ÿWPCÁ  €p+,¸Ô–•éÚÆ}Á[ÿظ¬ÚƒÞA%÷´5|ʇº†`ŸœÒ€`Bïñ'1Óñk*wƒ¡€_»_®›sö¡ÿ¹yÕ\÷>Uwl„O®Ñ¥¸#ÅÌå) $mœ³Ïª²‡kž-ö¯ŠýìÔˆw¢jš>ò‰.*jxÿ` `€€@E` 8ttxP@?ð È tß›ñ‰ñà@  êàIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÌà@¦¦(êàAT€NASHVILLEó óÔ€XŸ„X¼¼öBԈР ÐÌÌÌÌSTEVEN€MEREDITH€GARMON,à 8 àà  à)Ð È À Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ìà Ø àPlaintiff/Appellant,à à àà 8 àà  à)Ð ”Œ Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àAppeal€No.Ð zr  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è à01„A„01„9803„CH„00132Ð `X  ÐVS.à Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ð F>  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àDavidson€ChanceryÐ ,$  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àNo.€96„1749„IÐ   ÐFISK€UNIVERSITY,à à àà 8 àà  à)à è àà @ àà ˜ àà ð àà H! àà  # àÐ øð  ÐHENRY€PONDER,€PRESIDENT,à 8 àà  à)Ð ÞÖ  ÐREAVIS€L.€MITCHELL,€DEAN€OFà  à)Рļ ÐACADEMIC€AFFAIRS,à à àà 8 àà  à)Ð ª¢ Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ìà Ø àDefendants/Appellees.à 8 àà  à)Ð vn ÐÌÌà@U U êàAPPEALED€FROM€THE€CHANCERY€COURT€OF€DAVIDSON€COUNTYˆÌà@#êàAT€NASHVILLE,€TENNESSEEˆÌÌà@è è êàTHE€HONORABLE€œIRVIN€H.€KILCREASE,€JR.,€CHANCELLOR›ˆÌÌÌÌÌKENT€M.€WEEKSÌ2021€Richard€Jones€Road,€Suite€350ÌNashville,€Tennessee€37215Ìà Ø àAttorney€for€Plaintiff/AppellantÌÌSUZETTE€PEYTONÌ5317€Ashlawn€DriveÌNashville,€Tennessee€37211ÌÌRICHARD€MANSONÌ1314€Fifth€Avenue€North,€Suite€300ÌNashville,€Tennessee€37208Ìà Ø àAttorneys€for€Defendants/AppelleesÌÌÌÌà@  êàAFFIRMED€IN€PART;€REVERSED€IN€PART;ˆÌà@££(êà€AND€REMANDEDˆÌÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àà è àBEN€H.€CANTRELLÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àà è àPRESIDING€JUDGE,€M.S.ÌÌCONCUR:ÌKOCH,€J.ÌCOTTRELL,€J.ÌÓÓò òÔ€„Ìf„XXŸ„Ôòòà@tt(êàO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óÔ€XŸ„X„„ÌfԈРš:’39 Їà Ø àà 0 àA€œwhite€college›€professor€denied€tenure€sued€his€university€employer€forÏbreach€of€contract€and€racial€discrimination.€€The€œChancery›€Court€of€Davidson€CountyÏdismissed€both€claims.€€We€reverse€the€judgment€dismissing€the€contract€claim€andÏaffirm€the€ruling€on€the€discrimination€claim.ÌÌà@²²-êàò òI.ó óˆÐ ü  Ðà Ø àà 0 àMeredith€Garmon,€a€graduate€of€the€University€of€Virginia€with€a€doctorððsÏdegree€in€philosophy,€was€employed€by€Fisk€University€on€a€œfour€year€tenure›€track€inÏ1992.€€The€university€renewed€his€contract€in€œ1993€and›€œ1994›€œfor›€the€academic€œyears›Ïthat€followed.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àTenure€at€œFisk›€is€governed€by€the€œFaculty›€œHandbook.›€€In€accordanceÏwith€the€œhandbook,›€the€œdean›€of€œacademic›€œaffairs›€notified€Dr.€Garmon€on€October€18,Ï1994€that€his€probationary€period€would€expire€at€the€end€of€the€œ1995„96›€academicÏyear€and€that€he€needed€to€begin€the€year„long€application€process€immediately.€€TheÏprocess€included€the€preparation€of€a€dossier€by€Dr.€Garmon€containing€theÏinformation€set€out€in€the€œhandbook.›€€Dr.€Garmon€delivered€the€dossier€to€the€firstÏreviewing€committee€on€February€14,€1995.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€œfaculty›€œhandbook›€says€that€consideration€for€tenure€shall€be€basedÏon€teaching,€scholarship€other€than€teaching,€service,€and€institutional€need.€€TheÏreview€process€goes€through€several€stages.€€œThe›€first€stage€is€a€review€by€the€SearchÏand€Review€Committee€composed€of€the€division€chairperson,€two€senior€facultyÏmembers,€a€junior€faculty€member,€and€a€student.€€The€Search€and€ReviewÏCommittee€makes€a€written€recommendation€to€the€Committee€on€Promotion€andÏœTenure,›€composed€of€five€tenured€full€professors€elected€by€the€faculty.€€ThatÏcommittee€makes€a€recommendation€to€the€œdean›€of€œacademic›€œaffairs,›€who€in€turnÏâ âforwards€the€recommendations€of€the€two€committees,€along€with€his€ownÐ ˜706 Ðrecommendation,€to€the€president€of€the€university.€€The€president€recommendsÏtenure€to€the€œboard›€of€œtrustees.›Ìâ âÌà Ø àà 0 àDr.€Garmonððs€application€passed€through€the€two€committees€with€aÏunanimous€recommendation€for€tenure.€€The€œdean›€of€œacademic›€œaffairs,›€however,Ïrejected€the€recommendation€on€the€basis€of€institutional€need.€€œHe›€stated€that€heÏrelied€on€the€University€Fact€œBookñ}ñ,ñ}ñ›€œwhich›€showed€there€were€only€three€studentsÏmajoring€in€religious€and€philosophical€studies,€the€department€in€which€Dr.€GarmonÏwas€employed.€€Since€that€department€already€had€one€tenured€professor,€the€deanÏdecided€not€to€recommend€tenure€for€another.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€œfact›€œbook›€showed€that€the€department€had€never€had€more€thanÏseven€majors,€and€the€average€for€the€five€years€ending€in€1994€was€4.6.€€In€1992,Ïwhen€Dr.€Garmon€was€hired€on€a€tenure€track,€the€number€was€five.€€In€a€letterÏaddressed€to€the€dean€on€œMay›€1,€1995,€œjust€four€days€before€the€dean€rejected€Dr.ÏGarmonððs€application,€the›€division€head€reported€that€the€number€of€majors€in€theÏdepartment€was€ten.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àBefore€acting€on€Dr.€Garmonððs€request€for€œtenure,›€the€œacademic›€œdean›Ïrequested€some€more€information€from€the€head€of€the€division€of€Humanities€andÏFine€Arts.€€The€head€of€the€division€responded€œone›€day€before€the€dean€had€to€makeÏhis€recommendation€to€the€president.€€The€letter€reported€that€Dr.€Garmon€wasÏteaching€less€than€a€full€load€and€that€the€projected€teaching€load€for€the€fall€semesterÏwas€the€same.€€Dr.€Garmon€was€not€given€the€chance€to€refute€that€œevidence€and€the›€Ïœevidence›€at€the€trial€showed€that€he€had€taught€a€full€load€every€œsemester.€€TheÐ ¨9 26 Ðuniversity€president€relied€solely€on€the€negative€recommendation€of€the€academicÏdean€in€making€his€recommendation€to€the€board€of€trustees.ÌÌ›à Ø àà 0 àAfter€learning€that€his€request€for€tenure€had€been€turned€down,€Dr.ÏGarmon€requested€reconsideration.€€He€also€filed€a€grievance€with€the€UniversityÏGrievance€Committee€as€provided€in€the€œfaculty›€œhandbook.›€€The€dean€stopped€anyÏreconsideration€when€Dr.€Garmon€filed€the€grievance,€and€he€ignored€theÏrecommendation€of€the€grievance€committee€that€Dr.€Garmonððs€application€be€re„¼evaluated.€€Dr.€Garmon€taught€one€more€year€at€Fisk€and€left€when€the€universityÏfailed€to€renew€his€contract.ÌÌà@––-êàò òII.ó óˆÐ ¨  Ðà@ee%êàò òBreach€of€Contractó óˆÐ ˆ€ Ðà Ø àà 0 àœTenure›€in€most€public€institutions€of€higher€learning€is€governed€byÏstatute,€òòsee€e.g.óó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€49„8„301,€et€seq.€€œ€The›€tenure€rights€of€teachersÐ H!@ Ðat€private€œinstitutions,€however,€are›€governed€by€contract,€òòSawyer€v.€Merceróó,€594Ð (#  ÐS.W.2d€696€(Tenn.€1980),€and€since€the€contracts€vary€from€one€institution€to€another,Ïtenure€rights€have€to€be€decided€on€a€case€by€case€basis.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àIn€this€case€the€contract€with€Dr.€Garmon€began€with€an€offer€on€JuneÏ19,€1992€when€the€then€œdean›€of€œacademic›€œaffairs›€wrote€to€him€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àI€am€delighted€at€your€decision€to€œjoin€the›€FiskÏfaculty.€€This€letter€is€to€summarize€the€terms€of€yourÏappointment€as€approved€by€President€Ponder€andÏconveyed€in€our€recent€discussions.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àYou€are€to€be€appointed€Assistant€Professor€ofÏPhilosophy,€effective€August€19,€1992.€€Your€assignmentÏwill€include€teaching€duties€in€the€Department€of€ReligiousÏand€Philosophical€Studies,€and€you€are€also€appointed€toÏthe€core€Faculty.€€Depending€on€institution€need€asÏdetermined€in€my€office€each€term,€it€is€anticipated€thatÏyour€teaching€assignment€will€normally€include€one€orÏmore€courses€in€the€Universityððs€Core€Curriculum.Ш9 260 ¤0 ¤ Їà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àYour€initial€salary€is€to€be€$28,000€for€the€academicÏyear€(August€19€through€May€31),€plus€normal€UniversityÏbenefits.€€œThis›€is€a€probationary€(i.e.€tenure€track)Ïappointment.€€Assigned€probationary€period€is€four€years,Ïending€in€1995„96.€€Under€our€policies,€a€four„yearÏprobationary€appointment€calls€for€a€University€decisionÏregarding€award€of€tenure€to€be€rendered€prior€to€the€endÏof€your€third€yearððs€employment€(i.e.€by€May€31,€1995),Ïpresuming€that€you€and€we€mutually€agree€to€annualÏcontract€renewals€to€carry€you€to€that€date.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àIf€the€foregoing€terms€are€acceptable€to€you,€youÏmay€so€indicate€by€signing€in€the€space€provided€below,Ïreturning€one€copy€of€this€letter€to€my€office€and€retainingÏthe€other€for€your€own€records.€€I€will€then€ask€theÏBusiness€Office€to€prepare€your€formal€faculty€contract€forÏthe€Presidentððs€signature.€€œThis›€appointment€letter€must,Ïhowever,€be€signed€and€received€in€œmy›€office€no€laterÏthan€June€30,€1992;€after€that€date€the€appointment€canÏno€longer€be€guaranteed,€and€Fisk€must€reserve€the€rightÏto€offer€this€position€to€another€candidate.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌÌÌÓÓà Ø àà 0 àObviously€Dr.€Garmon€accepted€the€œproposal,›€and€œhe€began›€teachingÏin€the€fall€of€1992.€€The€œparties€agree€that€the€faculty›€œhandbook›€contains€the€factorsÏthe€university€considers€for€tenure.€€It€also€outlines€the€procedure:ÌÓÓà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à2.à ˆ àAn€evaluation€for€promotion€and€tenureÐ (#  Ðconsideration€is€more€searching€and€thorough€than€theÏroutine€yearly€evaluation€which€all€faculty€undergo.€€œThis›Ïis€accomplished€through€the€role€of€two€committees€„€theÏdivisional€Search€and€Review€Committee€and€theÏCommittee€on€Promotion€and€Tenure.€€œThe›€Committee€onÏPromotion€and€Tenure€is€a€five„person€committeeÏcomposed€of€tenured€full€professors€who€are€elected€toÏthe€committee€by€the€Faculty€Assembly.€€The€purpose€ofÏthe€Committee€on€Promotion€and€Tenure€is€to€makeÏrecommendations€of€promotion€and€tenure€to€the€dean.à @X àÐ 0 ¤0 ¤ Ðà Ø àà 0 àÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à3.à ˆ àThe€procedure€followed€during€an€evaluation€forÐ h.`'* Ðpromotion€and€tenure€is€as€follows:Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àa.à0ˆ0 ¤0 ¤àThe€divisional€Search€and€Review€CommitteeÐ 810*- Ðarrives€at€a€divisional€decision.Ð ˆ¤ˆ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àb.à0ˆ0 ¤0 ¤àThe€division€director€writes€a€letter€to€the€dean€ofÐ 4-0 Ðacademic€affairs€and€to€the€Committee€onÏPromotion€and€Tenure,€communicating€theÏdivisional€decision€and€summarizing€the€evidenceÏsupporting€it;€this€letter€should€indicate€anyÏâ âdivergence€of€opinion€within€the€Search€andÐ ¸8°15 ÐReview€Committee,€and€should€be€signed€by€eachÏmember€of€that€committee.Ð ˆ¤ˆ¤ Ðâ âÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àc.à0ˆ0 ¤0 ¤àThe€Committee€on€Promotion€and€Tenure€willÐ Ø Ð Ðstudy€the€recommendations€of€the€Search€andÏReview€Committees.€€Cases€in€which€theÏCommittee€on€promotion€and€Tenure€feels€anÏinadequate€review€has€been€made€will€be€referredÏback€to€the€Search€and€Review€Committee€forÏfurther€work.€€If€the€Promotion€and€TenureÏcommittee€decides€to€make€a€recommendation€toÏthe€dean€which€differs€from€that€of€the€Search€andÏReview€Committee,€the€Promotion€and€TenureÏcommittee€will€initiate€a€meeting€with€the€SearchÏand€Review€Committee€to€discuss€theseÏdifferences€before€final€decision€on€whatÏrecommendation€to€pass€on€to€the€dean.€€ThisÏrecommendation€is€to€reflect€any€differenceÏbetween€the€Promotion€and€Tenure€CommitteeÏand€the€Search€and€Review€committee.Ð ˆ¤ˆ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àd.à0ˆ0 ¤0 ¤àThe€Committee€on€promotion€and€Tenure€willÐ ¸° Ðmake€its€recommendation€to€the€dean,€who€in€turnÏmakes€a€recommendation€to€the€president€forÏaction.Ð ˆ¤ˆ¤ ÐÌÌÌÓÓà Ø àà 0 àAs€we€have€œindicated,›€Dr.€Garmonððs€request€for€tenure€was€rejectedÏsolely€on€the€basis€of€institutional€need.€€œWith›€respect€to€that€factor€the€œhandbook›Ïsays:ÌÓÓà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à4.à ˆ àò òInstitutional€needó ó€refers€to€the€requirement€thatÐ è&à" Ðthe€institution€operate€an€educational€program€consistentÏwith€its€statement€of€purpose€and€within€its€financialÏresources.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌÌÌÓÓà Ø àà 0 àœHow€does€this€vague€provision€apply€to€a€tenure€candidate€who€has€metÏall€the€other€requirements?€€In›€òòœChapdelaine›€v.€Torrenceóó,€532€S.W.2d€542€(Tenn.Ð X/P(+ Ð1975),€a€tenured€teacher€(under€a€statutory€scheme)€was€œdischarged,›€and€theÏuniversity€defended€on€the€ground€œthat›€its€budgetary€limitations€œrequired›€a€reductionÏin€force.€€œThe›€Supreme€œCourt›€recognized€that€economic€necessity€could€justifyÏdismissing€tenured€teachers€but€that€ð ðthe€burden€was€on€the€[university]€to€show€thatÏtheir€actions€were€fair€and€conformed€to€the€tone€and€tenor€of€the€tenure€laws.ðð€€532Ð ¸8°15 ÐS.W.2d€at€549.€€In€this€case€we€think€the€same€rule€applies€to€the€denial€of€tenure€onÏthe€basis€of€ð ðinstitutional€need.ðð€€The€university€has€the€burden€of€showing€byÏcompetent€proof€how€the€institutional€need€has€changed€since€Dr.€Garmon€was€hiredÏon€a€tenure€track.€€œOtherwise,€after€three€years€of€pursuing€tenure€according€to€theÏpublished€criteria,€the€tenure€candidate€is€at€the€mercy€of›€the€œacademic›€dean€or€theÏpresident.€€The€ð ðtone€and€tenorðð€of€the€contract€in€this€case€does€not€allow€œsuchÏarbitrary€action.›ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€only€proof€in€this€record€of€the€institutional€need€shows€that€thereÏhave€been€no€significant€changes€since€Dr.€Garmon€was€hired€in€1992.€€The€recordÏdoes€not€indicate€that€the€university€was€in€a€financial€crisis€„„€or€even€how€tenureÏwould€affect€the€universityððs€financial€health.€€The€record€is€inconclusive€on€theÏnumber€of€majors€in€Dr.€Garmonððs€department€„„€the€one€statistic€the€academic€deanÏsays€he€relied€on.€€From€the€evidence,€one€could€conclude€that€the€department€hadÏfrom€three€to€ten€majors€at€the€time€of€the€decision€to€deny€tenure.€€At€the€time€Dr.ÏGarmon€was€hired€the€number€was€apparently€five.€€The€witnesses€all€testified€thatÏit€was€nearly€impossible€to€pin€down€the€number€of€majors€in€a€department€at€anyÏparticular€time.€€Students€tend€to€change€majors€œoften,›€and€the€universityððs€recordsÏwere€always€slow€in€catching€up.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àœBut€we€should€also€recognize€that€Dr.€Garmon€was€hired€to€teach€theÏcore€curriculum€also.€€There€is€no€proof€concerning€the€needs€of€the€school€as€aÏwhole.€€ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àWere›€this€a€question€of€Dr.€Garmonððs€qualifications€we€would€be€veryÏcareful€not€to€œsecond€guess€the€teaching€professionals.›€€ð ðDeterminations€about€suchÏmatters€as€teaching€ability,€research€scholarship,€and€professional€œstature›€areÏsubjective,€and€unless€they€can€be€shown€to€have€been€used€as€the€mechanism€toÐ ¨9 26 Ðobscure€discrimination,€they€must€be€left€for€evaluation€by€the€professionals€.€.€.€.ðð€ÏòòœKunda›€v.€œMuhlenberg›€Collegeóó,€621€F.œ2d›€532€at€548€œ(3rd›€Cir.€1980).Ð èà ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àWe€conclude€that€the€university€failed€to€show€a€valid€reason€for€denyingÏtenure€to€Dr.€Garmon.ÌÌà@zz,êàò òIII.ˆÐ H@  Ðà@&&%êàRace€Discriminationó óˆÐ (  Ðà Ø àà 0 àDr.€Garmon€also€sued€œfor€a›€violation€of€the€Tennessee€Human€RightsÏAct,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€4„21„101,€et€seq.€and€the€federal€Civil€Rights€Act,€œ42›€œUSC›€œððÏ1981,›€et€seq.€€He€alleged€that€he€was€denied€tenure€because€of€his€race.€€AfterÏhearing€the€œproof,›€the€trial€judge€found€that€the€evidence€preponderated€against€aÏfinding€of€racial€discrimination€and€in€favor€of€a€finding€that€the€denial€was€groundedÏon€institutional€need.€€That€finding€is€presumed€to€be€correct.€€œRule›€13(d),€Tenn.€R.ÏApp.€Proc.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àDr.€Garmon€cites€the€various€tests€to€determine€whether€a€prima€facieÏcase€of€discrimination€has€been€made€out€and€the€burden€shifting€rules€applied€inÏdiscrimination€cases.€€òòSee€œMcDonnell›€Douglas€œCorp.›€v.€Greenóó,€411€U.S.€792€(1973);Ð È(À!$ ÐòòTexas€Department€of€Community€Affairs€v.€œBurdine›óó,€450€U.S.€248€œ(1981),›€and€ourÐ ¨* #& Ðcases€of€òòœMangrum›€v.€Wal„Mart€Stores,€Inc.,óó€950€S.W.2d€33€(Tenn.€App.€1997)€andÐ ˆ,€%( ÐòòœBrenner›€v.€œTextron›€œAerostructures›óó,€874€œS.W.2d›€579€(Tenn.€App.€1993).€€But€we€areÐ h.`'* Ðbeyond€the€summary€judgment€stage;€we€are€at€the€point€of€deciding€whether€Dr.ÏGarmon€carried€his€burden€of€showing€that€the€reason€he€was€denied€tenure€was€inÏfact€racial€discrimination.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àDr.€Garmon€points€to€several€factors€that€tend€to€support€his€claim:€thatÏeighty„seven€percent€of€the€tenure€awards€in€the€period€of€1989„1995€went€to€œAfrican„›Ð ¨9 26 ÐAmericans;€that€the€only€person€granted€tenure€in€1995€was€an€œAfrican„American›Ïmale€who€had€been€denied€tenure€earlier€and€had€less€than€unanimous€support€in€theÏreviewing€committees;€that€two€white€applicants€with€better€credentials€(himselfÏincluded)€were€denied€tenure€in€1995;€that€the€œprevious€academic€dean€testified€thatÏhe€and€the€president›€of€the€university€œroutinely€discussed›€race€as€a€factor€in€makingÏpromotion€and€tenure€decisions.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àœThe›€president€and€the€œcurrent€academic›€dean€œboth€denied›€making€race„¼based€decisions€in€hiring€and€tenure,€and€we€should€point€out€that€one€of€theÏapplicants€denied€tenure€in€1995€was€an€African€American€woman.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àœWith€the€testimony€in€conflict,€the€trial€judgeððs€finding€necessarilyÏinvolved€a€determination€of€the€academic€deanððs€credibility.€€That€determination€isÏexclusively€for€the€trial€court,€unless€other€real€evidence€compels€a€contraryÏconclusion.€€òòState€ex€rel€Balsinger€v.€Town€of€Madisonvilleóó,€435€S.W.2d€803€(Tenn.Ð H!@ Ð1968).ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àWe€do€not€find€that€the€evidence€in€the€record€preponderates€against€theÏtrial€judgeððs€conclusion€that€the€decision€to€deny€tenure€to€Dr.€Garmon€was€based€onÏconsiderations€other€than€race.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àAlthough€we€have€found€that€institutional€need€was€not€proven€to€be€aÏvalid€reason€to€deny€Dr.€Garmon€tenure,€it€does€not€follow€as€a€matter€of€course€thatÏrace€was€the€real€reason.€€Even€if€ð ðthe€proferred€reason€was€false€does€notÏnecessarily€mean€that€the€true€motive€was€the€illegal€one€argued€by€the€plaintiff.ðð€ÏòòFisher€v.€Vassar€Collegeóó,€114€F.3d€1332€(2nd€Cir.€1997).€€Each€case€must€beÐ è5à.2 Ðexamined€on€its€facts€to€determine€where€the€preponderance€liesñtñ.ñtñ€ñuñ€ñuñWe€are€satisfiedÏthat€the€trial€judge€made€the€proper€finding.›Ð ¨9 26 Їà@‹‹-êàò òV.ˆÐ  Ðà@––)êàThe€œRemedyó óˆÐ èà Ðà Ø àà 0 àA€tenured€teacher€dismissed€without€compliance€with€the€tenure€lawsÏmay€be€entitled€to€reinstatement,€back€pay,€and€ð ðother€damages.ðð€€òòSanders€v.€Vinsonóó,Ð ¨   Ð558€S.W.2d€838€(Tenn.€1977).€€The€denial€of€tenure€for€reasons€violating€Title€VII€ofÏthe€Civil€Rights€Act€of€1964€as€amended,€may€result€in€an€award€of€back€pay€andÏreinstatement€along€with€other€equitable€relief.€€òòKunda€v.€Muhlenberg€Collegeóó,€621Ð H@  ÐF.2d€532€at€549€(3rd€Cir.€1980).€€Title€VII€vests€the€courts€with€broad€powers€in€orderÏto€ð ðmake€persons€whole€for€injuries€suffered€on€account€of€unlawful€employmentÏdiscrimination.ðð€€òòId.óó€€Under€our€decisions€the€remedies€for€a€breach€of€an€employmentÐ èà Ðcontract€may€include€reinstatement€and€damages€for€lost€wages.€€òòHooks€v.€Gibsonóó,Ð ÈÀ Ð842€S.W.2d€625€(Tenn.€Apñxñpñxñ.€19ñvñ9ñvññwñ4ñwñ2).ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àWe€think€the€only€judgment€that€would€make€Dr.€Garmon€whole€for€theÏuniversityððs€breach€of€contract€is€an€order€of€reinstatement€with€back€payñyñ,ñyñ€and€a€fairÏconsideration€of€his€application€for€tenure.€€We€realize€that€four€years€have€nowÏelapsed€and€conditions€at€the€university€may€have€changed€dramaticallyñzñ,ñzññ{ñ.ñ{ñ€ñ|ñ€ñ|ñbut€he€isÏentitled€to€a€good€faith€decision€on€his€tenure€application.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€judgment€of€the€court€below€is€reversed€in€part,€affirmed€in€part,€andÏremanded€to€the€Chancery€Court€of€Davidson€County€for€the€entry€of€a€judgment€forÏback€pay€and€for€other€proceedings€in€accordance€with€this€opinion.€€Tax€the€costs€onÏappeal€to€the€appellee€university.›ÌÌÌÓÓà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àœà à à›à 8 àà  à_________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€œÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àPRESIDING€JUDGE,€M.S.›ÌÌÐ ¨9 26 ЇCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌœWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGE›ÌÌÌÌœÌ_____________________________›ÌœPATRICIA€J.€COTTRELL,€JUDGE›ÌÐ  80  ÐÑ  ÑÔ€¼™¼XX‰ Ôò òà@êê.êàœñ~ñIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ  Ðà@™™(êàAT€NASHVILLEñ~ñó óñ~ñÔ€X‰ X¼¼™ÔˆÐ  ÐœÌÌÌSTEVEN€MEREDITH€GARMON,à 8 àà  à)Ð  ü Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ìà Ø àPlaintiff/Appellant,à à àà 8 àà  à)Ð ä Ü Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àAppeal€No.Ð ÔÌ Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è à01„A„01„9803„CH„00132Рļ  ÐVS.à Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ð ´¬  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àDavidson€ChanceryÐ ¤œ  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àNo.€96„1749„IÐ ”Œ  ÐFISK€UNIVERSITY,à à àà 8 àà  à)à è àà @ àà ˜ àà ð àà H! àà  # àÐ „|  ÐHENRY€PONDER,€PRESIDENT,à 8 àà  à)à è àAffirmed€in€Part;Ð tl  ÐREAVIS€L.€MITCHELL,€DEAN€OFà  à)à è àReversed€in€Part;Ð d\ ÐACADEMIC€AFFAIRS,à à àà 8 àà  à)à è àand€RemandedÐ TL Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ìà Ø àDefendants/Appellees.à 8 àà  à)›Ð 4, ÐÌÔ€¼™¼XX‰ Ôò òòòà@uu'êàJ€U€D€G€M€E€N€œTóóó óˆÐ   ЛÌÔ€X‰ X¼¼™ÔÓÓà Ø àà 0 àThis€cause€came€on€to€be€heard€upon€the€record€on€appeal€from€theÐ @8 ÐœChancery€Court›€of€œDavidson€County,›€œand€briefs›€and€argument€of€counsel;€uponÏconsideration€whereof,€this€Court€is€of€the€opinion€that€œthe›€decree€of€the€ChancellorÏœshould€be€affirmed€as€to€the€discrimination€claim€and€reversed€as€to€the€breach€ofÏcontract€claim.€€›€Ìà Ø àà 0 àIn€accordance€with€the€opinion€of€the€Court€filed€herein,€it€is,€therefore,Ïordered€and€decreed€by€this€Court€that€the€decree€œis€affirmed€in€part,€reversed€in€partÏand›€remanded€to€the€œChancery€Court›€of€œDavidson€County›€for€œfurther€proceedingsÏconsistent€with€this€opinion€and›€for€the€collection€of€the€costs€accrued€below.Ìà Ø àà 0 àCosts€of€this€appeal€are€taxed€against€œFisk€University,€et€al.,›€for€whichÏexecution€may€issue€if€necessary.ÌÌÓÓà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àœ______________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€PRESIDING€JUDGE,€M.S.Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 à›ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àœ______________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGE›ÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àœ_____________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àPATRICIA€J.€COTTRELL,€JUDGEñ~ñ›