ÿWPCŽ …U:V %b–žn­® 04[w.—4Å 0xÙ 0DQ 0J• 0Tß 0^3 0h‘ 0rù 0|k 0†ç 0m 1uý 0dr U>Ö B)DC= AM€U*Í÷v~vÓ† D3Y BŒ 0@© AOéÆ8 0Dþ D/B Bq<þ6X9`("Courier NewTTX- ù-3|xu«<þ6X9`("Courier NewTTXXxþ6X@ÉDQX@( ¤T$¡¡Ó  ÓfgEhiDjUkÓ€uDÒ (((3Þ $¤¤Ý ƒ¤T!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d####7Border 1dd€-$Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€&ÔÔ€&ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€&XÔÌÌDecember€11,€1996ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  inion Geneva ÒÒ  inion Geneva Ò,,,,'ÿÿdxd d("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ ` ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€V…XXdÖdÈ7ÑÑ€ÑÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€"Ôò ò›Þ ÞÌWALTER€A.€DICKMAN,à àà à€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)à àPutnum€County€Circuit€CourtÌà àPlaintiff/Appellant.à à€€€)à àNo.€J„5751Ìà àà àà àà à€€€à àà à€€€)€ÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)€ÌHOMES€OF€LEGEND,€INC.€Andà à€€€)à àCivil€Appeal€No.€ÌœÙ€€ÙÙ€€ÙßR€%'$A1-j|Ëé` ç `€€@ÿRß›MEADOWS€HOMES,€INC.,à àà à€€€)à à01A01„9605„CV„00210Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)Ìà àDefendants/Appellees.à à€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌÓ  ÓIN€THE€CIRCUIT€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌMIDDLE€SECTION€AT€NASHVILLEÌÌÌAPPEALED€FROM€THE€CIRCUIT€COURT€OF€PUTNUM€COUNTYÌ€AT€COOKEVILLE,€TENNESSEEÌÓ  ÓÌÌÓ  ÓHONORABLE€JOHN€TURNBULL,€JUDGEÌÓ  Óó óÌÌRICHARD€M.€BROOKSà àà àà àCHARLES€W.€McKINNEYÌ215€Smotherman€Avenueà àà àà àTwo€East€Main€StreetÌP.O.€Box€255à àà àà àà àà àGordonsville,€TN€38563ÌCarthage,€TN€37030ÌATTORNEY€FOR€œPLAINTIFF/APPELLANT›ÌÌÌKIMBERLY€K.€WHALEYà àà àà àDANIEL€H.€RADER€IIIÌB.P.R.€#11186à àà àà àà àMoore,€Rader,€Clift€and€FitzpatrickÌMcHale,€Lackey€&€Whaleyà àà àà à46€North€Jefferson€AvenueÌ101€Westpark€Drive,€Suite€135à àà àCookeville,€TN€38502ÌBrentwood,€Tennessee€37027Ô€"ÔÌATTORNEY€FOR€DEFENDANT/APPELLEEÌÌÌœò òÓ  ÓÔ€"¼ÔREVERSED,€VACATED›€AND€REMANDEDÔ€"XÔó óÌÓ  Ớ̜Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àHENRY€F.€TODDÌà àà àà àà àà àà àPRESIDING€JUDGE,€MIDDLE€SECTIONÌ̛̜ÌCONCUR:ÌœBEN›€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGE,ÌœÌÌCONCURS€IN€SEPARATE€OPINIONÌWILLIAM›€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÌÌœÌò òWALTER›€A.€DICKMAN,à àà à€à à€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)à àPutnum€County€Circuit€CourtÌà àPlaintiff/Appellant,à àà àà à€€€)à àNo.€J„5751Ìà àà àà àà à€€€à àà à€€€)€ÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)€ÌHOMES€OF€LEGEND,€INC.€andà àà à€€€)à àCivil€Appeal€No.€ÌMEADOWS€HOMES,€INC.,à àà à€€€)à à01A01„9605„CV„00210Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)Ìà àDefendants/Appellees.à àà à€€€)ó óÔ€"ÔÌÌÌò òòòÓ  ÓO€€P€€I€€N€€I€€O€€Nóóó óÌÌÌÓÓÓ  ÓÔ€"Ôà àThe€plaintiff,€Walter€A.€Dickman,€has€appealed€from€a€summaryÏjudgment€dismissing€his€action€for€his€personal€injuries€sustained€byÏelectrical€shock€while€attempting€to€repair€an€electric€furnace€in€a€mobileÏhome€manufactured€by€the€defendant€Homes€of€Legend,€Inc.€and€sold€byÏMeadows€Homes,€Inc.ÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€ComplaintóóÌÓ  Óà àThe€complaint€alleged€that,€before€starting€to€work€on€the€electricÏfurnace,€œ€plaintiff€placed›€the€electric€controls€of€the€furnace€in€theirÏð ðoffðð€position;€that,€when€he€touched€the€heating€apparatus,€he€wasÏseverely€shocked€because€of€the€defective,€unsafe€and€hazardous€conditionÏof€the€furnace€or€its€controls;€and€that€the€furnace€was€an€ð ðinherently€andÏa€imminently€dangerous€product.ððÌÌà àThe€complaint€also€alleged€that€Meadows€Homes,€Inc.€failed€toÏfurnish€him€a€reasonably€safe€working€place,€negligently€failed€toÍadequately€inspect€and€test€the€furnace;€failed€to€warn€of€danger,€failed€toÏproperly€label€controls;€and€negligently€sold€the€mobile€home€in€aÏdangerous€condition.ÌÌà àHomes€of€Legend,€Inc.€was€charged€with€the€same€acts€of€negligenceÏin€the€manufacture€and€distribution€of€the€mobile€home.ÌÌà àThe€motions€of€both€defendants€rely€upon€affidavits€of€RonnieÏHolland€and€Robin€Meadows.ÌÌà àIn€relevant€part,€the€affidavit€of€Ronnie€Holland€states:ÌÓÓà àà àUpon€€examining€€the€€furnace,€€I€€noticed€€that€€there€wereÌà àà àactually€€two€€(2)€€sets€of€€breakers,€that€the€€blower€motorÌà àà àhad€€€been€€€removed€€€and€€€the€€€thermostat€€€wires€€€were€Ìà àà àdisconnected.€€The€main€breaker€was€in€the€ð ðoffðð€€position,Ìà àà àbut€the€other€set€of€breakers€for€the€furnace€was€in€the€ð ðonððÌà àà àposition.ÌÌà àà àI€€noticed€€that€€there€€was€€blood€€inside€€the€€furnace.€€Mr.Ìà àà àGoolsby€cleaned€up€the€blood€and€I€€turned€€off€€the€€otherÌà àà àset€€of€€breakers€€to€€the€€furnace€inside€the€switch€box€andÌà àà àthe€breakers€inside€the€furnace€unit€itself.ÌÌà àà àAfter€completing€the€duct€work€correction,€Jerry€GoolsbyÌà àà àput€the€blower€back€inside€the€furnace€and€€hooked€up€the€Ìà àà àthermostat€wires.ÌÌà àà àI€then€instructed€the€homeowner€to€flip€the€€main€€breaker€Ìà àà àback€on.€€I€then€turned€the€thermostat€up€and€€at€this€timeÌà àà àall€€the€€power€€was€€€in€€the€€ð ðonðð€€position€€and€€the€€unit€Ìà àà àautomatically€came€on.€Everything€appeared€to€be€normal.ÌÌà àà àAfter€I€left€the€Faulkners,€Jerry€Goolsby€and€I€returned€Mr.Ìà àà àDickmanððs€€van€€to€€his€€home.€€I€€€then€€€talked€€€with€€€Mr.€€Ìà àà àDickman€about€what€he€had€done€wrong€and€Mr.€Dickman€Ìà àà àtold€me€that€he€had€relied€upon€the€homeowner€to€turn€the€Ìà àà àbreakers€off€and€had€not€done€so€himself.ÌÌà àà àThere€was€a€set€of€breakers€close€to€Mr.€Dickmanððs€kneesÌà àà àwhile€he€was€working€on€the€furnace.€€He€could€have€evenÌà àà àturned€€them€€off€€himself,€€but€€failed€€to€€do€€so€€for€€some€ÌÓÓà àà àunknown€reason.ÌÌÓÓà àThe€affidavit€of€Robin€Meadows€in€relevant€part€states:Ìà àà àÌà àà àI€am€presently€employed€by€Meadows€Homes,€Inc.€as€LotÌà àà àManager€€for€€Meadows€€Homes,€€Inc.€on€or€about€July€6,€Ìà àà à1994.ÌÓÓÓÓà àà àÌà àà àOn€€or€€about€€June€€13,€1994,€Mr.€Dickman€and€I€enteredÌÓÓÓÓà àà àinto€a€written€contractorððs€Agreement.€€I€was€representingÌà àà àMeadows€Homes,€Inc.€€at€€the€€time.€€€This€€agreement€€set€Ìà àà àforth€€the€€manner€€in€€which€€Mr.€Dickman€was€to€provideÌà àà àservices€to€Meadows€Homes,€Inc.€òò€See€attached€Exhibit€A.óóÌÌà àà àIn€€addition,€Dickman€agreed€to€release€Meadows€Homes,Ìà àà àInc.€€from€€any€€and€€all€€liabilities€concerning€the€contract,€Ìà àà àjobs€and€any€of€our€employees€and€our€properties.ÌÌà àà àWith€€regard€€to€€services€performed€by€Mr.€Dickman,€Mr.€Ìà àà àDickman€€had€€the€sole€discretion€as€to€how€those€servicesÌà àà àwould€be€rendered,€when€they€would€be€rendered,€andÌÓÓà àà àhow€they€would€be€completed.€Ìà àÌà àExhibit€A€to€the€affidavit€is€not€found€in€the€record.ÌÌà àThe€affidavit€of€Walter€A.€Dickman,€filed€on€November€21,€1995,Ïstates:ÌÓÓà àà àI€€then€€asked€the€homeowner€to€turn€off€the€breaker€toÌà àà àthe€furnace€while€I€retrieved€some€additional€tools.€€AsÌà àà àI€€came€€back€through€the€mobile€home€with€the€tools€I€Ìà àà àpersonally€€examined€€the€€mobile€homeððs€main€breaker€Ìà àà àbox€€to€€make€€sure€€that€€the€homeowner€had€correctly€Ìà àà àdisconnected€the€breakers€labeled€ð ðheat.ððÌÌà àà àI€€then€€proceeded€€to€remove€the€electrical€connectionsÌà àà àfrom€€the€€furnace€blower€and€then€removed€the€€blowerÌà àà àunit€€itself.€€€Then€€I€€reached€€around€€the€€furnace€€heatÌà àà àelement€€with€€my€€right€€hand€€to€inspect€the€loose€duct€Ìà àà àplenum.€€My€€right€arm€contacted€the€heater€element€ofÌà àà àthe€€electric€€furnace€€and€€I€€received€a€severe€electrical€Ìà àà àshock.€€€I€€could€€not€break€free€from€the€contact€which€Ìà àà àresulted€€in€€paralysis,€€immobilization,€€and€€my€€loss€of€Ìà àà àconsciousness.ÌÌà àà àAll€€electrical€connections€€to€€the€blower€unit€had€been€Ìà àà àremoved€€and€€were€€not€near€the€duct€work€nor€heaterÌà àà àelement€€so€€that€whether€or€not€this€breaker€was€on€orÌà àà àoff€€could€€not€€have€caused€any€electrical€power€to€theÌà àà àfurnace€heating€element.ÌÌà àà àThe€€only€€explanation€€for€€any€€electrical€power€being€Ìà àà àon€€the€€heating€€element€€was€(a)€the€circuit€breaker€inÌà àà àthe€€mobile€€homeððs€€main€€circuit€€box€was€mislabeled,€Ìà àà àor€(2)€€there€€was€other€faulty€wiring€within€the€mobileÌà àà àhome€€which€€allowed€€electrical€€power€€to€be€€on€€the€Ìà àà àheating€€element€€even€when€the€electrical€€circuit€€thatÌà àà àwas€€€supposed€€€to€€power€€€the€€€unit€€had€€€its€€circuit€ÌÓÓà àà àbreaker€in€the€ð ðoffðð€position.ÌÌà àOn€December€5,€1995,€the€Trial€Judge€entered€summary€judgment€forÏboth€defendants.ÌÌà àAppellant€presents€four€issues€on€appeal,€all€of€which€depend€uponÏthe€basic€issue€of€whether,€under€the€evidence€in€the€record,€theÏdefendants€are€entitled€to€judgment€as€a€matter€of€law.ÌÌà àMeadows€Homes,€Inc.,€insists€that€it€is€entitled€to€dismissal€becauseÍof€the€exculpatory€clause€of€Exhibit€A,€which€is€not€in€the€record.€€TheÏaffidavit€of€Mr.€Meadows€is€not€competent€evidence€of€the€writtenÏcontract.€€T.R.E.€Rules€802,€1002;€T.R.C.P.€Rule€56.05.ÌÌà àMeadows€Homes,€Inc.,€also€asserts€that€the€affidavit€of€plaintiffÏshould€not€be€considered€because€it€was€not€timely€filed.€€It€was€filed€onÏNovember€21,€1995,€prior€to€the€summary€judgment€which€was€entered€onÏDecember€5,€1995,€following€a€hearing€on€December€1,€1995.€€The€affidavitÏwas€timely€for€consideration€by€the€Trial€Court€and€this€œCourt.€Rule€4,ÏRules€of€this€Court.›ÌÌà àMeadows€Homes€œalso€asserts›€that€plaintiff€failed€to€adequatelyÏcontradict€the€evidence€submitted€by€œdefendants.€€Plaintiffððs€affidavitÏdoes€not€contradict€defendantsðð€evidence€of€plaintiffððs€admission€that€heÏrelied€on€the€homeowner€to€de„energize€the€furnace;€but€it€does€assertÏthat€plaintiff€verified€that€the€ð ðbreakers€were€off.ðð€€This€is€a€denial€ofÏthe€fact€allegedly€admitted€by€him.€€He€did€not€deny€that€the€furnace€couldÏhave€been€de„energized€by€breakers€at€the€furnace,€but€there€is€noÍevidence€that€plaintiff€knew€or€should€have€known€of€the€furnace€breakers.€ÏOther€evidence€submitted€by€defendants€is€not€conclusive€of€theirÏliability.ÌÌà àPlaintiffððs€affidavit€asserts€that€the€only€possible€causes€of€hisÏinjury€were€mislabeling€of€breakers€or€faulty€electrical€connections,Ïwhereby€the€breakers€did€not€de„energize€the€furnace.€€DefendantsððÏevidence€does€not€conclusively€disprove€this€statement€of€plaintiff.›ÌÌà àHomes€of€Legend,€Inc.,€insists€that€plaintiff€failed€to€properlyÏrespond€to€the€evidence€submitted€by€defendants€as€required€by€òòByrd€v.ÏHallóó,€Tenn.€1993,€847€S.W.2d€208.€However,€this€defendant€does€not€explainÏhow€the€affidavits€submitted€by€its€co„defendant€established€facts€whichÏwere€conclusive€as€to€the€liability€of€œdefendants.€€Apparently,€defendantsÏconceive€that€the€fact€that€the€furnace€was€successfully€repaired€byÏanother€worker€after€other€breakers€were€opened€is€conclusive€of€theirÏliability,€but€such€is€not€the€case.€€There€is€no€evidence€that€the€secondÏworker€was€not€shocked;€but,€assuming€that€he€was€not€shocked,€there€isÍno€evidence€that€he€touched€the€heater€which€shocked€the€plaintiff.ÌÌà àThe€glaring€deficiency€in€defendantsðð€evidence€is€the€failure€of€Mr.ÏHolland€to€perform€or€have€performed€tests€which€would€indicate€whetherÏthe€heater€was€dangerously€charged€and€if€so,€which€breakers€effectivelyÏremoved€the€charge.€€So€far€as€this€record€shows,€the€heater€whichÏshocked€Mr.€Dickman€may€shock€the€next€person€who€touches€it.›ÌÌà àThe€evidence€presents€an€incomplete€and€unsatisfactory€picture€ofÏthe€real€cause€of€plaintiffððs€injury.€€There€is€not€an€iota€of€expertÏtestimony€regarding€the€nature€of€electricity€and€its€control.€€TheÏcomplaint€alleges€fault€in€the€furnace€or€its€connections.€€There€is€noÏevidence€that€the€furnace€and€its€connections€were€properly€assembled,Ïlabeled€and€safe;€except€that,€after€the€accident,€it€was€repaired€œand›Ïoperated€normally.€€There€is€œno€positive›€evidence€that€the€heater€was€de„energized€when€the€second€worker€finished€the€repair.€€On€the€other€hand,Ïthere€is€evidence€€that€plaintiff€undertook€to€perform€a€repair€of€œtheÏfurnace,›€that€he€undertook€to€de„energize€it,€but€that€it€remainedÍenergized.€ÌœÌà àA€motion€for€summary€judgment€presents€a€question€of€law€which€isÏreviewable€de€novo€upon€appeal.€€òòUnion€Carbide€Corp.€v.€Huddlestonóó,€Tenn.Ï1993,€854€S.W.2d€87.ÌÌà àSummary€judgment€is€appropriate€only€when€there€is€no€genuineÏissue€of€material€facts€and€where€such€facts€entitle€the€movant€toÏjudgment€as€a€matter€of€law.€€T.R.C.P.€Rule€56.03;€òòByrd€v.€Hallóó,€Tenn.€1993,Ï847€S.W.2d€208;€òòAnderson€v.€Standard€Register€Coóó.,€Tenn.€1993,€857€S.W.2dÏ555.ÌÌà àIn€ruling€upon€motions€for€summary€judgment,€the€courts€must€viewÏthe€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€non„moving€party€and€drawÏall€reasonable€inferences€therefrom€in€favor€of€the€opponent€of€theÏmotion.€€òòByrd€v.€Hall,€Supra.ÌÌà àóóSummary€judgment€is€appropriate€only€when€the€facts€andÍinferences€therefrom€are€such€as€to€permit€a€reasonable€person€to€reachÏonly€one€conclusion.€€òòBrookings€v.€The€Round€Tableóó,€Inc.,€Tenn.€1991,€624ÏS.W.2d€547.Ì›Ìà àThe€material€allegations€of€the€complaint€have€not€been€sufficientlyÏrefuted€by€the€defendantsðð€relevant€and€competent€evidence€to€justifyÏsummary€judgment€in€their€favor.ÌÌà àThe€judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€is€reversed€and€vacated,€and€theÏcause€is€remanded€to€the€Trial€Court€for€further€proceedings.€€Costs€ofÏthis€appeal€are€taxed€against€the€defendants,€jointly€and€severally.Ìò òÓ  Óà àœREVERSED,€VACATED›€AND€REMANDED.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à___________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àHENRY€F.€TODDà àÌà àà àà àà àà àPRESIDING€JUDGE,€MIDDLE€SECTIONÌÓÓÌœCONCUR:›ÌÓÓÌœ_______________________________›ÌÓÓÓÓBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEÌÌ̜Ԁ"ÔCONCURS€IN€SEPARATE€OPINION›ÌWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÔ€"ÔÌÓÓÔ€Ô