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X/&24Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ.   CRight ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)3|x <6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXx6X@JQX@( T$   dRC&$(G.2E$ FT!   uXX     0  MARVINBERKELESLIEMcWILLIAMS($   0   VANNLASLEYPINCHAKMcDONALDLUFKINFRIERSONHP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,,,,,,0nLU<09Z .Courier New Regular(3$ F!   XXrXXXXyXXXr   Ad FILEDXXy   March31,1999  CecilCrowson,Jr.X XAppellateCourt  Clerk <( 9Z &Courier Regular m n o ep Iq [r s Et u Ӏ  I I$  %XX     1    ݀_Theseitemsincluded,amongotherthings,twoleatherrecliners, `  oneendtable,_ԢLenox_Ԁchinavaluedat$3,000andcrystalvaluedat$1,500.GGGG'dxd,cAZ"Arial Regular  I$  %XX     2    ݀Inarrivingatthesetotals,wetookintoaccountthevalueof `  maritalassetsreceivedbyeachparty,thedebteachpartywasrequiredtoassumeandanyotherpaymentsorderedbytheTrialCourtincludingtheamountsreceivedbyfilingajointtaxreturn. ]XrXXX]yX]Xr   Ad FILED]]y   March24,1999  CecilCrowson,Jr.] ]AppellateCourt  Clerk ((3z$ FT!     0  .($$  0  ,cAZ"Arial RegularRC<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd FT!   o o o o _  7XXdXXd7TR[A'Legal3'A' Legal3'T`   XTXXXXu u u rSW<,(j 8 `@Ef  tt0"H` ru   rZW<,(j 8 `@Ef  tt0"H` r u u @LLINTHECOURTOFAPPEALS@$ATKNOXVILLEDAVIDHILL@*@@*)  _ԢHAMBLEN_ԀCOUNTY @ @*)  03A019804CV00127 h    PlaintiffAppellee@*) 0     `  @*)   p    Ѐ h @*)   `    v.@*)  HON._ԢKINDALL_ԀT.LAWSON, (  @*)  JUDGE P  Ѐ@*)     PAMELA_ԢGAYE_ԀHILL@*)     @*)  AFFIRMEDASMODIFIED  H    DefendantAppellant@*)  ANDREMANDED   p DENISETERRYSTAPLETONOF_ԢMORRISTOWN_ԀFORAPPELLANTMARTHA_ԢMEARES_ԀandANNET._ԢMcCOLGAN_ԀOF_ԢMARYVILLE_@$OPINION !8    `     h      p   QXXXTX_ԢGoddard_,_ԢP.J._Ԁ % $    ` PamelaGayHillappealsadivorcejudgmentrenderedbythe_ԢHamblin_ԀCountyCircuitCourt.Ms.Hillraisesthreeissuesonappeal:  ISSUEONE    ` TheTrialJudgeerredinnotconsideringevidenceontheissueofalimony.  ISSUETWO$    ` TheTrialJudgeerredinmechanicallydividingthemaritalpropertyinproportiontodebtsassumedbytheparties. <;1>   ISSUETHREE_U    ` TheTrialCourterredinallowingstandard,unsupervisedvisitationwiththehusband.   ` ThepartiesmarriedonMay27,1992,inMyrtleBeach,SouthCarolina._ԢLizabeth_Ԁ_ԢPaige_ԀHill,agefouratthetimeoftrial,istheonlychildborntothismarriage.   ` Ms.HillisagraduateoftheUniversityofTennesseewithadegreeinsocialwork.Duringthecourseofthemarriage,Ms.Hill_occasionally_Ԁworkedinretail.In1997,Ms.Hillearned$7,700fromvariousjobs.Atthetimeoftrial,Ms.HillworkedasasocialworkerfortheStateofTennesseewithDouglasCherokeeEconomicAuthority.Ms.HillspositionwithDouglasCherokeepaidanannualsalaryof$13,000.Ms.Hillmadeplanstoattendvideoreportingschoolafterherdivorceandinvestigatedobtainingaloantopurchaseequipmenttostartsuchabusiness.   ` Mr.HilliscurrentlyemployedincommercialrealestatemanagementwithMelrosePlace,Ltd.Mr.Hillsannualbasesalaryis$47,000,butMr.Hillsgrossincomecanbesubstantiallyincreasedbyendoftheyearbonuses.Mr.Hillreceivedabonusinthenetamountof$8,100in1997.   ` Mr.HillfiledacomplaintforabsolutedivorceonFebruary6,1997.OnFebruary19,1997,Ms.Hillfiledheranswerandcountercomplaintforanabsolutedivorce.ThecauseofactionwasheardonFebruary2,1998,intheCircuitCourtfor_ԢHamblen_ԀCounty.Duringpreliminarymatters,Mr.Hilldismissed 9|0: hiscomplaintandstipulatedthedivorcetoMs.Hillbaseduponthecountercomplaint.   ` Duringthehearing,Ms.Hillsoughttotrytheissueofalimony.Mr.Hillobjectedonthebasisthattheanswerandcounterclaimonlycontainedprovisionsseeking_pendente_Ԁlitesupport.Referringtothepleadings,theTrialCourtruledthattheissueofalimonyshouldnotbetriedbecauseitwasnotspecificallyplead.Ms.Hillreservedherrighttomakeanofferofproofontheneedforalimony.   ` Ms.HilltestifiedattrialthatMr.HilldisplayedaggressivebehaviorandinappropriatelanguagetowardsMs.Hill.Ms.Hillalsoalleged_that_Ԁtheseactionsoccurredinthepresenceoftheirdaughteronseveral_occasions_.Forthesereasons,Ms.HillsoughtrestrictionsonMr.Hillsvisitationwith_their_daughter.Mr.Hilltestifiedthatthisbehavioraroseoutofdifficultyinexercisingvisitationwithhisdaughter.̀  :04    ` OnApril6,1998,theTrialCourtgrantedthepartiesanabsolutedivorce.InitsFinalJudgmentofDivorce,theTrialCourtsetoutastandard,unsupervisedvisitationscheduleforMr.Hill.TheTrialCourtalsoestablishedtransportationarrangements,communicationspecifics,andbehaviorrequirementsforeachparent.̀   ` __TheTrialJudgealsoapprovedasubmittedagreementregardingtheresponsibilityofdebtsinhisFinalJudgement.Heattributedliabilityof$9,164.00toMr.Hill.HealsorequiredMr.Hilltopay$597fortheparties1996propertytaxes,$2,807.50toMs.Hillforattorneyfees,and$2,000toMs.Hillasherportionofataxrefund.Mr.Hillwasawardedallofhisseparateproperty,hisretirement401kaccountintheamountof$11,449.01,aswellashis$8,100bonus.   ` Ms.Hillwasrequiredtoassumedebtsofthepartiesintheamountof$3,822.Ms.Hillwasawardedallofherseparatepropertybroughtintothemarriage,allothermaritalproperty,andaStateFarmLifeInsurancePolicyvaluedbytheTrialCourtat$3,500.TheTrialCourtestimatedthevalueofallmaritalassetsawardedtoMs.Hillat$10,945.AftertheTrialJudgerenderedhisdecision,Ms.Hillmadeanofferofprooftoestablishherneedforalimony.  `6-0    ` OnApril13,1998,Ms.HillfiledaNoticeofAppealrequestingreviewoftheissuesofrehabilitativealimony,divisionofmaritalassetsanddebts,andvisitation.    ` OurreviewofcasestriedwithoutajuryisdenovoupontherecordwithapresumptionofcorrectnessasmandatedbyRule13(d)oftheTennesseeRulesofAppellateProcedure.ThisRulerequiresustoupholdthefactualfindingsofthetrialcourtunlesstheevidencepreponderatesagainstthem._ԢCampanali_ ` v._ԢCampanali_,695S.W.2d193(_ԢTenn.Ct.App_.1985). @   A.   `    ` Ms.HillsfirstissueonappealisthattheTrialCourterredinrefusingtoconsidertheissueofalimonyortopermithertoamendhercomplaint.Shestatedinherpleadings Husband/CounterDefendantisabletoprovideareasonableamountoftemporaryspousalsupporttoWife....WHEREFORE,Wife/CounterPlaintiffPrays:...[o o o o t]hato o o o Husband/CounterDefendantberequiredtopaytemporaryspousalsupport.Furthermore,TennesseeCodeAnnotated365101(d)(1)states [i]tistheintentofthegeneralassemblythataspousewhoiseconomicallydisadvantaged,relativetotheotherspouse,berehabilitatedwheneverpossiblebythegrantingofanorderforpaymentofrehabilitative,temporarysupportandmaintenance.Inherappellatebrief,Ms.Hillarguesthatherallegationinthecomplaintmeetstherequirementofthestatute.Whilewedo  :04 believethatMs.Hillcouldhavebeenclearerinseekingrehabilitativealimony,wecannotagreewiththeTrialCourtthatMs.Hilldidnotaskforrehabilitativealimonyinthepleadings.   ` Furthermore,Rule15oftheTennesseeRulesofCivilProcedureprovidesinrelevantpart:Apartymayamendtheparty'spleadingsonceasamatterofcourseatanytimebeforearesponsivepleadingisserved....Otherwiseapartymayamendtheparty'spleadingsonlybywrittenconsentoftheadversepartyorbyleaveofcourt;andleaveshallbefreelygivenwhenjusticesorequires.###Tenn.R.Civ.P.15.01.Afteraresponsivepleadinghasbeenserved,thedenialofamotiontoamendthepleadingslieswithinthesounddiscretionofthetrialcourtandwillnotbereversedabsentashowingofanabuseofthatdiscretion.Hallv.Shelby #@ CountyRetirementBd.,922S.W.2d543,546 %  (Tenn.Ct.App.1995)(citingMerrimanv.Smith,599S.W.2d548,559 `'  (Tenn.Ct.App.1979);Welchv.Thuan,882S.W.2d792,793 @)" (Tenn.Ct.App.1994)).Thereareseveralconsiderationsatrialjudgeshouldevaluateindeterminingwhethertograntordenyamotiontoamend.Amongthesefactorsareanunduedelayinfiling,lackofnoticetotheopposingparty,badfaithbythemovingparty,repeatedfailuretocuredeficienciesbypreviousamendments,undueprejudicetotheopposingparty,andfutilityofamendment.Welch,882S.W.2dat793(citingMerriman,599 `6-0 S.W.2dat559).  :04    ` Inlightoftheforegoingfactors,evenifMs.Hillspleadingsfailedtorequestrehabilitativealimony,thereisnojustificationfortheTrialCourtsdenialofMs.Hillsmotiontoamend.ThepleadingsclearlyplacedMr.HillonnoticethatMs.Hillwasseekingspousalsupport;therefore,Mr.Hillwouldinnowaybeprejudicedbyallowingamendmenttoclarifythepleadings.̀   ` Fortheforegoingreasons,justicedemandsthatwe ` remandthisissuetotheTrialJudgeforhimtodeterminewhetherrehabilitativealimonyisappropriateandifsotheamountanddurationthereof.  B. ,   ` Ms.HillssecondissueonappealisthattheTrialCourterredinmechanicallydividingthemaritalpropertyinproportiontodebtsassumedbytheparties.Furthermore,Ms.HillallegesthattheTrialCourterredinawardingMr.HillsϢ401kretirementplanandthe$8,100bonustohim.   ` Trialcourtshavewidediscretionconcerningthedivisionofthepartiesmaritalestate.Wallacev.Wallace,733 2@), S.W.2d102(_ԢTenn.Ct.App_.1987).Moreover,adivisionofmaritalpropertybythetrialcourtisentitledtogreatweightonappeal,andispresumedproperunlesstheevidencepreponderatesotherwise._ԢBatson_Ԁv._ԢBatson_,769S.W.2d849(_ԢTenn.Ct.App_.1988);  :04 Lancasterv.Lancaster,671S.W.2d501(_ԢTenn.Ct.App_.1984).As `  withalimony,suchfindingsbythetrialcourtwillnotbedisturbedonappealunlessitsdiscretionhasbeenmanifestlyabusedanditsconclusionsregardingpropertydivisionresultinmanifestinjustice.Ingramv.Ingram,721S.W.2d262  (Tenn.Ct.App.1986);Butlerv.Butler,680S.W.2d467 `  (Tenn.Ct.App.1984).Furthermore,suchdivisionsofpropertydonotnecessarilyneedtobeequalinordertobeequitable._ԢMondelli_Ԁv.Howard,780S.W.2d769(_ԢTenn.Ct.App_.1989). `    ` Inthecaseathand,theFinalJudgmentofDivorceawardedallmaritalpropertyremaininginthemaritalhometoMs.Hill._ԢV K   1      ףTheTrialCourtvaluedthispropertyat$7,445.The  TrialCourtalsoawardedMs.Hillalifeinsurancepolicyvaluedat$3,500whichincreasesthetotalvalueofthemaritalpropertyawardedherto$10,945.Inthepartiesagreementastothedivisionofmaritaldebt,Ms.Hillwasrequiredtoassumedebtsintheamountof$3,822.   ` Conversely,theTrialCourtawardedMr.Hillhis1998bonuswhichnetted$8,100aftertaxesandallofhis401kretirementplanvaluedat$11,449.01._ThetotalvalueofthemaritalpropertyawardedtoMr.Hillis$19,549.Mr.Hillwasheldliableformaritaldebtsintheamountof$9,164. `6-0    ` Inanefforttoestablishanequitabledivision,theTrialCourtorderedMr.HilltopayMs.Hillsattorneyfeeswhichamountedto$2,807.50andthepropertytaxesdueonthemaritalhomefor1996whichamountedto$597.50.Furthermore,theTrialCourtorderedthepartiestofileajointtaxreturn.Ms.Hilltestifiedthatshewouldreceiveataxrefundofbetween$2,000and$2,500forfilingseparatelyfromMr.Hill.Ontheotherhand,Mr.Hilltestifiedthathewouldliableforanother$2,500ifthepartiesfiledseparatetaxreturns.Mr.Hillfurthertestifiedthathewouldreceivea$200refundifthepartiesfiledajointtaxreturn.Afterhearingthistestimony,theTrialCourtorderedthepartiestofilejointlyandfurthermoreorderedMr.HilltopayMs.Hill$2,000forthemoneyshewouldhavereceivedforfilingseparately.Accordingtoourcalculations,Mr.Hillsavedapproximately$700forfilingajointreturn,whilefilingajointreturncostMs.Hillupto$500.   ` Also,accordingtoourcalculations,Mr.Hillreceived$7,680fromthedivisionofthemaritalpropertywhileMs.Hillreceived$6,623.Y K   2      ׀Weconcludeunderthefactsofthiscasethat .%( thedivisionofmaritalpropertywasequitable.o o  2@), o o    @ C.<   `    ` Ms.HillalsoallegesthattheTrialCourterredinallowingstandard,unsupervisedvisitationwithMr.Hill.Ms.HillarguesthattheTrialCourtfailedtogiveherevidencetheweightitdeservedinmakingitsdeterminationaboutvisitationanderredbymakingitsdeterminationregardingstandardvisitationbeforealloftheevidencewaspresentedbytheparties.   ` Dealingfirstwiththeevidentiaryissues,Ms.HillallegesthattheTrialCourterredinfailingtoallowintoevidenceanaudiotapecontainingseveralincompleteconversationssplicedontooneaudiotape.TheTrialCourtdidnotexcludethetapedconversationsbetweentheparties,butdidexcludefromadmissionintoevidencethetapeswithincompleteconversationssplicedononetape.AsstatedinRule106oftheTennesseeRulesofEvidence, [o o o o w]heno o o o awritingorrecordedstatementorpartthereofisintroducedbyaparty,anadversepartymayrequiretheintroductionatthattimeofanyotherpartoranyotherwritingorrecordedstatementwhichoughtinfairnesstobeconsideredcontemporaneouslywithit.Asthesewereincompleteportionsofentireconversations,theTrialCourtproperlyexcludedthesplicedaudiotapepursuanttoRule106oftheTennesseeRulesofEvidenceuponMr.Hillsobjection.  :04    ` Ms.HillfurtherallegesthattheTrialCourterredbyexcludingentryintoofevidenceofajournalkeptbyMs.Hillfortwoyears.Mr.Hillobjectedtotheentryintoevidenceofthejournalbecausehehadnotbeenprovidedanopportunitytoreviewthedocument.TheTrialCourtdidallowMs.Hilltorefreshherrecollectionregardingtheincidentsinquestion.Afterreviewingthejournal,Ms.Hillwasabletotestifyfullyandaccuratelyregardingeachsituation.   ` Ms.HillarguesthattheTrialCourtshouldhaveallowedthejournaltobereadintoevidenceaccordingtoRule803(5)oftheTennesseeRulesofEvidencewhichstates: ` (5)RecordedRecollection.Amemorandumorrecordconcerningamatteraboutwhichawitnessoncehadknowledgebutnowhasinsufficientrecollectiontoenablethewitnesstotestifyfullyandaccurately,showntohavebeenmadeoradoptedbythewitnesswhenthematterwasfreshinthewitness'smemoryandtoreflectthatknowledgecorrectly.Ifadmitted,thememorandumorrecordmaybereadintoevidencebutmaynotitselfbereceivedasanexhibitunlessofferedbyanadverseparty.DDDInthecaseathand,Ms.Hillhadtheabilitytotestifyfullyandaccuratelyafterrefreshingherrecollection.Forthisreason,Ms.Hillsjournaldoesnotfallundertherecordedrecollectionhearsayexception.TheTrialCourtproperlyallowedthejournaltobeusedtorefreshrecollectionwhilerefusingtoallowitscontentstobereadintoevidence.   ` Aswithissuesofpropertydivision,atrialcourthaswidediscretioninmattersofcustodyandvisitation;whena  :04 trialcourtdecidesacasewithoutajury,itsfindingsoffactonappealarepresumedtobecorrectunlesstheevidenceintherecordpreponderatesagainstthem._Sherrod_Ԁv._Wix_,849S.W.2d   780(_Tenn.Ct.App_.1992). Inreviewingchildcustodyandvisitationcases,wemustrememberthatthewelfareofthechildhasalwaysbeentheparamountconsideration.Lukev.Luke,651 `  S.W.2d219,221(Tenn.1983).Furthermore,asstatedinGuill @  v.Carr,anunpublisheddecisionofthiscourt,filedin   NashvilleonNovember17,1993:thecourtscustomarilygrantvisitationtothenoncustodialparentaslongastheadvantagestothe_noncustodial_Ԁparentandtothechildcanbefoundtooutweighthedisadvantagestothechild....__ԀThustheprimaryconsiderationinavisitationdisputeisthechildsbestinterest....Thebestinterestanalysisusedinvisitationcases,likeitscounterpartincustodycases,isinherentlysubjective.Itrequirestheconsiderationofnumerousfactsuniquetoeachcaseandtheweighingofmanyofthesamefactorsusedtomakecustodydecisions.Sincetheoutcomeoftenhingesonsubtlefactualnuancesandthedemeanorofthewitnesses,weconsistentlydeclinetodisturbdecisionsbasedonatrialcourtssingularabilitytoassessthewitnessescredibility.(citationsomitted).KKK   ` Inthecaseathand,Ms.HillallegedthatMr.Hillwasirresponsibleandunreliableinthecareoftheirchild.Ms.HillintroducedtaperecordedconversationsinwhichMr.Hillusedwhatcouldbedeemedinappropriatelanguage.Ms.HillalsoenteredevidencethatMr.Hillattimesdisplayedaviolenttemper.Conversely,Mr.Hillprovidedseveralwitnesseswhotestifiedthatheprovidesqualitycareforhischild.Mr.Hilladmittedto_occasionally_Ԁlosinghistemperandusinginappropriatelanguage,buttheTrialCourttookallofthese  :04 issuesintoconsiderationinitsdecisionasevidencedbyitsrulingfromthebench: ` There,ofcourse,hasbeensomeproofwherethehusbandhasadmittedlymadeanumberofstatementsandsaidthingsandadmitsthatitwasinappropriate,shouldnthavedoneit.IhearorheardthetapesandtheonesthatIheardseemedtoinvolveadiscussionovervisitation.Therewasraisedvoicesonbothsidesandtheywerearguingoverthechildvisitation.o o o o  ` Ifindthatitsappropriatethatthefathershouldhavevisitationwiththechild.Iwouldcautionyouthatcertainlythislanguageshouldneverbeusedaroundthechild,anythingclosetothat.And,ofcourse,Ifindthatproofisthatthehusbandhasapparentlyabitofatemperthatyoumayneedtolearntocontrolalittlebetter,frankly.Alotbetteraroundthischild.o o o o  ` But,theresnoproofthatthehusbandeverhurtthechild,hitthechildoranything.Andso,heshouldhavevisitation.AndIseenoreasonthatitshouldntbethestandardo o visitation.o o    ` Theevidenceinthiscaseclearlyshowsthatboththeparentandchildwouldbenefitfromvisitation.Therefore,weholdthattheevidencesupportsthedecisionoftheTrialCourtandcertainlydoesnotpreponderateagainstvisitationwithMr.Hill.Forthesereasons,thevisitationawardedMr.HillbytheTrialCourtisaffirmed.o o m    ` Fortheforegoingreasons,weremandtotheTrialCourtforconsiderationoftheissueofrehabilitativealimony.ThejudgmentoftheTrialCourtastothedivisionofmaritalpropertyandchildvisitationisaffirmed.TheTrialCourtisinstructedtoenteraordermodifyingitsjudgmentofApril6, @8.2 1998,toreflectthemodificationssetforthinthisopinion.CostsonappealaretaxedtoMr.Hill.m n    ` FortheforegoingreasonsthejudgmentoftheTrialCourtisaffirmedasmodifiedandthecauseremandedfortheTrialCourttoconsidertheissueofrehabilitativealimony.CostsofappealareadjudgedonehalftoMs.HillandhersuretyandonehalftoMr.Hill.n  @8.2 X>/XXQXc   `     h   _______________________________ @     `     h   HoustonM._Goddard_,_P.J._ԀCONCUR:̜p ________________________________p q q r 񀀀(NotParticipating)r s r r s t t q q  P  DonT._McMurray_,J.________________________________CharlesD.Susano,Jr.,J.#QXcXXX>/n[#k  0 k l    ` FortheforegoingreasonsthejudgmentoftheTrial @ Courtisc affirmedasmodifiedandthecauseremandedforthec d TrialCourtd c c e toconsidertheissueofrehabilitativealimony.CostsofappealareadjudgedonehalftoMe e s.HillandhersuretyandonehalftoMr.Hill.e l