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B».˜HP LaserJet 4 PlusHPPCL5MS,ð,,,,,ð0nLhÒ<à09Z 0Courier (W1) RegularX(—;d$¡¡Ô€X|XXXÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑTRY(3Ø' LetterY(3Ø' Letter3Ø' Letter3Ø' LetterTÑ /01E23D4D568+9Ó€f|œ$urier 3|xD(³(3mµ$¤¤Ý ƒ;d!ÝÔ€Xh\XXXÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑTRY3Ø' Letter3Ø'3Ø' Letterÿ3Ø'TÑÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó tuvwxyz#,37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)(;s˜$´´Ô2,ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ....'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò d,,,,7Border 1dd€-/Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial ‰Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÔ€1ÔÔ€1ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€1XÔÌÌò òMay€19,€1998ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€1ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòTravelers€Insurance€Company,€the€Worker's€Compensation€carrier€forÏBurroughs€was€allowed€to€intervene,€however,€there€is€no€issue€relating€toÏTravelers€on€this€appeal.€€(Reliance€Insurance€Company€was€subsequentlyÏsubstituted€in€place€of€Travelers.)óóÌ ŒÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòA€third€party€complaint€by€Kenco€against€Morgan€and€Burroughs€wasÏdismissed€as€being€moot€after€the€dismissal€of€Kenco.óóÌ øÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòIt€should€be€noted€that€as€hereinbefore€stated,€we€must€take€all€theÏwell„pleaded,€material€factual€allegations€as€true,€and€we€must€construe€theÏcomplaint€liberally€in€the€plaintiff's€favor.€€We€are€not€at€liberty,€however,Ïto€accept€as€true€conclusory›€allegations€such€as€the€following:óóÌÌà8 àòòà àThat€at€all€times€relative€hereto,€the€duly€(sic)€[duty]€ofÏsafety€instruction,€direction€and€supervision€on€the€aforemen…tioned€job€site€was€that€of€the€Defendant€Local€704,€or€alterna…tively,€the€Defendant€Chattanooga€Ironworkers€œJAC›.€€That€saidÏLocal€704€and€Chattanooga€Ironworkers€œJAC›€breached€said€duties,Ïwhich€constituted€negligence€and€proximately€caused€the€Plain…tiff's€decedent's€fall€and€subsequent€death.óóÌ "Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòThe€deposition€of€Mr.€Tanner€has€been€submitted€to€this€court€inÏcondensed€form,€i.e.€four€pages€of€the€deposition€have€been€reduced€to€fit€onÏone€letter€sized€page,€a€practice€which€we€find€to€be€undesirable.€€òòSeeóó€RuleÏ30,€Tennessee€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure.óóÌ ©Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòWamp's€motion€to€dismiss€was€treated€by€the€court€as€a€motion€forÏsummary€judgment€since€matters€outside€the€pleadings€were€considered€by€theÏcourt.óóÌPtPtHHØ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò(OÞ{$µµà0  àÔ2,ÔÚ  ÚaÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#à(b²D$¶¶à0  àà0` (#(#àÔ2,ÔÚ  ÚÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#à(xÓñ$··à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àÔ2,Ô(Ú  Ú0Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0¸ (#¸ (#à(ŒÆ‚$¸¸à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àÔ2,Ô(Ú  ÚaÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0h(#(#à(Ÿù…$¹¹à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àÔ2,Ô(Ú  ÚÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0Àh(#h(#à(³¶4$ººà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àÔ2,ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0À(#À(#à(Ǫ»$»»à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àÔ2,ÔÚ  ÚaÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0p(#(#à€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€+ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÑ  ÑÑ ¸ ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€h\XXdÈdÈ7ÑÙ€€ÙßR€02/A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌ€€€à@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALSÌà@ àAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌÌÌÌÌLARRY€DEMPSEY€and€wife,€LISA€€€€)à àHAMILTON€CIRCUITÌDEMPSEY,€Co„Administrators€of€€€)€€C.€A.€NO.€03A01„9709„CV„00436Ìthe€Estate€of€Larry€Jason€€€€€€€)€ÌDempsey,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€Plaintiffs„Appellants€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ìvs.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àHON.€SAMUEL€H.€PAYNEÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àJUDGEÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)ÌINTERNATIONAL€ASSOCIATION€OF€€€€)à àAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDÌBRIDGE,€STRUCTURAL€AND€ORNAMEN„€)ÌœTAL›€IRONWORKERS,€LARRY€G.€DAVIS,)Ìindividually€and€as€agent€and€€€)Ìemployee€of€the€International€€€)ÌAssociation€of€BRIDGE,€€€€€€€€€€)ÌStructural€and€Ornamental€€€€€€€)ÌIronworkers,€KIRBY€BUILDING€€€€€)ÌSYSTEMS,€INC.,€FREELAND€HARRIS,€)Ìd/b/a€Freeland€Harris€Consulting)ÌEngineer€and€DONALD€LOUIS€WAMP,€)Ìd/b/a€The€Wamp€Alliance,€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€Defendants„Appellees€€)ÌÌÌÌÌÌL.€HALE€HAMILTON,€Spears,€Moore,€œRebman›€&€Williams,€Chattanooga,Ïfor€Appellants.ÌÌDANIEL€J.€RIPPER€and€GERARD€M.€œSICILIANO›,€Luther€„€Anderson,€œPLLP›,ÏChattanooga€and€LYNN€AGEE€and€LEE€ANDERSON,€Agee€&€Allen,ÏChattanooga,€for€BRIDGE,€Structural€and€Ornamental€Ironworkers,ÏLocal€704,€Chattanooga€Ironworkers€Joint€Apprentice€Committee€andÏLarry€G.€Davis,€individually€and€as€an€agent€and€employee€of€theÏUnion€the€Joint€Apprentice€Committee.ÌÌDONALD€LOUIS€WAMP,€SR.,€Pro€Se.ÌÌÌÌÌÓÓà@ àòòO€P€I€N€I€O€NóóÌÌà€ àMcMurray,€J.ÌÌà àThis€is€a€wrongful€death€action.€€The€plaintiffs€chargeÏgenerally€that€the€defendants€failed€to€provide€a€safe€place€forÏthe€decedent€to€work€or€were€negligent€or€breached€a€contract€withÏthe€deceased€in€failing€to€train€or€supervise€him€œwhile€he€was›Ïattempting€to€do€the€work€he€was€assigned.€€The€trial€court€grant…ed€summary€œjudgments€or€motions€to€dismiss›€in€favor€of€all€theÍdefendants.€€This€appeal€resulted.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€theÏtrial€court.ÌÌà@ àò òFACTSó óÌÌà àKenco€Group,€Inc.,€(Kenco),€at€the€time€of€the€accident€inÏquestion€was€the€owner€of€a€parcel€of€land€upon€which€a€buildingÏwas€to€be€constructed.€€Kenco€contracted€with€Morgan€Construction€ÏCompany€(Morgan)€to€construct€a€warehouse€building€on€its€proper…ty.€€Morgan€entered€into€a€subcontract€with€Burroughs€Metal€Build…ings,€Inc.,€(Burroughs),€the€deceased's€employer,€for€installationÏof€the€roof€on€the€building.× ƒ3 ××  ×ÌÌà àœBurroughs›€sought€to€obtain€employees€to€work€on€the€KencoÏProject€from€œLocal›€704€of€the€BRIDGE,€Structural€and€OrnamentalÏIronworkers€Union€(Union).€€The€Union€and€its€employees,€agentsÏand€organizations€will€be€referred€to€collectively€as€the€"UnionÍdefendants."€€Under€the€applicable€Union€contract,€if€the€UnionÏcould€not€timely€provide€workers,€the€employer€was€allowed€toÏdirectly€œemploy›€workers€without€Union€intervention.€€The€Union€wasÏunable€to€supply€workers€for€Burroughs.€€Burroughs€hired€theÏdeceased,€Larry€Dempsey,€and€advised€him€to€go€to€the€Union€schoolÏand€fill€out€the€necessary€documents€to€apply€for€the€union€ap…prenticeship€program.€€The€deceased€eventually€went€to€the€œschoolÏand›€obtained€the€necessary€application€documents,€however,€he€didÏnot€return€all€the€documents€to€the€Union.ÌÌà àWhile€working€on€the€Kenco€project,€the€deceased€fell€approx…imately€35€feet€from€the€roof€onto€the€floor€of€the€building.€€HeÏdied€from€the€injuries€sustained€in€the€fall.€€At€the€time€of€hisÏinjury€and€death,€the€deceased€had€not€been€accepted€into€theÏapprentice€program€and€had€never€attended€the€Union's€apprenƒticeship€program.ÌÌà àThe€defendant,€Donald€Louis€Wamp,€d/b/a€The€Wamp€AllianceÏ(Wamp)€was€employed€to€do€the€architectural€drawings€for€theÍbuilding.€€There€was€no€express€contract€by€which€Wamp€was€re…quired€to€perform€any€other€duties.ÌÌà àThe€defendant,€Larry€G.€Davis,€(Davis)€was€sued€in€his€indi…vidual€capacity€and€as€an€agent€and€employee€of€the€Union.€€Addi…tionally,€the€plaintiffs€sought,€by€amendment,€to€make€Steve€King,Ïindividually€and€as€an€agent€of€the€Union,€a€defendant€in€thisÏaction.€€Mr.€King€was€allegedly€an€agent€of€the€Union's€JointÏApprenticeship€Committee€of€Local€704.€€The€court€denied€theÏmotion€to€amend.ÌÌà àThe€defendant,€Freeland€Harris,€d/b/a€Freeland€Harris€Con…sulting€Engineer€was€voluntarily€dismissed€by€the€plaintiffs.€€AllÏother€parties€moved€either€for€summary€judgment€pursuant€to€RuleÏ56,€or€to€dismiss€pursuant€to€Rule€12,€Tennessee€Rules€of€CivilÏProcedure.€€Pursuant€to€the€motions,€summary€judgments€were€grant…ed€in€favor€of€all€defendants€except€the€Union€defendants.€€TheÏcomplaint€as€to€the€Union€defendants€was€dismissed€pursuant€toÍRule€12,€Tennessee€Rules€of€Civil€Procedure.× ƒ4 ××  ×€€Plaintiffs€chargeÏthat€the€action€of€the€court€in€disallowing€the€King€amendment€andÏin€dismissing€the€case€was€reversible€error.€€Specifically,€theÏplaintiffs€present€the€following€issues€for€our€review:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà0 àà àI.à àDid€the€trial€court€err€in€granting€summary€judg…ment€for€defendants€Local€704€of€InternationalÏBrotherhood€of€BRIDGE,€Structural€and€OrnamentalÏIronworkers;€Larry€Davis,€individually€and€as€agentÏof€Local€704€of€the€International€Joint€apprenƒticeship€committee,€Brotherhood€of€BRIDGE,€Strucƒtural€and€Ornamental€Ironworkers€and€in€denyingÏplaintiffs'€motion€to€amend€the€complaint€to€addÏSteve€King€as€a€defendant?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àII.à àDid€the€trial€court€err€in€granting€summary€judg…ment€to€the€owner€of€the€land€and€building,€KencoÏGroup,€Inc.,€on€which€the€decedent€was€working€whenÏhe€fell€to€his€death?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àIII.à àDid€the€trial€court€err€in€granting€summary€judg…ment€to€Kirby€Building€Systems,€Inc.,€the€manuƒfacturer€of€the€structural€steel€building€beingÏconstructed€by€the€deceased€and€others,€on€whichÏthe€deceased€and€others,€were€working€at€the€of€hisÏœdeath?›ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àIV.à àDid€the€trial€court€err€in€granting€summary€judg…ment€(motion€to€dismiss)€to€the€defendant€DonaldÍLouis€Wamp,€d/b/a€the€Wamp€Alliance,€the€namedÏarchitect€on€the€project€(Kenco€Building)?ÌÌÓÓÔ&  Ôà@ àò òSTANDARD€OF€REVIEWó óÌÌà àà àThe€standards€governing€a€review€of€a€trial€court'sÏgrant€of€summary€judgment€are€well„settled:Ô'  ÔÌÓÓÌà8 àà àTenn.R.Civ.P.€56.03€provides€that€summary€judgmentÏis€only€appropriate€where:€(1)€there€is€no€genuine€issueÏwith€regard€to€the€material€facts€relevant€to€the€claimÏor€defense€contained€in€the€motion,€òòByrd€v.€Hallóó,€847ÏS.W.2d€208,€210€(Tenn.€1993);€and€(2)€the€moving€partyÏis€entitled€to€a€judgment€as€a€matter€of€law€on€theÏundisputed€facts.€€òòAnderson€v.€Standard€Register€Co.óó,Ï857€S.W.2d€555,€559€(Tenn.€1993).€€The€moving€party€hasÏthe€burden€of€proving€that€its€motion€satisfies€theseÏrequirements.€€òòœDownen›€v.€Allstate€œIns›.€Co.óó,€811€S.W.2dÏ523,€524€(Tenn.€1991).ÌÌà8 àà àThe€standards€governing€the€assessment€of€evidenceÏin€the€summary€judgment€context€are€also€well€estab…lished.€€Courts€must€view€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€nonmoving€party€and€must€also€draw€allÏreasonable€inferences€in€the€nonmoving€party's€favor.ÏòòByrdóó,€847€S.W.2d€at€210„11.€€Courts€should€grant€aÏsummary€judgment€only€when€both€the€facts€and€the€con…clusions€to€be€drawn€from€the€facts€permit€a€reasonableÏperson€to€reach€only€one€conclusion.€€òòId.óóÌÌÓÓòòCarvell€v.€Bottomsóó,€900€S.W.2d€23,€26€(Tenn.€1995).ÌÌà àThe€œstandards€of€review€for€a€trial€court's€action€on€aÏmotion€to€dismiss›€are€likewise€well„settled.€€When€considering€aÏRule€12€motion€to€dismiss,€we€are€required€to€accept€the€allega…tions€of€the€complaint€as€true.€òòœGreenhill›€v.€Carpenteróó,€718€S.W.2dÏ268€(Tenn.€1986).€Our€scope€of€review€is€òòde€novoóó€with€no€presump…tion€of€correctness.€òòMontgomery€v.€Mayor€of€the€City€of€Covingtonóó,Ï778€S.W.2d€444€(Tenn.€App.€1988).ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àThe€sole€purpose€of€a€Tenn.€R.€œCiv›.€P.€12.02(6)Ïmotion€to€dismiss€is€to€test€the€legal€sufficiency€ofÏthe€complaint.€òòSanders€v.€Vinsonóó,€558€S.W.2d€838,€840Ï(Tenn.€1977);€òòœHolloway›€v.€œPutnam›€Countyóó,€534€S.W.2d€292,Ï296€(Tenn.€1976).€These€motions€are€not€favored,€òòseeóóÏòòMoore€v.€Bellóó,€187€Tenn.€366,€369,€215€S.W.2d€787,€789Ï(1948),€and€are€now€rarely€granted€in€light€of€theÏliberal€pleading€standards€in€the€Tennessee€Rules€ofÏCivil€Procedure.€€òòSeeóó€òòœBarish›€v.€Metropolitan€œGov't›óó,€627ÏS.W.2d€953,€954€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1981);€œ5A›€Charles€A.ÏWright€&€Arthur€R.€Miller,€Federal€Practice€&€ProcedureÏðððð€1356€&€1357€(œ2d›€ed.€1990)€("Wright€&€Miller").ÌÌ€Ìà8 àà àTenn.€R.€œCiv›.€P.€12.02(6)€motions€are€not€designedÏto€correct€œinartfully›€worded€pleadings.€Wright€&€MillerÏðð€1356,€at€296.€And€so€a€complaint€should€not€be€dis…missed,€no€matter€how€poorly€drafted,€if€it€states€aÏcause€of€action.€òòœPaschall›'s,€Inc.€v.€Dozieróó,€219€Tenn.Ï45,€50„51,€407€S.W.2d€150,€152€(1966);€òòCollier€v.ÏœSlayden›€Bros.€Ltd.€Partnershipóó,€712€S.W.2d€106,€108Ï(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1985).€Dismissal€under€Tenn.€R.€œCiv›.€P.Ï12.02(6)€is€warranted€only€when€no€set€of€facts€willÍentitle€the€plaintiff€to€relief,€òòœPemberton›€v.€AmericanÏDistilled€Spirits€Coóó.,€664€S.W.2d€690,€691€(Tenn.€1984),Ïor€when€the€complaint€is€totally€lacking€in€clarity€andÏspecificity.€òòSmith€v.€Lincoln€Brass€Works,€Incóó.,€712ÏS.W.2d€470,€471€(Tenn.€1986).ÌÌà8 àà àWhile€it€is€not€our€role€to€create€claims€whereÏnone€exist,€òòDonaldson€v.€Donaldsonóó,€557€S.W.2d€60,€62Ï(Tenn.€1977),€we€must€always€look€to€the€substance€of€aÏpleading€rather€than€to€its€form.€òòœUsrey›€v.€Lewisóó,€553ÏS.W.2d€612,€614€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1977).€Thus,€when€aÏcomplaint€is€tested€by€a€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€P.€12.02(6)Ïmotion€to€dismiss,€we€must€take€all€the€well„pleaded,Ïmaterial€factual€allegations€as€true,€and€we€must€con…strue€the€complaint€liberally€in€the€plaintiff's€favor.ÏòòLewis€v.€Allenóó,€698€S.W.2d€58,€59€(Tenn.€1985);€òòœHolloway›Ïv.€œPutnam›€Countyóó,€534€S.W.2d€at€296;€òòLilly€v.€Smithóó,€790ÏS.W.2d€539,€540€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1990).ÌÌòòDobbs€v.€œGuenther›óó,€846€S.W.2d€270€(Tenn.€App.€1992).ÌÌÓÓÌà0 àà àà@ àÔ&  Ôò òTHE€UNION€DEFENDANTSó óÌÌà àThe€plaintiffs€have€made€a€multiplicity€of€allegationsÏagainstÔ'  Ô€the€Union€defendants.€€In€sum€and€substance,€however,€theÏallegations€can€be€summarized€as€charging€the€Union€defendants€inƒdividually€or€collectively€with€failing€to€provide€the€decedentÏwith€a€safe€place€to€work€or€negligent€breach€of€a€collectiveÏbargaining€agreement€(contract)€in€failing€to€properly€train€orÍotherwise€prevent€the€decedent€from€undertaking€duties€for€whichÏhe€was€not€qualified.€€Our€inquiry€is€whether€the€Union€defendantsÏwere€under€any€duty€to€provide€a€safe€place€or€insure€that€a€safeÏplace€was€provided€for€the€deceased€to€work.€€After€our€examina…tion€of€the€relevant€authorities,€we€are€of€the€opinion€that€theÏUnion€defendants€were€under€no€such€duty€under€the€circumstancesÏof€this€case.€€As€noted€by€the€appellants,€the€Union€defendantsÏrely€upon€òòThompson€v.€Superior€Fireplace€Co.óó,€931€F.2d€372€(œ6th›ÏCircuit,€1991).€€Appellants€insist€that€the€case€under€consider…ation€is€distinguishable€from€òòThompsonóó,€however,€the€appellantsÏhave€alleged€no€facts€in€the€complaint€which,€in€our€opinion,Ïwould€exclude€this€case€from€the€operation€of€the€rules€enunciatedÏin€òòThompsonóó.€€Further,€the€appellants€do€not€cite€any€authority€toÏdemonstrate€that€òòThompsonóó€is€inapplicable€in€this€case.ÌÌà àIn€òòThompsonóó,€the€plaintiff€was€injured€while€working€on€aÏhydraulic€press€brake€at€the€Superior€Fireplace€Company€in€UnionÏCity,€Tennessee.€€Among€others,€the€defendant€sued€the€Sheet€MetalÏWorkers€International€Association,€AFL„CIO,€No.€4.€€The€Union,€inÏòòThompsonóó,€filed€a€motion€for€summary€judgment.€€The€plaintiffÍargued€that€the€œUnion's›€summary€judgment€motion€should€not€haveÏbeen€granted€because€the€Union€had€both€a€common€law€and€contrac…tual€duty€to€provide€the€plaintiff€with€a€safe€working€environ…ment.€€The€District€Court€found€that,€under€Tennessee€Law,€"theÏduty€to€furnish€an€employee€a€reasonable€safe€place€to€work€is€theÏduty€of€the€employer,€and€that€the€duty€is€'personal,€continuous,Ïand€non„delegable.'"€€Citing€òòHamilton€v.€Beanóó,€745€F.2d€1034€(œ6th›ÏCir.€1984)€and€òòœOverstreet›€v.€Normanóó,€œ314›€S.W.2d€47€(Tenn.€App.Ï1957).€€òòThompsonóó,€in€due€course€made€its€way€to€the€Sixth€CircuitÏCourt€of€Appeals.€€The€Sixth€œCircuit›€cited€òòœIBEW›,€AFL„CIO€v.ÏœHechler›óó,€481€U.S.€851€(1987)€and€quoted€therefrom€as€follows:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àUnder€the€common€law€...€it€is€the€employer,€not€aÏlabor€union€that€owes€employees€a€duty€to€exerciseÏreasonable€care€in€providing€a€safe€workplace.ÌÌà@ à*€€€€€*€€€€€*€€€€€*ÌÌà8 àà àAnother€party,€such€as€a€labor€union,€of€course,Ïmay€assume€a€responsibility€towards€employees€by€accept…ing€a€duty€of€care€through€a€contractual€arrangement.ÌÌà@ à*€€€€€*€€€€€*€€€€€*ÌÌà8 àà àRespondent's€allegations€of€negligence€assumeÏsignificance€if€ð"ð€and€only€if€ð"ð€the€Union,€in€fact,€hadÍassumed€the€duty€of€care€that€the€complaint€alleges€theÏUnion€breached.ÌÌòòHechleróó,€481€U.S.€at€œ359„61.›ÌÌÓÓÌà àòòThompsonóó€further€stated,€citing€various€authorities€omittedÏhere,€that€"[œi]f›€an€employee€claims€that€a€union€owes€him€a€moreÏfar„reaching€duty,€òòhe€must€be€able€to€point€to€language€in€aÏcollective€bargaining€agreement€specifically€indicating€an€intentÏto€create€obligations€enforceable€against€the€union€by€the€indi…vidual€employees.óó"€(Emphasis€ours.)€€In€this€case€the€plaintiffsÏneither€alleged€nor€demonstrated€that€such€a€provision€existed€inÏthe€collective€bargaining€agreement€material€to€this€case.œ× ƒ5 ××  ×›ÌÌà àWe€concur€with€the€action€of€the€trial€court€in€granting€theÏsummary€judgment€in€favor€of€the€Union€defendants.€€Since€the€sameÏdisposition€would€have€resulted€had€the€plaintiffs€been€allowed€toÏamend€their€complaint€to€name€Steve€King€as€a€defendant,€we€findÏno€error€in€the€court's€action€in€denying€the€amendment.ÌÌà@ àò òKENCO€GROUP,€INC.ó óÌÌà àAs€hereinbefore€noted,€Kenco€Group,€Inc.,€is€the€owner€of€theÏparcel€of€land€upon€which€the€warehouse€building€was€being€con…structed.€€Kenco€contracted€with€Morgan€whereby€Morgan€was€toÏconstruct€the€building.€€The€basic€issue€here€is€whether€Kenco€canÏbe€held€liable€for€injuries€to€the€employees€of€Morgan,€the€con…tractor.€€The€general€rule€is€stated€in€òòJohnson€v.€œEmpe›,€Inc.,€etÏal.óó,€837€S.W.2d€62€(Tenn.€App.€1992):ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àAn€owner€of€premises€who€employs€a€contractor€toÏperform€work€on€the€property,€but€who€remains€in€controlÏof€the€premises€where€the€work€is€being€done,€owes€toÏthe€employees€of€the€contractor€a€duty€to€exerciseÏordinary€care€in€the€management€of€the€premises€in€orderÏto€avoid€exposing€the€employees€to€an€unreasonable€riskÏof€harm.Ì€Ìà8 àà àIf,€however,€the€contractor€had€complete€control€ofÏthe€premises€where€the€accident€occurred€and€the€ownerÏhad€retained€no€control€of€that€part€of€the€premisesÏexcept€to€the€extent€of€determining€if€the€work€wasÏbeing€performed€according€to€the€contract,€then€theÏowner€owes€no€duty€of€care€to€the€employees€of€theÏcontractor.€ÌÌà8 àà àThe€rule€may€be€more€concisely€stated.€The€lawÏplaces€the€duty€upon€the€person€in€control€of€premisesÏto€exercise€reasonable€and€ordinary€care,€under€theÏcircumstances,€not€to€cause€injury€to€one€lawfully€uponÏthe€premises.€òòSeeóó€òòRuth€v.€Ruthóó,€372€S.W.2d€285,€(Tenn.Ï1963).ÌÌòòJohnson€v.€œEmpe›óó,€837€S.W.2d€62,€65.ÌÌÓÓÌà àIn€this€case,€the€record€clearly€reflects€that€Morgan,€theÏcontractor€was€in€control€of€the€premises.€€Kenco€did€not€remainÏin€control€of€the€premises€where€the€work€is€being€done€in€aÏmanner€sufficient€to€impose€liability€on€the€theory€of€control.ÌÌà àòòJohnson€v.€œEmpe›óó,€supra,€œdoes›€not€address€the€issue€of€circum…stances€involving€hazardous€or€dangerous€activities€or€whether,Ïunder€circumstances€where€hazardous€or€dangerous€activities€areÏbeing€conducted,€the€duty€of€the€landowner€was€delegable.€€InÏòòCooper€v.€Metropolitan€Government,€etc.óó,€628€S.W.2d€30€(Tenn.€App.Í1981),€Judge€œCantrell›€in€an€excellent€and€scholarly€opinion€clear…ly€enunciated€the€rule€applicable€here.€€We€take€the€liberty€ofÏquoting€at€some€length€from€the€opinion:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àAssuming€that€work€involved€in€this€case€was€inher…ently€dangerous€and€conceding€that€an€employer€may€notÏcontract€away€his€liability€to€the€òògeneral€publicóó€forÏharm€caused€in€the€performance€of€that€activity,€aÏquestion€remains€as€to€whether€that€liability€extends€toÏòòemployees€of€the€contractoróó.€(Emphasis€in€original.)€ÏSome€courts€have€held€an€employer€liable€to€the€employeeÏof€a€contractor€for€injuries€arising€in€the€performanceÏof€inherently€dangerous€work.€òòSchultz€&€Lindsey€œConstr›.ÏCo.€v.€Erick‚sonóó,€352€F.2d€425€(œ8th›€Cir.€1965);€òòChicagoÏEconomic€Fuel€Gas€Co.€v.€Myersóó,€168€Ill.€139,€48€œN.E.›€66Ï(1897);€òòœMallory›€v.€Louisiana€Pure€Ice€&€Supply€Co.óó,€320ÏMo.€95,€6€S.W.2d€617€(1928).€Other€courts€have€made€aÏdistinction€between€the€public€at€large€and€the€employ…ees€of€the€contractor.€In€those€states€the€employer'sÏliability€is€only€to€members€of€the€general€public€andÏdoes€not€extend€to€employees€of€the€contractor.€òòœCorban›Ïv.€œSkelly›€Oil€Co.óó,€256€F.2d€775€(œ5th›€Cir.€1958);€òòœHurst›Ïv.€Gulf€Oil€Corp.óó,€251€F.2d€836€(œ5th›€Cir.),€cert€denied,Ï358€U.S.€827,€79€œS.Ct›.€44,€3€œL.Ed›.2d€66€(1958);€òòœWelker›Ïv.€œKennecott›€Copper€Co.óó,€1€œAriz.App›.€395,€403€P.2d€330Ï(1965);€òòœEpperly›€v.€Seattleóó,€65€Wash.2d€777,€399€P.2d€591Ï(1965).Ì€Ìà8 àà àThis€question€apparently€has€not€been€decidedÏdirectly€in€Tennessee€although€authority€for€the€latterÏposition€can€be€found€in€the€case€of€òòJones€v.€City€ofÏœDyersburg›óó,€59€Tenn.€App.€354,€440€S.W.2d€809€(1967).€InÏthat€case€an€employee€of€a€subcontractor€was€injuredÏwhile€working€on€power€lines€owned€by€the€City€ofÏœDyersburg›.€In€that€case€the€allegations€against€the€CityÍwere€that€it€had€not€provided€the€workman€a€safe€placeÏin€which€to€work€and€not€that€it€had€a€duty€to€theÏworkman€of€the€subcontractor€based€on€the€inherentlyÏdangerous€nature€of€the€work.€However,€the€Court€ofÏAppeals€in€reversing€a€judgment€for€the€workman€againstÏthe€City€said:ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àWe€hold€that€the€City€of€œDyersburg›€was€notÏobligated€under€its€contract€nor€under€its€nondele…gable€duty€as€a€supplier€of€electricity€to€super…vise€the€performance€of€the€contract€by€œSafeco›€andÏits€employees€so€as€to€prevent€the€employees€beingÏinjured€by€their€own€negligence.€It€would€have€beenÏimpractical€and€would€have€in€effect€negatived€theÏvery€contract€which€it€awarded€œBrayton›€for€the€CityÏof€œDyersburg›€to€have€been€required€to€furnish€menÏto€supervise€all€of€the€phases€of€the€electricalÏwork€being€done€by€the€subcontractor€œSafeco›€so€asÏto€prevent€œSafeco›'s€employees€from€injuring€them…selves.Ì€Ìà8 à59€Tenn.€App.€at€392„93,€440€S.W.2d€at€826.ÌÌà8 àà àWe€think€this€is€authority€for€the€rule€of€œnonƒliability›€of€an€employer€to€employees€of€a€contractorÏeven€though€the€contract€involves€work€that€is€inherent…ly€or€intrinsically€dangerous.€We€also€think€this€is€theÏpreferable€rule.€Otherwise,€an€employer€having€work€toÏbe€performed€of€an€inherently€dangerous€nature€andÏwishing€to€employ€a€contractor€skilled€in€the€perfor…mance€of€such€work€in€order€to€minimize€the€danger€toÏthe€public€at€large€would€nevertheless€be€liable€to€theÏemployees€of€the€contractor€for€the€contractor's€negli…gence.€A€homeowner€would€be€liable€to€the€employees€ofÏan€electrical€contractor€for€failure€to€inspect€theÏequipment€of€the€contractor€to€make€sure€that€it€wasÏsafe.ÌÌòòCooper€v.€Metropolitan€Government,€etc.óó,€628€S.W.2d€30,€32„33.ÌÌÓÓÌà àTested€under€the€authorities€cited€above,€we€are€of€theÏopinion€that€the€action€of€the€trial€court€in€granting€summary€toÏKenco€was€appropriate.ÌÌà@ àò òKIRBY€BUILDING€SYSTEMS,€INC.ó óÌÌà àOur€next€inquiry€is€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€grantingÏsummary€judgment€to€œKirby.€€Kirby€was€the€manufacturer€and/orÏseller€of€the€building.›€€The€œplaintiffs›€also€state€a€multi‚plicityÏof€allegations€against€Kirby.€€In€their€brief,€however,€the€appel…lants€have€condensed€their€allegations.€€The€plaintiffs€chargeÏthat€Kirby:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà0 àà à1.à àNegligently€designed€and€manufactured€the€metalÏbuilding€which€plaintiffs'€decedent€was€helping€toÏerect€at€the€time€of€his€fall.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà à2.à àFailed€to€instruct€or€adequately€instruct€theÏgeneral€contractor,€architect,€owner,€Davis,€and/orÏironworkers,€concerning€the€erection€of€the€saidÏsteel€building.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà à3.à àFailed€to€warn€the€general€contractor,€architect,Ïowner,€Davis,€and/or€ironworkers,€concerning€theÏdangers€and€safety€requirements€when€constructingÏand€erecting€their€steel€and€metal€buildings.ÌÌÓÓÌà àThe€appellants€rely€upon€the€affidavit€of€A.€O.€White,€Jr.,ÏP.E.,€to€support€their€allegations€against€Kirby.€€A.€O.€White€isÏa€registered€professional€engineer€in€the€State€of€Tennessee.€€WeÏwill€first€examine€the€contents€of€the€affidavit.€€Mr.€WhiteÏdeposes€that€he€was€employed€by€the€Attorney€for€the€plaintiffsÏand€thereafter€supplied€with€documents€related€to€the€case€andÏ"[œa]s›€a€result€of€review€and€study€of€those€documents,€I€haveÏpersonal€knowledge€of€the€matters€stated€œherein."›€€It€is€difficultÏto€understand€how€Mr.€White€can€have€personal€knowledge€concerningÏfacts€provided€to€him€in€"documents€relating€to€this€case."€€Thus,Ïwe€have€some€question€as€to€the€efficacy€of€the€affidavit€underÏthe€teachings€of€òòFowler€v.€Happy€œGoodwin›€Familyóó,€575€S.W.2d€496,Ï498€(Tenn.€1978).€€Nevertheless€we€have€studied€Mr.€White's€affi…davit€in€detail.ÌÌà àParagraphs€2€and€4€of€Mr.€White's€affidavit€state€the€follow…ing:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà à2.à àLarry€Jason€Dempsey,€while€working€as€anÏemployee€of€Burroughs€Metal€Builders,€Inc.,€on€the€roofÏof€a€building€being€constructed€by€Kenco/Bonny€Oaks,€II,Ïat€6301€Enterprise€Park€Drive€in€Chattanooga,€Tennessee,Ïfell€to€his€death€about€mid„day€on€Friday,€March€17,Ï1995.€€As€the€decedent€attempted€to€stand€up€on€theÏroof,€he€put€his€hand€on€an€aluminum€trim€strip€whichÏcollapsed€under€his€weight.€€He€fell€approximatelyÏthirty„five€feet€(35')€landing€on€a€concrete€floor€slabÏbelow.ÌÌà8 àà à4.à àThe€supporting€steel€roof€structure€and€standƒing€seam€steel€roof€deck€from€which€the€decedent€fellÏwere€designed€and€manufactured€...€by€Kirby€Steel€Build…ings,€Inc.€€Drawings€prepared€by€Kirby€did€not€show€orÏdescribe€a€safe€method€for€installing€aluminum€trimÏstrips€(also€called€Yeager€strips)€in€order€to€enhanceÏaesthetic€appearance€of€the€finished€insulated€roofÏdeck.€€It€was€a€Yeager€strip€which€collapsed€beneath€theÏdecedent.€€...€.ÌÌÓÓÌà àThere€is€evidence€in€the€record€to€demonstrate,€by€inferenceÏat€least,€that€the€cause€of€the€decedent's€fall€was€the€YeagerÏstrip.€€The€only€witness€to€the€fall,€Mr.€Terry€Tanner€testifiedÍby€deposition€that€he€did€not€know€why€the€decedent€slipped.œ× ƒ6 ××  ×›€€HeÏwas€asked€the€following€questions€and€gave€the€following€answers:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àJust€tell€us€what€happened€insofar€as€his€[theÏdecedent]€holding€onto€the€skylight€trim€or€placingÏit€and€the€accident.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àHe€placed€the€skylight€trim€out€on€the€mark€and€IÏstarted€to€screw€the€skylight€rim€down€and€I€lookedÏup€and€saw€Brian€had€started€to€put€the€pipe€in€theÏinsulation€to€carry€it€over€to€the€edge€of€the€roofÏand€I€told€Jason€that€I€didn't€need€him,€that€IÏcould€handle€that,€that€he€could€go€over€and€helpÏBrian€get€the€insulation€ready€to€roll€out.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àWhat€happened€then?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àAt€that€time€he€started€to€get€up,€he€was€on€hisÏhands€and€knees€and€next€thing€I€knew€he€was€in€theÏhole.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àWhen€you€say€he€was€on€his€hands€and€knees,€youÏtalking€[sic]€about€kneeling€on€the€platform?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àRight.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àWere€you€also€in€a€kneeling€or€crouched€position?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àNo,€I€was€in€a€standing€position€with€one€foot€onÏthe€bar€joist€ð"ð€one€foot€on€the€skylight€trim€andÏone€foot€on€the€platform.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àDid€you€see€him€fall?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àYes,€I€saw€him€after€he€had€slipped,€I€didn'tÏactually€see€him€slip€or€fall.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àDo€you€know€why€he€slipped?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àœNo.Ì›Ìà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àHad€you€finished€putting€the€skylight€trim€downÏwhen€he€slipped?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àI€don't€recall€if€I€had€placed€the€screw€in€or€not,ÏI€knew€I€was€prepared€to€and€I€think€maybe€I€hadÏstarted€to€put€the€screw€down€at€the€point€that€heÏslipped€and€I€reached€for€him.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àIn€looking€at€Exhibit€No.€1,€can€you€identifyÏExhibit€1€as€being€the€area€where€the€accidentÏoccurred?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àIt€could€be,€yes.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àLet€me€hand€you€another€photograph€and€ask€you€ifÏyou€can€identify€this€photograph?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àYes.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àCan€you€tell€me€what€that€photograph€shows?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àThat€shows€the€roof€and€the€platform€and€the€trimÏstrip€hanging€down€from€the€building.ÌÌà@ à*€€€€€*€€€€€*€€€€*ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àWhen€you€talk€about€the€trim€strip€hanging€down€inÏExhibit€No.€5,€what€are€you€referring€to€in€thatÏphotograph?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àThe€trim€strip€hanging€down€from€the€roof€of€theÏbuilding.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àIs€that€the€Yeager€trim€strip?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àYes.ÌÌà@ à*€€€€€*€€€€€*€€€€€*ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àWhat€happened€to€the€Yeager€trim€strip€after€theÏfall?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àThe€Yeager€trim€strip€broke€lose€[sic]€from€the€endÏof€the€building€where€it€had€been€fastened.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àDo€you€know€if€he€hit€the€Yeager€trim€strip€when€heÏfell?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àYes,€he€did.ÌÌÓÓà@ à*€€€€€*€€€€€*€€€€€*ÌÌà àThere€is€nothing€in€the€record€to€suggest€that€the€YeagerÏstrip€was€negligently€designed€or€manufactured€or€that€the€productÏwas€defective€or€unreasonably€dangerous.€€Mr.€White€ventured€noÏopinion€on€these€points.ÌÌà àœOur›€Supreme€Court€has€addressed€the€duty€to€warn,€or€lackÏthereof,€in€products€liability€cases€in€òòœGoode›€v.€œTamko›€œAsphault›ÏProducts,€Inc.óó,€783€S.W.2d€184€(Tenn.€1989).€€In€òòGoodeóó,€the€plain…tiff€claimed€that€he€contracted€a€skin€pigmentation€œcondition,›Ïdiagnosed€as€vitiligo,€as€a€result€of€using€asphalt€roof€shinglesÏand€felt€manufactured€by€the€defendants.€€There€were€no€warnings.€ÏThe€Supreme€Court€stated:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àPlaintiff's€theory€of€recovery€in€this€case€is€thatÏdefendants€were€guilty€of€a€negligent€breach€of€duty€toÏwarn€of€the€non„apparent€danger€associated€with€the€useÏof€their€roofing€products.€A€failure€to€discharge€a€dutyÏto€warn,€whether€negligent€or€innocent,€is€expresslyÏincluded€in€the€definition€of€a€products€liabilityÏaction€in€T.C.A.€ðð€29„28„102(6).€T.C.A.€ðð€29„28„105(a)Ïprovides€that€to€impose€liability€on€a€manufacturer€[orÏseller]€it€must€be€shown€that€the€product€was€in€aÏdefective€condition,€or€an€unreasonably€dangerous€condi…tion,€at€the€time€it€left€the€manufacturer's€[or€sell…er's]€control.€In€this€case€there€is€no€contention€thatÏthe€products€were€in€a€defective€condition.€Thus,€theÏissue€is€whether€defendant's€roofing€products€were€in€anÏunreasonably€dangerous€condition€at€the€time€the€prod…ucts€left€the€control€of€each€manufacturer€[or€seller].ÏIt€follows€that€if€the€products€were€unreasonably€dan…gerous,€defendants€had€a€duty€to€put€an€appropriateÏwarning€on€the€labels,€but€if€the€products€were€notÏunreasonably€dangerous,€the€law€imposes€no€duty€to€warn.Ì€Ìà8 àà àThe€definition€of€"unreasonably€dangerous"€that€isÏapplicable€to€the€facts€in€this€case€is€the€followingÏportion€of€T.C.A.€ðð€29„28„102(8):Ì€Ìà8 àà0 à(8)€"Unreasonably€dangerous"€means€that€a€productÏis€dangerous€to€an€extent€beyond€that€which€wouldÏbe€contemplated€by€the€ordinary€consumer€who€pur…chases€it,€with€the€ordinary€knowledge€common€toÏthe€community€as€to€its€characteristics,€...€.ÌÌòòGoodeóó,€783€S.W.2d€184,€187.ÌÌÓÓÌà àWe€note€also€that€T.C.A.€ðð€29„28„102(6)€not€only€deals€withÏan€action€for€failure€to€warn€but€also€encompasses€a€failure€toÏinstruct.€€ÌÌà àWe€are€of€the€opinion€that€the€observations€made€in€òòGoodeóó€areÏapplicable€to€the€case€at€hand.€€We,€therefore,€find€that€theÏaffidavit€of€Mr.€White,€together€with€the€record€considered€as€aÏwhole,€œare›€insufficient€to€overcome€a€properly€supported€motionÏfor€a€summary€judgment.ÌÌà@ àò òTHE€WAMP€ALLIANCEó ó× ƒ7 ××  ×ÌÌà àThe€appellants€claim€that€the€defendant,€Wamp,€was€the€archi…tect€for€the€Kenco€Warehouse€project.€€Against€Wamp,€they€alsoÏlist€a€multiplicity€of€allegations€wherein€they€assert€that€WampÏwas€negligent.€€Specifically€they€charge€Wamp€with:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà0 àà à1.à àFailure€to€develop,€publish€and€disseminate€strucƒtural€design€standards€to€the€contractors€and/orÏemployees.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà à2.à àFailure€to€properly€warn€the€plaintiffs'€decedentÏof€the€dangers€associated€with€working€in€high€andÏdangerous€locations€and€failing€to€prepare€him€toÏprotect€himself€against€such€dangers.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà à3.à àFailure€to€make€provide€[sic]€adequate€safetyÏpersonnel€on€site€for€erection€of€the€structuralÏsteel.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà à4.à àFailure€to€provide€proper€safety€specifications€forÏthe€use€of€safety€gear€and€equipment€on€the€subjectÏproject.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà à5.à àPreparing€drawings€and€specifications€requiring€andÏusing€dangerous€methods€of€construction€in€conƒnection€with€the€subject€project,€without€providingÍadequate€warnings€of€said€dangers€to€Harris,€Kenco,ÏIronworkers,€Davis,€Burroughs€and€Morgan.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà à6.à àFailure€to€make€proper€safety€inspections€of€theÏsubject€property.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà à7.à àFailure€to€properly€supervise€the€construction€siteÏand€process€to€protect€the€safety€of€the€plain…tiffs'€decedent.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà à8.à àFailure€to€properly€consult€with€and€advise€theÏdefendant€Kenco,€defendant€Harris,€defendant€Davis,Ïdefendant€Ironworkers,€the€subcontractor,€Bur…roughs,€or€the€general€contractor,€Morgan,€œconƒcerning€construction€practices,€safety€and€warningsÏto€workers.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà à9.à àFailure€to€hire€a€project€or€structural€engineer,Ïor€hiring€an€unqualified€one.ÌÌÓ ` Ü` " ˜X Óà8 àà0 àà à10.à àNegligently€entrusting€said€metal€building€to€con…tractors,€engineers,€and€architects€who€were€notÏadequately€knowledgeable,€and€skilled€in€construc…tion€methods€used,€or€failing€to€hire,€designate€orÏrequire€proper€contractors,€engineers€or€architectsÏto€construct€said€warehouse€building.ÌÌÓ ` Ü›XÓÓÓÌà àIt€is€undisputed€that€Wamp€was€hired€solely€for€the€purposeÏof€providing€drawings€of€the€project€in€order€to€get€buildingÏpermits€issued.€€Wamp€was€not€a€party€to€any€contract€which€im…posed€upon€him€any€other€duties.€€The€plaintiffs€cite€no€authorityÏfor€their€claims€advanced€against€Wamp€nor€have€they€produced€anyÍexpert€testimony€that€the€actions€of€Wamp€fell€below€the€standardsÏof€care€for€architects.ÌÌ€€They€further€claim€that€Wamp€committed€the€alleged€negligentÏacts€as€the€agent€of€either€Kenco,€Morgan€or€Kirby.€€The€undisput…ed€evidence€is€that€Wamp€was€employed€solely€for€the€purpose€ofÏpreparing€drawings€of€the€project€in€order€to€get€building€permitsÏissued.€€Wamp€was€not€a€party€to€contracts€between€Kenco€andÏMorgan€even€though€he€was€listed€in€the€contract€documents€as€theÏarchitect€on€the€project.ÌÌà@ àò òCONCLUSIONó óÌÌà àWe€find€no€merit€in€any€of€the€issues€advanced€by€the€appel…lants€and€urged€upon€this€court€as€grounds€for€reversal.€€Accord…ingly,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Costs€areÏassessed€to€the€appellants€and€this€case€is€remanded€to€the€trialÏcourt.ÌÌÓÓ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€________________________________Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Don€T.€McMurray,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌHerschel€P.€Franks,€JudgeÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌCharles€D.€Susano,€Jr.,€JudgeÌÇÑ  ÑÑ7€ü<XXdðXXdð7Ñ€€€à@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALSÌà@ àAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌÌÌÌÌLARRY€DEMPSEY€and€wife,€LISA€€€€)à àHAMILTON€CIRCUITÌDEMPSEY,€Co„Administrators€of€€€)€€C.€A.€NO.€03A01„9709„CV„00436Ìthe€Estate€of€Larry€Jason€€€€€€€)€ÌDempsey,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€Plaintiffs„Appellants€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ìvs.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àHON.€SAMUEL€H.€PAYNEÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àJUDGEÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)ÌINTERNATIONAL€ASSOCIATION€OF€€€€)à àAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDÌBRIDGE,€STRUCTURAL€AND€ORNAMEN„€)ÌTAL›€IRONWORKERS,€LARRY€G.€DAVIS,)Ìindividually€and€as€agent€and€€€)Ìemployee€of€the€International€€€)ÌAssociation€of€BRIDGE,€€€€€€€€€€)ÌStructural€and€Ornamental€€€€€€€)ÌIronworkers,€KIRBY€BUILDING€€€€€)ÌSYSTEMS,€INC.,€FREELAND€HARRIS,€)Ìd/b/a€Freeland€Harris€Consulting)ÌEngineer€and€DONALD€LOUIS€WAMP,€)Ìd/b/a€The€Wamp€Alliance,€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€Defendants„Appellees€€)ÌÌÌà@ àò òòòJUDGMENTóóó óÌÌÌÓÓà àThis€appeal€came€on€to€be€heard€upon€the€record€from€theÏCircuit€Court€of€Hamilton€County,€briefs€and€argument€of€counsel.€ÏØØÙ  ÙUpon€consideration€thereof,€this€Court€is€of€the€opinion€thatÏthere€was€no€reversible€error€in€the€trial€court.Ìà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed€in€all€respectsÏand€this€case€is€remanded€to€the€trial€court.€€Costs€are€assessedÏto€the€appellants.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€PER€CURIAMÌ