ÿWPC …# VUFa %§ 07­äO 4R f u 0Ju w¿ 0TÏ 0^# 0h 0ré 0|[ 0†× 0] 1uí 0db U6Æ B)ü DC% AMhU*µëßrÊ B< 0UYv~®vÓ, D3ÿ 0@2 AOrÆÁ 0D‡ D/Ë Bú˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0†<¾½Q 9Z ‹.Courier New RegularX&âõ$¡Ñ€²Ñ Ö€ÿÿÖ EÝ ƒ&¦)ÝÝ  Ýà@°°*ìàÚ  Ú2Ú  Ú·‚^!X3|x2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ€ 2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d7Border 1dd€- Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial áÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€"ÔÔ€"ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€"XÔÌÌò òOctober€3,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€"ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó hÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ&)ÝÝ  Ýà@ àÚ  ÚÚ  Ú d(-3¦$©©Ý ƒâõ!ÝÑ€²ÑÝ  ÝPtPtHHøHÿöÿòV,(ühhØ hd'0ÿÎÿºF ® Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Geneva ÒÒ  BA Op Geneva Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÒ ° ÒÒ „ ÒÙ€€ÙÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑßL€!# ;+'h|F` Å `€€LßÌÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€IN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEE€Ì€€€€€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:€€€€€€ANDERSON€CHANCERYÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:€€€€€€CA€No.€03A01„9604„PB„00131Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:ÌIN€RE:€THE€ESTATE€OF€€€€€€€€€€€:€€€€€€HON.€WILLIAM€€E.€LANTRIPÌSALLY€B.€COGGINS,€deceased€€€€€:€€€€€€CHANCELLORÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€:€€€€€€AFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌJERRY€SHATTUCK,€WITH€SHATTUCK€&€ELLEGE,€OF€CLINTON,€TENNESSEE,€FORÏAPPELLANT€WILMA€J.€BOWMANÌÌLYNN€M.€LAUDERBACK,€WITH€LAUDERBACK€&€LAUDERBACK,€OF€KINGSPORT,ÏTENNESSEE,€and€ÌHUGH€P.€CLINE,€WITH€CLINE,€ADKINS€&€CLINE,€OF€NORTON,€VIRGINIA,€FORÏAPPELLEE€LUCILE€B.€CARTERÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€O€P€I€N€I€O€N€ÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Sanders,€Sp.J.€ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àThe€pivotal€issue€on€this€appeal€is,€if€an€attorney€in€factÏissues€a€check€to€a€bank,€drawn€on€the€checking€account€of€herÏprincipal,€for€which€the€bank€issues€a€time€certificate€of€depositÏfor€the€amount€of€the€check€in€the€name€of€the€principal€"or"€theÏattorney€in€fact,€and€there€is€no€specific€provision€in€the€power€ofÏattorney€for€such€transaction€and€no€signature€card€or€contract€ÏÖ€$Örelating€to€the€certificate€of€deposit€signed€by€either€the€principalÏor€the€attorney€in€fact,€upon€the€death€of€the€principal,€which€isÏentitled€to€the€funds,€the€principal's€estate€or€the€attorney€inÏfact?€€We€hold€the€estate€is€entitled€to€the€funds,€and€affirm.€€€€€ÌÌà àà àSally€B.€Coggins€died€intestate€in€Anderson€County€inÏMarch,€1992.€€She€left€three€adult€daughters,€Wilma€J.€Bowman,ÏLucille€B.€Carter,€and€Pauline€M.€Fletcher,€as€her€surviving€next€ofÏkin.ÌÌà àà àIn€1989,€due€to€badly€impaired€eyesight,€Mrs.€CogginsÏexecuted€a€power€of€attorney€designating€her€daughter,€Wilma€JuneÏBowman,€as€her€attorney€in€fact.€€As€pertinent,€the€power€of€attorneyÏgranted€Ms.€Bowman€the€following€powers:€(1)€to€endorse€checks€orÏdrafts€payable€to€me;€(2)€to€make€deposits€in€my€bank€account;€(3)€toÏsign€and€issue€checks€on€my€account€to€pay€my€bills€and€makeÏpurchases€for€my€benefit;€(4)€to€collect€debts€owed€to€me;€(5)€toÍpurchase€my€necessities€and€execute€contracts€or€agreements€for€myÏneeds;€(6)€to€buy€or€sell€stocks,€bonds€or€mutual€funds€that€myÏattorney€may€deem€to€be€in€my€best€interest;€(7)€to€settle,€adjust€orÏcompromise€any€claims€for€personal€injury,€property€damage€or€debt€IÏmay€have€against€others€or€they€against€me.€€It€further€provided:€Ï"In€other€words,€my€attorney„in„fact€is€granted€the€power€to€manageÏmy€money€and€conduct€my€business€affairs€in€general€and€to€performÏall€and€every€other€act€or€acts,€thing€or€things,€in€law€needful€andÏnecessary€in€and€about€the€premises,€as€fully,€completely,€and€amply,Ïto€all€intents€and€purposes€whatsoever€as€I€might€or€could€do€ifÏacting€personally."€ÌÌà àà àIt€appears€Mrs.€Coggins's€husband,€Van€R.€Coggins,€died€inÏthe€early€part€of€1990.€€After€his€death€Mrs.€Coggins€had€assetsÏvalued€at€approximately€$400,000,€consisting€primarily€of€cash,Ïcertificates€of€deposit,€stocks€and€securities.€€Between€the€latterÏpart€of€1990€and€Mrs.€Coggins's€death€in€1992,€transfers€were€made,Ïor€attempts€to€transfer€were€made,€of€stocks,€securities,€andÏcertificates€of€deposit€in€the€names€of€Mrs.€Coggins€and€Wilma€J.ÏBowman,€the€attorney€in€fact,€or€members€of€her€family,€as€jointÏtenants€with€the€right€of€survivorship,€in€the€amount€ofÏapproximately€$170,000.ÌÌà àà àIn€April,€1992,€after€Mrs.€Coggins's€death,€Wilma€J.€BowmanÏand€Lucille€B.€Carter,€two€of€Mrs.€Coggins's€daughters,€qualified€inÏchancery€court,€probate€division,€as€co„administrators€of€Mrs.ÏCoggins's€estate.ÌÌà àà àIn€May,€1992,€Wilma€J.€Bowman€filed€in€the€court€anÏinventory€of€the€assets€of€the€estate€showing€the€assets€of€theÏestate€to€be€$226,202.14.€€The€bulk€of€the€assets€were€certificatesÏof€deposit,€savings€accounts,€checking€accounts,€and€householdÏfurnishings€and€personal€effects€with€a€value€of€$20,000.ÌÌà àà àIn€August,€1993,€Wilma€Bowman€filed€a€petition€forÏconfirmation€of€final€settlement€and€to€close€the€estate.€€She€filedÏas€an€exhibit€to€the€petition€a€list€of€income€and€expenses€in€theÏadministration€of€the€estate,€together€with€the€amount€of€assets€toÏbe€distributed€to€the€heirs€of€the€estate.€€This€consisted€of€incomeÏof€approximately€$900,€expenses€approximately€$1,700€andÏdistributable€assets€of€approximately€$205,000.ÌÌà àà àLucille€Carter,€the€co„administrator€of€the€estate€with€Ms.ÏBowman,€did€not€join€in€the€inventory€of€the€estate€or€the€petitionÏfor€confirmation€of€the€final€settlement,€but€filed€objections€to€theÏpetition€and€inventory€and€asked€the€court€to€deny€the€petition€forÏconfirmation€and€final€settlement.€€As€pertinent,€Ms.€Carter€allegedÍthat€during€the€years€Ms.€Bowman€had€been€attorney€in€fact€for€Mrs.ÏCoggins,€she€had€wrongfully€and€without€authority€caused€stocks,Ïsecurities,€and€certificates€of€deposit€to€be€transferred€from€Mrs.ÏCoggins's€funds€into€stocks,€securities€and€certificates€of€depositÏin€the€joint€names€of€Ms.€Bowman€or€members€of€her€family€and€Mrs.ÏCoggins,€with€the€right€of€survivorship.€€The€amount€involved€wasÏ$169,000.€€These€funds€rightfully€belonged€to€the€estate€but€had€beenÏexcluded€from€the€inventories€filed€by€Ms.€Bowman.€€Ms.€Carter€askedÏthe€court€to€deny€the€petition€for€confirmation€of€the€proposedÏsettlement€filed€by€Ms.€Bowman,€to€hold€a€hearing€and€declare€theÏ$169,000€of€assets€to€be€assets€of€the€estate,€and€require€Ms.€BowmanÏand€the€other€members€of€her€family€to€surrender€these€assets€to€theÏestate.ÌÌà àà àA€hearing€was€ordered,€which€was€originally€held€before€theÏclerk€and€master.€€The€hearings€centered€around€three€separate€setsÏof€transactions€in€which€Ms.€Bowman,€as€attorney€in€fact,€wasÏinvolved.€€One€group€involved€stocks€and€securities€of€approximatelyÏ$70,000€which€were€placed€in€the€joint€names€of€Ms.€Bowman€and€Mrs.ÏCoggins.€€Upon€the€hearing,€the€proof€showed€Mrs.€Coggins€hadÏpersonally€signed€these€transfer€documents.€€The€second€set€ofÏdocuments€involved€two€certificates€of€deposit€in€the€amount€ofÏ$10,000€each,€one€of€which€was€in€the€joint€names€of€Sally€B.€CogginsÏor€Joe€Kent€Bowman,€and€the€other€was€in€the€joint€names€of€Sally€B.ÍCoggins€or€John€Scott€Bowman.€€The€record€also€shows€a€check€had€beenÏdrawn€on€Mrs.€Coggins's€checking€account€in€First€American€NationalÏBank€for€$20,000,€payable€to€Sovran€Bank€for€"2€C.D.'s€@€$10,000Ïeach."€€The€check€was€signed€by€Ms.€Bowman€under€her€power€ofÏattorney.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€record€also€shows€Sally€B.€Coggins€personally€signed,Ïjointly€with€Joe€Kent€Bowman,€a€signature€card€for€the€certificate€ofÏdeposit€which,€as€pertinent,€states:€"Joint€tenants€with€right€ofÏsurvivorship."€€Also,€as€pertinent,€printed€in€one€of€the€blocks€onÏthe€signature€card€was€"Acct.5SN/TAX€ID€No.€and€under€thisÏabbreviation€was€the€number€"224„20„4885."€€Also,€attached€to€theÏsignature€card€was€a€printed€form€with€five€separate€squares€followedÏby€different€printed€statements€for€the€person€signing€to€check€theÏsquare€preceding€the€statement€which€was€applicable.€€Above€theÏblocks€to€be€checked€was€printed€the€following:€"Under€penalties€ofÏperjury,€I€certify€that"€and€following€the€square€that€was€checkedÏwas:€"the€number€shown€on€this€form€is€my€correct€taxpayersÏidentification€number."€€This€form€was€personally€signed€by€Mrs.ÏCoggins.€€A€joint€signature€card€of€like€import€was€also€signed€byÏMrs.€Coggins€with€John€Scott€Bowman€and€the€same€certifying€attachedÏform€was€signed€by€Mrs.€Coggins.ÌÌà àà àThe€third€set€of€documents€around€which€the€hearingÏrevolved,€and€the€ones€at€issue€on€this€appeal,€are€five€separate,Ïpurported€certificates€of€deposit€in€the€joint€names€of€Sally€B.ÏCoggins€"or"€Wilma€J.€Bowman€which€were€purchased€by€Wilma€BowmanÏwith€Mrs.€Coggins's€money,€between€March€5,€1990€and€March€2,€1992,Ïin€amounts€from€$10,000€up€to€$29,000,€for€a€total€of€$80,000.€€Mrs.ÏCoggins€did€not€participate€in€any€way€in€the€purchase€of€theseÏcertificates.€€She€did€not€sign€any€signature€cards€or€any€otherÏdocuments€relating€to€these€certificates,€and€neither€did€WilmaÏBowman€sign€signature€cards€in€connection€with€the€certificates.ÌÌà àà àIn€his€report,€the€clerk€and€master€recommended€an€order€beÏentered€holding€the€stocks€and€securities€transferred€to€the€jointÏnames€of€Sally€B.€Coggins€and€Wilma€J.€Bowman€in€the€amount€ofÏapproximately€$70,000,€with€the€right€of€survivorship,€and€the€twoÏcertificates€of€deposit€of€$l0,000€each,€in€the€joint€names€of€SallyÏB.€Coggins€and€Joe€Kent€Bowman€and€John€Scott€Bowman,€respectively,Ïwith€the€right€of€survivorship,€all€having€been€signed€by€Mrs.ÏCoggins,€pass€outside€the€estate€of€Mrs.€Coggins.€€He€recommended,Ïhowever,€that€the€five€certificates€of€deposit€in€the€names€of€SallyÏB.€Coggins€or€Wilma€J.€Bowman,€in€the€total€amount€of€$80,000,€beÏdeclared€assets€of€the€estate.ÌÌà àà àThe€Appellant€filed€objections€to€the€report€of€the€clerkÏand€master€and€filed€a€petition€pursuant€to€Rule€53.04,€TRCP,€askingÏthe€court€to€reject€the€recommended€report€of€the€clerk€and€masterÏinsofar€as€it€recommended€the€certificates€of€deposit€be€declaredÏassets€of€the€estate.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€Appellee,€Lucille€Carter,€in€response€to€Appellant'sÏpetition,€asked€the€court€to€affirm€the€clerk€and€master's€report.ÌÌà àà àThe€chancellor€conducted€a€hearing€pursuant€to€Appellant'sÏpetition.€€Upon€the€hearing,€he,€in€effect,€affirmed€the€recommendedÏreport€of€the€clerk€and€master.€€He€held€the€certificates€of€stockÏand€securities€on€which€Mrs.€Coggins€had€signed€transfer€documentsÏand€the€two€certificates€of€deposit€on€which€she€had€signed€signatureÏcards€should€pass€outside€the€estate€to€the€surviving€parties.€€HeÏalso€held€the€remaining€five€certificates€in€the€names€of€Sally€B.ÏCoggins€or€Wilma€J.€Bowman€should€pass€to€the€estate.€€As€pertinent,Ïthe€court,€in€his€brief€opinion,€said:€"The€remaining€certificatesÏwere€acquired€by€the€fiduciary€and€established€in€her€name€and€theÏname€of€the€deceased€for€which€no€signature€cards€were€presented.€ÏThe€account€is€silent€as€to€any€right€of€survivorship.€€The€proceedsÏwere€stipulated€to€be€solely€from€the€monies€of€Sally€B.€Coggins.Ìà àà à"A€review€of€the€Power€of€Attorney€convinces€me€that€theÏfiduciary€did€not€possess€the€authority€to€establish€these€accounts.€ÏI€further€find€that€these€accounts€are€not€survivorship€account.€Ìà àà à"I€therefore€find€that€these€remaining€certificatesÏconstitute€a€part€of€the€decedent's€estate€and€do€not€in€any€mannerÏpass€to€Wilms€J.€Bowman."ÌÌà àà àMs.€Bowman€has€appealed,€saying€the€court€was€in€error€inÏholding€the€five€certificates€of€deposit€constituted€a€part€ofÏdecedent's€estate€and€did€not€pass€to€her.€€We€cannot€agree,€andÏaffirm.€Ìà àà àThe€issues€for€review€presented€by€the€Appellant€in€herÏbrief€are€as€follows:€(1)€"Can€the€trial€court€declare€invalidÏtransactions€done€at€the€direction€of€a€principal€who€was€competent,Ïnot€under€undue€influence,€aware€of€the€transactions€both€before€andÏafter€the€fact;€and€without€hearing€evidence€to€establish€theÏfairness€of€the€transactions€because€they€were€effected€by€her€agentÏthrough€a€power€of€attorney€due€to€the€principal's€legal€blindnessÏand€resulting€difficulty€in€writing?"€and€(2)€"Did€the€proof€in€thisÏcase€and€the€offer€of€proof€establish€the€fairness€of€theÏtransactions€involving€the€creation€and€existence€of€fiveÏcertificates€of€deposit€in€the€name€of€Sally€B.€Coggins,€and€herÏdaughter,€Wilma€J.€Bowman,€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence?"ÌÌà àà àThe€Appellant's€26„page€brief,€following€the€above„statedÏissues,€consists€of€a€restatement€of€the€testimony€of€the€witnessesÏin€the€hearing€before€the€chancellor.€€Appellant's€argument€is€thatÏthe€testimony€established€there€was€no€undue€influence€exercised€overÏMrs.€Coggins.€€The€Appellant,€however,€fails€to€cite€a€single€case€orÏany€statute€in€her€brief€to€support€her€argument€that€the€court€wasÏin€error.ÌÌà àà àThere€was€no€contention€on€the€trial€of€the€case,€nor€isÏthere€any€on€this€appeal,€by€the€Appellee,€Ms.€Carter,€that€Ms.ÏBowman€exercised€undue€influence€over€Mrs.€Coggins.€€Mrs.€Coggins€wasÏnot€a€party€to€purchasing€the€certificates€of€deposit€here€at€issue.€ÏIt€was€Ms.€Bowman,€acting€alone,€using€her€power€of€attorney€and€theÏfunds€of€Mrs.€Coggins,€who€purchased€the€certificates€of€deposit€andÏhad€her€name€added€as€a€joint€beneficiary.ÌÌà àà àIn€his€determination€of€the€case,€the€chancellor€made€theÏfollowing€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law:€Ï1."The...certificates€were€acquired€by€the€fiduciary€and€establishedÏin€her€name€and€the€name€of€the€deceased,€for€which€no€signatureÏcards€were€presented."€€2.€"The€account€is€silent€as€to€any€right€ofÏsurvivorship."€€3.€"The€proceeds€were€stipulated€to€be€solely€fromÏthe€monies€of€Sally€B.€Coggins."€€5.€"A€review€of€the€power€ofÏattorney€convinces€me€that€the€fiduciary€did€not€possess€theÍauthority€to€establish€these€accounts."€€5.€"I...find€these€accountsÏare€not€survivorship€accounts".ÌÌÒ û ÒÒ „ Òà àà àThe€law€and€the€evidence€support€each€of€the€findings€ofÏthe€chancellor.€€The€Appellant,€however,€does€not€address€a€singleÏone€of€these€specific€issues.ÌÌà àà àThe€general€rule€in€construing€powers€of€attorney€is:ÌÒ 4 ÒÒ  ÒÓÓà àIt€is€the€general€rule€that€a€power€of€attorneyÏmust€be€strictly€construed€and€strictly€pursued.€ÏUnder€this€rule,€the€instrument€will€be€held€to€grantÏonly€those€powers€which€are€specified,€and€the€agentÏmay€neither€go€beyond€nor€deviate€from€the€power€ofÏattorney„„in€other€words,€the€act€done€must€be€legallyÏidentical€with€that€authorized€to€be€done.€€ForÏexample,€an€attorney€in€fact€has€no€power€to€make€aÏgift€of€his€principal's€property€unless€that€power€isÏexpressly€conferred€on€him€by€the€instrument€or€unlessÏsuch€power€arises€as€a€necessary€implication€from€theÏpowers€which€are€expressly€conferred.Ìà àWhere€the€mode€of€exercising€power€is€prescribedÏin€the€instrument€in€which€it€is€created,€there€mustÏbe€a€strict€compliance€therewith€in€every€substantialÏparticular.Ìà àWhere€power€is€conferred€on€an€agent€by€a€powerÏof€attorney,€the€meaning€of€general€words€in€theÏinstrument€is€restricted€by€the€context€and€construedÏaccordingly€and€the€authority€given€is€construedÏstrictly,€so€as€to€exclude€the€exercise€of€any€powerÏthat€is€not€warranted€either€by€the€terms€actuallyÏused€or€as€a€necessary€means€of€executing€with€effectÏthe€authority€given.€€Accordingly€a€general€clause€inÏa€power€of€attorney€given€for€a€specific€purpose,Ïauthorizing€the€agent€to€do€"any€and€every€act"€in€theÏprincipal's€name€which€he€could€do€in€person,€must€beÏconstrued€to€relate€to€the€specific€purpose,€and€doesÏnot€constitute€such€agent€a€general€agent.ÌÌÒ û ÒÒ Ï ÒÓÓ3€Am.Jur.2d€Agency€ðððð€31,€32,€p.€535.ÌÌà àà àWe€agree€with€the€chancellor€that€the€attorney€in€factÏdid€not€possess€the€authority€under€the€power€of€attorney€toÏestablish€the€certificates€of€deposit€and€they€are€void€and€of€noÏeffect.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€Appellee€relies€upon€TCA€ðð€34„6„108(c)(6),€whichÏprovides:€€"(c)€Nothing€contained€in€this€section€and€ðð€34„6„109Ïshall€be€construed€to€vest€an€attorney€in€fact€with,€or€authorize€anÏattorney€in€fact€to€exercise,€any€of€the€following€powers:€....€(6)ÏChange,€add€or€delete€any€right€of€survivorship€designation€on€anyÏproperty,€real€or€personal,€to€which€the€principal€holds€title,Ïalone€or€with€others."ÌÌà àà àWe€agree€this€section€of€the€Code€would€expresslyÏprohibit€the€attorney€in€fact€from€creating€the€certificates€ofÏdeposit.€€We€observe€the€statute€became€effective€in€1991€and€fourÏof€the€certificates€predate€the€statute.€€The€court€was€correct€inÏhis€finding€that€the€certificates€of€deposit€contained€no€provisionÏcreating€a€right€of€survivorship€and€no€signature€card€wasÏpresented.ÌÌà àà àWe€think€the€case€of€ò òLowry€v.€Lowryó ó,€541€S.W.2d€128Ï(Tenn.1976)€is€controlling€in€the€case€at€bar.€€In€ò òLowryó ó,€ourÍsupreme€court€adopted€the€contract€theory€in€this€jurisdiction€asÏthe€basis€for€creating€a€joint€tenancy€with€the€right€of€survivor,Ïas€opposed€to€the€gift€theory€used€in€some€other€states.€€InÏadopting€the€contract€theory,€the€court€said,€in€effect,€a€right€ofÏsurvivorship€may€be€created€by€a€written€contract€between€theÏparties€and€the€signature€card€may€be€looked€to€to€ascertain€theÏintent€of€the€parties.€€òòIdóó.€130,€131.ÌÌà àà àThe€following€quotes€are€from€the€ò òLowryó ó€court:Ì"Although€some€jurisdictions€have€adopted€the€'gift'€theory...weÏfeel€the€better€reasoned€approach€utilizes€the€'contract'€theory."ÏòòId.óó€at€130;€"Of€primary€importance€is€the€case€of€ò òMelhorn€vó ó.Ïò òMelhornó ó,€208€Tenn.€678,€348€S.W.2d€319€(1961)...[T]he€Court€lookedÏto€the€intention€of€the€parties€as€expressed€by€the€joint€signatureÏcard€and€the€testimony€of€the€bank€officers,€and€made€it€clear€thatÏit€considered€the€joint€account€a€contractual€undertaking."€òòId.óó€atÏ130,€131;€€"The€most€recent€Tennessee€case€relevant€to€the€issue€isÏò òIacometti€v.€Frassinellió ó,€494€S.W.2d€496€(Tenn.App.1973)....TheÏCourt€stated€that€absent€a€finding€of€fraud,€undue€influence,€orÏoverreaching:€'...the€written€agreement€signed€by€the€deceasedÏspeaks€just€as€loudly€and€clearly€as€if€the€deceased€herself€tookÏthe€stand€and€orally€expressed€the€words€written€on€the€paper.'€òòId.óóÏat€500".€Id.€at€131;€€"Absent€clear€and€convincing€evidence€ofÏcontrary€intent€expressed€at€the€time€of€its€execution,€we€hold€thatÍa€bank€signature€card€containing€an€agreement€in€clear€andÏunambiguous€language€that€a€joint€account€with€rights€ofÏsurvivorship€is€intended,€creates€a€joint€tenancy€enforceableÏaccording€to€its€terms;€and€upon€the€death€of€one€of€the€jointÏtenants,€the€proceeds€pass€to€the€survivor."€òòId.óó€at€132.ÌÌà àà àWe€hold€that,€absent€a€signature€card€or€other€writtenÏdocument€signed€by€the€parties€creating€a€joint€tenancy€with€theÏright€of€survivorship,€none€was€created.ÌÌà àà àThe€decree€of€the€chancellor€is€affirmed.€€The€cost€ofÏthis€appeal€is€taxed€to€the€Appellant€and€the€case€is€remanded€toÏthe€trial€court€for€any€further,€necessary€proceedings.ÌÓÓÌÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€__________________________Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Clifford€E.€Sanders,€Sp.J.ÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:€ÌÌÌ__________________________ÌHerschel€P.€Franks,€J.€ÌÌÌ__________________________ÌCharles€D.€Susano,€Jr.,€J.ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÒ ( ÒÒ Ï Òà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ì