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Bj!˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 (ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡-šBu Z‹$Arrus BT Roman TE !D"U#U$î%Ó€1A‚k â3|x1((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d&&&&7Border 1dd€-'Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial!!!!'ÿÿdxd #Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€%ÔÝ  ÝÔ€)ÔÔ€)ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€)XÔÌÌò òMarch€27,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€)ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó ØÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€%ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€Ô€ÔDr.€Thomason€acknowledged€that€his€belief€that€Matthew'sÏbehavioral€problems€began€at€eighteen€months€was€based€entirely€onÏFather's€statement€to€that€effect.€€There€is€no€question€that€Father€andÏMother€disagree€regarding€the€origin€and€cause€of€Matthewððs€behavioralÏproblems.€€Prior€to€their€divorce,€the€parties'€consulted€with€Dr.€Corey,€aÏpsychiatrist.€€Dr.€Thomason€admitted€that€he€did€not€request€Dr.€Corey'sÏnotes€before€making€Matthew's€diagnoses.€€Counsel€for€Mother€suggestsÏthat€Dr.€Coreyððs€notes€might€€have€revealed€the€precise€time€at€whichÏMatthew's€behavioral€problems€began.€€Although€we€express€no€opinion€asÏto€the€contents€of€Dr.€Coreyððs€notes,€we€emphasize€that€Mother,€as€theÏparty€alleging€a€material€change€in€circumstances,€has€the€burden€ofÏproving€that€a€change€in€circumstances€has€occurred.€€If€Dr.€Coreyððs€notesÏwould€have€established€that€Matthew€did€not€exhibit€behavioral€problemsÏprior€to€the€partiesðð€divorce,€it€was€incumbent€upon€Mother€€to€request€andÏproduce€those€records.€Ô€%ÔÌ("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò úÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€%ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝCounsel€urges€that€the€trial€court€determined€that€it€would€deny€Motherððs€request€for€aÏchange€in€custody€prior€to€hearing€the€proof.€€While€the€record€shows€that€the€trial€court€believedÏthere€had€been€excessive€litigation€in€this€matter,€there€is€no€evidence€that€the€court€failed€to€fullyÏconsider€the€evidence€presented€by€Mother.€€ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA: T Monaco ÒÒ  BA: T Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€$$X„d&ÓÑ#€$$Xd#ÑÔ€%ÔÝ  ÝÑ7€&XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÒ  ÒÒ „ Òà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àWESTERN€SECTION€AT€JACKSONÌà àà à€€Ï________________________________________________ÌÌò òDWAYNE€EDWYNN€INGRAM,€ó óÌÌà àPlaintiff„Appellee,Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àShelby€Equity€No.€20111„1ÌÙ€€ÙßL€(+';+'h|OÅ` Å `€€LßVs.à àà àà àà àà àà àà àC.A.€No.Ï02A01„9501„CH„00005ÌÌò òCATHERINE€HALL€INGRAM,€ó óÌÌà àDefendant„Appellant.Ì___________________________________________________________________________ÌÌà@ àFROM€THE€CHANCERY€COURT€OF€SHELBY€COUNTYÌÌà@ àTHE€HONORABLE€NEAL€SMALL,€CHANCELLORÌÌÌÌà@ àKay€Farese€Turner€of€MemphisÌà0 àà àà@ àCharles€W.€McGhee€of€Memphisà@ àÌà@ àFor€Plaintiff„AppelleeÌÌà@ àStevan€L.€Black€of€MemphisÌà@ àVicki€J.€Singh€of€MemphisÌà@ àFor€Defendant„AppellantÌÌÌÌÌà@ àò òòòREVERSED€IN€PART,€AFFIRMED€AS€MODIFIEDÌà@ àIN€PART€AND€REMANDEDÌÌó óóóà@ àOpinion€filed:€ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òW.€FRANK€CRAWFORD,Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àPRESIDING€JUDGE,€W.S.ÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌDAVID€R.€FARMER,€JUDGEÌÌHOLLY€KIRBY€LILLARD,€JUDGEó óÌÌÑ  ÑÓÓ›à àThis€is€a€child€custody€case.€€Dwayne€Edwynn€Ingram€(Father)€andÏœCatherine›€Hall€Ingram€(Mother)€were€divorced€by€decree€entered€JuneÏ16,€1992.€€The€decree€provided€for€joint€legal€custody€of€the€parties'Ïminor€child,€Matthew,€born€February€9,€1989,€with€Father€havingÏprimary€physical€custody.€€Mother€appealed€to€this€Court€and,€while€theÏappeal€was€pending,€filed€a€Petition€for€Change€of€Custody€in€chanceryÏcourt.€€In€November€of€1992,€the€chancellor€declined€to€hear€Mother'sÏPetition€for€Change€of€Custody€due€to€her€appeal€pending€in€this€Court.€ÍOn€December€22,€1992,€a€Consent€Order€dismissing€Motherððs€originalÏappeal€was€entered.€Ìà àOn€February€24,€1994,€Mother€filed€the€Petition€for€Change€ofÏCustody€and€Injunctive€Relief€which€is€the€subject€of€this€appeal.€€OnÏMay€12,€1994,€the€date€set€for€hearing€Motherððs€petition,€Father€filed€anÏanswer€to€Motherððs€petition€and€also€filed€a€counter„petition€seekingÏsole€custody€of€their€child.€€On€July€7,€1994,€after€an€evidentiaryÏhearing,€the€trial€court€entered€an€order€denying€Mother's€request€for€a€Ïchange€of€custody.€€The€trial€court€also€modified€the€final€divorceÏdecree€by€eliminating€the€requirement€of€the€original€decree€thatÏrequired€Father€to€consult€Mother€on€major€decisions€involvingÏMatthew.€€The€court€also€ordered€Mother€to€pay€$1,000.00€of€Father'sÏattorney€fees€and€assessed€court€costs€to€Mother.€€Mother€perfected€theÏpresent€appeal€and€presents€four€issues€for€review.€€The€first€issue€isÏwhether€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€Motherððs€petition€for€change€ofÏcustody.€€Ìà àIn€the€initial€custody€ruling,€the€trial€court€made€the€followingÏstatement:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àà àNow,€the€court€is€frankly€concerned€aboutÏboth€parents€in€this€case,€that€they€both€haveÏsome€problems,€and€in€the€court's€view€thatÏmust€be€worked€out.€€The€father's€attitude€is€notÏaltogether€satisfactory.€€Neither€party€seems€toÏfully€understand€what€it€takes,€what€is€neededÏto€rear€and€deal€with€the€child,€and€theÏrelationship€that€the€other€parent€should€haveÏwith€the€child€not€for€the€other€parent€or€eitherÏparentsðð€benefit,€but€for€the€best€interest€of€theÏchild.€€ÌÌà àà àà àà à*à àà à*à àà à*Ìà8 àà8 àà àThe€court,€however,€feels€that€Mrs.€IngramÏhas€some€serious€problems,€more€seriousÏproblems€than€Mr.€Ingram,€that€need€to€be€dealtÏwith€that€she€needs€to€have€time€and€theÏopportunity€to€improve.€€She€needs€to€franklyÏreduce€her€medication€in€this€court's€view€.€.€.€.ÌÌà àà àà àà à*à àà à*à àà à*Ìà8 àà8 àà àTherefore,€the€court€has€attempted€toÏstructure€the€rest€of€this€order€so€as€to,€numberÏone,€put€the€child€in€the€best€possibleÏarrangement€that€the€court€believes€will€serviceÏits€needs€and€frankly,€number€two,€give€Mrs.ÏIngram€an€opportunity€to€improve€her€ownÏsituation€and€her€own€problems€and€establishÏherself€in€a€profession,€a€paying€profession€thatÏwill€enable€her,€allow€her€to€make€her€own€wayÏin€the€years€to€come.€€ÌÌà àà àà àà à*à àà à*à àà à*Ìà8 àà8 àà àThe€mother€will€have€visitation€asÍfollows:€€Every€other€weekend€from€6:00€p.m.€onÏFriday€to€6:00€p.m.€on€Sunday.€.€.€.€€They€willÏrotate€the€federally€listed€holidays€.€.€.€.ÌÌà8 àà8 àà àThe€mother€will€also€have€the€child€for€sixÏweeks€in€the€summer€.€.€.€.ÌÌÓÓà àMother€argues€that€the€following€factors€constitute€evidence€ofÏchanged€circumstances:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à1.€€Father€has€subjected€Matthew€to€immoralÏbehavior€by€permitting€Matthew€to€stayÏovernight€with€Father€and€Father's€formerÏgirlfriend,€now€wife,€Bonnie€€Fleming€Ingram.€ÌÌà8 àà8 à2.€€Father€has€acted€improperly€by€permittingÏBonnie€to€pick€Matthew€up€at€school,€disciplineÏMatthew,€and€babysit€for€Matthew€in€her€home,Ïdespite€the€fact€that€Mother€was€available€toÏbabysit.€€ÌÌà8 àà8 à3.€€Matthew's€behavior€has€changed€drasticallyÏbecause€of€the€parties'€divorce,€primarilyÏbecause€Father€has€physical€custody€of€Matthew.€€ÌÌà8 àà8 à4.€€Father€has€refused€to€contact€Mother€toÏdiscuss€the€child's€welfare,€contrary€to€theÏdivorce€decree.€€ÌÌà8 àà8 à5.€€Father€has€acted€arbitrarily€in€refusing€toÏallow€Mother€additional€visitation.ÌÌà8 àà8 à6.€€Father€has€refused€to€allow€Mother€access€toÍinformation€concerning€Matthew.€€ÌÌà8 àà8 à7.€€Mother€has€not€taken€prescription€medicationÏfor€well€over€one€year,€and€is€gainfully€employedÏin€a€stable€job.€Ì€ÌÓÓà àIn€support€of€her€claim€of€changed€circumstances,€MotherÏpresented€a€number€of€witnesses€in€support€of€her€petition.€€SusanÏHarris,€the€manager€at€National€Mortgage€Company,€Mother's€employer,Ïtestified€that€Mother€is€a€good€employee,€€is€alert€on€the€job€andÏexhibits€no€negative€characteristics€as€an€employee.€€Ìà àJatel€Allen€also€testified€on€Mother's€behalf.€€Ms.€Allen€works€atÏMothersðð€Day€Out€at€the€Germantown€Church€of€Christ,€the€churchÏMother€and€Matthew€attend.€€Ms.€Allen€was€Matthew's€teacher€atÏMothersðð€Day€Out€prior€to€May€of€1992,€and€Matthew€was€in€her€classÏfor€approximately€five€hours,€one€day€each€week.€€Ms.€Allen€testifiedÏthat€Matthew€acted€appropriately€in€the€day€care's€structured€Ïenvironment,€but€she€admitted€that€she€has€not€seen€Matthew€since€theÏpartiesðð€divorce€in€May€of€1992.€€Ìà àShirley€Speed,€a€friend€of€Motherððs€and€the€preschool€coordinatorÍat€the€Germantown€Church€of€Christ€testified€that,€while€Matthew€wasÏcared€for€by€his€mother€at€home,€he€was€a€normal€child.€€Ms.€SpeedÏtestified€that€she€noticed€a€drastic€change€in€Matthew's€behavior€afterÏMay€of€1992.€€She€observed€that€Matthew€was€ð ðclingyðð€and€exhibitedÏviolent€behavior€at€times.€€Ms.€Speed€stated€that€Mother€has€a€veryÏclose€relationship€with€Matthew,€responds€well€to€his€outbursts,€andÏdisciplines€him€properly.€€Ìà àSheila€Braxton,€a€teacher€at€the€YMCA€summer€camp€during€theÏsummer€of€1993,€also€testified€on€Mother's€behalf.€€Matthew€beganÏattending€the€YMCA€€camp€during€his€mother's€six€week€summer€custodyÏperiod,€and€during€this€time€the€child€behaved€well.€€Ms.€BraxtonÏtestified€that€after€the€child€went€back€into€Father's€custody,€heÏexhibited€very€poor€behavior€at€camp.€€Ms.€Braxton€stated€that€MotherÏwas€very€concerned€about€controlling€Matthew's€behavioral€problems.€€Ìà àBethany€Mayfield€also€testified€on€Mother's€behalf.€€On€January€4,Ï1994,€Ms.€Mayfield€had€a€birthday€party€for€her€child,€to€which€MatthewÏwas€invited.€€Ms.€Mayfield€stated€that€Matthew€had€a€violent€outburst€atÏthe€birthday€party,€€screaming€and€kicking€other€children,€but€MotherÍcontrolled€the€tantrum€efficiently.€€She€stated€that€Mother€is€veryÏclose€to€Matthew€and€disciplines€Matthew€properly.€€à àCarol€Eady,€aÏcounselor€at€Briarcrest,€also€testified.€€Between€August€and€October,Ï1993,€Matthew€was€enrolled€in€the€Briarcrest€prekindergarten€program.€ÏBecause€of€numerous€exhibits€of€violent€and€destructive€behavior,ÏMatthew€was€asked€to€leave€Briarcrest's€program.€€Ms.€Eady€stated€thatÏMatthew€became€violent€whenever€he€was€asked€to€do€something€he€didÏnot€want€to€do.€€She€testified€that€Mr.€Ingram€was€very€attentive€toÏMatthew's€behavioral€problems,€and€that€she€had€never€met€a€parentÏwho€was€as€accessible€as€Matthew's€father.€€Ms.€Eady€also€stated€thatÏBonnie€Fleming€Ingram€interacted€well€with€Matthew.€€Ms.€EadyÏtestified€that€Mother€told€her€that€the€parties'€divorce€was€the€cause€ofÏMatthew's€problems,€and€that€Mother€believed€that€a€change€in€custodyÏwould€fix€€Matthew's€problems.€€à àWilliam€Hall,€Matthew's€maternalÏgrandfather,€testified€in€his€daughter's€behalf.€€He€stated€that€MotherÏhad€taken€major€steps€to€change€her€life.€€He€stated€that€Mother€had€aÏgood€job€and€was€no€longer€using€prescription€medicine.€€Mr.€HallÏtestified€regarding€Matthew's€behavioral€changes€since€the€divorce.€€HeÍstated€that€Matthew€was€not€able€to€sit€still€during€a€meal,€frequentlyÏthrowing€food€on€the€ground,€and€that€Matthew€had€never€acted€this€wayÏprior€to€the€parties'€divorce.€€Finally,€Mr.€Hall€stated€that€Matthew€had€aÏvery€strong€relationship€with€his€daughter.€€Ìà àMother€testified€that€she€got€a€job€with€National€MortgageÏCompany€in€July€of€1992,€approximately€two€months€after€the€parties'Ïdivorce.€€Mother€testified€that€ten€days€after€the€parties'€divorce,€sheÏdiscontinued€her€use€of€Elavil,€the€prescription€medication€she€had€beenÏtaking.€€She€took€prescription€medication€to€help€her€sleep,€because€sheÏwas€under€stress€caused€by€the€pending€divorce,€the€child€custody€suit,Ïand€her€own€mother's€terminal€illness.€€Ìà àMother€attributes€the€changes€in€Matthew's€behavior€to€MatthewððsÏnew€€environment.€€Mother€stated€that€these€changes,€which€she€noticedÏas€quickly€as€two€days€after€the€parties'€divorce,€were€caused€byÏMatthew's€removal€from€his€mother,€his€home,€and€other€familiarÏsurroundings.€€Mother€described€Matthew's€behavioral€problems€thatÏinclude€rocking€on€the€floor€with€his€fingers€in€his€mouth,€lying€in€aÏfetal€position€staring€off€into€the€distance,€trying€to€hit€and€kick,Íthrowing€himself€against€walls,€trying€to€hit€himself€in€the€head,€andÏbeing€physically€destructive€with€property.€€Mother€stated€that€FatherÏdoes€not€always€seek€her€advice€regarding€medical€attention€forÏMatthew.€€Ìà àMother€and€Father€have€had€problems€agreeing€on€visitation€withÏMatthew.€€Mother€stated€that€when€Father€is€planning€to€be€out€of€town,ÏFather€will€not€allow€Mother€additional€visitation€with€Matthew.€ÏMother€testified€that€Father€has€offered€to€"trade"€days€with€her;€ifÏMother€wants€visitation€with€Matthew€while€Father€is€out€of€town,ÏMother€must€forfeit€some€of€her€visitation€time€in€the€future.€€MotherÏtestified€that€Father€becomes€very€angry€if€Mother€fails€to€return€evenÏa€single€item€of€Matthew's€clothing€after€a€weekend€visit.€€Despite€allÏof€these€complications,€Mother€testified€that€she€and€Father€are€able€toÏwork€together.€€She€stated€that€if€she€gets€primary€physical€custody,Ïshe€would€allow€Matthew€to€have€ample€visitation€with€Father,€evenÏmore€visitation€than€she€has€at€present.€€Ìà àOn€cross„examination,€Mother€admitted€that€she€has€at€timesÏdenied€Father€extra€visitation.€€Mother€also€stated€that€she€hadÍquestions€about€putting€Matthew€on€Ritalin,€although€advised€to€do€soÏby€a€psychiatrist,€Dr.€Fred€Godwin€Thomason,€M.D.€€Mother€maintained€onÏcross„examination€that€Matthew's€problems€began€almost€immediatelyÏafter€the€parties'€divorce.€€She€denied€that€Matthew€showed€behavioralÏproblems€from€the€time€he€was€eighteen€months€old,€as€suggested€byÏFather.€€Mother€admitted€that€Matthew€had€occasional€tantrums€€priorÏto€the€parties'€divorce;€however,€Mother€stated€that€these€tantrumsÏwere€attributable€to€the€"terrible€twos."€€Mother€also€stated€that€sheÏhad€noticed€that€Matthewððs€psychiatric€therapy€and€his€use€of€RitalinÏhad,€to€some€extent,€helped€Matthew€control€his€outbursts.€€Ìà àIn€response€to€questioning€by€the€court,€Mother€stated€that€sheÏhad€agreed€to€dismiss€her€earlier€appeal€of€the€original€custodyÏdecision€in€the€hope€that€she€and€Father€could€work€out€their€problems.€ÏMother€stated€that€her€decision€was€based€both€on€her€attorney's€adviceÏand€her€own€belief€that€it€would€be€best€for€Matthew€if€she€and€FatherÏwere€not€involved€in€further€litigation.€€Ìà àNot€surprisingly,€Father's€testimony€conflicted€sharply€withÏMother's€€testimony.€€Father€stated€that€Matthew's€behavioral€problemsÍare€not€related€to€the€parties'€divorce.€€He€testified€that€Matthew€beganÏto€have€trouble€sleeping€at€€nine€months,€and€that€Matthew€began€toÏexhibit€behavioral€problems€at€the€age€of€€eighteen€months.€€AccordingÏto€Father,€Matthew€has€always€had€difficulty€acting€appropriately€in€aÏstructured€environment,€and€these€problems€were€€clear€to€the€partiesÏbefore€Matthew€was€two€years€old.€€Ìà àIn€March€of€1994,€Father€married€Bonnie€Fleming€Ingram.€ÏCurrently,€Matthew€and€Father€live€with€Bonnie€Ingram€and€Bonnie'sÏchildren€from€a€former€marriage;€Mindy,€age€seven,€and€Mark,€age€five.€ÏThey€have€a€four€bedroom€house,€and€each€child€has€his€or€her€ownÏbedroom.€€Father€stated€that€Matthew€has€a€good€relationship€withÏBonnie€and€her€children.€€Ìà àIn€response€to€Mother's€petition€for€a€change€of€custody,€FatherÏfiled€a€counter„petition€seeking€sole€custody€of€Matthew.€€FatherÏstated€that€Mother€has€acted€inappropriately€toward€Father€in€front€ofÏMatthew.€€Father€stated€that€Mother€makes€it€impossible€for€him€to€beÏcooperative€regarding€additional€visitation€periods,€because€MotherÏattacks€Father's€character€whenever€she€calls€to€discuss€Matthew.€ÍAdditionally,€Father€stated€that€Mother€was€not€cooperative€when€theÏparties€needed€to€make€major€decisions€about€Matthew's€schools,Ïdoctors,€and€behavioral€problems.€Ìà àOn€cross„examination,€Father€admitted€that,€after€their€divorce,Ïhe€and€Mother€consulted€a€clinical€psychologist,€Dr.€Wyatt€Nichols,Ïhoping€to€improve€their€communication€skills.€€Father€testified€that€Dr.ÏNichols€recommended€that€Mother€have€increased€visitation€withÏMatthew.€€Father€stated€that€he€declined€to€follow€Dr.€Nichol's€Ïrecommendation€because€he€believed€Matthew€needed€stability.€€FatherÏtestified€that€he€wanted€Matthew€to€adjust€to€his€new€home€andÏschedule€without€constantly€changing€€environments.€€Father€alsoÏadmitted€on€cross„examination€that€he€spent€several€nights€at€Bonnie'sÏhouse€before€he€and€Bonnie€were€married.€€However,€Father€stated€thatÏhe€slept€with€Matthew€in€a€€separate€bedroom.€€Ìà àBonnie€Ingram€testified€on€Father's€behalf.€€She€stated€that€herÏchildren,€Mark€and€Mindy,€have€known€Matthew€since€1992.€€She€statedÏthat€both€she€and€her€children€have€a€special€relationship€withÏMatthew.€€She€testified€that€Mark,€her€five€year€old€son,€has€muscleÍcontrol€problems,€but€he€is€not€handicapped,€nor€does€he€require€a€greatÏdeal€of€special€attention.€€Ms.€Ingram€also€testified€that€she€and€FatherÏhad€never€acted€improperly€in€the€children's€presence.Ìà àDr.€Fred€Godwin€Thomason,€M.D.,€also€testified.€€Dr.€Thomason€is€aÏboard€certified€child€psychiatrist.€€On€September€27,€1993,€Dr.ÏThomason€performed€an€€initial€evaluation€of€Matthew,€with€both€FatherÏand€Mother€present.€€Dr.€Thomason€diagnosed€Matthew€as€having€threeÏdifferent€psychiatric€conditions:€€attention€deficit€hyperactivityÏdisorder€(ADHD),€opposition€defiant€disorder,€and€adjustment€disorderÏwith€mixed€disturbance€and€conduct€(adjustment€disorder).€€Ìà àDr.€Thomason€explained€that€patients€diagnosed€with€ADHD€haveÏsymptoms€which€include€impulsive€behavior,€distractibility,€and€lack€ofÏattention.€€Dr.€Thomason€testified€that€he€believes€ADHD€is€caused€by€aÏdelay€in€development€in€the€brain.€€Dr.€Thomason€testified€that€althoughÏthis€condition€is€often€observable€from€birth,€it€is€often€not€diagnosedÏuntil€the€child€is€placed€in€a€more€structured€environment,€at€whichÏtime€the€child€often€experiences€€difficulty€controlling€his€or€herÏbehavior.€€Dr.€Thomason€stated€that€a€structured€home€environment€isÍvery€important€to€a€child€diagnosed€with€ADHD.Ìà àOppositional€defiant€disorder€is€characterized€by€severeÏopposition€and€defiance€in€a€child.€€Dr.€Thomason€testified€that€he€isÏuncertain€what€causes€this€disorder,€but€that€it€is€probably€caused€by€aÏcombination€of€stressors€in€the€childððs€life.€Ìà àThe€third€condition€with€which€Dr.€Thomason€diagnosed€MatthewÏis€adjustment€disorder.€€Adjustment€disorder€is€usually€traced€to€anÏevent€in€the€child's€life,€such€as€a€divorce,€that€has€caused€the€child€toÏhave€difficulty€controlling€his€or€her€emotions€and€conduct.€€SymptomsÏof€adjustment€disorder€may€include€violent€behavior,€such€as€biting,Ïkicking,€and€hitting.€€Dr.€Thomason€stated€that€ADHD€and€adjustmentÏdisorder€often€occur€together.€€Dr.€Thomason€stated€that€adjustmentÏdisorder€usually€lasts€for€six€months€to€one€year.Ìà àDr.€Thomason€stated€that€Matthew's€behavior€has€improved€sinceÏMatthew€€has€been€taking€Ritalin,€and€that€Matthew's€teachers€haveÏseen€this€improvement.€€€Although€Dr.€Thomason€stated€that€he€recalledÏtelling€Father€that€it€would€be€beneficial€for€Matthew€to€see€MotherÏmore,€Dr.€Thomason€did€not€recommend€any€particular€visitationÍschedule€or€living€situation.€€Dr.€Thomason€stated€that€he€did€not€thinkÏthat€Father's€custody€had€led€to€increased€difficulties€for€Matthew.× ƒ, ××  ×€ÏSignificantly,€he€stated€that€there€could€be€a€risk€in€changing€custodyÏat€this€time.€€à@ àII.Ìà àOur€review€of€the€findings€of€fact€of€the€lower€court€is€de€novoÏupon€the€record,€accompanied€by€a€presumption€of€the€correctness€ofÏthe€trial€court's€findings.€€Unless€we€find€that€the€evidenceÏpreponderates€against€these€findings,€we€must€affirm,€absent€error€ofÏlaw.€€T.R.A.P.€13(d);€€€ò òòòNichols€v.€Nicholsóóó ó,€792€S.W.2d€713,€716€(Tenn.Í1990).€€Ìà àThe€doctrine€of€res€judicata€bars€a€second€suit€between€the€sameÏparties€on€the€same€cause€of€action€with€respect€to€all€issues€whichÏwere€or€which€could€have€been€litigated€in€the€former€suit.€€ò òòòWall€v.ÏWallóóó ó,€907€S.W.2d€829,€832€(Tenn.€App.€1995).€€Thus,€a€custody€orderÏcannot€be€changed€absent€a€showing€of€new€facts,€or€"changedÏcircumstances,"€which€require€an€alteration€of€the€original€custodyÏaward.òò€€ò òWoodard€v.€Woodardóóó ó,€783€S.W.2d€188,€189€(Tenn.€App.€1989).€€€Ìà àChild€custody€cases€present€primarily€factual,€not€legalÏquestions.òò€€ò òRogero€v.€Pittóóó ó,€759€S.W.2d€109,€112€(Tenn.€1988).€ÏAlthough€there€are€no€hard€and€fast€rules€as€to€what€constitutesÏ"changed€circumstances,"€ò òòòArnold€v.€Arnoldóóó ó,€774€S.W.2d€613,€618Ï(Tenn.€App.€1989),€it€is€well€settled€that€the€best€interest€of€the€childÏis€the€paramount€consideration€in€a€child€custody€case.€€ò òòòContreras€v.ÏWardóóó ó,€831€S.W.2d€288,€289€(Tenn.€App.€1991).€€The€party€seeking€aÏchange€in€custody€has€the€burden€of€proving€by€the€preponderance€of€theÏevidence€that€a€change€in€custody€is€in€the€child's€best€interest.€Ïò òòòMusselman€v.€Acuffóóó ó,€826€S.W.2d€920,€922€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1991).€€InÍconsidering€whether€or€not€changed€circumstances€exist,€we€find€theÏstatement€of€theòò€ò òWallóóó ó€court€instructive:€€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àWhen€two€people€join€in€conceiving€a€child,€theyÏselect€that€child's€natural€parents.€€When€theyÏdecide€to€separate€and€divorce,€they€give€up€theÏprivilege€of€jointly€rearing€the€child,€and€theÏdivorce€court€must€decide€€which€parent€willÏhave€primary€responsibility€for€rearing€theÏchild.€€This€decision€of€the€Court€is€notÏchangeable€except€for€"change€of€circumstances"Ïwhich€is€defined€as€that€which€requires€a€changeÏto€prevent€substantial€harm€to€the€child.€ÏCustody€is€not€changed€for€the€welfare€orÏpleasure€of€either€parent€or€to€punish€eitherÏparent,€but€to€preserve€the€welfare€of€the€child.€ÏCustody€is€not€changed€because€one€parent€isÏable€to€furnish€a€more€commodious€or€pleasantÏenvironment€than€the€other,€but€whereÏcontinuation€of€the€adjudicated€custody€willÏsubstantially€harm€the€œchild›œ.›ÌÌÓÓò òòòIdóóó ó.€907€S.W.2d€at€834.€à àÌà àIn€the€instant€case,€we€agree€with€the€trial€court's€finding€thatÏthere€has€been€no€substantial€change€in€circumstances€which€wouldÏwarrant€a€change€in€custody.€€€The€record€contains€no€proof€that€"theÏadjudicated€custody€will€substantially€harm"€Matthew;€to€the€contrary,Ïthere€is€competent€evidence€that€a€change€in€custody€could€present€aÍrisk€to€this€child.€€Although€we€find€that€both€parents€are€fit,€we€do€notÏbelieve€that,€under€the€existing€circumstances,€moving€MatthewððsÏprimary€residence€from€his€father's€home€to€his€mother's€home€wouldÏbe€in€the€child's€best€interests.€€In€ò òòòContrerasó óóó,€this€Court€emphasizedÏthe€importance€of€stability€in€a€child's€life:€€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àThe€stability€provided€by€the€continuation€of€aÏsuccessful€relationship€with€a€parent€who€hasÏbeen€in€day€to€day€contact€with€a€child€generallyÏfar€outweighs€any€alleged€advantage€whichÏmight€accrue€to€the€child€as€a€result€ofÏcustodial€change.€€In€short,€when€all€goes€wellÏwith€children,€stability,€not€change,€is€in€theirÏbest€interests.ÌÌò òòòIdó ó.óó,€831€S.W.2d€at€290.€ÓÓ€€We€agree€and,€accordingly,€decline€to€modifyÏthe€trial€courtððs€ruling€at€this€time.× ƒ. ××  ×Ìà àMother's€next€issue€on€appeal€is€whether€the€trial€court€erred€inÏdenying€Mother€expanded€visitation.€€In€ò òòòEdwards€v.€Edwardsó óóó,€501ÏS.W.2d€283,€291€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1973),€this€Court€stated:€"[T]he€detailsÏof€custody€of€and€visitation€with€children€are€peculiarly€within€theÍbroad€discretion€of€the€Trial€Judge€whose€decisions€are€rarelyÏdisturbed."€€We€conclude,€under€the€circumstances€of€this€case,€thatÏMatthewððs€best€interest€warrants€additional€visitation€time€for€Mother.€ÏThe€record€reveals€that€both€Dr.€Nichols€and€Dr.€Thomason€felt€thatÏadditional€visitation€between€Mother€and€Matthew€would€be€beneficial.€ÏWe€agree.€€Under€the€terms€of€the€original€decree,€Mother€has€visitationÏwith€Matthew€one€week„night€every€other€week€in€the€weeks€she€doesÏnot€have€weekend€visitation.€€€The€record€reveals€that€this€visitationÏtakes€place€on€Thursday€nights,€and€Mother€takes€Matthew€to€school€onÏFriday€mornings.€€This€arrangement€appears€to€be€successful,€therefore,Ïwe€modify€the€visitation€arrangement€set€forth€in€the€original€decreeÏas€follows:€€Mother€will€have€visitation€from€5:30€p.m.€Thursday€untilÏ7:30€p.m.€Sunday,€every€other€weekend.€€Mother€will€continue€to€haveÏvisitation€one€night€in€the€weeks€she€does€not€have€weekend€visitation,Ïcommencing€at€5:30€p.m.€on€Thursday.€€All€other€€visitation€provided€forÏin€the€original€decree€shall€remain€the€same.€€Ìà àHaving€made€these€changes,€we€are€compelled€to€comment€that€itÏshould€be€quite€apparent€to€both€Mother€and€Father€that€Matthew€needsÍthe€care,€attention,€and€love€of€each€of€them€and€is€entitled€to€nothingÏless.€€The€partiesðð€continuing€conflicts€can€only€be€detrimental€to€theÏchild.€€Each€parent€should€be€ready€and€willing€to€do€everything€possibleÏfor€Matthewððs€welfare,€and€his€welfare€would€best€be€served€by€an€endÏto€the€conflicts€between€the€parents.€€We€urge€Mother€and€Father€toÏconsider€the€best€interests€of€their€child,€rather€than€themselves,€inÏarranging€supplemental€or€varied€visitation€when€requested.€€Ìà àMother's€third€issue€is€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€modifyingÏthe€original€decree€by€finding€that€Father€is€no€longer€required€toÏconsult€Mother€on€major€issues€involving€Matthew.€€Under€the€originalÏcustody€decree,€Father€was€required€to€consult€Mother€regardingÏdecisions€œaffecting›€Matthew.€€However,€the€final€decision€was€left€withÏFather.€€Ìà àWe€disagree€with€the€trial€courtððs€decision€to€alter€theÏarrangement€set€forth€in€the€original€decree.€€Both€Mother€and€FatherÏshould€have€a€genuine€interest€in€Matthewððs€well„being,€and€the€bestÏinterests€of€this€child€will€be€served€by€permitting€both€parents€toÏcontinue€to€have€input€in€decisions€affecting€Matthewððs€welfare.€ÍAccordingly,€we€hold€that€Father€must€continue€to€consult€with€MotherÏbefore€making€decisions€affecting€Matthewððs€welfare.€€€Again,€weÏadmonish€these€parents€to€work€together,€for€Matthewððs€benefit,€inÏimplementing€this€Courtððs€decision.Ìà àMother's€fourth€issue€on€appeal€concerns€the€trial€court's€orderÏthat€Mother€pay€$1000.00€toward€Father's€attorney's€fees.€€MotherÏargues€that,€because€of€the€extreme€disparity€between€her€income€andÏFather's€income,€the€trial€court€acted€improperly€in€making€this€award.€ÏAlthough€Fatherððs€ability€to€pay€his€attorneysðð€fees€in€not€controlling,Ïò òòòSherrod€v.€Wixó óóó,€849€S.W.2d€780€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1992),€it€is€a€factorÏwhich€this€Court€may€consider.€€The€record€clearly€establishes€thatÏMotherððs€annual€income€is€approximately€$20,000.00€per€year,€whileÏFatherððs€annual€income€is€approximately€$90,000.00€per€year.€€€TheÏò òòòSherrodó óóó€court€stressed€that€the€purpose€of€requiring€the€non„custodialÏparent€to€pay€attorney€fees€is€to€protect€the€legal€remedies€of€theÏchild,€not€the€parent.€€ò òòòId.ó óóó€at€785.€€There€is€no€indication€that€MatthewððsÏwelfare€will€be€adversely€effected€if€Father€is€required€to€pay€his€ownÏattorneysðð€fees.€€Under€the€circumstances€presented€in€this€case,€weÍcannot€agree€with€the€trial€courtððs€action.€€Ìà àœThe€order€of€the€trial€court€altering€the€requirement€ofÏconsultation€by€Mother€and€Father€is€reversed,€the›€order€of€the€trialÏcourt€awarding€Father€attorney€fees€is€œreversed,€the›€order€is€modifiedÏwith€regard€to€visitation€as€provided€herein,€and€the€order€is€in€allÏother€respects€affirmed.€€Costs€of€the€appeal€are€assessed€equally€toÏthe€parties.€€The€case€is€remanded€for€such€other€proceedings€as€areÏnecessary.€€We€decline€to€find,€as€appellee€suggests,€that€this€is€aÏfrivolous€appeal.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà à_________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òW.€FRANK€CRAWFORD,Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àPRESIDING€JUDGE,€W.S.ó óÌò òCONCUR:ÌÌ_________________________________ÌDAVID€R.€FARMER,€JUDGEó óÌÌ_________________________________Ìò òHOLLY€KIRBY€LILLARD,€JUDGEó óÌÔ€ÔÔ€Ôœ