ÿWPCu! …# VUNa %¯ 0(µ4Ýñ 0l 0Dl 0J° 0Tú N 0^N 0h¬ 0r w† 0|– 0† 0˜ 1u( U, 0dÉ U,-U>YB)—DCÀ AMU*P÷zžqD­Sï D3ï B"v~? 0@½vÓý AOÐÆ 0Då D/)! BX!˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0†(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡nnG 3|x˜((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔŠÓ€”2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d!!!!7Border 1dd€-"Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial íÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÔ€$ÔÔ€$ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€$XÔÌÌJanuary€31,€1996ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó ”Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝT.C.A.€ðð€47„25„1105€provides:Ìò òà8 àUnauthorized€use€prohibitedó ó.€„„€(a)€€Any€person€who€knowingly€uses€orÏinfringes€upon€the€use€of€another€individual's€name,€photograph,€or€likeness€in€anyÏmedium,€in€any€manner€directed€to€any€person€other€than€such€individual,€as€anÏitem€of€commerce€for€purposes€of€advertising€products,€merchandise,€goods,€orÏservices,€or€for€purposes€of€fund€raising,€solicitation€of€donations,€purchases€ofÏproducts,€merchandise,€goods,€or€services,€without€such€individual's€priorÏconsent,€or,€in€the€case€of€a€minor,€the€prior€consent€of€such€minor's€parent€or€legalÏguardian,€or€in€the€case€of€a€deceased€individual,€the€consent€of€the€executor€orÏadministrator,€heirs,€or€devisees€of€such€deceased€individual,€shall€be€liable€to€aÏcivil€action.Ì :Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝAppellee€Schwartz„Nobel€also€filed€as€separate€motion€to€dismiss€for€lack€of€personalÏjurisdiction€which€was€also€granted€by€the€trial€court€in€its€order€granting€summary€judgment.€€Ì £Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€entire€book€has€been€included€in€the€record.€€On€the€front€cover,€below€the€title,€reads:€Ï"The€Shocking€Truth€Behind€the€Florida€Case€of€Two€Babies€Switched€at€Birth."€€The€submittedÏexcerpts€reveal€the€early€childhood€events€of€Twigg€and€her€siblings€as€herein€previously€detailed.Ì åÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€record€does€not€indicate€any€express€ruling€by€the€trial€court€on€the€motion€forÏcontinuance.Ì++++'ÿÿdxd dPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  ÒStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA: T Monaco ÒÒ  BA: T Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€X„d&ÓÑ#€Xd#ÑÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÓ` Ü` p”XÓÑ\R AØ'\Ñà@ àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEE,€WESTERN€SECTIONÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌà@ à_______________________________________________________ÌÌó óà à)ò òÌSOPHIA€J.€GIBBONS,ó óà à)à àDavidson€County€Chancery€CourtÌà à)à àRule€No.€94„3332„IÌ€€€€€Plaintiff/Appellant.à à)Ìà à)ÌVS.à à)à àC.€A.€No.€01A01„9507„CH„00316Ìà à)ÌÙ€€Ùò òßL€#%";+'h|{` ç `€€LßLORETTA€SCHWARTZ„NOBEL,€ó óà à)Ìò òET.€AL.,ó óà à)Ìà à)Ì€€€€€Defendants/Appellees.à à)Ìà à)Ì______________________________________________________________________________ÌÌFrom€the€Chancery€Court€of€Davidson€County€at€Nashville.Ìò òHonorable€Irvin€H.€Kilcrease,€Jr.,€Chancellor€€ó óÌÌÌò òSophia€J.€Gibbonsó ó,€Pro€SeÌPlaintiff/AppellantÌÌÌò òShelby€R.€Grubbsó ó,Ìò òJames€T.€Williamsó ó,ÌMILLER€&€MARTIN,€Chattanooga,€TennesseeÌAttorneys€for€Defendant/Appellee,€Professional€Media€Service€CorporationÌÌÌò òDouglas€R.€Pierceó ó,Ìò òMary€M.€Collieró ó,ÌKING€&€BALLOW,€Nashville,€TennesseeÌAttorneys€for€Defendants/Appellees,€Villard€Books€(which€is€a€division€of€Random€House,€Inc.),ÏRandom€House,€Inc.€of€New€York,€Random€House,€Inc.€of€Canada,€Ltd.,€Walden€BookÏCompany,€Inc.,€Loretta€Schwartz„Nobel,€Columbia€TriStar€Home€Video,€Inc.€Mark€Sennett,€andÏColumbia€Pictures€Industries,€Inc.ÌÌò òÌDeanna€C.€Belló ó,€Nashville,€TennesseeÌAttorney€for€Defendant/Appellee,€Regina€TwiggÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:ÌÌò òAFFIRMED€AND€DISMISSEDÌÌÌà àFARMER,€J.ÌÌÌÌCRAWFORD,€P.J.,€W.S.€ó ó:€(Concurs)Ìò òÌWILLIAMS,€Sp.€J.€ó ó:€(Concurs)ÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ` Ü` ˜XÓÓÓThis€appeal€stems€from€a€lawsuit€filed€by€Appellant,€Sophia€Joanne€Gibbons,€alleging€libel,Ïinvasion€of€privacy€and€a€violation€of€Tennessee's€Personal€Rights€Protection€Act,€T.C.A.€ðð€47„25„1101€et.€seq.,× ƒ& ××  ×€by€the€various€Appellees€for€their€respective€parts€in€either€the€publication€andÏdissemination€of€a€book€entitled€òòò òThe€Baby€Swap€Conspiracyóóó ó€or€the€later€telecasting€andÏdistribution€of€a€related€video,€entitled€òòò òSwitched€At€Birthóóó ó.ÌÌà àBoth€materials€recount€the€switching€of€Appellee€Regina€Twigg's€infant€daughterÏfrom€the€hospital€where€she€was€born€and€the€Florida€litigation€that€subsequently€followedÏincluding€a€custody€battle€for€the€child.€€The€book€also€recounts€the€early€childhood€of€Ms.€TwiggÏand€her€siblings,€including€a€younger€sister,€identified€as€"Sophie€Joanne€Gibbons."€€It€relates€theÏexperiences€of€being€separated€from€their€mother,€who€was€placed€in€a€mental€institution,€and€theÏchildren's€subsequent€placement€in€an€orphanage€in€Ohio€and€the€abuse€encountered€while€there.€€ItÏis€told€from€Twigg's€point„of„view.€€The€book€includes€a€photograph€of€"Sophie,"€at€three€yearsÏof€age,€with€a€side€caption€stating,€"[t]his€is€the€sister€for€whom€Regina€is€still€looking.€€Sophie,€atÏthree,€was€taken€away€for€adoption€.€.€.€."€€Appellant's€complaint€alleges€that€she€is€the€youngerÏsister€of€Twigg€and€that€dissemination€of€the€forgoing€materials,€which€"leave[€]€the€publicÏthinking€that€[Appellant's]€siblings€are€still€lost€and€that€[Appellant]€may€be€dead,"€has€caused€herÍto€endure€severe€emotional€stress€and€mental€anguish.ÌÌà àThe€record€establishes€that€the€book€was€authored€by€Appellee€Loretta€Schwartz„Nobel€based€on€information€provided,€in€part,€by€Twigg.€€It€was€published€by€Appellee€VillardÏBooks,€a€division€of€Random€House,€Inc.,€and€first€distributed€to€Appellee,€Walden€BookÏCompany,€Inc.€in€Tennessee€for€further€distribution.€€òòò òSwitched€At€Birth€ó óóówas€originallyÏproduced€in€association€with€Appellee€Columbia€Pictures€Industries,€Inc.€and€telecast€as€a€two„partÏmini„series.€€Appellee€Columbia€TriStar€Home€Video,€Inc.€later€released€it€into€the€home€videoÏmarket.€€The€video€was€further€distributed€by€Appellee€Professional€Media€Services€CorporationÏ(PMSC).ÌÌà àAfter€the€filing€of€various€motions€by€the€parties,€the€trial€court€granted€eitherÏmotions€to€dismiss€or€for€summary€judgment€as€to€all€Appellees€on€either€or€all€of€the€followingÏgrounds:€the€running€of€the€statute€of€limitations,€failure€to€state€a€claim€upon€which€relief€can€beÏgranted€and€lack€of€personal€jurisdiction.€€We€perceive€the€issue€on€appeal€as€whether€the€trial€courtÏproperly€dismissed€Appellant's€claim€upon€the€respective€motions€of€the€appellees.ÌÌà àWe€first€consider€the€motions€to€dismiss€for€lack€of€personal€jurisdiction€filed€byÏboth€Twigg€and€PMSC.€€PMSC's€motion,€filed€in€accordance€with€Rule€12.02(2)€T.R.C.P.,Ïincludes€the€affidavit€of€Jeanne€Nicodemus.€€It€states€that€she€is€the€vice€president€of€administrationÏfor€PMSC€which€"is€a€service€company€in€the€business€of€providing€videotapes€for€use€in€libraries.€ÏSpecifically,€[PMSC]€.€.€.€[tags,€labels,€and€otherwise€prepares]€such€videotapes€so€that€they€areÏ'shelf€ready'€for€[library€use]€.€.€.€.€"€€PMSC€distributed€the€video€entitled€òòò òSwitched€At€Birthóóó ó€toÏtwo€customers,€neither€of€whom€are€located€in€the€State€of€Tennessee.€€PMSC€purchased€the€videoÏtapes€in€question€specifically€for€resale€and€had€no€knowledge€of€Appellant.€€PMSC€is€incorporatedÏunder€the€laws€of€the€State€of€California,€with€its€sole€office€located€in€Gardena,€California.€ÏPMSC€has€no€sales€representative,€office,€telephone€or€other€listing€or€"any€other€presence"€inÍTennessee.€€ÌÌà àAppellant's€amended€complaint€alleges€that€PMSC€is€a€"foreign/domesticÏcorporation€authorized€to€do€business€in€the€State€of€California."€€She€specifically€responded€to€theÏmotion€as€follows:ÌÌÓÓà8 à[PMSC],€disseminated€[sic]€[its]€willingness€and€[capability]€toÏdistribute€the€movie€entitled,€"Switched€At€Birth",€through€theÏlibraries€of€Davidson€County,€Tennessee,€by€the€use€of€computerÏtransfer€of€information€regarding€the€labeling,€filing,€etc.€servicesÏfor€which€they€are€established,€as€evidenced€by€computerÏtransaction[s]€between€.€.€.€PMSC,€and€public€libraries€of€DavidsonÏCounty,€Tennessee;€establishing€availability€of€said€movie€within€theÏstate€of€Tennessee.€.€.€.€ÌÌÌÌÓÓA€second€affidavit€by€Ms.€Nicodemus€indicates€that€Library€Corporation€provides€a€data€baseÏwhich€is€available€to€all€subscribing€libraries.€€Such€data€base€includes€movies€offered€by€PMSC.€ÌÌà àòòò òMasada€Investment€Corp.€v.€Allenóóó ó,€697€S.W.2d€332€(Tenn.€1985),€holds:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àIn€determining€whether€or€not€a€state€can€assert€long„armÏjurisdiction,€due€process€requires€that€a€non„resident€defendant€beÏsubjected€to€a€judgment€òòò òin€personamóóó ó€only€if€he€has€minimumÏcontacts€with€the€forum€such€that€"the€maintenance€of€the€suit€doesÏnot€offend€'traditional€notions€of€fair€play€and€substantial€justice.'€"€Ïòòò òInternational€Shoe€Co.€v.€Washingtonóóó ó,€326€U.S.€310,€316,Ï66€S.Ct.€154,€158,€90€L.Ed.€95€(1945).€€However,€the€absence€ofÏphysical€contacts€will€not€defeat€òòò òin€personamóóó ó€jurisdiction€where€aÏcommercial€actor€purposefully€directs€his€activities€toward€citizensÏof€the€forum€State€and€litigation€results€from€injuries€arising€out€ofÏor€relating€to€those€activities.€€òòò òBurger€King€Corp.€v.ÏRudzewiczóóó ó,€[471]€U.S.€[462],€105€S.Ct.€2174,€2182,€85€L.Ed.Ï528€(1985).€€In€such€a€case,€"the€defendant's€conduct€andÏconnection€with€the€forum€State€are€such€that€he€should€reasonablyÏanticipate€being€haled€into€court€there."€€òòò òWorld„WideÏVolkswagen€Corp.€v.€Woodsonóóó ó,€444€U.S.€286,€297,€100ÏS.Ct.€559,€567,€62€L.Ed.2d€490€(1980).ÌÌÌÌÓÓòòò òMasadaóóó ó,€697€S.W.2d€at€334.ÌÌà àAppellant€apparently€asserts€that€the€video€was€distributed€by€PMSC€to€theÏDavidson€County€libraries,€via€computer€transfer,€and€that€such€is€sufficient€to€establish€minimumÏcontacts€with€the€forum€state.€€We€cannot€agree.€€The€record€as€presented€fails€to€evidence€anyÏconduct€by€PMSC€directed€toward€the€citizens€of€Tennessee€or€that€the€intent€or€purpose€of€PMSCÏwas€to€serve€the€Tennessee€market.€€The€Davidson€County€libraries'€receipt€of€the€video€by€meansÏof€computer€transfer€is€insufficient,€without€more,€to€establish€the€requisite€minimum€contactsÏbetween€Tennessee€and€PMSC.€€We,€therefore,€conclude€that€the€trial€court€correctly€dismissed€theÏaction€as€to€PMSC€for€lack€of€òòò òin€personamóóó ó€jurisdiction.ÌÌà àTwigg's€motion€to€dismiss€was€filed€on€grounds€which€included,€òòò òinter€aliaóóó ó,€aÏwant€of€personal€jurisdiction€by€the€trial€court.€€In€regard€thereto,€the€motion€states€that€TwiggÏresides€in€Florida€and€was€involved€in€litigation€in€that€state€concerning€the€switching€of€her€infantÏchild.€€It€further€states€that€Appellees,€other€than€Twigg,€participated€in€the€making€or€publicationÏof€either€the€book€or€video.€€ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àThe€United€States€Supreme€Court€has€separated€the€dueÏprocess€inquiry€into€òòò òin€personamóóó ó€jurisdiction€into€two€distinctÏareas.€€òòò òSee€Helicopteros€Nacionales€de€Columbia€v.€Hallóóó ó,Ï466€U.S.€408,€414€nn.€8„9,€104€S.Ct.€1868,€1872€nn.€8„9,€80€L.ÏEd.€2d€404,€411€nn.€8„9€(1984).€.€.€.€€"[w]hen€a€State€exercisesÏpersonal€jurisdiction€over€a€€defendant€in€a€suit€not€arising€out€of€orÏrelated€to€the€defendant's€contacts€with€the€forum,€the€State€has€beenÏsaid€to€be€exercising€'general€jurisdiction'€over€the€defendant."€€òòò òIdóóó ó.Ïat€414€n.9.€€Due€process€considerations€preclude€the€assertion€ofÏgeneral€jurisdiction€unless€the€plaintiff€proves€that€the€defendantÏmaintained€continuous€and€systematic€activities€in€Tennessee.€€òòò òIdóóó ó.€atÏ414„15.ÌÌÌÌÓÓòòò òThompson€v.€Ciboney€Spa€and€Beach€Resortóóó ó,€No.€01„A„01„9507„CV„00297,€slip€op.€atÏ4„5€(Tenn.€App.€December€6,€1995).€€The€record€does€not€suggest€that€Twigg€has€"maintainedÏcontinuous€and€systematic€activities"€in€Tennessee.€€In€fact,€the€only€jurisdictional€statement€as€toÏTwigg€is€found€in€Appellant's€amended€complaint€which€asserts€that€"[Twigg]€is€a€citizen€andÍresident€of€the€State€of€Florida€.€.€.€.€"€€A€bill€showing€the€residence€of€a€defendant€to€be€such€thatÏthe€court€has€no€jurisdiction€will€be€dismissed€on€motion.€€òòò òParker€v.€Porteróóó ó,€12€Tenn.€81,€82Ï(1833).€€We€conclude€that€the€trial€court€properly€dismissed€Appellant's€complaint€as€to€Twigg.ÌÌà àLastly,€we€address€the€trial€court's€grant€of€summary€judgment€in€favor€of€theÏremaining€Appellees× ƒ' ××  ×€who€collectively€filed€a€motion€for€summary€judgment,€contending€thatÏAppellant€failed€to€state€a€claim€upon€which€relief€can€be€granted€and€that€the€applicable€statute€ofÏlimitations€barred€the€action.€€The€following€affidavits€were€filed€in€support€thereof:€€The€affidavitÏof€Kelly€Kay€states,€as€here€pertinent:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àI€am€currently€employed€with€Sony€Pictures€EntertainmentÏInc.€("SPE")€as€Senior€Counsel.€.€.€.€.ÌÌà8 àà àIn€the€course€of€my€employment€at€SPE€I€became€involvedÏwith€a€two„part€television€mini„series€entitled€"Switched€At€Birth,"Ïwhich€was€produced€by€an€SPE€subsidiary€known€as€CPTÏHoldings,€Inc.€.€.€.ÌÌà8 àà à"Switched€At€Birth"€was€first€broadcast€in€April,€1991,€onÏthe€NBC€television€network.€€The€SPE€subsidiary€Columbia€TriStarÏHome€Video€("CTHV")€then€released€it€in€the€home€video€market€onÏFebruary€17,€1993.€.€.€.ÌÌà8 àà à"Switched€At€Birth"€does€not€contain€any€pictorial€images€ofÏPlaintiff€or€pictorial€likenesses€of€Plaintiff.ÌÌà8 àà à"Switched€At€Birth"€does€not€contain€any€audio€or€writtenÏreferences€to€Plaintiff.ÌÌà8 àà à"Switched€at€Birth"€does€not€contain€any€audio,€written,€orÏpictorial€references€to€the€existence€of€Regina€Twigg's€youngerÏsister€whom€Plaintiff€claims€to€be.ÌÌà8 àà à"Switched€At€Birth"€contains€a€character€named€"Sophie,"Ïbut€this€character€does€not€portray€or€depict€Plaintiff€or€DefendantÏTwigg's€sister.€€ÌÌÌÌà àThe€affidavit€of€Heather€Kilpatrick€provides:ÌÌÌà8 àà àI€am€currently€employed€as€Senior€Counsel€for€RandomÏHouse,€Inc.,€.€.€.€.ÌÌà8 àà àI€am€familiar€with€the€publication€of€the€book€òòThe€BabyÏSwap€Conspiracyóó.ÌÌà8 àà àAs€indicated€on€the€earliest€invoice€for€òòThe€Baby€SwapÏConspiracyóó,€this€book€was€first€distributed€on€January€14,€1993.€.€.Ï.€€Attached€hereto€as€Exhibit€B€is€a€Release€into€Inventory€documentÏshowing€that€the€printing€of€the€book€was€completed€January€12,Ï1993.€€There€have€been€no€other€printings€of€this€book.ÌÌà8 àà àThe€only€pages€in€the€book€making€any€reference€toÏPlaintiff,€including€a€photograph€of€Plaintiff€as€a€child,€are€attachedÏhereto€.€.€.€.× ƒ( ××  ×€ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àThe€party€seeking€summary€judgment€bears€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€thereÏare€no€disputed,€material€facts€creating€a€genuine€issue€for€trial€and€that€he€is,€therefore,€entitled€toÏa€judgment€as€a€matter€of€law.€€òòò òByrd€v.€Hallóóó ó,€847€S.W.2d€208,€215€(Tenn.€1993).€€When€aÏproperly€supported€motion€is€made€out€by€the€moving€party,€the€burden€shifts€to€the€non„movingÏparty€to€set€forth€specific€facts,€not€legal€conclusions,€by€using€affidavits€or€other€discoveryÏmaterials€establishing€that€there€are€indeed€disputed,€material€facts€creating€a€genuine€issue€andÏrequiring€resolution€by€the€trier€of€fact,€prompting€the€need€for€a€trial.€€òòò òByrdóóó ó,€847€S.W.2d€at€215.€ÏThe€non„movant€may€not€rely€upon€the€allegations€or€denials€of€his€pleadings€in€carrying€out€thisÏburden.€€òòò òIdóóó ó.ÌÌà àThe€record€before€us€includes€Appellant's€combined€"Response€to€[Appellees']ÏMotion€for€Summary€Judgment,€and€Motion€to€Continue€Summary€Judgment€Hearing."€€It€doesÏnot€specifically€address€the€facts€as€established€in€either€affidavit.€€It€merely€states€that€Appellant'sÏlawsuit€is€not€frivolous€and€that€a€continuance€is€requested€so€that€she€may€obtain€legal€counsel€andÍproperly€respond€to€the€motion.× ƒ) ××  ×€€Moreover,€it€is€an€unsworn€response.€€No€other€response€to€theÏmotion€is€found€in€the€record.€€Thus,€Appellant€has€failed€to€present€any€facts€to€dispute€that€theÏvideo€in€question€does€not€contain€any€audio,€pictorial€or€written€references€to€her.€€We€necessarilyÏconclude€that€the€trial€court€correctly€granted€summary€judgment€in€favor€of€the€appellees€involvedÏwith€the€production€and€distribution€of€the€video.ÌÌà àAs€to€the€"book"€Appellees,€who€rely€upon€the€Kilpatrick€affidavit,€we€find€theÏfollowing:€€T.C.A.€ðð€28„3„104(a)(1)€provides:€€ÌÌÓÓà8 àThe€following€actions€shall€be€commenced€within€one€(1)€year€afterÏthe€cause€of€action€accrued:€€ÌÌà8 àà à(1)€€Actions€for€libel,€for€injuries€to€the€person,€falseÏimprisonment,€malicious€prosecution,€breach€of€marriage€promise;ÌÌÌÌÓÓThe€Personal€Rights€Protection€Act€("Act")€does€not€provide€for€a€separate€statute€of€limitations.€ÏTherefore,€the€applicable€statute€of€limitations€as€to€all€three€theories€of€recovery€is€in€accordanceÏwith€the€foregoing€statute.€€As€to€the€claims€for€invasion€of€privacy€and€a€violation€of€the€Act,€theÏKilpatrick€affidavit€states€that€the€book€was€originally€distributed€on€January€14,€1993.€€The€recordÏestablishes€that€the€original€complaint€was€filed€November€2,€1994.€€Appellant€has€not€comeÏforward€by€affidavit€or€as€otherwise€specified€in€Rule€56.03€T.R.C.P.,€to€dispute€the€running€ofÏthe€statute€of€limitations€from€one€year€from€January€14,€1993.€€Thus,€we€find€these€particularÏclaims€barred€by€the€one€year€statute€of€limitations€and€conclude€that€summary€judgment€wasÏproperly€granted.€ÌÌà àAs€to€the€claim€of€defamation,€the€statute€of€limitations€begins€to€run€on€the€date€theÏpublication€is€first€distributed€in€the€county€where€the€action€is€brought.€€òòò òSee€Applewhite€v.ÍMemphis€State€Univ.óóó ó,€495€S.W.2d€190,€195€(Tenn.€1973).€€The€record€before€us€fails€toÏestablish€the€date€on€which€the€book€was€first€distributed€in€Davidson€County.€€Thus,€we€areÏunable€to€discern€whether€or€not€the€statute€of€limitations€has€run.€€ÌÌà àAn€essential€element€of€a€cause€of€action€for€defamation€is€a€false€and€defamatoryÏstatement€which€the€plaintiff€must€prove.€€òòò òStones€River€Motors,€Inc.€v.€Mid„SouthÏPublishing€Co.óóó ó,€651€S.W.2d€713,€717€(Tenn.€App.€1983).€€Appellant€has€submitted€noÏmaterials€as€identified€in€Rule€56.03€T.R.C.P.€establishing€that€the€references€in€the€book€areÏuntrue€and/or€how€such€defames€her€character€and€diminishes€her€reputation.€€Appellant€has€failedÏto€state€a€claim€for€defamation.€€A€summary€judgment€was,€therefore,€properly€entered.€€ÌÌà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€hereby€affirmed€in€all€respects€and€this€causeÏdismissed.€€Costs€are€taxed€to€Sophia€Joanne€Gibbons,€for€which€execution€may€issue€ifÏnecessary.ÌÌÓ` Ü` È“XÓÓÓà à___________________________________Ìà àFARMER,€J.ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌCRAWFORD,€P.J.,€W.S.€(Concurs)ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌWILLIAMS,€Sp.€J.€(Concurs)