ÿWPCþ …# VUFa %§ 0@­4í w@ 0„P 0DÔ  0J 0Tj 0^¾ 0h 0r„ 0|ö 0†r 0ø 1uˆ U,ý 0d)U, B¹U6ÖB) DC5 D3x AM«U*ø 0@"DbϦ“uv~vÓ† AOYƨ 0Dn D/² Bá˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀäÌÀÀÌÀä0 <¾½Q 9Z ‹.Courier New RegularX(ù$¡¡Ó  ÓÓ  Ó©U!¡Ó 3|xˆ tUuDvUwxyDz{D|}Ó€(4(3DX$¤¤Ý ƒù!ÝÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco d< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d((((7Border 1dd&&&&'ÿÿdxd€-)Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò :Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÔ€,ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€,XÔÌÌò òAugust€21,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€,ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó ÅÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòThe€court's€memorandum€opinion€reflects€that€the€plaintiffs€wereÏpermitted€to€orally€amend€their€complaint€to€seek€damages€for€inverse€condem…nation.€€As€will€be€later€seen€in€the€statement€of€issues,€no€issue€isÏpresented€relating€to€inverse€condemnation.óó€€Ì ‰Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòWe€should€note€that€if€the€plaintiffs€had€a€contract€action€against€theÏdefendant,€it€was€not€properly€pled€in€the€trial€court€and€is€not€before€thisÏcourt.€€We€are€limited€to€the€issue€of€estoppel.óóÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€%%X„d&ÓÑ#€%%Xd#ÑÔ€'ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÑ Ü ÑÑ ä ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€9¶XXdÖXXdÖ7ÑÙ€€ÙßL€+.);+'h|` ¤ `€€Lß›à@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALSÌÌÌÌÌÌSTANLEY€KEEBLER€€and€wife,€€€€€€)à àWASHINGTONÏCIRCUITÌLEE€H.€MORRIS€KEEBLER,€€€€€€€€€€)à àC.A.€NO.€03A01„9511„CV„00401Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€Plaintiffs„Appellants€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ìvs.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àHON.€THOMAS€J.€œSEELEY›,€JR.Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àJUDGEÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)ÌCITY€OF€JOHNSON€CITY,€€€€€€€€€€€)à àAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€Defendant„Appellee€€€€)ÌÌÌÌÌTHOMAS€C.€œJESSEE›,€Johnson€City,€for€Appellant.ÌÌÌK.€ERICKSON€œHERRIN›,€œHerrin›,€Booze€&€œRambo›,€Johnson€City,€forÏAppellee.ÌÌÌÌÌÌÓÓà@ àòòO€P€I€N€I€O€NóóÌÌà€ àMcMurray,€J.ÌÌà àThe€œplaintiffs›€brought€this€action€on€the€theory€of€trespassÏand€nuisance€claiming€that€the€defendant€unlawfully€divertedÏsurface€waters€upon€œtheir›€property€œduring›€the€course€of€improvingÏan€adjacent€street.× ƒ/ ××  ×€€After€a€bench€trial,€judgment€was€entered€inÏfavor€of€the€œplaintiffs›€in€the€amount€of€$137.00.€€œThe›€plain‚tiffsÏappealed.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àThe€œappellants›€œhave›€presented€the€following€issues€for€ourÏconsideration:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà0 àà à1.à àThe€trial€court€erred€in€applying€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated€Section€29„20„305(b)€rather€than€Tennes…see€Code€Annotated€Section€28„3„105.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà à2.à àDid€the€trial€court€err€in€finding€a€one€yearÏstatute€of€limitations€barring€certain€damages€whenÏthe€nuisance€is€by€its€nature€"temporary?"ÌÌà8 àà0 àà à3.à àDid€the€trial€court€err€in€not€finding€that€theÏCity€would€be€estopped€as€a€matter€of€law€fromÏdenying€their€contractual€obligation€to€pay€theÏplaintiffs€for€certain€œitems.× ƒ0 ××  ×›ÌÌÓÓÌà àOur€standard€of€review€is€òòde€novoóó€upon€the€record,€with€aÏpresumption€of€correctness€of€the€findings€of€fact€by€the€trialÏcourt.€€Unless€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€findings,€weÏmust€affirm,€absent€an€error€of€law.€€See€Rule€13(d),€TennesseeÏRules€of€Appellate€Procedure.€€No€presumption€attaches€to€conclu…sions€of€law.€€òòAdams€v.€Dean€Roofing€Co.óó,€715€S.W.2d€341,€343Ï(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1986).ÌÌà àThe€first€two€issues€presented€for€review€by€the€appellantsÏare,€for€all€practical€purposes,€one€and€the€same,€òòi.eóó.,€did€theÏtrial€court€apply€the€appropriate€statute€of€limitations?ÌÌà àT.C.A.€ðð€29„20„305(b)€is€a€part€of€the€Governmental€TortÏLiability€Act.€€It€provides€as€follows:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà à(b)€€Said€action€[any€action€maintainable€under€theÏGovernmental€Tort€Liability€Act]€must€be€commencedÏwithin€twelve€(12)€months€after€the€cause€of€actionÏarises.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àT.C.A.€ðð€28„3„105€provides€that€actions€for€injuries€toÏpersonal€or€real€property€shall€be€brought€within€three€years.€€ItÏappears,€however,€that€cases€governed€by€the€Governmental€TortÏLiability€Act,€nuisance€or€otherwise,€do€not€fall€within€theÏpurview€of€T.C.A.€ðð€28„3„105.ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àThe€Tennessee€Governmental€Tort€Liability€ActÏexpressly€provides€that€except€as€allowed€by€the€Act€allÏgovernmental€entities€are€immune€from€suit€for€anyÍinjuries€resulting€from€the€activities€of€the€entity€inÏthe€exercise€or€discharge€of€any€of€its€functions.ÏT.C.A.€ðð€29„20„201€(1980).€Actions€against€governmentalÏentities€for€damages€on€the€theory€of€liability€histori…cally€labeled€nuisance€are€included€in€and€covered€byÏthe€act.€òòCollier€v.€Memphis€Light,€Gas€&€Water€Divisionóó,Ï657€S.W.2d€771€(Tenn.€App.€1983).̛̜ÌòòSmith€v.€City€of€Covingtonóó,€734€S.W.2d€327.€€Ì̛̜à8 àà à...€The€legislature€left€little€doubt€that€actionsÏagainst€governmental€entities€for€damages€based€onÏactivities€historically€labeled€"nuisance"€are€nowÏincluded€in€and€covered€by€the€Act.€[Governmental€TortÏLiability€Act.]̛̜ÌòòCollier€v.€Memphis€Light,€Gas€&€Water€œDiv›óó.,€657€S.W.2d€771€(Tenn.ÏApp.€œ1983.›à àÌÓÓœÌÓÓà8 àà àA›€nuisance€is€anything€that€annoys€or€disturbs€theÏfree€use€of€one's€property,€or€that€renders€its€ordinaryÏuse€or€physical€occupation€uncomfortable.€òòPate€v.€CityÏof€Martinóó,€614€S.W.2d€46,€47€(Tenn.€1981);€òòAnthony€v.ÏConstruction€Products,€Incóó.,€677€S.W.2d€4,€7€(Tenn.€App.Ï1984);€òòCaldwell€v.€Knox€Concrete€Products,€Incóó.,€391ÏS.W.2d€5,€9€(Tenn.€App.€1964).€A€temporary€nuisance€isÏone€that€can€be€corrected€by€the€expenditure€of€labor€orÏmoney.€òòPateóó,€614€S.W.2d€at€48;€òòAnthonyóó,€677€S.W.2d€at€7;ÏòòCaldwellóó,€391€S.W.2d€at€11.€Obviously,€the€water€runoffÏannoyed€or€disturbed€the€free€use€of€[the€plaintiff's]Ïproperty,€and€the€problem€was€corrected€by€the€expendi…ture€of€labor€or€money.€Thus,€it€seems€clear€that€[theÍplain‚tiff's]€claim€for€water€damage€to€the€property€is€aÏclaim€for€temporary€nuisance.€However,€because€the€claimÏis€against€a€municipality€of€the€State€of€Tennessee,€itÏmust€be€adjudicated€under€the€provisions€of€the€Tennes…see€Governmental€Tort€Liability€Act,€T.C.A.€ððððÏ29„20„101,€et€seq.€(1980€and€Supp.€1987).€ÌœÌ›Ì€òòHayes€v.€City€of€Maryvilleóó,€747€S.W.2d€346€(Tenn.€App.€1987).ÌÌà8 àÌÌÓÓœà àThe€appellants€concede€in€their€brief€that€this€is€an€action€Ïfor€damages€arising€from€a€temporary€nuisance.ÌÌ›à àThe€cases€above€cited€lead€to€the€inescapable€conclusion€thatÏthe€case€under€consideration€here€is€controlled€by€the€Governmen…tal€Tort€Liability€Act.€€This€conclusion€is€supported€by€òòWilliamsÏv.€Memphis€Lightóó,€773€S.W.2d€522€(Tenn.€App.€1988),€quoting€òòAuto…mobile€œSales›€Co.€v.€Johnsonóó,€122€S.W.2d€œ453€(Tenn.€1938),›€whereinÏit€is€said:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àWhere€a€statute€creates€a€new€liability€or€extendsÏa€new€right€to€bring€suit€and€that€statute€provides€aÏtime€period€within€which€to€bring€the€action,€thatÏperiodÌÌà8 àà0 à'operates€as€a€limitation€of€the€liability€itselfÏas€created,€and€not€of€the€remedy€alone.€€It€is€aÏcondition€attached€to€the€right€to€sue€at€all.'€€AsÏthus€defined,€the€right€of€action€is€conditional.€ÏThe€limitation€inheres€in€the€right€itself.ÌÌà8 àà à...€Ô&  ÔSince€the€Act€[Governmental€Tort€Liability€Act]Ïcreated€a€new€liability,€it€must€be€strictly€construed.Ï(Citation€omitted).€€In€so€doing,€we€find€that€theÏtwelve„month€limitation€period€of€T.C.A.€ðð€29„20„305(b)Ïfor€bringing€an€action€is€a€condition€precedent€whichÏmust€be€met€before€a€suit€may€be€brought€against€aÏgovernmental€entity.ÌÌÌòòWilliams€v.€Memphis€Lightóó,€773€S.W.2d€522,€at€page€523ÓÓÌÔ'  ÔÌÓÓà8 àà àThe€proof€is€clear€that€the€[condition€complainedÏof]€was€of€a€continuing€nature€...€and€could€have€beenÏcorrected€by€the€expenditure€of€labor€or€money.€Thus,€itÏconstituted€a€temporary€nuisance.€òòSeeóó€òòCaldwell€v.€KnoxÏConcrete€Products,€Inc.óó,€54€Tenn.€App.€393,€391€S.W.2dÏ5,€(1964).€Where€the€nuisance€is€temporary€the€damagesÏto€plaintiff's€property€are€recurrent€and€may€be€recov…ered€from€time€to€time€until€the€nuisance€is€abated.ÏòòCaldwell€Ô&  Ôv.€Knox€Concrete€Products,€Incóó.,€391€S.W.2d€atÏ11.€...ÌÌÌòòSmith€v.€City€of€Covingtonóó,€supra,€page€329.Ô'  ÔÌÌÓÓÌà àWe€are€of€the€opinion€that€the€trial€court€correctly€appliedÏthe€time€limitation€contained€in€the€Governmental€Tort€LiabilityÏAct,€T.C.A.€ðð€29„20„305(b).€€The€trial€court€allowed€damages€whichÏœwere€found›€œto€have€been€sustained›€by€the€œappellants›€during€theÏtwelve€(12)€months€immediately€preceding€the€filing€of€this€ac…tion.€€œThis›€is€in€keeping€with€òòSmithóó,€œsupra.€€No€issue€is€made€ofÏthe€amount€of€damages€for€that€period.›€€We€find€no€merit€in€theÏfirst€two€issues.ÌÌà àAs€to€the€third€issue,€it€is€a€general€rule€that€questions€orÏissues€not€raised€in€the€trial€court€will€not€be€entertained€onÏappeal.€òòLawrence€v.€Stanfordóó,€655€S.W.2d€927€(Tenn.€1983);€òòCity€ofÏœLavergne›€v.€Southern€Silver,€Incóó.,€872€S.W.2d€687€(Tenn.€App.Ï1993).€We,€therefore,€reluctantly€address€the€third€issue€present…ed€for€two€reasons.€€Firstly,€the€record€does€not€sufficientlyÏestablish€that€the€issue€was€raised€in€the€trial€court.€€Secondly,Ïin€their€brief,€the€appellants€failed€to€meet€the€requirements€ofÏthe€Tennessee€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure.€€In€addressing€thisÍissue,€the€appellants€gave€no€citations€to€the€record€whatever€toÏsupport€their€position.€€It€is€not€incumbent€upon€this€Court€toÏsift€through€the€record€in€order€to€find€proof€to€substantiate€theÏfactual€allegations€of€the€œparties.€òòSeeóó›€òòœRedbud›€Coop.€Corp.€v.ÏClaytonóó,€700€S.W.2d€551,€557€(Tenn.€App.€1985);€òòFirst€AmericanÏBank€of€Nashville€v.€Woodsóó,€734€S.W.2d€622,€626€(Tenn.€App.€1987).ÌÌà àIn€the€interest€of€justice,€however,€we€will€briefly€discussÏthe€issue€of€estoppel.€€...€œ"Public›€agencies€are€not€subject€toÏequitable€estoppel€or€estoppel€in€pais€to€the€same€extent€asÏprivate€parties€and€very€exceptional€circumstances€are€required€toÏinvoke€the€doctrine€against€the€State€and€its€governmental€subdi…visions."€òòœBledsoe›€County€v.€œMcReynolds›óó,€703€S.W.2d€123,€124€(Tenn.Ï1985).€€Suffice€it€to€say€that€the€record€as€filed€with€this€courtÏdoes€not€support€a€finding€of€such€exceptional€circumstances€thatÏwould€œpermit›€the€application€of€any€doctrine€of€estoppel€to€theÏdefendant,€City€of€Johnson€City.€€We€find€no€merit€in€the€appel…lants'€third€issue.ÌÌà àThe€appellee€has€also€presented€an€issue€for€our€œconsider…ation,›€challenging€the€sufficiency€of€the€record€as€filed€in€thisÏcourt.€€Our€disposition€of€the€issues€raised€by€the€œappellants,›Ïhowever,€œhas€rendered›€the€appellee's€issue€moot.€€We€œpoint›€œout›Ïœthat›€the€trial€court€noted€on€the€partial€transcript€œ"[t]his›€isÏnot€a€complete€transcript€of€the€proceedings€and€does€not€'conveyÏa€fair,€accurate€and€complete€account€of€what€happened'€at€theÏtrial€(T.R.A.P.€24(b)."€€Lacking€an€adequate€transcript,€we,€underÏapplicable€law,€œare€at€liberty€to›€conclusively€œpresume›€that€theÏrecord€supports€the€findings€of€the€trial€court.€òòSeeóó€òòIn€œre›ÏœRockwell›óó,€673€S.W.2d€512,€(Tenn.€App.€1983);€òò€Wilson€v.€œHafley›óó,Ï189€Tenn.€598,€226€S.W.2d€308,€(1949);€and€òòœKyritsis›€v.€œVieron›óó,€53ÏTenn.€App.€336,€382€S.W.2d€553,€œ(1964).€€Nevertheless,€we€haveÏendeavored€to€review€the€case€as€completely€as€the€limited€recordÏpermits.›ÌÌà àWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Costs€are€as…sessed€to€the€appellants€and€this€case€is€remanded€to€the€trialÏcourt€for€the€collection€thereof.ÌÌÌÓÓà€ àœ______________________________›Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Don€T.€McMurray,€J.ÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌHouston€M.€Goddard,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌCharles€D.€Susano,€Jr.,€JudgeÌÌœÇÑ  ÑÑ7€Ë>XXd×XXd×7Ñà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALSÌÌÌÌÌÌÌSTANLEY€KEEBLER€€and€wife,€€€€€€)à àWASHINGTON€CIRCUITÌLEE€H.€MORRIS€KEEBLER,€€€€€€€€€€)à àC.A.€NO.€03A01„9511„CV„00401Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€Plaintiffs„Appellants€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ìvs.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àHON.€THOMAS€J.€SEELEY,€JR.Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àJUDGEÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)ÌCITY€OF€JOHNSON€CITY,€€€€€€€€€€€)à àAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€Defendant„Appellee€€€€)ÌÌÌ€Ìà@ àò òòòORDERóóó óÌÌÌÓÓà àThis€appeal€came€on€to€be€heard€upon€the€record€from€theÏCircuit€Court€of€Washington€County,€briefs€and€argument€of€coun…sel.€€Upon€consideration€thereof,€this€Court€is€of€the€opinionÏthat€there€was€no€reversible€error€in€the€trial€court.Ìà àWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Costs€are€as…sessed€to€the€appellants€and€this€case€is€remanded€to€the€trialÏcourt€for€the€collection€thereof.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€PER€CURIAM›