ÿWPCà …# VU:a %› 0(¡b Éw@Õ4 ) 8 0J@ 0TŠ 0^Þ 0h< 0r¤ 0| 0†’ 0 1u¨ 0d U * B)« DCÔ AMödv~ZvÓØ B« D3È 0@û AO;ÆŠ 0DP D/” BØHP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÈÚØÚÚØÈÚ0nLHÎ,†r‰AZ‹"Arial RegularX($¡¡- ù - JKELMNEOEPQRÓ€\ DÒ 3|x\2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d7Border 1dd€- Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ìÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌMay€9,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò d%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÑ  ÑÒ € ÒÒ ° ÒÒ € ÒÒ „ ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€ÇÇXXdædÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ñ›Þ ÞÌGEORGE€AVERY€LAND€and€wife,à à)ÌSTELLA€FAYE€LAND,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àPlaintiffs/Appellees,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àAppeal€No.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à01„A„01„9611„CH„00524ÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àSequatchie€Chancery̜ـ€ÙßR€!" A1-j|LÜ` ç `€€@ÿRß›à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€1507ÌBUSTER€CRUM€and€wife,à àà àà à)ÌPATRICIA€L.€CRUM,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àDefendants/Appellants.à àà à)ÌÌÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àMIDDLE€SECTION€AT€NASHVILLEÌÌÌà@ àAPPEAL€FROM€THE€CHANCERY€COURT€OF€SEQUATCHIE€COUNTYÌà@ àAT€DUNLAP,€TENNESSEEÌÌÌà@ àHONORABLE€JEFFREY€F.€STEWART,€CHANCELLORÌÌÌÌÌL.€Thomas€AustinÌP.€O.€box€666ÌDunlap,€Tennessee€37327ÌATTORNEY€FOR€PLAINTIFFS/APPELLEESÌÌHoward€L.€UpchurchÌP.€O.,€Box€381ÌPikeville,€Tennessee€37367ÌATTORNEY€FOR€DEFENDANTS/APPELLANTSÌÌÌÌÌÌà@ àÔ€¼Ôò òAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDó óÔ€XÔÌÌÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àHENRY€F.€TODD,€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àPRESIDING€JUDGE,€MIDDLE€SECTIONÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌCONCURS:ÌÌSAMUEL€L.€LEWIS,€JUDGEÌBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEÌÌÌGEORGE€AVERY€LAND€and€wife,à à)ÌSTELLA€FAYE€LAND,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àPlaintiffs/Appellees,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àAppeal€No.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à01„A„01„9611„CH„00524ÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àSequatchie€ChanceryÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€1507ÌBUSTER€CRUM€and€wife,à àà àà à)ÌPATRICIA€L.€CRUM,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àDefendants/Appellants.à àà à)ÌÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà@ àò òòòÔ€„ÔO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óóóÔ€XÔÌà àà àThe€defendants,€Buster€Crum€and€wife€Patricia€L.€Crum,€haveÏappealed€from€the€judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€resolving€a€boundary€disputeÏfavorably€to€the€plaintiffs,€George€Avery€Land€and€wife,€Stella€Faye€Land.€€TheÏsole€issue€presented€to€this€Court€by€the€defendants/appellants€is:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àWhether€the€Chancellor€erred€by€ruling€that€theÏcommon€boundary€line€between€the€partiesðð€propertiesÏshould€be€surveyed€in€the€course€and€distance€methodÏwhen€there€were€ample€natural€objects,€landmarks,Ïartificial€monuments€and€lines€of€adjoining€landownersÏsufficiently€describing€the€common€boundary€line.à àÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àThe€appelleeððs€version€of€the€issue€on€appeal€is:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àWhether€the€Chancellor€properly€set€the€boundaryÏbetween€the€parties€given€all€the€evidence€presentedÏat€trial.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà@ àò òI.ó óÌà@ àòòò òThe€Factual€Situationó óóóÌà àà àAccording€to€a€surveyorððs€drawing€in€the€record,€the€plaintiffs€andÏdefendants€own€adjoining€lots€in€a€19€lot€subdivision.€€All€of€the€lots€front€on€theÏsoutherly€side€of€a€road€variously€referred€to€as€ð ðthe€Old€Hill€Road,ðð€or€ð ðthe€OldÏDunlap€Cagle€Road.ðð€€Lots€1€through€8€vary€in€width,€but€lots€9€through€19€haveÏidentical€frontages€of€200€feet€each,€and€areas€varying€from€10.5€acres€to€12.5Ïacres.€€œPlaintiffsðð›€lot€is€shown€as€lot€19,€and€the€adjoining€lot€of€œdefendants›€is€lotÏ18.€€The€plat€shows€œplaintiffsðð›€lot€as€fronting€200€feet€on€the€southwesterly€side€ofÏOld€Dunlap€Cagle€Road€and€extending€back€between€parallel€straight€lines€œ2,100›Ïfeet€on€the€northwest€side€and€œ2,030›€feet€plus€or€minus€on€the€southeast€side€(theÏcommon€boundary€with€lot€18)€to€a€straight€dead€line€on€which€it€measures€255Ïfeet€more€or€less.€€The€plat€shows€lot€18€fronting€200€feet€on€the€public€road€andÍextending€between€parallel€straight€lines€230€feet€more€or€less€on€northwest€(theÏcommon€boundary€with€lot€19)€and€1980€feet€on€the€southeasterly€side€to€aÏstraight€dead€line€on€which€it€measures€260€feet€more€or€less.ÌÌà@ àò òII.Ìà@ àòòThe€Pleadingsó óóóÌà àà àThe€complaint€alleges€that€plaintiffs€are€owners€of€propertyÏdescribed€in€a€deed€exhibited€to€the€complaint.€€The€deed,€dated€January€9,€1963,Ïstates€that€Everett€Roberts€and€wife€conveyed€to€plaintiffs€a€tract€described€inÏdetail€as€follows:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà8 àà àLying€and€being€in€the€2nd€Civil€District,€FlatÏMountain€Baptist€Church€Community€of€SequatchieÏCounty,€Tennessee,€bounded€and€described€asÏfollows:ÌÌà8 àà8 àà àBeginning€on€a€point€in€the€center€line€of€the€HillÏ(Old)€Road€opposite€a€Cross€on€rock,€in€the€SoutheastÏboundary€of€the€Isaac€Williams€Triangle,€being€theÏNorthwest€corner€of€a€tract€of€land€conveyed€by€deedÏdated€______€Tennessee€Land€Company€to€theÏTrustees€of€the€Flat€Mountain€Baptist€Church€of€recordÏin€Deed€Book€No.€2€page€248€in€the€Registerððs€Office€ofÏSequatchie€County,€Tennessee;€thence€with€the€centerÏline€of€the€Hill€Road€and€the€West€boundary€line€of€theÏChurch€property€South€26ðð€and€53'€East€325.0€feet€toÏthe€Southwest€corner€of€said€Church€property,Ïcontinuing€with€the€center€line€of€the€Hill€Road€SouthÏ25ðð€East€700.0€feet€òòto€a€point€with€pine€and€red€oakÏpointers;€thence€South€58ðð€and€30'€West,€crossingÏbranch€780€feet,€fence€corner€945€feet,€with€fence€lineÍ1778€feet€fence€corner,€crossing€branch€1950€feet,€inÏall€2100.0€feet€to€a€stake€with€chestnut€oak€pointeróó;Ïthence€North€4ðð€and€15'€West,€fence€corner€300€feet,Ïwith€fence€line€1208€feet€fence€corner,€1292€road,Ï1600€feet€road,€in€all€1808€feet€to€a€stake€in€paintedÏline€and€fence€line,€being€the€South€line€of€the€IsaacÏWilliams€369€acre€tract;€thence€with€the€South€line€ofÏthe€Williams€tract€and€fence€line€North€77ðð€and€14'€EastÏ140.0€feet€to€a€Tennessee€Land€Company€iron€corner;Ïthence€with€the€west€line€of€the€Isaac€Williams€TriangleÏSouth€12ðð€and€46'€East€989.1€feet€to€a€TennesseeÏLand€Company€iron€corner;€thence€with€the€South€lineÏof€the€Isaac€Williams€Triangle€North€46ðð€and€26'€EastÏ100.0€feet€a€Tennessee€Land€Company€iron€pointerÏcorner,€continuing€North€26ðð€and€26'€East€with€theÏSouth€line€of€the€Esaac€Williams€Triangle€1505€feet€toÏthe€point€of€beginning,€€containing€€45€€acres,€€more€€or€Ïless.€€€(The€Ìà àà àemphasized€€€verbiage€€of€€plaintiffððs€€deed€€describe€€the€Ìà àà àdisputed€boundary€line.)ÌÌà àà àÌÌÓÓà àà àThe€complaint€also€alleged€that€the€defendants€are€the€owners€ofÏland€described€in€a€deed€exhibited€to€the€complaint€and€recorded€on€July€10,Ï1982.€€Said€deed€states€that€Cynthia€Austin€conveyed€to€defendants€landÏdescribed€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àa€certain€tract€or€parcel€of€land€in€2nd€Civil€District€ofÏSequatchie€County,€State€of€Tennessee,€as€follows:ÌÌà8 àà8 àBEGINNING€at€a€stake€in€the€south€margin€of€the€oldÏDunlap„Cagle€(Old€Hill€Road),€said€point€being€theÏnorthwestern€corner€of€the€tract€of€land€acquired€byÏStephen€T.€Greer,€et€al,€by€deed€recorded€in€DeedÏBook€48,€page€418,€Registerððs€Office€of€SequatchieÏCounty,€Tennessee,€said€point€also€being€a€corner€toÏthe€property€of€Avery€Land,€thence€along€the€southÍmargin€of€said€Old€Cagle€Road€(Old€Hill€Road),€SouthÏ23€deg.€32'€East€200€feet€òòto€a€stake€in€the€south€marginÏof€said€road,€then€South€52€deg.€West€2,030€feet€moreÏor€less,€to€a€point€in€the€original€southwest€boundaryÏline€of€property€acquired€by€Stephen€T.€Greer,€et€al,€byÏdeed€recorded€in€Deed€Book€48,€page€418óó,€thenceÏNorthwestwardly€along€the€original€southwestÏboundary€line€of€said€original€tract€255€feet€more€orÏless,€to€the€southwest€corner€of€the€Avery€LandÏproperty,€thence€along€the€southeast€line€of€said€AveryÏLand€property€North€38€deg.€30'€East€2,100€feet€to€theÏpoint€of€BEGINNING,€containing€10.7€acres,€more€orÏless.€€€(The€€€emphasized€€€words€€of€€defendantððs€€deed€Ìà àà àdescribe€the€disputed€boundary€line.)ÌÌà8 àà8 àBeing€the€same€property€conveyed€to€Cynthia€AustinÏfrom€Stephen€T.€Greer,€et€al,€by€deed€of€record€in€DeedÏBook€57,€page€382€Registerððs€Office€of€SequatchieÏCounty,€Tennessee.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àThe€complaint€further€alleged€that€defendants€had€committedÏtrespass€and€waste€upon€plaintiffsðð€property.ÌÌà àà àThe€answer€admitted€the€above€mentioned€deed,€but€deniedÏencroachment€upon€plaintiffððs€land.ÌÌà@ àò òIII.Ìà@ àòòThe€Decision€of€the€Trial€Courtó óóóÌÌà àà àAfter€a€œnon„jury›€trial,€on€June€2,€1993,€the€Trial€Court€entered€anÏorder€containing€the€following:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àÌà8 àà8 àà àIT€IS,€THEREFORE,€ORDERED,€ADJUDGEDÏAND€DECREED€that€the€property€line€shall€extend€twoÏhundred€(200.0)€feet€along€the€road€beginning€with€theÏiron€marker€which€is€common€to€the€defendants€andÏMr.€Lockhart,€and€there€is€no€dispute€as€to€the€southernÏboundary€of€the€defendants€which€shall€go€from€theÏcorner€of€Mr.€Lockhart€at€least€two€hundred€fifty€fiveÏ(255.0)€feet€as€called€for€in€the€defendantsðð€deed,€if€itÏgoes€to€the€pile€of€rocks€with€the€iron€pin€therein€as€theÏplaintiff,€George€Avery€Land,€testified.€€From€those€twoÏ(2)€marks,€the€line€shall€be€a€straight€call€from€the€pointÏestablished€on€the€road€to€the€point€established€on€theÏback€side€of€the€property,€with€said€line€to€beÏestablished€by€a€survey€and€the€expense€of€saidÏsurvey€to€be€borne€equally€by€the€parties€hereto.€€TheÏsurvey€of€said€property€is€attached€to€this€order,€alongÏwith€a€portion€of€the€Chancellorððs€memorandumÏopinion,€which€are€hereto€designated€as€Exhibits€ð ðAððÏand€ð ðBðð.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àExhibit€A€to€the€order€of€the€Trial€Court€is€exhibited€to€this€opinion€asÏExhibit€A.ÌÌà@ àò òIV.Ìà@ àòòResolution€of€the€Issuesó óóóÌà àà àThe€parties€are€agreed€as€to€the€location€of€the€termini€of€theÏdisputed€line,€i.e.,€the€corner€at€the€road€and€the€corner€at€the€rear€of€the€property.€ÏPlaintiffs€contend,€and€the€Trial€Court€found€that€the€boundary€was€a€straight€lineÍbetween€the€two€corners.€€The€defendants€insist€that€the€line€meanders€to€conformÏto€certain€natural€and€artificial€monuments€not€mentioned€in€deeds€but€which,Ïaccording€to€the€testimony€of€Mr.€Crum,€were€pointed€out€to€Mr.€Crum€by€Mr.€LandÏshortly€after€the€defendants€purchased€their€lot.€€Mr.€Land€testified€that€he€did€notÏpoint€out€the€disputed€monuments€to€Mr.€Crum.€€This€is€the€only€disputedÏtestimony€in€the€record,€and€it€is€determinative€of€the€appeal.ÌÌà àà àMr.€Land€explained€that€the€disputed€monuments€were€paintedÏmarks€on€trees€which€had€been€placed€by€him€well€within€his€lot€to€prevent€someÏtimber€cutters€œfrom€cutting€trees€on€adjoining›€œland,›€a€part€of€which€later€becameÏthe€defendantsðð€lot.€€The€Trial€Judge€evidently€accredited€the€testimony€of€Mr.ÏLand€in€preference€to€that€of€Mr.€Crum,€thereby€reaching€the€result€above€stated.€ÌÌà àà àThe€rule€concerning€preference€of€natural€and€artificial€monumentsÏis€inapplicable€where€they€are€œnot€needed€to€complete€ambiguous€or€incompleteÏdeed€discriptions.›ÌÌà àà àIn€òòThornburg€v.€Chaseóó,€Tenn.€App.€1980,€606€S.W.2d€672,€this€CourtÏreversed€a€boundary€line€judgment€and€held€that,€although€an€unascertained€orÏdisputed€boundary€may€be€established€by€a€parol€agreement,€the€evidence€didÏnot€establish€such€an€agreement;€that,€in€establishing€disputed€boundaries,Ïnatural€landmarks€are€considered€first,€artificial€marks€or€monuments€areÍconsidered€second,€and€finally€courses€and€distances;€and€that€this€rule€ofÏconstruction€is€designed€to€aid€in€determining€the€intention€of€the€parties€to€aÏdeed€which€is€to€be€determined€if€possible€from€the€instrument€in€connection€withÏthe€surrounding€circumstances.ÌÌà àà àThe€cited€opinion€is€not€authority€for€modifying€a€clear€description€inÏa€deed€which€requires€no€interpretation.ÌÌà àà àIn€òòPrichard€v.€Reborióó,€135€œTenn.€328,›€186€S.W.€121€(1916),€theÏSupreme€Court€held€that€the€reason€for€the€preference€of€monuments€is€that€theÏparties€are€presumed€to€have€examined€the€property€and€to€have€taken€note€ofÏthe€monuments€in€the€line.€€This€observation€has€no€œapplication€where€there€is€noÏneed€to€supplement€the€deed€discription.›ÌÌà àà àThe€deed€to€defendants,€quoted€above,€described€the€disputed€lineÏas€follows:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à.€.€.€thence€along€the€south€margin€of€said€Old€CagleÏRoad€(Old€Hill€Road)€South€23€deg.€32'€East€to€òòa€stakeÏin€the€south€margin€of€said€road,€thence€South€52€deg.ÏWest€2030€feet€more€or€less€to€a€point€in€the€southwestÏboundary€line€of€property€acquired€by€Stephen€T.ÏGreer€et€al€by€deed€recorded€in€Deed€Book€48€pageÏ418óó€.€.€.€.ÌÓÓÌœà àà àThe€deed€to€plaintiffs,€quoted€above,€described€the€line€as€follows:ÌÓÓÌÓÓÓÓà àà à„€„€„€€thence€€south€58€degrees€and€30€minutes€west€„€„€„€Ìà àà à2,100€feet€to€a€stake€„€„€„.ÌÓÓÌ›à àà àThe€parties€agree€upon€the€two€points€or€corners€which€areÏconnected€by€the€disputed€line.€€The€course€of€said€line€is€clearly€stated€as€SouthÏ52€degrees€œwest€or€south€58€degrees€30€minutes€west.›€€No€physical€monumentsÏare€mentioned,€hence€the€line€must€be€a€straight€line€in€the€direction€statedÏwithout€deviation.ÌÌà àà àThe€plats€drawn€by€the€various€surveyors€show€courses€differentÏfrom€the€courses€stated€in€the€deeds€of€the€parties,€but€this€is€consideredÏirrelevant€because€no€surveyor€showed€a€deviation€from€a€straight€line€except€theÏsurveyor€for€defendants€whose€testimony€included€the€following:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àQ.à àOkay.€€Does€the€Crum€deed€name€anyÏmonuments€or€physical€points€on€the€ground€that€youÏcould€find?ÌÌà8 àà8 àA.à àNo,€itððs€not€calling€for€physical€points.€€It€doesÏcall€for€going€with€the€Avery€land.ÌÌà àà à.€.€.ÌÌà8 àà8 àA.à àThe€land€deed€is€very€precise€in€its€notation€ofÏphysical€monuments.€€It€„„€the€part€thatððs€pertaining€toÏthis€comes€down€the€center€of€Hill€Road,€says€to€aÏpoint.€€Of€course,€thatððs€a€point€in€the€center€of€the€roadÏand€no€longer€decipherable.€€But€from€there€it€goes€soÏmany€feet,€780€feet€crossing€a€branch,€hits€a€fenceÏcorner€at€945€feet,€then€with€the€fence€line€1778€feet€toÍa€fence€corner€and€then€crossing€a€branch€1950€for€aÏtotal€of€2100€to€a€stake€with€chestnut€pointer.ÌÌà àà à.€.€.ÌÌà8 àà8 àQ.à àOkay.€€On€the€road€side€of€it,€the€line€starts€with€aÏpine€and€red€oak€pointers.€€Did€you€find€a€pine€and€redÏoak€pointers€on€the€road€side€of€it?ÌÌà8 àà8 àA.à àThe€pine€and€red€oak€pointers,€if€youððll€note,€thatÏcomes€down€the€center€of€the€road.ÌÌà àà àQ.à àYes,€sir.ÌÌà8 àà8 àA.à àAnd€no,€those€were€not€existing.€€We€did€find€anÏestablished€corner€off€of€the€road€on€the€right„of„way.ÌÌà àà à.€.€.ÌÌà8 àà8 àQ.à àOkay.€€Now,€after€finding€those€two€points,€whatÏdid€you€do€to€try€to€ascertain€the€location€of€the€actualÏline€on€the€ground€between€those€two€points?ÌÌà8 àà8 àA.à àAfter€viewing€all€of€the€evidence,€according€toÏreestablishing€the€lines€state€law,€you€take€physicalÏevidence€or€physical€markers€holding€precedent.€€AndÏwith€Crumððs€deed€simply€calling€for€a€bearing,€a€courseÏin€distance,€and€calling€for€going€with€the€Avery€line,Ïwe€look€for€the€Avery€land€at€the€Avery€Land€deed€andÏthe€monuments€on€it.€€The€monuments€on€it,€beingÏmany€for€that€length€of€line,€and€the€particular€line€thatÏwas€there€we€found€an€existing€painted€line€that€hadÏbeen€painted€at€least€twice.€€We€followed€that€line.€€AndÏwe€did€not€shoot€it€by€course€in€distance€because€ofÏthe€physical€evidence€taken€precedent€over€it.€€And€weÏfound€natural€monuments,€which€is€called€„„€creeksÏwould€be€a€natural€monument.€€And€we€found€thereððsÏtwo€of€those€called€for€in€the€deed.€€They€are€existing.€ÏThey€are€there.€€We€found,€also,€artificial€monuments,Ïwhich€is€„„€fences€would€be€an€artificial€monument.€€WeÏfound€that€called€for€in€the€deed.ÌÌà8 àà8 àQ.à àOkay.€€What€youððre€saying,€I€believe,€if€Mr.€AustinÏwill€permit,€is€that€the€rules€of€instruction,€when€youððreÏtrying€to€establish€a€boundary€line,€say€you€look€toÏnatural€monuments€first,€artificial€monuments€next,€andÏthe€last€thing€you€look€to€is€course€and€distances,Ïcorrect?ÌÌà àà àA.à àRight.ÌÌà8 àà8 àQ.à àAnd€you€were€looking€for€natural€or€artificialÏmonuments€between€the€two€points€that€youððve€alreadyÏtestified€to,€on€the€ground;€is€that€correct?ÌÌà àà àA.à àYes.ÌÌà8 àà8 àQ.`Okay.€€Now,€after€„„€after€making€that€examination,ÏMr.€Bradley,€did€you€establish€a€„„€did€you€draw€a€lineÏthrough€there€and€establish€on€the€line€the€actualÏartificial€and€natural€monuments€that€you€found€on€thisÏline?ÌÌà àà àA.à àYes.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àThe€testimony€of€this€witness€suggests€numerous€monuments€uponÏwhich€the€defendants€rely;€but€neither€the€testimony€of€this€witness€nor€the€platÏpresented€by€him€furnishes€any€guidance€for€the€establishment€and€laterÏdelineation€of€a€boundary€line€other€than€the€two€agreed€upon€corners.ÌÌà àà àThe€testimony€of€Mr.€Crum€supports€his€reliance€upon€an€agreedÏboundary,€but€his€engineering€testimony€does€not€properly€delineate€theÏboundary€on€a€œplat€or€a€complete€metes€and€bounds€description.›ÌÌà àà àMoreover,€Mr.€Crumððs€testimony€as€to€the€agreed€boundary€isÏcontradicted€by€Mr.€Land,€and€the€Trial€court€accepted€the€version€of€Mr.€Land.ÌÌà àà àThe€description€in€defendantððs€deed,€quoted€above,€contains€onlyÏtwo€landmarks,€the€termini€which€are€agreed€upon€by€the€parties,€and€no€otherÏlandmarks.€€It€contains€no€other€land€marks€and€only€one€compass€directionÏ(South€52€degrees€West).ÌÌà àà àAs€above€indicated,€defendantððs€testimony€as€to€agreed€or€admittedÏœlandmarks›€was€not€accepted€by€the€Trial€Judge€and€this€Court€concurs€in€thatÏfinding.ÌÌà àà àThe€description€in€plaintiffððs€deed,€quoted€above,€does€contain€someÏlandmarks,€but€the€courses€and€distances€between€the€landmarks€are€insufficientÏto€require€a€modification€of€the€judgment€of€the€Trial€Court.€€From€the€agreedÏnortherly€corner,€the€line€proceeds€in€the€direction€of€œsouth›€œ58,›€30€œdegrees›€30Ïminutes€œwest,›€crossing€a€branch€at€780€feet,€passing€a€fence€corner€at€945€feet,Ïfollowing€a€fence€to€1,778€feet€to€another€fence€corner€and€crossing€anotherÏbranch€at€1,950€feet.€€The€only€direction€in€the€foregoing€is€œsouth›€58€œdegrees›€30Ïminutes€œwest.Ì›Ìà àà àThe€survey€ordered€by€the€Trial€Court€(Exhibit€A€to€their€opinionÏdoes€not€indicate€the€compass€reading€of€the€straight€line€decreed€by€the€TrialÏCourt.ÌÌà àà àœWith€the€clouded›€and€incomplete€engineering€data€it€is€readily€seenÏthat€a€straight€line€between€two€agreed€termini€was€the€only€satisfactory€resolutionÏavailable€to€the€Trial€Judge.ÌÌà àà àThis€œnon„jury›€judgment€comes€to€this€Court€for€review€de€novo€uponÏthe€record€and€must€be€affirmed€unless€the€evidence€preponderates€against€theÏfactual€findings€of€the€Trial€Judge.€€TRAP€Rule€13(d).ÌÌà àà àAny€conflict€in€testimony€requiring€a€determination€of€the€credibilityÏof€witnesses€is€for€the€Trial€Court€and€being€upon€the€reviewing€court€unless€otherÏreal€evidence€compels€a€contrary€conclusion.€€òòState€ex€rel€Balsinger€v.€Town€ofÏMadisonvilleóó,€222€Tenn.€272,€435€S.W.2d€803€(1968);€òòBowman€v.€Bowmanóó,€œTenn.›ÏApp.€1991,€836€S.W.2d€563.€€No€such€real€evidence€in€this€record€compels€aÏcontrary€conclusion.ÌÌà àà àThe€evidence€does€not€preponderate€against€the€factualÏconclusions€upon€which€the€judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€is€based.€€Upon€review€deÏnovo€upon€the€record,€this€Court€agrees€with€the€decision€of€the€Trial€Court.ÌÌà àà àThe€judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€is€affirmed.€€Costs€of€this€appeal€areÏassessed€against€the€appellants€and€their€surety.€€The€cause€is€remanded€to€theÏTrial€Court€for€necessary€further€proceedings.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓÔ€¼ÔAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDó óÔ€XÔÌÓ  ÓÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à_________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àHENRY€F.€TODD,Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àPRESIDING€JUDGE,€MIDDLE€SECTIONÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌSAMUEL€L.€LEWIS,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEÌÌÇÑ  Ñœ›