ÿWPCe …# VUNa %¯ 0µU:Ñ 4  . w. 0JJ 0T” 0^è 0hF 0r® 0| 0†œ 0" 1u²U,' 0dSU,·U>ãU*!U*KB)uDCž AMá B.±Kv~üvÓz D3M 0@€ AOÀÆ 0DÕ D/ BH˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0†(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ô%$¡¡ÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑÑÑÑÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€XhXXXÔÓÓÑ7€hXXdðXXdð7Ñ, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularnnG øð 3|xL@ABÓ€L2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial< Œ 9p`(Times% Line 7 d""""7Border 1dd€-#Cþÿ << Gÿÿ d §Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€ ÔÓÓÑ#€d#ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€ XÔÌÌMarchÏ6,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA: T Monaco ÒÒ  BA: T Monaco Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€X„d&ÓÑ#€Xd#ÑÔ€ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€ ÔÓÓÑ#€!!Xd#ÑÑ#€!!Xd#ÑÝ  ÝÒ ° ÒÒ ° ÒÓ  ÓÑ ° ÑÑ X ÑÑ7€øËXXdæXXdì7ÑÓÓà@ àò òIN€THE€COURT€OFÏAPPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àWESTERN€SECTIONÏAT€NASHVILLEÌÌÌJAMES€JENNINGS,à àà àà à)€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àó óPetitioner/Appellantà à€€€€€€€€à àò ò€€€€€€€€€€)€€DavidsonÏChancery€No.€94„3069„IIIÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à)€€Appeal€No.Ï01A01„9509„CH„00390Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌCHARLES€TRAUGHBER,€ET€AL,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àó óRespondent/Appellee.à àà àò ò)ó óÌÌÌà@ àAPPEAL€FROM€THEÏCHANCERY€COURT€OF€DAVIDSON€COUNTYÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLE,ÏTENNESSEEÌà@ àTHE€HONORABLEÏROBERT€BRANDT,€CHANCELLORÌÌÙ€€ÙßL€$&#;+'h|ÿ` 81 `€€LßÌÌÌÌò òJAMES€JENNINGS,€pro€seÌó óClifton,€TennesseeÌÌÌò òCHARLES€W.€BURSONÌAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌÌEUGENE€J.€HONEAÌAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌó óNashville,€TennesseeÌAttorneys€for€AppelleeÌÌÌÌÌò òREVERSEDÌÌÌó óà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òALAN€E.€HIGHERS,€J.ÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌDAVID€R.€FARMER,€J.ÌÌHOLLY€KIRBY€LILLARD,€J.ÌÌÌó óà àÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓÓà àPetitioner€James€Jennings,€an€inmate€at€CCA„South€Central€CorrectionalÏCenter€Ñ7€øËXXdæXXdæ7Ñacting€òòpro€seóó,€sought€judicial€review€of€the€decision€rendered€by€theÏTennessee€Board€of€Parole€("TBOP"),€revoking€Petitioner's€parole,€by€common€law€writÏof€certiorari.€€The€Chancery€Court,€Davidson€County,€granted€the€Motion€to€DismissÏfiled€by€Respondent,€Charles€Traughber,€Chairman,€TBOP.€€Petitioner€appeals€theÏchancellor's€decision.ÌÌà àIn€1984,€Petitioner€was€convicted€and€ordered€to€serve€three€concurrent€fifteenÏyear€terms.€€In€June,€1988,€Petitioner€was€paroled€to€a€New€Jersey€detainer€where€heÏwas€to€serve€the€balance€of€his€sentence.€€In€1990,€the€New€Jersey€authoritiesÏreleased€Petitioner€and€placed€him€under€the€supervision€of€the€TBOP.€€€The€TBOPÏpermitted€Petitioner€to€move€to€Indiana,€where€he€was€supervised€by€an€IndianaÏParole€Officer,€Pam€Frederick.€ÌÌà àIn€January,€1994,€the€TBOP€certified€that€Petitioner€was€a€fugitive.€€The€TBOPÏrequested€that€Petitioner€be€returned€to€Tennessee€"for€the€purpose€of€revocation€ofÏhis€parole."€€€€On€April€14,€1994,€a€parole€revocation€hearing€was€held.€€€Petitioner'sÏParole€Violation€Report€listed€the€following€charges:ÌÓÓà8 à1.€€Petitioner€pled€guilty€to€the€offense€of€reckless€driving,€a€Class€AÏMisdemeanor,€on€September€9,€1991,€in€St.€Joseph€County,€Indiana.€ÏThis€was€a€violation€of€Parole€Rule€2,€which€requires€a€parolee€to€obeyÏthe€laws€of€the€United€States€or€any€state,€as€well€as€any€municipalÏordinances.€ÌÌà8 à2.€€The€petitioner€was€allegedly€in€possession€of€a€firearm€on€October€22,Ï1992,€in€violation€of€Parole€Rule€4.€€ÌÌà8 à3.€€The€petitioner€failed€to€maintain€steady€employment€in€violation€ofÏParole€Rule€5.ÌÌà8 à4.€€The€petitioner€absconded€his€parole€on€or€about€November€12,€1992,Ïby€changing€his€residence€and€leaving€the€state€of€Indiana€without€theÏpermission€of€his€parole€officer.€€This€is€a€violation€of€Parole€Rule€6.€ÌÌà8 à5.€€The€petitioner€failed€to€report€to€his€parole€officer€as€instructed,€inÏviolation€of€Parole€Rule€7.€€ÌÌà8 à6.€€The€petitioner€was€arrested€in€South€Bend,€Indiana,€on€August€31,Ï1991,€for€the€offenses€of€driving€under€the€influence€and€speeding.€ÏPetitioner€registered€.16€on€his€blood€alcohol€test€and€pled€guilty€toÏreckless€driving.ÌÌÓÓThe€hearing€officer€recommended€that€Petitioner's€parole€be€revoked,€but€thatÏPetitioner's€case€be€considered€again€in€October€1994.€Additionally,€the€hearingÏofficer€recommended€that€Petitioner€be€granted€credit€for€the€time€he€was€on€parole.Ì€€Ìà àOn€April€19,€1994,€the€TBOP€Board€revoked€Petitioner's€parole,€decliningÏPetitioner€re„parole€consideration€for€the€remainder€of€his€sentence.€€On€April€27,Ï1994,€the€TBOP€rendered€its€final€disposition€in€Petitioner's€parole€revocation€hearing.€ÍPetitioner€submitted€a€Request€for€Appeal€Hearing€on€May€25,€1994.€The€TBOP€gaveÏPetitioner€notice€that€his€request€for€an€appeal€was€denied€on€August€12,€1994.€€OnÏOctober€11,€1994,€Petitioner€filed€a€petition€for€€writ€of€certiorari€in€chancery€court.€€ÌÌà àWe€first€address€a€jurisdictional€issue€presented€by€the€Appellee:€Whether€ÏPetitioner€failed€to€comply€with€T.R.A.P.€4,€which€requires€that€a€party's€notice€ofÏappeal€be€filed€within€thirty€days€of€the€entry€of€judgment€from€which€the€party€appeals.€€€ÌÌà àOn€February€7,€1995,€Appellee€filed€a€Motion€to€Dismiss€for€lack€of€subjectÏmatter€jurisdiction€pursuant€to€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€P.€12.02(1).€€€Appellee€argued€that€theÏchancery€court€did€not€have€jurisdiction€because€Petitioner's€petition€for€a€writ€ofÏcertiorari€was€not€filed€within€60€days,€as€required€by€T.C.A.€ðð€27„9„102€(Michie€1980).€ÏAppellees€also€argued€that€Petitioner's€writ€sought€review€of€the€"intrinsic€fairness"€ofÏthe€Board's€decision,€an€action€beyond€the€scope€of€the€court's€review€under€aÏcommon€law€writ€of€certiorari.€€à àÌà àOn€February€27,€1995,€the€chancellor€dismissed€Jennings'€writ€of€certiorari,Ïagreeing€with€Respondent€that€the€petition€sought€review€which€was€beyond€the€scopeÏof€the€writ.€The€chancellor€found,€however,€that€the€petition€was€timely€filed€underÏT.C.A.€ðð€27„9„102.€€€ÌÌà àPetitioner€filed€a€Motion€to€Alter€or€Amend€Judgment,€pursuant€to€Tenn.€R.€Civ.ÏP.€59.04€(Michie€1995),€on€March€23,€1995.€€Under€Rule€59.01€(Michie€1995),€the€filingÏof€a€motion€to€alter€or€amend€extends€the€time€for€a€party€to€file€an€appeal.€€The€recordÏdoes€not€contain€Petitioner's€Memorandum€in€Support€of€his€Rule€59€motion;€however,ÍAppellee€argues€that€the€motion€was€frivolous€and€could€not€be€relied€upon€to€extendÏPetitioner's€time€to€appeal.€The€chancellor€found€that€the€purpose€of€Petitioner'sÏproposed€amendment€was€to€challenge€the€intrinsic€fairness€of€the€TBOP's€decisions;Ïa€decision€that€is€not€subject€to€judicial€review.€€Thus,€in€an€order€entered€April€21,Ï1995,€the€chancellor€denied€Petitioner's€Motion€to€Alter€or€Amend.€€€Petitioner€filed€aÏNotice€of€Appeal€with€this€Court€on€May€17,€1995.ÌÌà àFrom€the€record€before€us,€it€is€not€clear€that€Petitioner's€Motion€to€Alter€orÏAmend€was€either€frivolous€or€filed€for€the€purpose€of€delay.€€Even€if€the€Motion€wasÏimproper,€Appellee€does€not€cite,€nor€does€our€research€reveal,€any€law€that€poorlyÏwritten€or€unsupported€motions€under€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€P.€59€do€ò ònotó ó€extend€the€time€forÏfiling€a€notice€of€appeal€pursuant€to€T.R.A.P.€4.€€€Accordingly,€we€hold€that€Petitioner'sÏNotice€of€Appeal€was€timely€filed€and€this€case€is€properly€before€this€Court.€€€€€€ÌÌà àAppellees€present€a€second€jurisdictional€issue:òò€€óóWhether€the€petition€for€writ€ofÏcertiorari€was€filed€in€the€time€prescribed€by€T.C.A.€ðð€27„9„102.€€ÌÌà àPursuant€to€the€requirements€of€T.C.A.€ðð€27„9„102,€a€petition€for€writ€of€certiorariÏmust€be€filed€within€sixty€days€from€the€entry€of€the€order€or€judgment€from€which€theÏappeal€is€taken.€€Petitioner€received€notice€on€or€about€April€27,€1994,€that€the€TBOPÏhad€revoked€Petitioner's€parole.€€On€May€25,€1994,€Petitioner€filed€a€request€for€anÏappeal€hearing.€€€€On€or€about€August€12,€1995,€Petitioner€received€notice€that€theÏTBOP€denied€his€request€for€an€appeal€hearing.€€Petitioner€filed€a€petition€for€writ€ofÏcertiorari€on€October€11,€1994,€more€than€five€months€after€the€TBOP€informedÍPetitioner€that€his€parole€was€revoked,€but€within€60€days€after€Petitioner€receivedÏnotice€that€the€TBOP€denied€his€request€for€an€appeal€hearing.€€ÌÌà àT.C.A.€ðð€40„28„101€et€seq.€(Michie€1990)€sets€forth€a€uniform€system€ofÏprobation€and€parole€regulations.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„28„105(d)€(Michie€1990)€provides€thatÏan€inmate€whose€parole€has€been€revoked€may€request€appellate€review€by€theÏTBOP.€€Appellate€review€is€only€granted€for€the€following€reasons:€€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à1.€€If€there€is€significant€new€evidence€of€information€thatÏwas€not€available€at€the€hearing.€€Requests€based€on€theÏavailability€of€new€information€must€be€accompanied€byÏadequate€documentation.€ÌÌà8 àà8 à2.€€If€there€are€allegations€of€misconduct€by€the€hearingÏofficial.ÌÌà8 àà8 à3.€€If€there€are€significant€procedural€errors€by€the€hearingÏofficial.€€ÌÓÓÌòòIdòòóó.€€óóThe€statute€states:€€"T]he€decision€rendered€after€an€appellate€review€[by€the€TBOP]Ïwill€be€final."€€òòIdóó.€€ÌÌà àIn€the€present€case,€Petitioner's€parole€was€revoked.€€Thus,€Petitioner€wasÏentitled€to€submit,€and€did€submit,€a€request€for€an€appeal€hearing,€which€the€TBOPÏdenied.€Petitioner€received€notice€that€his€request€had€been€denied€sometime€afterÏAugust€12,€1995.€€He€filed€a€petition€for€writ€of€certiorari€in€chancery€court€within€60Ïdays€of€receiving€notice€that€the€request€for€an€appeal€hearing€had€been€denied,€asÏthe€statute€requires.€€ÌÌà àT.C.A.€ðð€40„28„105(d)€clearly€states€that€a€decision€of€the€TBOP€from€whichÍthere€lies€a€right€of€appeal€is€final€after€the€board€renders€its€decision€on€the€appeal.€€ÏPetitioner€had€a€right€to€appeal€his€parole€revocation.€€Thus,€the€decision€of€the€TBOPÏrevoking€Petitioner's€parole€was€not€final€until€Petitioner€exhausted€the€TBOP's€reviewÏprocess.€€€In€this€case,€the€TBOP's€review€process€was€exhausted€when€the€TBOPÏinformed€Petitioner€that€it€had€denied€his€request€for€an€appeal€hearing;€sometimeÏafter€August€12,€1995.€€We€hold€that€Petitioner's€writ€of€certiorari,€which€was€filed€onÏOctober€11,€1995,€was€timely€filed€as€required€by€T.C.A.€ðð€27„9„102.€€ÌÌà àPetitioner€presents€the€following€issue€for€this€Court's€consideration:€€TheÏchancellor€erred€in€granting€the€Respondent's€Motion€to€Dismiss,€by€citing€thatÏPetitioner€was€attacking€the€"intrinsic€fairness"€of€the€Board€of€Parole's€actions.ÌÌà àAlthough€Respondent's€Motion€to€Dismiss€was€based€on€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€P.Ï12.02(1),€the€basis€upon€which€the€trial€court€dismissed€Petitioner's€suit€wasÏPetitioner's€failure€to€state€a€claim€upon€which€relief€can€be€granted.€€Such€a€motionÏ"admits€the€truth€of€all€relevant€and€material€averments€contained€in€the€complaint€butÏasserts€that€such€facts€do€not€constitute€a€cause€of€action."€€òòCornpropst€v.€Sloanóó,€528ÏS.W.2d€188,€190€(Tenn.€1975).€€Thus,€in€reviewing€the€action€of€the€lower€court,€weÏmust€"construe€the€complaint€liberally€in€favor€of€the€plaintiff€[Petitioner€herein]€takingÏall€of€the€allegations€of€fact€therein€as€true."€òòHuckeby€v.€Spangleróó,€521€S.W.2d€568,Ï571€(Tenn.€1975).€€ÌÌà à€The€purpose€of€judicial€review€by€common€law€writ€of€certiorari€is€contained€inÏT.C.A.€ðð€27„8„101€(Michie€1980€&€Supp.€1995),€which€provides,€in€pertinent€part:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àThe€writ€of€certiorari€may€be€granted€whenever€authorizedÏby€law,€and€also€in€all€cases€where€an€inferior€tribunal,Ïboard,€or€officer€exercising€judicial€function€has€exceededÏthe€jurisdiction€conferred,€or€is€acing€illegally,€when,€in€theÏjudgment€of€the€court,€there€is€no€other€plain,€speedy,€orÏadequate€remedy.€ÌÌÓÓThe€scope€of€review€under€the€common€law€writ€of€certiorari€is€very€narrow€and€covers€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àonly€an€inquiry€into€whether€the€Board€has€exceeded€itsÏjurisdiction€or€is€acting€illegally,€fraudulently,€or€arbitrarily€.€.Ï.€.€one€may€say€that€it€is€not€the€correctness€of€the€decisionÏthat€is€subject€to€judicial€review,€but€the€manner€in€which€theÏdecision€is€reached.€€If€the€agency€or€board€has€reached€itsÏdecision€in€a€constitutional€or€lawful€manner,€then€theÏdecision€would€not€be€subject€to€judicial€review.€ÌÌÓÓòòPowell€v.€Parole€Eligibility€Review€Bd.óó,€879€S.W.2d€871,€873€(Tenn.€App.€1994).€€€Thus,Ïthe€chancellor€was€correct€in€stating€that€the€"intrinsic€fairness"€of€the€TBOP's€decisionÏis€beyond€the€scope€of€review€under€the€common€law€writ.€€òòIdóó.€€€The€question€thatÏremains€is€whether€Petitioner€has€alleged€facts€which€substantiate€a€claim€that€theÏTBOP€acted€arbitrarily,€illegally,€or€fraudulently.€€ÌÌà àJennings'€Petition€for€Common€Law€Writ€of€Certiorari€alleges€that€the€TBOPÏarbitrarily€revoked€his€parole€based€on€Petitioner's€conviction€of€a€misdemeanor,Ïreckless€driving,€in€1991.€€Petitioner€alleges€that€his€Indiana€parole€officer€informed€theÏTBOP€of€this€conviction€in€1991,€and€that€the€TBOP€decided€not€to€revoke€Petitioner'sÏparole€because€of€the€misdemeanor€offense.€€Petitioner€argues€that€the€TBOP€actedÏarbitrarily€in€using€the€misdemeanor€offense€as€a€basis€of€his€parole€revocation€inÏ1994.€Petitioner€next€alleges€that€the€TBOP€acted€improperly€by€refusing€to€allowÏPetitioner€both€to€cross„examine€his€Indiana€parole€officer€and€to€provide€his€wife€as€aÏwitness€in€his€behalf.€€Finally,€Petitioner€argues€that€Respondent€Traughber's€affidavitÍto€the€Governor€shows€that€the€TBOP€decided€to€revoke€Petitioner's€parole€beforeÏPetitioner's€hearing€took€place.€€Ìà àBoth€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€and€the€United€States€Supreme€CourtÏhave€stated€that€parole€revocation€hearings€are€meant€to€be€informal€and€do€not€affordÏ"the€full€panoply€of€rights€due€a€defendant."€€òòState€v.€Wadeóó,€863€S.W.2d€406,€€408Ï(Tenn.€1993).€€However,€in€a€final€revocation€hearing,€a€parolee€is€entitled€to€theÏminimum€requirements€of€due€process,€which€include€the€following:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à(a)€written€notice€of€the€claimed€violations€of€parole;€(b)Ïdisclosure€to€the€parolee€of€evidence€against€him;€(c)Ïopportunity€to€be€heard€in€person€and€to€present€witnessesÏand€documentary€evidence;€(d)€the€right€to€confront€andÏcross„examine€adverse€witnesses€(unless€a€hearing€officerÏspecifically€finds€good€cause€for€not€allowing€confrontation);Ï(e)€a€'neutral€and€detached'€hearing€body€such€as€aÏtraditional€parole€board,€members€of€which€need€not€beÏjudicial€officers€or€lawyers;€and€(f)€a€written€statement€by€theÏfact€finders€as€to€the€evidence€relied€on€and€reasons€forÏrevoking€parole.ÌÓÓÌòòIdóó.€(quoting€òòGagnon€v.€Scarpellióó,€411€U.S.€778,€786,€93€S.€Ct.€1756,€1761„62,€36€L.€Ed.Ï2d€656€(1973)).ÌÌà àThe€ultimate€question€in€this€appeal€is€whether€the€chancellor€erred€in€grantingÏRespondent's€Motion€to€Dismiss.€€Construing€the€Petition€liberally€and€taking€allÏallegations€of€fact€therein€as€true,€we€find€that€the€Petition€presents€a€valid€claim€thatÏthe€TBOP€acted€in€an€arbitrary€manner€in€rendering€its€decision.€€The€common€law€writÏof€certiorari€is€properly€granted€where€a€board€exercising€a€judicial€function€actsÏillegally.€€T.C.A.€ðð€27„8„101.€€Accordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€chancellor€grantingÏRespondent's€Motion€to€Dismiss€is€reversed.€€This€case€is€remanded€to€the€lower€courtÍfor€further€proceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.€€Costs€are€taxed€to€the€State€ofÏTennessee,€for€which€execution€may€issue,€if€necessary.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà àòòà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïóóà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àHIGHERS,€J.ÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌFARMER,€J.ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌLILLARD,€J.