œThe€City€Charter€does€not€require€aÏpolice€officer€to€take€this€oath€of€office.€€Nonetheless,€the€record€contains€the€oath€of€office€takenÏby€Officer€Williams.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.€Ìà àAppellant›€œfurther€contends›€œthat›€the€œcity›€œjudge›€was€without€authority€to€hear€and€adjudicateÏthe€charges€because€he€was€appointed,€not€elected,€and€because€the€judge€allegedly€did€not€take€anÏoath€of€office.€€œ€€The€amended€Charter€for€the€City€of€Adamsville,€1987€Tenn.€Priv.€Acts.€Ch.€42,Ïðð€3.02,€provides€for€the€òòappointmentóó€of€the€following€officers:€ð ðcity€recorder,€city€attorney,€cityÏjudge€and€the€heads€of€all€departments€and€divisions€created€by€this€charter....ðð€€This€issue€isÏwithout€merit.€€The€record€contains€no€evidence€that€the€city€court€judge€was€improperly€selected€orÏthat€he€failed€to€take€any€required€oath€of€office.€€Appellantððs€assertion€is€without€merit.€€Ìà àCass€further€maintains›€œthat›€œDistrict›€Attorney€General€Elizabeth€Rice,€Assistant€DistrictÏAttorney€General€Ed€McDaniel€and€Circuit€Judge€Joseph€H.€Walker€did€not€take€a€valid€oath€ofÏœoffice.€€Section€8„18„111€of€the€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€sets€out€the€official€oath€of€office€forÏthese€officers.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€8„18„111€(1993€&€Supp.€1996).€€The€record€clearly€reflectsÏthat€Elizabeth€Rice€and€Ed€McDaniel€took€that€oath€of€office.€€Appellant€cites€no€competentÏevidence€in€the€record€that€Judge€Walker€acted€without€legal€authority,€and€our€review€of€the€recordÏreveals€no€such€evidence.€€Ìà àCass€also›€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€his€requests€for€assistance€of€œcounsel.›ÏœThe€record€reflects€that€the€trial€court€denied€Appellantððs€request€to€be€represented€by€someone€whoÏwas€not€an€attorney.€€Thereafter,€Appellant€requested€leave€of€court€to€represent€himself.€€The€trialÏcourt€properly€denied€Appellantððs€request€to€be€represented€by€someone€who€was€not€an€attorney.€ÏThe€unauthorized€practice€of€law€is€prohibited€by€statute.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€23„3„103€(1996),Ïòòò òsee€alsoó óóó,€Tenn.€S.€Ct.€R.€8,€Canon€3.›Ìœà àCass€claims€that€he€was€denied€his€right€to€indictment€by€a€grand€jury€under€Article€I,€ðð€14,Ïof€the€Tennessee€Constitution,€which€states€ð ð...€no€person€shall€be€put€to€answer€any€criminalÏcharge€but€by€presentment,€indictment€or€impeachment.ðð€€Art.€1,€ðð€14,€Tenn.€Const.€€€As€noted€byÏthe€Supreme€Court€in€òòò òLebanon€&€Big€Spring€Turnpike€Co.€v.€Stateó óóó,€141€Tenn.€675,€214ÏS.W.€819€(1919),€€ð ðthe€words€ððcriminal€chargeðð...€refer€only€to€prosecutions€of€the€grade€ofÏfelony.ðð€ò òòò€Id.ó óóó€at€677,€214€S.W.€at€821.€€Prosecutions€for€small€offenses€such€as€those€involved€inÍthe€instant€appeal€have€not€been€held€to€be€criminal€charges€within€the€meaning€of€Article€I,€ðð€14,Ïof€the€Tennessee€Constitution.€€ò òòòHoward€v.€Stateóóó ó,€143€Tenn.€539,€549,€227€S.W.€36,€48Ï(1920).€€In€ò òòòCapital€News€Co.€v.€Metropolitan€Government€of€Nashville€andÏDavidson€Countyóóó ó,€562€S.W.2d€430€(Tenn.€1978),€the€Supreme€Court€held€that€petty€offensesÏare€not€embraced€within€the€referenced€constitutional€section€and€that€indictment€is€not€required.€Ïò òòòId.ó óóó€at€432.€€Therefore,€this€issue€is€without€merit€as€well.€€à àCass€argues€on€appeal€that€he€wasÏdenied€a€right€to€a€jury€trial.€€The€constitutional€requirements€of€jury€trial€refer€only€to€prosecutionsÏof€the€grade€of€felony.ò òòò€€Lebanon€&€Big€Spring€Turnpike€Co.óóó ó,€143€Tenn.€at€549,€€214€S.W.Ïat€821.€€Similarly,€petty€offenses€are€not€embraced€within€the€constitutional€section€requiring€trialÏby€jury.€€ò òòòCapital€News€Co.óóó ó,€562€S.W.2d€at€432;€Art.€VI,€ðð€14,€Tenn.€Const.€€€Moreover,€CassÏdid€not€make€a€timely€request€for€a€jury.€€Therefore,€this€issue€is€waived€and€is€without€merit.€€ÌÇ›à àœAdditional›€issues€œraised€on›€œappeal€by€Cass€include›€issues€relating€to€the€sufficiency€of€theÏcitation,€prosecution€by€the€œcity›€œattorney,›€denial€of€the€right€of€compulsory€process,€doubleÏjeopardy,€denial€of€a€ð ðjudiciary€œtrial,ðð›€and€adoption€of€state€laws€by€the€City€of€œAdamsville.€€This›ÏCourt€has€considered€œeach€of€these€issues,€the›€entire€record€in€this€cause,€œand›€the€briefs€of€theÏparties.€€After€careful€consideration,€we€find€that€œthese›€issues€œare›€without€œmerit€as€well.›€The€CourtÏconcurs€in€the€facts€as€found€by€the€trial€court€and€finds€that€no€reversible€error€of€law€appears.€Ìà àœThe€decision€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€The›€costs€on€appeal€are€taxed€to€Appellant,€forÏwhich€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.€€Ìà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òPER€CURIAMó ó