ÿWPC‘ …# VUNa %¯ 0(µw@Ý4 1 0l@ 0D¬ ð 0Jø 0TB 0^– 0hô 0r\ 0|Î 0†J 0Ð 1u` 0dÕ U>9B)w B DC½ AMU*Mw˜v~(vÓ¦ D3y 0@¬ AOìÆ; 0D D/E Bt˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 (ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ D£gdUVÓ€z!z¼3|x((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d d!!!!7Border 1dd€-#Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÔ€%ÔÔ€%ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€%XÔÌÌò òOctober€3,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€%ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó ŽÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝRule€10€(Rules€of€the€Court€of€Appeals€of€Tennessee).€Ì(a)€ò òAffirmance€Without€Opinion.ó ó€€€The€Court,€with€the€concurrence€of€all€judges€participatingÏin€the€case,€may€affirm€the€action€of€the€trial€court€by€order€without€rendering€a€formal€opinionÏwhen€an€opinion€would€have€no€precedential€value€and€one€or€more€of€the€following€circumstancesÏexist€and€are€dispositive€of€the€appeal:Ìà à(1)€the€Court€concurs€in€the€facts€as€found€or€as€found€by€necessary€implication€by€the€trialÏcourt.à àÌà à(2)€there€is€material€evidence€to€support€the€verdict€of€the€jury.Ìà à(3)€no€reversible€error€of€law€appears.€Ìà àSuch€cases€may€be€affirmed€as€follows:€ð ðAffirmed€in€accordance€with€Court€of€Appeals€ÌRule€10(a).ððÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Geneva ÒÒ  BA Op Geneva Ò""""'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\Ñ›Ñ7€E XdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ќ̛à@ àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àWESTERN€SECTION€AT€JACKSONÌÌJOSEPH€COLLINS,€œIIIà à›€à àà à)à àó óFrom€the€œChancery€Courtò ò›Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à àà à€à àà à)à àó ófor€Lake€County,€Tennesseeò òÌà àPlaintiff/Appellant,à àà àà à)à àó óThe€Honorable€Joe€G.€Riley,€œJr.,ÏJudge€€€€€ò ò›Ìœvs.›à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àó óLake€County€œChancery€No.›€3807ò òÌHELENE€LAROSE€CLEGG,€€€€€€à àà à)à àó óAppeal€No.€œ02A01„9502„CH„00028ò ò€€€ÌÙ€€ÙßL€$&#;+'h|­` Å `€€Lßà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à àà à›€€€€€€€€€€€€€à àà àœ)›à àAFFIRMEDÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àDefendant/Appellee.à àà àà à)à àó óJoseph€Collins,ÏIIIò òÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àó óRidgely,€œTennesseeò ò›Ìà àà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à àà à)à àó óPro€Se€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àó óJohn€Vaughn€€€€€€€ò ò€ó ó€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)à àó óTiptonville,€TennesseeÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)à àœó óAttorney›€for€Defendant/Appellee€ò òÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌà@ àóóRULE€10€ORDER€AND€OPINIONÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌóóó óÌÓÓà àThis€matter€appears€appropriate€for€consideration€pursuant€to€Rule€10(a)€of€the€Rules€of€theÏCourt€of€Appeals€of€Tennessee.œ× ƒ' ××  ×›Ìà àThe€facts€in€this€case€are€well€summarized€in€the€Memorandum€Opinion€by€œthe€Honorable›ÏJoe€G.€Riley:ÌÓÓœà8 à›à àThe€mother€and€father€lived€together€in€Michigan€for€approximately€fifteenÏ(15)€years€but€were€never€married.€€They€had€a€daughter,€Cnanah,€now€seven€(7)Ïyears€of€age.€ÌÌœà8 à›à àThe€father€moved€from€Michigan€to€Tennessee€in€February€1993.€€TheÍmother€and€daughter€stayed€in€Michigan.€€The€mother€and€daughter€visited€theÏfather€in€Tennessee€around€May€1993.€€The€daughter€remained€with€the€father€afterÏthat€visit€and€finished€the€school€year€in€Tennessee.ÌœÌà8 à›à àBoth€parents€are€gainfully€employed.€€€The€mother€has€been€employed€at€aÏmortgage€company€for€seven€(7)€years€and€makes€approximately€$1,700€perÏmonth.ÌœÌÇà8 à›à àOn€June€œ2,›€1993,€the€father€filed€a€petition€for€custody€giving€notice€of€aÏJune€15th€hearing€date.€€The€mother€was€served€with€this€process€in€Michigan€onÏJune€14th.€€At€the€motherððs€request€fatherððs€counsel€agreed€to€a€continuance€untilÏJuly€6th.ÌœÌà8 à›à àJust€prior€to€July€6th€the€mother€came€to€Tennessee.€€On€July€6th€the€œmotherÏwas›€without€counsel€and€was€in€significant€distress.€€In€the€office€of€the€fatherððsÏcounsel€the€mother€agreed€to€joint€custody€with€primary€physical€custody€beingÏwith€the€father.€€She€was€very€upset€and€crying.€€She€immediately€appeared€in€courtÏand€advised€the€Court€that€she€was€agreeable€to€entry€of€this€order.ÌœÌà8 à›à àThe€father€and€the€child€went€to€Michigan€in€August€1993.€€The€parents€gotÏinto€a€violent€argument.€€The€mother€was€assaulted€by€the€father€and€had€much€ofÏher€property€destroyed.€€The€father€was€arrested.ÌœÌà8 à›à àThe€mother€filed€a€custody€proceeding€in€Michigan.€€Michigan€dismissedÏher€petition€for€lack€of€jurisdiction.€€The€mother€also€sought€relief€in€federal€courtÏunder€the€Parental€œKidnapping›€Prevention€Act.€€The€Federal€District€Court€of€theÏEastern€District€of€Michigan€dismissed€her€action€for€lack€of€jurisdiction.ÌœÌà8 à›à àOn€November€3,€1993,€the€mother€filed€her€Motion€to€Modify€ChildÏCustody€in€this€Court.€€In€order€to€resolve€this€litigation€in€Tennessee€she€has€takenÏleave€from€her€employment€and€has€been€staying€in€a€shelter€in€this€state.€€It€is€herÏintention€to€return€to€Michigan€to€her€stable€employment€upon€termination€of€theseÏœproceedings.ÌÌMem.€Op.€at€1„2.Ì›ÌÓÓà àThe€trial€œjudge›€noted€that€the€Michigan€courts€had€apparently€deferred€to€œTennessee,›€andÏtherefore€œthe€trial€court€assumed›€jurisdiction€over€this€matter.€€The€trial€court€observed€that€this€wasÏthe€first€occasion€in€which€the€best€interest€of€the€minor€child€was€œaddressed€because€the€motherÏapparently€agreed€to€the€original€custody€order€under€pressure€and€without€counsel.›€€AfterÏconsidering€the€evidence€presented€at€the€hearing,€the€trial€court€concluded€that€it€would€be€in€theÏbest€interest€of€the€child€for€œthe€mother›€and€œfather›€to€have€joint€custody€with€primary€physicalÏcustody€with€œthe€mother›€and€appropriate€visitation€with€œthe€father.›Ìà àThe€standard€of€review€of€the€trial€courtððs€order€is€òòò òde€novoó óóó€upon€the€record,€accompaniedÏby€a€presumption€of€œcorrectness€of€the€finding,›€unless€the€preponderance€of€evidence€is€otherwise.€Ïò òòòHass€v.€Knightonó óóó,€676€S.W.2d€554,€œ555€(Tenn.›€1984);€œò òòòMusselman›€v.€Acuffóóó ó,€826€S.W.2dÏ920,€922€(Tenn.€App.€1991).€€The€paramount€consideration,€of€course,€remains€the€best€interest€ofÏthe€child.€€ò òòòMusselman,€œóóó ó826€S.W.2d€at€922;›€ò òòòBah€v.€Bahó óóó,€668€S.W.2d€œ663,€665›€(Tenn.€App.Íœ1983).›Ìà àAlthough€this€is€a€review€of€a€proceeding€to€modify€child€custody,€we€note€that€œtheÏjudgment€below›€was€the€first€time€that€a€court€had€addressed€the€best€interest€of€the€partiesðð€minorÏchild€in€this€cause.€€From€our€examination€of€the€record,€the€evidence€clearly€preponderates€inÏfavor€of€the€trial€courtððs€order€awarding€joint€custody€to€œthe€mother›€and€father€with€primaryÏphysical€custody€to€œthe€mother.€€Therefore,€we€concur€in€the€facts€as€found€by€the€trial€court€andÏno€reversible€error€of€law€appears.›Ìà àœAffirmed€in€accordance€with€Court€of€Appeals€Rule€10(a).›€€Costs€are€taxed€to€theÏAppellant,€for€which€execution€may€issue,€if€necessary.€ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìóóà àà àà àà àà àà àò òHOLLY€KIRBY€LILLARD,€J.ÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌòòÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌóóW.€FRANK€CRAWFORD,€P.J.,€W.S.ÌòòÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌóóALAN€E.€HIGHERS,€J.ó ó