ÿWPC! Ù䤀Ùìe™ÀI÷gLu2|_ Ø~ ¤ûÑ(<‡ôµÐF6Æp¹ìЕ²Óï5”Ôºþè3mM?½*»!ND ©ÔD nIé/çÔÏAG{’"M°Þ¿¥¢B…ûàP^CÝó<8«ŸXé÷•YÖA”ý…¿gt^g^¸lz«bÀƒU?i–pèkšGëòt™K©×ÀÐ4ôÃkMcªRóõÌ€ëI×nHîk‰h7'p bò©~×ñÈeåUEkÎË¢-‚m¡O/í8­VÚÛeãl:á;–@ı\`™Qù"…õ£ãåW¥‚½!à2ÀÎ]ê`4!3ûìóDŒ ­®"àì’)£šq„~Ü\ëØWšõñÖØMU¿›sû½ Õù×Ðhi"ˆÞ·Ï|¥ùKr.FFÊäCDzMQ8b``ãíå,P{rÖx—êF`¶¯5Ýa‰<ºú¤†fÂPZäÀû•þó¼ÆŠ/—zóGzÄ`ó×W%veͺäKÄßk P#NØH#ê€%ý^¹M»Ê,)é!á4Û/uç¢øÝåuáE3«Í|8@ÐIaŸcGP8¾±E5f ñhµ®kW‘Zà @YQÊŒ^Ikbd#!xUN™ %ç 0(íU : wO 4S g 0 §v U: [W 0 D² êö ¿à TŸU:ó-Q5†L_-g~”N“^ •U:¡Û mÝÝôU:  DDDD BLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL 0Di D5­­­­­ AQâÆ3 0Dù 0D=!˜HP LaserJet 8000 DN PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡, øð AZ"Arial RegulartpO'X8888d3|x(f2ç×$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÔ€ X¢ÎXXXÔÔ€ ô©ÁõX X¢ÎÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.€€,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular QÝ ƒ °þ$ÝÓ  ÓÔ€ XN€XXXÔÔ€ ô˜[òX XN€ÔÚ  Ú1Ú  Ú.€€Ý  ÝÔ_ÔòòSeeóó€òòTenn.€R.€Civ.€P.óó€15.01€(ð ðA€party€may€amend€the€partyððs€pleadings€once€as€a€matter€of€course€at€anyÐ ° Ðtime€before€a€responsive€pleading€is€served€....ðð).(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó àÝ ƒ °þ$ÝÓ  ÓÔ€ XN€XXXÔÔ€ ô˜[òX XN€ÔÚ  Ú2Ú  Ú.€€Ý  ÝÔ_ÔAlthough€the€trial€courtððs€October€8,€1997€order€granting€Plaintiffs€leave€to€amend€their€complaint€wasÐ ° Ðlimited€to€the€express€purpose€of€bringing€ð ðthe€Gawsðð€before€the€Court,€Plaintiffsðð€Second€Amended€ComplaintÐ n¾ Ðincreased€its€demand€for€compensatory€damages€from€$100,000€to€$200,000.€ µÝ ƒ °þ$ÝÓ  ÓÔ€ XN€XXXÔÔ€ ô˜[òX XN€ÔÚ  Ú4Ú  Ú.€€Ý  ÝÔ_ÔòòSeeóó€òòTenn.€R.€Civ.€P.óó€56.04. JÝ ƒ °þ$ÝÓ  ÓÔ€ XN€XXXÔÔ€ ô˜[òX XN€ÔÚ  Ú3Ú  Ú.€€Ý  ÝÔ_ÔSuch€ð ðfacts€as€to€which€.€.€.€there€is€no€genuine€issue€for€trialðð€are€based€upon€Defendantsðð€statement€ofÐ ° Ðmaterial€facts,€combined€with€either€Plaintiffsðð€agreement€that€particular€facts€are€undisputed€(regardless€ofÐ n¾ Ðwhether€the€agreement€is€only€for€the€purpose€of€Defendantsðð€motion€for€summary€judgment),€or€PlaintiffsððÐ ,| Ðfailure€to€demonstrate€that€particular€facts€are€disputed€by€appropriate€citation€to€the€record€(assuming€theÐ ê: Ðfacts,€where€disputed,€were€initially€supported€by€Defendants€by€appropriate€citation€to€the€record).€€òòSeeóó€Tòòennóó.Ð ¨ø ÐR.€Còòivóó.€P.€56.03., øð AZ"Arial Regular GÝ ƒ °þ$ÝÓ  ÓÔ€ XN€XXXÔÔ€ ô˜[òX XN€ÔÚ  Ú8Ú  Ú.€€Ý  ÝÔ_ÔòòSeeóó€òòHendersonóó,€868€S.W.2d€at€238€(requiring€trial€courtððs€to€ð ðgive€the€proponent€of€a€motion€to€amend€aÐ ° Ðfull€chance€to€be€heard€on€the€motionðð). ƒÝ ƒ °þ$ÝÓ  ÓÔ€ XN€XXXÔÔ€ ô˜[òX XN€ÔÚ  Ú7Ú  Ú.€€Ý  ÝÔ_ÔDuring€oral€argument,€a€third€challenge€to€Plaintiffsðð€trespass€claim€was€arguably€raised€based€on€theÐ ° Ðownership€of€plot€129C„3.€€Defendantsðð€contended€that€Plaintiffsðð€had€not€established€ownership€of€plot€129C„Ð n¾ Ð3.€€As€to€this€contention,€we€beginÔ‡ô˜[òò ô˜[Ô€by€noting€that€ð ðA€cemetery,€by€its€inherent€nature,€is€not€subject€to€the€lawsÐ ,| Ðof€ordinary€property.ðð€€14€Ô_ÔC.J.S.Ô_Ô€òòCemeteriesóó€ðð€1€(1991).€€Plaintiffs€had€submitted€proof€which€established€thatÐ ê: Ðthe€interment€rights€to€plot€129CÔ#† ô˜[òòô˜[·#Ô„3€had€been€conveyed€to€Eunice€Brown.€€While€such€an€ð ðinterment€rightðð€mayÐ ªú Ðnot,€of€itself,€amount€to€any€fee€interest€in€the€land,€it€does€create€an€easement€from€which€a€decedentððs€heirsÐ h¸ Ðmay€maintain€an€action€for€trespass.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðððð€18,€22,€23,€28,€30„32.€€òòSeeóó€òòalsoóó€òòBoyd€v.€Ô_ÔDucktownÔ_Ô€ChemicalÐ & v Ð&€Iron€Co.óó,€19€Tenn.€App.€392,€89€S.W.2d€360,€366€(1935).€€Moreover,€ð ð[Ô_Ôn]oÔ_Ô€formal€deed€is€necessary€toÐ æ 6 Ðconfer€the€exclusive€right€to€the€use€of€a€lot€in€a€cemetery€for€burial€purposes€[and€it]€is€not€necessary€that€[a]Ð ¤ ô Ðdeed€or€certificate€of€sale€be€recorded.ðð€€òòSeeóó€14€Ô_ÔC.J.S.Ô_Ô€òòCemeteriesóó€ðð€21.C:\OFFICE\WPWIN\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT #Ñ#€iXÿÿd#Ñ tÝ ƒ °þ$ÝÓ  ÓÔ€ XN€XXXÔÔ€ ô˜[òX XN€ÔÚ  Ú5Ú  Ú.€€Ý  ÝÔ_ÔThe€argument€set€forth€within€Plaintiffsðð€brief€begins€by€stating,€ð ðWith€regard€to€Defendant€WoodlawnÐ ° ÐMemorial€Park,€Inc.,€Defendants€do€not€present€any€evidence€that€supports€dismissing€the€case€....ðð wÝ ƒ °þ$ÝÓ  ÓÔ€ XN€XXXÔÔ€ ô˜[òX XN€ÔÚ  Ú6Ú  Ú.€€Ý  ÝÔ_ÔDefendantsðð€have€not€challenged€the€essential€elements€of€duty€and€breach€of€duty€and,€therefore,€we€findÐ ° Ðit€unnecessary€to€address€the€same,€as€we€deem€such€matters€as€not€having€been€raised€before€this€Court.™œi'L ,kû¤AZ‹"Arial RegularÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Ý ƒb¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€ X¢ÎXXXÔÔ€ x=X X¢ÎÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ X¢ÎX x=ÔÐ  ÐÌNovember€10,€1999ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAxÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular  d(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý&&&&)ÿÿ!dxdxabZc[Cþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€X¢ÎXXXÔÓ  ÓÑ8€Ç!XXdìdÈ8ÑÑ€;Ñßv€`[@0,j:`  `€€@ÿEȱ` 8ttxP°ð  vßÔ_Ôà@m m ìàò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@$ìàAT€NASHVILLEˆÌÌÌPAM€CLARK€and€TONYA€PILOTE,€à À à)Ð `° ÐIndividually€and€as€next€of€kin€and€à À à)Ð L œ Ðbest€friend€of€EUNICE€BROWN,à À à)€€Ð 8 ˆ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ìà  àà ` àó óPlaintiffs/Appellants,à À àò ò)€€Davidson€Chancery€No.€97„2932„IÐ  ` Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)ÌVS.à  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)€€Appeal€No.€M1998„00160„COA„R3„CVÐ è 8  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)ÌSERVICE€CORPORATIONà h àà À à)Ð À  ÐINTERNATIONAL€and€WOODLAWNà À à)Ð ¬ü  ÐMEMORIAL€PARK,€INC.,à  àà h àà À à)Ð ˜è  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ìà  àà ` àó óDefendants/Appellees.à À àò ò)ó óÐ pÀ ÐÌÌà@ââìàAPPEAL€FROM€THE€CHANCERY€COURT€OF€DAVIDSON€COUNTYˆÌà@ìàAT€NASHVILLE,€TENNESSEEˆÌà@êêìàTHE€HONORABLE€IRVIN€H.€KILCREASE,€JR.,€CHANCELLORˆÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌò òSTEVE€NORTHÐ $t ÐMARK€NORTHó óÐ  ` ÐMadison,€TennesseeÌAttorneys€for€AppellantsÌÌÌÌò òSCOTT€D.€CAREYÐ z%Ê $ ÐBAKER,€DONELSON,€BEARMAN€&€CALDWELLÌó óNashville,€TennesseeÐ R'¢"& ÐAttorney€for€AppelleesÌÌÌÌÌò òAFFIRMED€IN€PART,€REVERSED€IN€PARTÐ ¶,(, ÐAND€REMANDEDÌÌÌÌÌÌó óà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àò òALAN€E.€HIGHERS,€J.Ð *3z.3 ÐÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌW.€FRANK€CRAWFORD,€P.J.,€W.S.ÌÌHOLLY€KIRBY€LILLARD,€J.ó óà h àÐ Š:Ú5; ÐÓÓà  àPam€Clark€and€Tonya€Pilote€(hereafter€collectively€referred€to€as€ð ðPlaintiffsðð)€haveÐ v;Æ6< ÐÑ;Ñâ âÑ#€iXÿÿd#Ñâ âÑ  Ñappealed€from€an€order€of€the€trial€court€that€denied€a€motion€to€amend€their€complaint,Ð à Ðand€that€granted€summary€judgment€to€Service€Corporation€International€(hereafterÐ pÀ Ðð ðService€Corp.ðð)€and€to€Woodlawn€Memorial€Park,€Inc.€(hereafter€ð ðWoodlawnðð)€in€this€case,Ð P   Ðwhich€stems€from€Woodlawnððs€mistaken€burial€of€another€personððs€remains€at€a€cemeteryÐ 0 € Ðplot€to€which€their€grandmother,€Eunice€Brown,€had€possessed€interment€(burial)€rights.€Ð `  ÐBased€upon€the€following,€we€affirm€in€part,€reverse€in€part,€and€remand€this€case€to€theÐ ð@  Ðtrial€court€for€further€proceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.€Ð Ð  ÐÌà@Þ Þ ìàò òòòI.€€Facts€and€Procedural€Historyóóó óˆÐ à ЀÌà  àThis€lawsuit€against€Service€Corp.€and€Woodlawn€(hereafter€collectively€referred€toÐ P  Ðas€ð ðDefendantsðð)€was€originally€commenced€on€August€29,€1997.€€Prior€to€any€filing€of€aÐ 0€ Ðresponsive€pleading€by€Defendants,€Plaintiffs€filed€a€ð ðFirst€Amended€Complaint,ðð׃ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€whichÐ ` Ðdemanded,€among€other€things,€ð ðthat€at€a€hearing€set€...€on€September€30,€1997,€aÐ ð@ Ðmandatory€injunction€be€issued€requiring€Defendants€to€vacate€Eunice€Brownððs€burial€plotÐ Ð  Ðby€removing€the€remains€from€Eunice€Brownððs€grave€and€to€provide€proper€burial€forÐ °"  ÐEunice€Brown€....ðð€€Plaintiffsðð€First€Amended€Complaint€further€asserted€claims€againstÐ $à" ÐDefendants€based€upon€breach€of€contract,€negligence,€and€trespass,€and€soughtÐ p&À!$ Ðdamages€based€upon€ð ðmental€injury,€emotional€distress,€pain€and€suffering,€and€incurredÐ P( #& Ðattorneyððs€fees€and€loss€of€enjoyment€of€life.ðð€Ð 0*€%( ÐÌà  àOn€September€30,€1997,€Plaintiffs€and€Defendants€jointly€filed€various€writtenÐ ð-@), Ðstipulations€of€fact,€and€the€trial€court€heard€arguments€from€counsel€as€to€Plaintiffsðð€claimÐ Ð/ +. Ðfor€injunctive€relief.€€The€written€stipulations€stated€the€following:Ð °1-0 ÐÓÓà8  àà ` à1.à ¸ àOn€January€3,€1968€Eunice€Brown€and€her€husband€purchasedÐ 3à.2 Ð[interment€rights€in]€the€lots€in€the€Woodlawn€Memorial€Park€known€andÐ €4Ð/3 Ðspecified€as€Atonement€Garden€129C„3€and€4.Ðp5À04Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à2.à ¸ àMr.€Brown€died€in€1972,€and€shortly€thereafter€a€headstone€forÐ `6°15 Ðboth€graves€was€placed€on€the€grave€with€the€name€ð ðBrownðð€at€the€top€andÐ ° Ðwith€Eunice€Brownððs€name€on€the€left€(plot€129C„3)€and€Hugh€CliffordÐ  ð ÐBrownððs€name€on€the€right€(plot€129C„4).ÐàÐ Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à3.à ¸ àOn€August€16,€1997€Eunice€Brown€died.ЀÐÐ Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à4.à ¸ àAs€of€August€16,€1997€the€headstone€located€at€the€[Brownððs]Ð pÀ Ðburial€plots€...€still€listed€Mr.€Brown€in€plot€129C„4€and€had€Eunice€BrownððsÐ ` ° Ðname€for€plot€129C„3.ÐP  Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à5.à ¸ àWhen€the€staff€at€Woodlawn€Memorial€Park€dug€the€grave€atÐ @  Ðthat€location€for€burial,€they€discovered€a€burial€vault€was€already€located€atÐ 0 € Ðplot€129C„3.Ð p Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à6.à ¸ àThe€headstones€for€the€plots€directly€adjacent€to€thoseÐ `  Ðpurchased€by€the€Brown[s]€...€have€headstones€indicating€that€[members€of]Ð P  Ðthe€Gaw€family€[are/were]€buried€there.€€Atonement€Garden€129C„1€has€aÐ ð@  Ðheadstone€that€indicates€that€Jessie€Gaw€is€buried€at€that€location.€€Actually,Ð à0  Ðthat€grave€is€empty.€€Mr.€Gaw€died€in€1980.ÐÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à7.à ¸ àThe€headstone€at€129C„2€indicates€that€Thelma€Gaw€is€buriedÐ À Ðthere.€€Mrs.€Gaw€died€in€1971.аРР Ðà@(('ìà.€.€.€.ˆÐ  ð Ðà8  àà ` à9.à ¸ à[As€of€September€30,€1997,]€the€remains€of€Eunice€BrownÐ à Ð[were]€located€in€a€mausoleum€awaiting€final€burial.ЀÐÐ Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à10.à ¸ àUnder€her€contract€with€Woodlawn,€Eunice€Brownððs€properÐ pÀ Ðburial€place€is€Atonement€Garden€129C„3.€€At€[that]€time€that€grave€[was]Ð `° Ðoccupied€by€someone€elseððs€remains.ÐP Ð Ð  ÐÌÓÓVarious€documents€were€attached€to€the€written€stipulations€that€were€agreed€to€as€beingÐ 0€ Ðauthentic€and€admissible.€€These€documents€included,€among€other€things,€a€writtenÐ ` Ðagreement€dated€January€3,€1968,€whereby€the€Browns€agreed€to€make€monthlyÐ ð@ Ðinstallment€payments€in€consideration€for€two€ð ðpre„need€intermentsðð€and€two€ð ðadultÐ Ð  Ðinterment€spaces.ðð€Ð °"  ÐÌà  àOn€October€8,€1997,€the€trial€court€entered€a€written€order€that€stated€the€following:Ð p&À!$ ÐÓÓà8  à[T]he€Court€finds€as€follows:€€that€the€identity€of€the€remains€in€Plot€129C„3Ð P( #& Ðis€uncertain;€that€members€of€the€Gaw€family€have€not€been€made€a€party€toÐ @)$' Ðthis€lawsuit€and€that€all€interested€parties€are€not€before€this€Court;€...€that€theÐ 0*€%( ÐDefendants€in€this€case€are€not€the€same€parties€as€created€this€situation;Ð  +p&) Ðand€that€Plaintiffs€will€not€suffer€immediate€and€irreparable€harm€if€theirÐ ,`'* Ðrequest€for€a€mandatory€injunction€is€denied.€€It€is€therefore€ORDERED€thatÐ -P(+ ÐPlaintiffsðð€Request€for€a€Mandatory€Injunction€...€is€denied;€that€the€next€of€kinÐ ð-@), Ðto€the€decedent€currently€buried€in€Plot€129C„3€is€an€interested,Ð à.0*- Ðindispensable€party€and€that€Plaintiffs€are€granted€leave€to€and€shall€amendÐ Ð/ +. Ðtheir€Complaint€to€bring€said€interested€party€before€the€Court;€...€and€that€allÐ À0,/ Ðother€matters€are€reserved.а1-0Ð Ð  ÐÌÓÓAccordingly,€on€November€19,€1997,€Plaintiffs€filed€a€ð ðSecond€Amended€Complaintðð€thatÐ 3à.2 Ðâ ânamed€Bobby€Gaw,€Jimmy€Gaw,€and€Averett€Gaw€as€ð ðinterested€parties,ðð€and€alleged€thatÐ p5À04 Ðsaid€persons€ð ðare€the€sons€and€next€of€kin€of€Jessie€Gaw€and€Thelma€Gaw,€deceased.ðð׃ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Р° Ðâ âThe€Second€Amended€Complaint€further€explained,€ð ðIt€is€the€Plaintiffsðð€belief€that€theÐ à Ðcemetery€mistakenly€buried€the€remains€of€either€Jessie€Gaw€or€Thelma€Gaw€in€AtonementÐ pÀ ÐGarden€129C„3.ðð€€Accordingly,€Plaintiffs€again€sought€injunctive€relief€ð ðrequiring€DefendantsÐ P   Ðto€vacate€Eunice€Brownððs€burial€plot€...€and€to€provide€proper€burial€for€Eunice€Brown€....ðð€Ð 0 € ÐPlaintiffsðð€Second€Amended€Complaint€also€again€asserted€claims€against€DefendantsÐ `  Ðbased€upon€breach€of€contract,€negligence,€and€trespass,€and€sought€damages€basedÐ ð@  Ðupon€ð ðmental€injury,€emotional€distress,€pain€and€suffering,€and€incurred€attorneyððs€feesÐ Ð  Ðand€loss€of€enjoyment€of€life.ðð€Ð ° ÐÌà  àOn€January€15,€1998,€after€Bobby€Gaw,€Jimmy€Gaw,€and€Averett€Gaw€had€beenÐ pÀ Ðserved€with€a€summons€and€the€Second€Amended€Complaint€and€had€failed€to€file€anyÐ P  Ðanswer,€Plaintiffs€filed€a€ð ðmotion€for€defaultðð€against€the€Gaws.€€The€trial€court€thereafterÐ 0€ Ðgranted€Plaintiffsðð€motion,€and€ordered€that€the€Gaws€be€deemed€to€ð ðhave€no€interest€inÐ ` Ðthis€lawsuit€and€no€interest€in€determining€whether€the€remains€of€Eunice€Brown€are€to€beÐ ð@ Ðburied€in€Plot€129C„3.ðð€€As€such,€Plaintiffs€and€Defendants€submitted€an€agreed€order€thatÐ Ð  Ðprovided,Ð °"  ÐÓÓà8  àà ` à[Woodlawn]€shall€be€authorized€to€disinter€the€remains€of€the€bodyÐ $à" Ðcurrently€located€in€Plot€129C„3€(believed€to€be€Mr.€Jessie€Gaw).Ѐ%Ð #Ð Ð  Ðà@(('ìà.€.€.€.ˆÐ p&À!$ Ðà8  àà ` àAfter€the€vault€and€remains€of€the€individual€currently€buried€at€PlotÐ `'°"% Ð129C„3€have€been€fully€removed€from€that€location,€the€parties€agree€andÐ P( #& Ðexpressly€authorize€[Woodlawn]€to€inter€the€body€of€Eunice€Brown€at€PlotÐ @)$' Ð129C„3.Ð0*€%(Ð Ð  ÐÌÓ¡.ÓThis€agreed€order€was€entered€by€the€trial€court€on€March€23,€1998.€Ð ,`'* ÐÌà  àOn€July€2,€1998,€Defendants€filed€an€answer€to€Plaintiffsðð€Second€AmendedÐ Ð/ +. ÐComplaint€and€moved€for€summary€judgment.€€The€motion€for€summary€judgment€set€forthÐ °1-0 Ðthree€grounds€upon€which€Defendants€relied€to€support€their€motion:Ð 3à.2 ÐÓÓà8  àà ` à1.à ¸ àPlaintiffs€do€not€state€a€cause€of€action€against€defendantÐ p5À04 Ð[Service€Corp.]€and€therefore€[Service€Corp.]€should€be€dismissed€as€aÐ `6°15 Ðmatter€of€law.аРР Ðà8  àà ` à2.à ¸ àThere€is€no€triable€issue€on€which€Defendants€could€be€heldÐ  ð Ðliable€for€Plaintiffsðð€claim€of€negligent€infliction€of€emotional€distress.€€PlaintiffsÐ à Ðhave€not€alleged€any€facts€nor€offered€any€expert€medical€or€scientific€proof,Ð €Ð Ðby€affidavit€or€otherwise,€that€the€alleged€negligence€of€Defendants€hasÐ pÀ Ðproximately€caused€Plaintiffs€ð ðsevere€emotional€injuryðð€as€required€[for]€thisÐ ` ° Ðtort.ÐP  Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à3.à ¸ àPlaintiffs€have€failed€to€establish€their€right€to€sue€as€third„partyÐ @  Ðbeneficiaries€to€the€original€agreement€between€Hugh€Clifford€Brown€andÐ 0 € Ðwife,€Eunice€Brown€and€Woodlawn.€€In€the€alternative,€Plaintiffs€have€failedÐ  p  Ðto€show€any€damages€arising€from€the€alleged€breach€of€contract€betweenÐ `  ÐWoodlawn€and€Mr.€and€Mrs.€Brown.ÐP Ð Ð  ÐÌÓ£2ÓIn€accordance€with€Rule€56.03€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Civil€Procedure,€DefendantsððÐ à0  Ðmotion€was€accompanied€by€a€separate€ð ðstatement€of€the€material€facts€as€to€whichÐ À Ð[Defendants€contend]€there€is€no€genuine€issue€for€trial.ðð€€òòSeeóó€òòTenn.€R.€Civ.€P.óó€56.03.€Ð  ð ÐThereafter,€Plaintiffs€filed€their€response€to€Defendantsðð€statement€of€material€facts.€€TheÐ €Ð Ðfollowing€summary€of€additional€facts€(material€or€otherwise)€include€those€facts€ð ðas€toÐ `° Ðwhich€...€there€is€no€genuine€issue€for€trialðð€based€upon€our€review€of€these€pleadings,׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€andÐ @ Ðinclude€those€facts€viewed€most€favorable€to€Plaintiffs€based€upon€our€review€of€ð ðtheÐ  p Ðpleadings,€depositions€...€and€admissions€on€file,€together€with€the€affidavits.ðð׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð P ÐÌà  àThe€Brownsðð€January€3,€1968€installment€purchase€agreement€originallyÐ À! Ðcontemplated€the€pre„payment€for€two€interment€spaces€(plots€129C„3€and€129C„4)€andÐ  #ð! Ðfor€two€interments.€€Mr.€Brown€died€and€was€buried€in€1972.€€On€March€23,€1972,Ð €%Ð # Ðð ðWoodlawn€Memorial€Park€of€Nashville,€Inc.ðð€executed€and€issued€a€document€whichÐ `'°"% Ðconveyed€the€burial€rights€for€these€two€plots.€€On€August€3,€1982,€ð ðWoodlawn€FuneralÐ @)$' ÐHome,€Inc.ðð€executed€and€issued€to€Mrs.€Brown€a€ð ðcertificateðð€that€referenced€the€originalÐ  +p&) Ð1968€installment€purchase€agreement,€and€that€recognized€that€the€full€purchase€price€ofÐ -P(+ Ðher€pre„need€interment€had€at€that€point€been€paid.€€Thereafter,€on€August€30,€1982,€Mrs.Ð à.0*- ÐBrown€entered€into€another€contract€with€ð ðWoodlawn€Funeral€Home,€Inc.ðð€that€was€titledÐ À0,/ Ðð ðAgreement€for€Pre„Paid€Funeral.ðð€€This€funeral€agreement€was,€again,€an€installmentÐ  2ð-1 Ðcontract.€€This€new€agreement,€however,€provided€for€the€pre„payment€of€funeral€servicesÐ ° Ðand€various€merchandise,€including€a€pre„selected€casket.€€This€funeral€agreementÐ à Ðexpressly€excluded€any€interment€fee€(which€had€already€been€paid€through€the€priorÐ pÀ Ðagreement).Ð P   ÐÌà  àThe€Gaws€possessed€the€interment€rights€to€plots€129C„1€and€129C„2.€€ThelmaÐ `  ÐGaw,€whose€headstone€is€located€at€129C„2,€died€in€1971.€€Jessie€Gaw,€whose€headstoneÐ ð@  Ðis€and€was€located€at€129C„1,€died€in€1980.€€His€remains,€however,€were€mistakenly€buriedÐ Ð  Ðat€129C„3.€€Prior€to€Mrs.€Brownððs€death,€however,€Woodlawn€was€not€aware€of€the€fact€thatÐ ° ÐMr.€Gaw€had€been€mistakenly€buried€at€129C„3.€€In€fact,€Woodlawnððs€records€clearly€(andÐ à Ðmistakenly)€reflect€that€Mr.€Gaw€had€been€buried€at€129C„1.€€It€was€not€until€WoodlawnÐ pÀ Ðstarted€opening€the€grave€after€Mrs.€Brownððs€death,€which€had€occurred€on€Saturday,Ð P  ÐAugust€16,€1997,€that€Woodlawn€became€aware€of€this€problem.Ð 0€ ÐÌà  àImmediately€after€Mrs.€Brownððs€death,€her€funeral€and€burial€was€scheduled€forÐ ð@ ÐMonday,€August€18,€1997.€€After€Woodlawn€discovered€the€error,€two€WoodlawnÐ Ð  Ðemployees€met€with€Plaintiffs,€who€are€both€granddaughters€of€Mrs.€Brown,€and€informedÐ °"  Ðthem€of€the€problem.€€In€order€to€allow€the€funeral€services€and€burial€to€go€forward€asÐ $à" Ðscheduled,€Woodlawn€offered€and€suggested€as€one€possible€solution€to€bury€Mrs.€BrownððsÐ p&À!$ Ðremains€in€another€grave€plot€that€was€fairly€near€plots€129C„3€and€129C„4,€and€toÐ P( #& Ðthereafter€disinter€Mr.€Brownððs€remains€and€reinter€them€in€a€grave€next€to€Mrs.€BrownððsÐ 0*€%( Ðremains€at€a€time€convenient€for€the€family.€€Initially,€Plaintiffs€agreed€to€this€solution€andÐ ,`'* Ðcompleted€all€necessary€and€appropriate€paperwork€to€effectuate€this€solution.€€OnÐ ð-@), ÐSunday,€August€17,€1997,€however,€Plaintiffs€returned€to€Woodlawn€Memorial€Park€andÐ Ð/ +. Ðinformed€Woodlawn€that€they€wanted€their€grandmotherððs€remains€to€be€buried€in€plotÐ °1-0 Ð129C„3.€€Woodlawn€explained€to€Plaintiffs€that€the€remains€then€located€at€129C„3€couldÐ 3à.2 Ðnot€be€disinterred€without€proper€authority,€òòi.e.óó,€by€consent€from€Mr.€Gawððs€next€of€kin€orÐ p5À04 Ðby€appropriate€legal€process.€€Woodlawn,€however,€offered€to€temporarily€entomb€Mrs.Ð P7 26 ÐBrownððs€body€in€a€mausoleum€until€the€remains€located€at€plot€129C„3€could€be€lawfullyÐ 09€48 Ðdisinterred.€€This€solution€would€allow€for€Mrs.€Brownððs€funeral€services€to€proceed€asÐ ° Ðplanned.€€Plaintiffs€agreed€and€Mrs.€Brownððs€funeral€proceeded€as€scheduled€on€Monday,Ð à ÐAugust€18,€1997.Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àThereafter,€Woodlawn€attempted€to€contact€family€members€of€Jessie€Gaw€to€obtainÐ 0 € Ðpermission€for€the€disinterment€of€Mr.€Gawððs€remains€from€plot€129C„3€and€for€theÐ `  Ðreinterment€of€his€remains€at€plot€129C„1.€€Plaintiffs,€however,€commenced€this€suit€onÐ ð@  ÐAugust€29,€1997,€seeking,€among€other€things,€injunctive€relief€to€compel€Woodlawn€toÐ Ð  Ðdisinter€Mr.€Gawððs€remains.€€Ultimately,€after€entry€of€the€agreed€order,€whereby€PlaintiffsÐ ° Ðand€Defendants€agreed€to€the€disinterment€of€the€remains€located€at€plot€129C„3€and€toÐ à Ðthe€subsequent€interment€of€Eunice€Brownððs€remains€at€that€location,€Woodlawn€disinterredÐ pÀ Ðthe€remains€that€were€improperly€buried€at€plot€129C„3,€and€reinterred€Eunice€BrownððsÐ P  Ðremains€at€plot€129C„3.€€The€reinterment€of€Mrs.€Brownððs€remains€occurred€on€April€2,Ð 0€ Ð1998€(approximately€seven€and€a€half€months€after€Mrs.€Brownððs€death).€Ð ` ÐÌà  àOn€July€31,€1998,€Plaintiffs€moved€again€to€amend€their€complaint,€and€filed€aÐ Ð  Ðproposed€ð ðThird€Amended€Complaint.ðð€€In€addition€to€the€prior€claims€asserted€againstÐ °"  ÐDefendants,€which€had€included€breach€of€contract,€negligence,€and€trespass,€DefendantsÐ $à" Ðsought€to€assert€claims€of€fraud€and€of€violations€of€the€Tennessee€Consumer€ProtectionÐ p&À!$ ÐAct.€€€Also,€Plaintiffs€sought€again€to€increase€their€demand€for€compensatory€damagesÐ P( #& Ð(this€time€from€$200,000€to€$500,000),€to€receive€treble€damages€and€attorney€fees,€andÐ 0*€%( Ðto€receive€punitive€damages€in€the€amount€of€$1,000,000.Ð ,`'* ÐÌà  àBoth€Defendantsðð€motion€for€summary€judgment€and€Plaintiffsðð€motion€to€amendÐ Ð/ +. Ðwere€heard€by€the€trial€court€on€August€14,€1998,€after€which€the€trial€court€entered€anÐ °1-0 Ðwritten€order€granting€Defendantsðð€motion€for€summary€judgment€and€denying€PlaintiffsððÐ 3à.2 Ðmotion€to€amend.€€Thereafter,€Plaintiffs€appealed.€€On€appeal,€Ô‡X¢KXXX¢KÔPlaintiffsðð€brief€lists€theÐ p5À04 Ðfollowing€as€issues€for€consideration€by€this€Court:Ð P7 26 ÐÓÓà8  à1.€€Whether€Defendants€presented€sufficient€affirmative€evidence€to€justifyÐ 09€48 Ða€summary€judgment?Ð :p59Ð Ð  Ðà8  à2.€€Whether€a€genuine€issue€of€material€fact€remains€as€to€whether€PlaintiffsÐ ° Ðsuffered€damages€resulting€from€Defendantsðð€mistake?РðÐ Ð  Ðà8  à3.€€Whether€Plaintiffs,€the€next€of€kin,€may€recover€for€breach€of€a€pre„needÐ à Ðfuneral€and€cemetery€contract?ЀÐÐ Ð  Ðà8  à4.€€Whether€a€genuine€issue€of€material€fact€remains€as€to€PlaintiffsððÐ pÀ Ðallegation€of€trespass?Ð` °Ð Ð  Ðà8  à5.€€Whether€the€trial€court€properly€denied€Plaintiffsðð€motion€for€leave€toÐ P   Ðamend€their€complaint?ÓƒUÓÐ@ Ð Ð  ÐÌà@ÍÍ$ìàò òòòII.€€Analysisóóó óˆÐ P  ÐÌà@öö"ìàòòA.€€Service€Corp.óóˆÐ À ÐÌà  àBefore€reviewing€the€separate€theories€upon€which€Plaintiffs€seek€relief€(òòi.e.óó,Ð €Ð Ðnegligent€infliction€of€emotional€distress,€breach€of€contract,€and€trespass),€we€find€itÐ `° Ðappropriate€first€to€address€the€trial€courtððs€grant€of€summary€judgment€as€relatedÐ @ Ðspecifically€to€Service€Corp.€€In€Plaintiffsðð€complaint,€they€state,Ð  p ÐÓÓà8  àUpon€information€and€belief€Woodlawn€...€is€a€Tennessee€corporationÐ P Ðoperating€a€cemetery€and€funeral€home€in€Davidson€County,€Tennessee€....€Ð ð@ ÐService€Corporation€International€owns€and€operates€Woodlawn€...€andÐ à0 ÐWoodlawn€Cemetery€and€Funeral€Home.ÐÐ Ð Ð  ÐÌÓ*[ÓThe€undisputed€proof€within€the€record,€however,€reveals€that,€while€Ô#†X¢KXXX¢KèT#ÔService€Corp.€mightÐ °"  Ðhave€some€ownership€interest€in€Woodlawn,€the€two€entities€are€separate,€and€it€isÐ $à" ÐWoodlawn€that€owns€and€operates€the€subject€cemetery€and€funeral€home.€€Service€Corp.Ð p&À!$ Ðis€incorporated€in€Texas€with€its€principal€place€of€business€in€Houston,€Texas,€and€it€didÐ P( #& Ðnot€employ€any€persons€in€Tennessee€or€provide€any€funeral€or€burial€services€inÐ 0*€%( ÐTennessee€at€any€time€pertinent€to€this€case.€€Ô‡X¢KXXX¢KÔMoreover,€we€note€that€Plaintiffsðð€brief€doesÐ ,`'* Ðnot€even€appear€to€challenge€the€trial€courtððs€grant€of€summary€judgment€to€Service€Corp.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Рð-@), ÐAccordingly,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€grant€of€summary€judgment€as€to€Service€Corp.Ð Ð/ +. ÐÌà@ìì*ìàòòˆÌÐ p5À04 Ðà@R R ìàB.€€Negligent€Infliction€of€Emotional€DistressóóˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àWe€next€€address€Defendantsðð€challenge€to€Plaintiffsðð€negligent€infliction€of€emotionalÐ pÀ Ðdistress€claim.€€On€appeal,€Defendantsðð€brief€asserts€that€Plaintiffs€cannot€make€out€aÐ P   Ðòòprima€facieóó€case€as€to€any€negligent€infliction€of€emotional€distress€claim€because:€€(1)€ð ðaÐ 0 € Ðreasonable€person€normally€constituted€would€be€able€to€cope€adequately€with€theÐ `  Ðdiscovery€that€the€burial€plot€thought€to€be€reserved€by€their€grandmother€was€unavailableÐ ð@  Ðat€the€time€of€her€deathðð;€and€(2)€ð ðPlaintiffsðð€claimed€injuries€are€not€supported€by€anyÐ Ð  Ðexpert€medical€or€scientific€proof.ðð€€Defendantsðð€argument€stems€from€Tennessee€lawÐ ° Ðgoverning€claims€for€the€negligent€infliction€of€emotional€distress.€€Such€law€was€set€forthÐ à Ðby€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€in€òòCamper€v.€Minoróó,€915€S.W.2d€437€(Tenn.€1996),Ð pÀ Ðwherein€the€supreme€court€stated€the€following:Ð P  ÐÓÓà8  à[W]hat€is€required€to€make€out€a€prima€facie€case?€€....€€[T]he€plaintiff€mustÐ 0€ Ðpresent€material€evidence€as€to€each€of€the€five€elements€of€generalÐ  p Ðnegligence--duty,€breach€of€duty,€injury€or€loss,€causation€in€fact,€andÐ ` Ðproximate,€or€legal,€cause,€òòKilpatrick€v.€Bryantóó,€868€S.W.2d€594,€598Ð P Ð(Tenn.1993);€òòBradshaw€v.€Danielóó,€854€S.W.2d€865,€869€(Tenn.1993)--inÐ ð@ Ðorder€to€avoid€summary€judgment.€€Furthermore,€we€agree€that€in€order€toÐ à0 Ðguard€against€trivial€or€fraudulent€actions,òò€the€law€ought€to€provide€a€recoveryÐ Ð  Ðonly€for€"serious"€or€"severe"€emotional€injuryóó.€€òòBurgess€v.€Superior€CourtÐ À! Ð(Gupta)óó,€2€Cal.4th€1064,€9€Cal.Rptr.2d€615,€618,€831€P.2d€1197,€1200Ð °"  Ð(1992);€òòSt.€Elizabeth€Hosp.€v.€Garrardóó,€730€S.W.2d€649,€653€(Tex.1987).€€AÐ  #ð! Ðòò"serious"€or€"severe"€emotional€injury€occurs€"where€a€reasonable€person,Ð $à" Ðnormally€constituted,€would€be€unable€to€adequately€cope€with€the€mentalÐ €%Ð # Ðstress€engendered€by€the€circumstances€of€the€case."óó€€òòRodrigues€v.€Stateóó,Ð p&À!$ Ð52€Haw.€156,€283,€472€P.2d€509,€520€(1970);€òòPaugh€v.€Hanksóó,€6€Ohio€St.3dÐ `'°"% Ð72,€77-78,€451€N.E.2d€759,€765€(1983);€òòPlaisance€v.€Texaco,€Inc.óó,€937€F.2dÐ P( #& Ð1004,€1010€(5th€Cir.1991);€€òòProsser€and€Keeton€on€the€Law€of€Tortsóó,€ðð€54,Ð @)$' Ðat€364-65,€n.€60.€€Finally,€we€conclude€that€òòthe€claimed€injury€or€impairmentÐ 0*€%( Ðmust€be€supported€by€expert€medical€or€scientific€proofóó.€€òòSeeóó€òòLeong€v.Ð  +p&) ÐTakasakióó,€55€Haw.€398,€520€P.2d€758,€766-67€(1974)€("the€plaintiff€should€beÐ ,`'* Ðpermitted€to€prove€medically€the€damages€occasioned€by€his€mentalÐ -P(+ Ðresponses€to€defendant's€negligent€act").Ðð-@),Ð Ð  ÐÌÓreÓ915€S.W.2d€at€446€(emphasis€added).€€In€this€case,€Defendantsðð€arguments€to€support€theirÐ Ð/ +. Ðmotion€for€summary€judgment€(as€related€to€Plaintiffsðð€negligent€infliction€of€emotionalÐ °1-0 Ðdistress€claim)€are€limited€solely€to€Ô#†X¢KXXX¢K_#Ôthe€"ððseriousðð€or€ððsevereðð€emotional€injuryÔ‡X¢KXXX¢KÔðð€element€ofÐ 3à.2 ÐPlaintiffsðð€claim.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€Ô#†X¢KXXX¢Kîn#ÔÔ‡X¢KXXX¢KÔÐ p5À04 Їà  àIn€Tennessee,€conduct€upon€which€a€claim€for€mental€or€emotional€distress€is€basedÐ ° Ðmust€be€ð ðextremeðð€and€ð ðoutrageousðð€in€order€for€the€plaintiff€to€recover.€€òòSeeóó€òòWood€v.Ð à ÐWoodhaven€Memory€Gardens,€Inc.óó,€1991€WL€112273,€at€*5€(Tenn.€App.€1991)€(citingÐ pÀ ÐòòMedlin€v.€Allied€Inv.€Co.óó,€398€S.W.2d€270,€274€(Tenn.€1966)).€€This€conduct€is€describedÐ P   Ðin€the€Restatement€(Second)€of€Torts€ðð46€comment€d€(1965):Ð 0 € ÐÓÓà8  àThe€cases€thus€far€decided€have€found€liability€only€where€the€defendantððsÐ `  Ðconduct€has€been€extreme€and€outrageous.€€€It€has€not€been€enough€that€theÐ P  Ðdefendant€has€acted€with€an€intent€which€is€tortious€or€even€criminal,€or€thatÐ ð@  Ðhe€has€intended€to€inflict€emotional€distress,€or€even€that€his€conduct€hasÐ à0  Ðbeen€characterized€by€ððmalice,ðð€or€a€degree€of€aggravation€which€wouldÐ Ð  Ðentitle€the€plaintiff€to€punitive€damages€for€another€tort.€€Liability€has€beenÐ À Ðfound€only€where€the€conduct€has€been€so€outrageous€in€character,€and€soÐ ° Ðextreme€in€degree,€as€to€go€beyond€all€bounds€of€decency,€and€to€beÐ  ð Ðregarded€as€atrocious€and€utterly€intolerable€in€a€civilized€community.€Ð à ÐGenerally,€the€case€is€one€in€which€the€recitation€of€the€facts€to€an€averageÐ €Ð Ðmember€of€the€community€would€arouse€his€resentment€against€the€actor,Ð pÀ Ðand€lead€him€to€exclaim,€ððOutrageous.ððÐ`°Ð Ð  ÐÌÓrÓòòIdóó;€òòsee,€e.g.,óó€òòMedlinóó,€398€S.W.2d€at€274€(Tenn.€1966);€òòBain€v.€Wellsóó,€936€S.W.2d€618,€622„Ð @ Ð623€(Tenn.€1997);€òòGoldfarb€v.€Bakeróó,€547€S.W.2d€567,€568„569€(Tenn.€1977);€òòBlair€v.€AlliedÐ  p ÐMaintenance€Corp.óó,€756€S.W.2d€267,€273€(Tenn.€App.€1988);€òòHolt€v.€American€ProgressiveÐ P ÐLife€Ins.€Co.óó,€731€S.W.2d€923,€926„927€(Tenn.€App.€1987);€òòBryan€v.€Campbellóó,€720€S.W.2dÐ à0 Ð62,€64„65€(Tenn.€App.€1986).€€Therefore,€we€must€determine€whether€the€conduct€alleged€Ð À! Ðis€so€extreme€and€outrageous€as€to€support€a€claim€for€negligent€infliction€of€emotionalÐ  #ð! Ðdistress.€òòSeeóó€òòDunn€v.€Moto€Photo,€Inc.óó,€828€S.W.2d€747,€752€(Tenn.€App.€1991)€(statingÐ €%Ð # Ðthat€ð ð[i]t€is€for€the€court€to€determine,€in€the€first€instance,€whether€the€defendantððs€conductÐ `'°"% Ðmay€reasonably€be€regarded€as€so€extreme€and€outrageous€as€to€permit€recovery....ðð)Ð @)$' ÐÌà  àIn€òòWood€v.€Woodhaven€Memory€Gardens,€Inc.óó,€1991€WL€112273€(Tenn.€App.€1991),Ð -P(+ Ðthe€plaintiffs€sought€damages€for€emotional€distress€under€the€Tennessee€ConsumerÐ à.0*- ÐProtection€Act.€€The€defendant€cemetery,€Woodlawn€Memory€gardens,€refused€to€allow€theÐ À0,/ Ðplaintiffs€to€place€a€full„sized€memorial€on€their€sonððs€grave,€after€allegedly€telling€theÐ  2ð-1 Ðplaintiffs€that€the€cemetery€allowed€such€memorials€to€be€placed€on€grave€sites.€€TheÐ €4Ð/3 Ðplaintiffs€claimed€that€Woodlawnððs€eventual€refusal€caused€ths€plaintiffs€ð ðextreme€grief,Ð `6°15 Ðemotional€anguish€and€mental€distress.ðð€òòIdóó.€at€*3„4.Ð @837 ÐÐ  :p59 Ðà  àThe€Court€examined€the€conduct€underlying€the€claim€for€damages€for€emotionalÐ ° Ðdistress.€€While€noting€that€the€burial€of€a€child€is€a€highly€emotional€issue,€the€Court€€foundÐ à Ðthat€the€plaintiffs€had€failed€to€show€that€Woodlawnððs€refusal€to€allow€the€memorial€wasÐ pÀ Ðð ðoutrageousðð€and€that€it€caused€serious€mental€injury.€€The€appellate€court€agreed€with€theÐ P   Ðtrial€courtððs€finding€that€ð ðthe€defendant€has€done€nothing€that€would€even€closely€measureÐ 0 € Ðup€to€the€tort€of€outrageous€conduct.ðð€òòIdóó.€at€*5.òòóóÐ `  ÐÌà  àIn€òòFrys€v.€City€of€Clevelandóó,€668€N.E.2d€929€(Ohio€Ct.€App.€1995),€the€plaintiffÐ Ð  Ðalleged,€òòinter€aliaóó,€intentional€and€negligent€infliction€of€emotional€distress€arising€out€of€theÐ ° Ðburial€of€her€mother€in€a€city„owned€cemetery.€òòIdóó.€at€931.€€The€burial€was€scheduled€fourÐ à Ðdays€after€she€died;€the€deceased€was€to€be€buried€in€a€plot€next€to€her€own€mother,€theÐ pÀ Ðplaintiffððs€grandmother.€€However,€while€preparing€the€deceasedððs€plot€for€burial,€theÐ P  Ðcemetery€discovered€that€an€adjacent€vault€encroached€on€the€deceasedððs€plot.€€TheÐ 0€ Ðencroaching€vault€had€to€be€moved€before€the€burial€could€take€place,€thus€delaying€theÐ ` Ðscheduled€burial.€€The€cemetery€told€the€deceasedððs€family€that€the€deceased€would€beÐ ð@ Ðburied€temporarily€in€another€location€and€that€she€would€later€be€reburied€in€the€familyÐ Ð  Ðplot.€€The€cemetery€later€reburied€the€plaintiffððs€deceased€mother€in€the€family€plot.€€òòSeeóó€Ð °"  ÐòòIdóó.€at€930„931.Ð $à" ÐÌà  àThe€plaintiff€sued€the€cemetery,€alleging€ordinary€negligence,€intentional€inflictionÐ P( #& Ðof€emotional€distress€and€negligent€infliction€of€emotional€distress.€€òòSeeóó€òòidóó.€at€931.€€The€trialÐ 0*€%( Ðcourt€did€not€allow€the€plaintiffððs€claims€for€intentional€and€negligent€infliction€of€emotionalÐ ,`'* Ðdistress€to€go€to€the€jury€because€the€plaintiff€produced€no€expert€proof€that€her€emotionalÐ ð-@), Ðdistress€was€severe.€€òòSeeóó€òòidóó.€at€931.€€The€trial€court€allowed€the€plaintiff€to€proceed€on€aÐ Ð/ +. Ðtheory€of€ð ðwrongful€burial,ðð€for€which€the€jury€awarded€damages€for€emotional€distress.€€òòSeeóóÐ °1-0 Ðòòidóó.€at€931.€€The€appellate€court€considered€all€of€these€theories.Ð 3à.2 ÐÌà  àThe€appellate€court€found€that€ð ðsevere€and€debilitating€emotional€injuryðð€wasÐ P7 26 Ðnecessary€for€ð ðwrongful€burialðð€as€well€as€for€negligent€infliction€of€emotional€distress.€€òòSeeóóÐ 09€48 Ðòòidóó.€at€932„933.€€Under€this€standard,€the€appellate€court€found€that€the€cemeteryððs€actionsÐ ° Ðdid€not€constitute€ð ðoutrageousðð€conduct.€òòÔ#†X¢KXXX¢K½o#ÔSeeóó€òòidóó.€at€933.Ô‡X¢KXXX¢KÔ€€The€court€noted€that€the€cemeteryÐ à Ðacted€quickly€and€appropriately€when€it€realized€that€the€vault€has€been€buried€in€the€wrongÐ pÀ Ðlocation,€and€that€it€followed€the€applicable€rules€and€regulations€in€selecting€an€alternateÐ P   Ðgrave€site€when€the€specified€site€could€not€be€used.€òòÔ#†X¢KXXX¢KŠ#ÔSeeóó€òòidóó.€at€933.Ô‡X¢KXXX¢KÔ€€The€court€found€thatÐ 0 € Ðthe€cemetery€had€not€breached€the€standard€of€care€under€the€circumstances€of€the€case.Ð `  ÐòòÔ#†X¢KXXX¢K²‹#ÔSeeóó€òòidóó.€at€933.Ô‡X¢KXXX¢KÔ€€The€court€concluded€that€the€cemeteryððs€conduct€has€not€been€of€theÐ ð@  Ðð ðoutrageousðð€or€ð ðdisrespectfulðð€type€necessary€for€recovery.€òòÔ#†X¢KXXX¢K¦Œ#ÔSeeóó€òòidóó.€at€933.Ô‡X¢KXXX¢KÔÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àIn€this€case,€Woodlawn€immediately€informed€the€plaintiffs€when€it€discovered€thatÐ à ÐMr.€Gawððs€remains€had€mistakenly€been€buried€years€prior€in€Mrs.€Brownððs€plot.€€WoodlawnÐ pÀ Ðmet€with€the€plaintiffs€and€suggested€the€temporary€interment€of€Mrs.€Brownððs€remains€inÐ P  Ða€mausoleum€while€Mr.€Gawððs€family€was€contacted€to€obtain€consent,€as€required€by€law,Ð 0€ Ðfor€the€disinterment€of€Mr.€Gawððs€remains.€€The€plaintiffs€agreed,€and€Mrs.€Brownððs€funeralÐ ` Ðservices€proceeded€on€schedule.€€Woodlawn€eventually€obtained€authority€to€disinter€Mr.Ð ð@ ÐGawððs€remains€and€Mrs.€Brown€was€then€buried€in€the€appropriate€plot.€€Under€theseÐ Ð  Ðcircumstances,€Woodlawnððs€conduct€cannot€be€considered€ð ðextremeðð€or€ð ðoutrageousðð€andÐ °"  Ðcannot€support€a€claim€for€negligent€infliction€of€emotional€distress.€€Therefore,€the€trialÐ $à" Ðcourtððs€grant€of€summary€judgment€to€the€defendants€on€the€plaintiffððs€claim€for€negligentÐ p&À!$ Ðinfliction€of€emotional€distress€is€affirmed.Ð P( #& ÐÌÔ#†X¢KXXX¢K©#Ôà@  ìàòòC.€€Breach€of€ContractóóˆÐ ,`'* ÐÌà  àThe€next€issue€stated€in€Plaintiffsðð€brief€is€ð ðwhether€Plaintiffs,€the€next€of€kin,€mayÐ Ð/ +. Ðrecover€for€breach€of€a€pre„need€funeral€and€cemetery€contract.ðð€€In€òòMoore€Const.€v.Ð °1-0 ÐClarksville€Dept.€of€Electricityóó,€707€S.W.2d€1€(Tenn.€App.€1985),€this€Court€recognized€that,Ð 3à.2 Ðwhile€intended€beneficiaries€to€a€contract€may€have€an€independent€right€to€enforceÐ p5À04 Ðcontracts€made€by€others€for€their€benefit,€ð ðincidental€beneficiaries€do€not€have€a€similarÐ P7 26 Ðright.ðð€€707€S.W.2d€at€8.€€This€Court€went€on€to€discuss€the€circumstances€whereby€a€thirdÐ 09€48 Ðparty€beneficiary€can€maintain€an€action€on€a€contract€as€an€intended€beneficiary.Ð ° ÐÓÓà8  à[I]f€recognition€of€a€third€party€beneficiary's€rights€is€"appropriate€to€effectuateÐ à Ðthe€intention€of€the€parties"€and€if€there€is€either€an€expression€in€the€contractÐ €Ð Ðthat€the€contracting€parties€intended€to€benefit€the€third€party€(the€"intent€toÐ pÀ Ðbenefit"€test)€or€proof€that€the€promisor's€performance€will€otherwiseÐ ` ° Ðdischarge€a€duty€owed€to€a€third€party€beneficiary€by€the€promisee€(the€"dutyÐ P   Ðowed"€test),€then€the€third€party€beneficiary€can€maintain€an€action€on€theÐ @  Ðcontract.Ð0 €Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` àSince€the€law€presumes€that€a€contract€has€been€executed€for€theÐ `  Ðbenefit€of€the€parties€thereto,€a€person€claiming€to€be€an€intended€beneficiaryÐ P  Ðhas€the€burden€of€proving€from€the€terms€of€the€contract€itself€or€theÐ ð@  Ðcircumstances€surrounding€the€contract's€execution€that€he€is€entitled€toÐ à0  Ðrecover.€€òòRutherford€County€v.€City€of€Murfreesboroóó,€202€Tenn.€455,€459-60,Ð Ð  Ð304€S.W.2d€635,€637€(1957),€and€òòSherrill€v.€Erwinóó,€31€Tenn.App.€663,€673,Ð À Ð220€S.W.2d€878,€882€(1949).€€€Each€case€must€be€decided€on€its€own€uniqueÐ ° Ðfacts€considered€in€light€of€the€specific€contractual€agreements€and€theÐ  ð Ðcircumstances€under€which€they€were€made.ÐàÐ Ð  ÐÌÓ–ÓòòId.óó€at€9„10€(footnote€omitted).€€Accordingly,€under€òòMooreóó,€a€person€claiming€to€be€anÐ pÀ Ðintended€beneficiary€must€establish€either:€€(1)€that€there€exists€ð ðan€expression€in€theÐ P  Ðcontract€that€the€contracting€parties€intended€to€benefit€the€third€partyðð;€or€(2)€that€ð ðtheÐ 0€ Ðpromisorððs€performance€will€discharge€a€duty€owed€to€[the]€third€party€beneficiary€by€theÐ ` Ðpromisee.ðð€€Upon€review€of€the€record€in€this€case,€we€find€that€there€exists€no€genuineÐ ð@ Ðissue€as€to€whether€either€of€these€conditions€exist.€€There€was€no€expression€in€theÐ Ð  Ðoriginal€agreements€that€the€Browns€specifically€intended€to€benefit€either€Clark€or€Pilote,Ð °"  Ðand€no€proof€suggests€that€Woodlawnððs€performance€pursuant€to€the€agreements€wouldÐ $à" Ðdischarge€ð ða€duty€owedðð€to€either€Clark€or€Pilote.€€Accordingly,€the€trial€court€was€correctÐ p&À!$ Ðin€granting€Woodlawn€partial€summary€judgment€as€to€Plaintiffs€breach€of€contract€claims.Ð P( #& ÐÌà@´´$ìàòòD.€€TrespassóóˆÐ ,`'* ÐÌà  àThe€next€issue€stated€in€Plaintiffsðð€brief€is€ð ðwhether€a€genuine€issue€of€material€factÐ Ð/ +. Ðremains€as€to€Plaintiffsðð€allegation€of€trespass.ðð€€In€this€case,€Plaintiffs€have€submittedÐ °1-0 Ðevidence€that€Eunice€Brown€possessed€the€interment€(burial)€rights€to€plot€129C„3,€andÐ 3à.2 Ðthat€Jessie€Gaw,€who€was€mistakenly€buried€in€plot€129C„3,€possessed€the€interment€rightsÐ p5À04 Ðto€plot€129C„1,€and€not€129C„3.€€€òòóóÔ‡ XN€XXX¢KÔWhile€such€an€ð ðinterment€rightðð€may€not,€of€itself,€amountÐ P7 26 Ðto€any€fee€interest€in€the€land,€it€does€create€an€easement€from€which€a€decedentððs€heirsÐ 49„48 Ðmay€maintain€an€action€for€trespass.€€òòSeeóó€òòBoyd€v.€Ducktown€Chemical€&€Iron€Co.óó,€19Ð ° ÐTenn.€App.€392,€89€S.W.2d€360,€366€(1935)€(recognizing,€ð ð[t]he€right€of€burial€...€is€nothingÐ €Ð Ðmore€than€a€right€of€limited€use€of€the€land,€and€it€may€properly€be€regarded€as€anÐ Lœ Ðeasementðð).Ô#†X¢KXX XN€®¢#Ô€€Ð  h ÐÌà  àOn€appeal,€Defendants€challenge€Plaintiffsðð€claim€of€trespass€on€two€grounds.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€Ð Ü ,  ÐFirst,€they€assert€that€any€claim€of€trespass€ð ðwas€not€raised€in€the€Complaint€...€and€...€wasÐ ¼  Ðnever€argued€before€the€Trial€Court.ðð€€We€reject€this€argument,€however,€as€PlaintiffsððÐ œì  ÐSecond€Amended€Complaint€(and€their€prior€First€Amended€Complaint)€succinctly€alleges,Ð |Ì Ðð ðWoodlawn€...€trespassed€on€Eunice€Brownððs€property.ðð€€Thereafter,€the€complaint(s)€claimÐ \¬ Ðdamages€ð ðas€a€result€of€the€trespass€and€breach€of€contracts.ðð€€Moreover,€while€PlaintiffsððÐ <Œ Ðtrespass€claim€may€not€have€been€specifically€addressed€in€the€trial€court€during€argumentÐ l Ðon€Defendantsðð€motion€for€summary€judgment,€the€ultimate€issue€that€was€raised€in€the€trialÐ üL Ðcourt€and€on€appeal€was€Defendantsðð€entitlement€to€summary€judgment,€to€which€PlaintiffsððÐ Ü, Ðtrespass€claim€related.€Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àThe€second€ground€upon€which€Defendants€challenge€Plaintiffsðð€trespass€claim€isÐ |"Ì  Ðthat€ð ðPlaintiffs€fail€to€state€a€claim€for€trespass€for€which€relief€can€be€grantedðð€becauseÐ \$¬" Ðð ðthey€are€unable€to€provide€proof€of€actual€damages.ðð€€We€reject€this€contention,€however,Ð <&Œ!$ Ðbecause€ð ð[e]very€trespass€gives€a€right€to€at€least€nominal€damages.ðð€€òòPrice€v.€Osborneóó,Ð (l#& Ð24€Tenn.€App.€525,€147€S.W.2d€412,€413€(1940);€òòSchumpert€v.€Mooreóó,€24€Tenn.€App.€695,Ð ü)L%( Ð149€S.W.2d€471,€473€(1940).Ð Ü+,'* ÐÌà  àFor€these€reasons,€we€find€that€there€are€genuine€issues€of€material€fact€regardingÐ œ/ì*. ÐPlaintiffsðð€trespass€claim€and€whether€it€is€actionable.€€Therefore,€summary€judgment€wasÐ ° Ðnot€proper€on€this€claim.€€The€trial€courtððs€grant€of€summary€judgment€should€be€reversedÐ à Ðon€this€issue.Ð pÀ ÐÌà@±±ìàòòE.€€Plaintiffsðð€Motion€to€AmendóóˆÐ 0 € ÐÌà  àThe€last€issue€raised€by€Plaintiffs€in€their€brief€is€ð ðwhether€the€trial€court€properlyÐ ð@  Ðdenied€Plaintiffsðð€motion€for€leave€to€amend€their€complaint.ððà È à€Rule€15.01€of€the€TennesseeÐ Ð  ÐRules€of€Civil€Procedure€provides:Ð ° ÐÓÓà8  àA€party€may€amend€the€party's€pleadings€once€as€a€matter€of€course€at€anyÐ à Ðtime€before€a€responsive€pleading€is€served€....€€Otherwise€a€party€mayÐ €Ð Ðamend€the€party's€pleadings€only€by€written€consent€of€the€adverse€party€orÐ pÀ Ðby€leave€of€court;€€and€leave€shall€be€freely€given€when€justice€so€requires.Ð`°Ð Ð  Ѐ€Ð P  ÐÓ/¯ÓòòTenn.€R.€Civ.€P.óó€15.01.€€In€òòHall€v.€Shelby€County€Retirement€Bd.óó,€922€S.W.2d€543€(Tenn.Ð @ ÐApp.€1995),€this€Court€stated€the€following€with€reference€to€Rule€15.01:Ð  p ÐÓÓà8  àIn€Tennessee,€after€a€responsive€pleading€has€been€served,€the€denial€of€aÐ P Ðmotion€to€amend€the€pleadings€lies€within€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trialÐ ð@ Ðcourt.€€It€will€not€be€reversed€absent€a€showing€of€an€abuse€of€that€discretion.€Ð à0 ÐòòMerriman€v.€Smithóó,€599€S.W.2d€548,€559€(Tenn.€App.€1979);€òòWelch€v.Ð Ð  ÐThuanóó,€882€S.W.2d€792,€793€(Tenn.€App.€1994).€€There€are€severalÐ À! Ðconsiderations€a€trial€judge€should€evaluate€in€determining€whether€to€grantÐ °"  Ðor€deny€a€motion€to€amend.€€Among€these€factors€are€undue€delay€in€filing,Ð  #ð! Ðlack€of€notice€to€the€opposing€party,€bad€faith€by€the€moving€party,€repeatedÐ $à" Ðfailure€to€cure€deficiencies€by€previous€amendments,€undue€prejudice€to€theÐ €%Ð # Ðopposing€party,€and€futility€of€amendment.€€òòMerrimanóó,€599€S.W.2d€at€559.Ðp&À!$Ð Ð  ÐÌÓÖ±ÓòòHallóó,€922€S.W.2d€at€546.€€ð ð[I]n€the€event€the€motion€to€amend€is€denied,€[however,]€the€trialÐ P( #& Ðcourt€must€give€a€reasoned€explanation€for€his€action.ðð€€òòHenderson€v.€Bush€Bros.€&€Co.óó,Ð 0*€%( Ð868€S.W.2d€236,€238€(Tenn.€1993).€€In€this€case,€Plaintiffs€were€given€a€full€chance€to€beÐ ,`'* Ðheard€on€their€motion€to€amend,׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€after€which€the€trial€court€made€an€express€finding€ð ðthatÐ ð-@), Ðthe€trial€date€in€this€case€[was]€set€for€September€14,€1998€and€the€motion€for€the€thirdÐ Ð/ +. Ðamendment€was€filed€after€the€filing€of€Defendantsðð€Motion€for€Summary€Judgment€and€theÐ °1-0 ÐCourt€is€of€the€opinion€that€the€Motion€to€Amend€would€be€prejudicial€to€Defendants€....ðð€€Ð 3à.2 ÐÐ p5À04 Ðà  àOn€appeal,€Plaintiffs€contend€that€the€sole€basis€upon€which€the€trial€court€deniedÐ ° ÐPlaintiffsðð€motion€to€amend€was€that€the€motion€to€amend€was€filed€after€DefendantsððÐ à Ðmotion€for€summary€judgment€was€filed.€€While€the€trial€courtððs€order,€which€is€quotedÐ pÀ Ðabove,€reflects€that€its€denial€was,€òòin€partóó,€based€upon€the€mere€fact€that€the€amendmentÐ P   Ðwas€sought€after€the€filing€of€Defendantsðð€motion€for€summary€judgment,€it€is€clear€from€theÐ 0 € Ðtrial€courtððs€order€that€its€reasoning€was€not€so€limited.€€The€trial€court€reasoned€thatÐ `  Ðallowance€of€Plaintiffsðð€additional€causes€of€action€sought€to€be€asserted€by€Plaintiffsðð€ThirdÐ ð@  ÐAmended€Complaint€would€be€prejudicial€to€Defendants€in€light€of€the€timing€of€PlaintiffsððÐ Ð  Ðmotion,€with€the€case€set€for€trial€shortly€thereafter.€€This€reasoning€is€tantamount€to€aÐ ° Ðfinding€of€ð ðundue€delay,ðð€as€prejudice€to€Defendants€would€stem€from€their€inability€toÐ à Ðadequately€conduct€further€discovery€relating€to€Plaintiffsðð€additional€claims.€€Additionally,Ð pÀ Ðwe€further€note€that€Plaintiffs€had€already€twice€previously€amended€their€complaint.€€InÐ P  Ðlight€of€the€foregoing,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€denyingÐ 0€ ÐPlaintiffsðð€motion€to€amend.Ð ` ÐÌà@//"ìàò òòòIII.€€Conclusionóóó óˆÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€we€hereby€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€grant€of€summary€judgment€to€ServiceÐ $à" ÐCorp.€€We€further€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€grant€of€summary€judgment€as€to€PlaintiffsððÐ p&À!$ Ðnegligent€infliction€of€emotional€distress€claim€and€breach€of€contract€claim€againstÐ P( #& ÐWoodlawn.€€We€reverse,€however,€the€trial€courtððs€grant€of€summary€judgment€as€toÐ 0*€%( ÐPlaintiffsðð€trespass€claim€against€Woodlawn,€and€remand€this€case€to€the€trial€court€for€Ð ,`'* Ðfurther€proceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.€€Lastly,€we€hereby€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€Ð ð-@), ÐÌÌÌÌÌÐ 09€48 Ðdenial€of€Plaintiffsðð€motion€to€amend.€€Costs€on€appeal€are€taxed€one„half€against€PlaintiffsÐ ° Ðand€one„half€against€Woodlawn,€for€which€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.Ð à Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àà x àÌÌà  àÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð 0 € Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àóóà È àHIGHERS,€J.Ð  p  ÐÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ ð@  ÐCRAWFORD,€P.J.,€W.S.Ð à0  ÐÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ  ð ÐLILLARD,€J.Ð à ÐÌà  à