ÿWPCu …# VU:a %› 0L¡w@í4- A P X 0^ 0Dî 0J2 0T| n­Ð } 0^} 0hÛ 0rC 0|µ 0†1 0· 1uGU,¼ 0dèU,LU6x B®B)ËDCô AM7 D3„U*·ká 0@L‹Œv~vÓ• AOhÆ· 0h} 0Då D/) BXIBM 4019 LaserPrinter EIBM4019E.PRS,,,,,,,,0C°J<Ô6X9`+"Courier 10cpiX($¬$¡¡Ñ  ÑÓ  ÓÓ  Ó óDôEõUöE÷UøùúDûüDU_A ` ˜X°3|xýH(@(3Ù $¤¤Ý ƒ¬!ÝÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô«<þ6X9`("Courier 10cpiXXxþ6X@É“8Ç;X@2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Courier New d% Line 7 d''''7Border 1dd€-(Cþÿ << Gÿÿ&&&&'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(Arial aÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€+ÔÔ€+ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€+XÔÌÌò òFebruary€29,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€+ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòMr.€Matthews€name€is€spelled€as€"Mathews"€and€"Matthews"€in€the€record.€ÏWe€do€not€know€which€is€correct€but€we€shall€use€"Matthews"€since€it€seems€toÏbe€the€most€common€spelling.óóÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA: T Monaco ÒÒ  BA: T Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(@3±ò$¢¢Ý ƒ¬!ÝÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€$$X„d&ÓÑ#€$$Xd#ÑÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÑ  ÑÑ ä ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\Ñ›Ñ7€Ç XXdÈXXdÈ7ÑÙ€€ÙßL€),(;+'h|` Å `€€Lßà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALSÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓ` è` ˜XÓJAMES€E.€LINKOUS,€and€wife,€€€)à àHAMILTONÏCHANCERYÌÓ ` °œXÓPATRICIA€FERGUSON€LINKOUS,€€€€)à àC.A.€NO.€03A01„9510„CH„00341Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€Plaintiffs„Appellants)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ìvs.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àHON.€R.€VANN€OWENSÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àCHANCELLORÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)ÌDOUGLAS€E.€BURKHART€and€€€€€€€)à àAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDÌWILLIAM€A.€BURKHART,€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€Defendants„Appellees€)ÌÌÌÌÌPHILLIP€C.€LAWRENCE,€œPoole›,€Lawrence,€Thornbury,€Stanley€&€Morgan,ÏChattanooga,€for€Appellants.ÌÌÌL.€HALE€HAMILTON,€Spears,€Moore,€œRebman›€&€Williams,€Chattanooga,Ïfor€Appellees.ÌÌÌÌÌÌÓÓà@ àòòO€P€I€N€I€O€NóóÌÌà€ àMcMurray,€J.ÌÌà àThis€is€a€boundary€line€dispute.€€After€a€lengthy€bench€trialÏthe€Chancellor€established€a€common€boundary€between€the€lands€ofÏthe€parties€and€entered€judgment€accordingly.€€From€this€judgmentÏthis€appeal€resulted.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àThe€parties€are€the€owners€of€adjoining€tracts€of€land€locat…ed€in€Chattanooga.€€The€appellants€acquired€their€property€byÏwarranty€deed€from€Flora€P.€McKenna.ÌÌ€à àThe€description€recited€in€the€appellants'€deed€is€as€fol…lows:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àBEGINNING€at€a€point€in€the€Northern€line€of€theÏproperty€conveyed€to€Flora€P.€McKenna€and€husband,€E.€R.ÏMcKenna,€...€where€the€same€is€intersected€by€the€West…ern€line€of€State€Highway€#153;€thence€North€eighty„sixÏ(86)€degrees€thirty€(30)€minutes€West,€Two€hundredÏforty„seven€feet,€more€or€less€to€the€Northwest€CornerÏof€the€tract€conveyed€to€E.€R.€McKenna€and€wife,€FloraÏP.€McKenna,€by€deed€recorded€in€Book€1135,€page€517,€...Ïthence€South€one€(01)€degree€twenty„three€minutes€WestÏalong€the€Western€line€of€said€tract,€two€hundred€forty„seven€(247)€feet,€more€or€less,€to€a€point€in€the€West…ern€line€of€said€highway,€two€hundred€and€38/100Ï(200.38)€feet€to€the€point€of€beginning.ÌÌà@ à*€€€€€*€€€€€*€€€€€*ÌÌà8 àà àSUBJECT€to€the€Western€part€of€said€property€to€beÏused€in€the€extension€of€Gothard€Road€as€set€out€in€deedÏrecorded€in€Book€1135,€page€517,€in€the€Register'sÏOffice€of€Hamilton€County,€Tennessee.ÌÌÓÓÌà àThe€deed€to€appellants'€predecessor€in€title,€Frank€E.ÏœPeeples›€contains€the€following€recitation.ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àIt€is€the€intention€of€the€grantor€and€granteesÏthat€the€line€designated€as€South€1ðð€23',€a€distance€ofÏ200.38€feet,€is€to€be€the€center€of€Gothard€Road,€whenÏextended,€and€this€deed€includes€a€strip€of€land€approx…imately€ten€feed€wide€along€the€said€West€portion€of€theÏtract€of€land€herein€conveyed,€which€is€to€be€dedicatedÏfor€road€purposes.ÌÌÌà àThe€description€recited€in€the€appellees'€deed€is€as€follows:ÌÌÌÌà8 àà àTo€locate€the€point€of€beginning,€begin€at€a€pointÏin€the€Western€line€of€Highway€153€at€the€SoutheasternÏcorner€of€the€property€conveyed€to€Edwin€V.€Vandergriff;Ïthence€North€86€degrees€30€minutes€West€along€the€South…ern€line€of€the€Vandergriff€property€284.94€feet€to€aÏconcrete€monument€in€the€center€line€of€Gothard€Road,Ïthis€being€the€true€point€of€point€of€beginning;€thenceÏSouth€01€degree€23€minutes€West€200.38€feet;€thenceÏNorth€86€degrees€30€minutes€West€127€feet€to€the€centerÏline€of€a€12€foot€drive;€thence€north€01€degrees€09Ïminutes€04€seconds€West€37.77€feet;€thence€with€theÏcenter€line€of€the€drive€and€a€curve€to€the€right€101.56Ïfeet€to€a€point;€thence€North€53€degrees€24€minutes€37Ïseconds€East€112.37€feet€to€the€point€of€beginning.ÌÌÓÓÌà àAs€can€be€seen€from€a€literal€reading€of€the€descriptions€inÏthe€respective€deeds,€a€concrete€marker€in€the€center€line€ofÏGothard€Road€was€to€be€the€common€corner€of€the€parties.€€TheÏcourt€so€found€and€ordered€the€Linkous€deed€reformed€to€conform€toÏthe€point€in€the€center€line€of€Gothard€Road€with€the€Western€LineÏof€the€Linkous€property€being€a€common€boundary€with€Burkhart.€€ItÏis€this€judgment€which€gave€rise€to€this€appeal.ÌÌà àThe€appellant€has€presented€the€following€issue€for€ourÏconsideration:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àDid€the€trial€court€err€in€finding€that€the€north…east€corner€of€the€appellants'€tract€of€land€is€locatedÏa€distance€of€269.94€feet€from€a€concrete€monument,Ïwhich€itself€is€95€feet€west€from€the€center€line€ofÏHighway€153,€when€the€preponderance€of€the€evidenceÏshowed€that€the€corner€is€actually€274.1€feet€from€thisÏconcrete€monument?ÌÌÓÓÌà àThe€appellee€has€stated€three€issues€for€our€consideration,Ïhowever,€the€issues€are€essentially€and€in€substance€the€same€asÏthe€appellants',€i.e.,€does€the€evidence€preponderate€against€theÏfindings€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àIn€our€view,€the€issues€between€these€parties€can€be€moreÏsuccinctly€and€simply€stated,€i.e.,€does€the€evidence€preponderateÏagainst€the€findings€of€the€trial€court€in€establishing€the€commonÏboundary€between€these€parties.€€All€other€points€are€irrelevantÏexcept€as€they€may€relate€to€the€establishment€of€the€parties'Ïcommon€boundary.ÌÌà àOur€standard€of€review€under€Rule€13(d),€T.R.A.P.,€is€"[œu]nless›€otherwise€required€by€statute,€review€of€findings€of€factÏby€the€trial€court€in€civil€actions€shall€be€òòde€novoóó€upon€theÏrecord€of€the€trial€court,€accompanied€by€a€presumption€of€theÏcorrectness€of€the€finding,€unless€the€preponderance€of€the€evi…dence€is€otherwise."€€A€principle€of€law€concomitant€with€RuleÏ13(d)€is€that€where€the€evidence€is€conflicting,€findings€of€theÏtrial€court€which€are€dependent€on€determining€the€credibility€ofÏwitnesses€are€entitled€to€great€weight€on€appeal€because€the€trialÏjudge€had€the€opportunity€to€observe€the€manner€and€demeanor€ofÏthe€witnesses€while€testifying.€€òòœGalbreath›€v.€Harrisóó,€811€S.W.2dÏ88€(Tenn.€App.€1990)€citing€òòTown€of€Alamo€v.€œForcum›„James€Coóó.,€327ÏS.W.2d€47€(Tenn.€1959).€€...€on€an€issue€which€hinges€on€witnessÏcredibility,€the€trial€court€will€not€be€reversed€unless€there€isÏfound€in€the€record€clear,€concrete,€and€convincing€evidence€otherÏthan€the€oral€testimony€of€witnesses€which€contradict€the€trialÏcourt's€findings.€€òòSeeóó€€òòTennessee€Valley€Kaolin€Corp.€v.€Perryóó,Ï526€S.W.2d€488€(Tenn.€App.€1974).ÌÌà àThe€evidence€was€extensive€and€conflicting.€€There€is€evi…dence€oral€and€otherwise€which€supports€and€contradicts€the€find…ings€of€the€trial€court.€€None€of€the€demonstrative€evidence,Ïhowever,€meets€the€"clear,€concrete,€and€convincing"€test.€€TheÏprobative€value€of€the€maps,€plats€and€photographs€introduced€intoÏevidence€depend€to€a€very€large€extent€upon€the€oral€testimony€andÏcredibility€of€the€witnesses€authenticating€them.ÌÌà àIn€determining€disputed€boundaries,€resort€is€to€be€had€firstÏto€natural€objects€or€landmarks,€because€of€their€very€permanentÏcharacter;€next,€to€artificial€monuments€or€marks,€then€to€theÏboundary€lines€of€adjacent€landowners,€and€then€to€courses€andÏdistances.€òòThornburg€v.€Chaseóó,€606€S.W.2d€672,€675€(Tenn.€App.Ï1980)€(citing€òòPritchard€v.€œRebori›óó,€135€Tenn.€328,€332„33,€186€S.W.Ï121,€122€(1916)).€This€rule€of€construction€is€to€aid€in€determin…ing€the€intention€of€the€parties€to€a€deed€which€is€to€be€deter…mined,€if€possible,€from€the€instrument€in€connection€with€theÏsurrounding€circumstances.€Id.€The€Court€of€Appeals€in€òòThornburgóóÍalso€noted€that€the€policy€behind€giving€preference€to€artificialÏlines€is€"that€the€parties€so€presumed€to€have€examined€the€prop…erty€have,€in€viewing€the€premises,€taken€note€of€the€monument€orÏline."€Id.€at€676€(quoting€òòPritchardóó,€135€Tenn.€at€335,€186€S.W.Ïat€123).€òòSeeóó€òòœMarkum›€v.€Kellyóó,€an€unreported€opinion€of€this€courtÏfiled€January€26,€1995.ÌÌÌà àFrom€the€four€corners€of€the€deeds€which€are€germane€to€theÏissues€before€us,€it€seems€crystal€clear€that€the€intentions€ofÏthe€parties€to€the€deeds€œwere›€to€establish€the€northwest€corner€ofÏthe€appellants'€property€and€the€northeast€corner€of€the€appel…lees'€property€at€the€center€line€of€Gothard€Road.€€This€conclu…sion€is€inescapable€when€the€deeds€are€looked€at€in€pari€materia.€ÏFurther€we€note€that€the€distances€in€the€appellants'€deed€are€notÏas€precise€as€those€stated€in€the€appellees'€deed.Ô% € Ô€€All€distancesÏin€the€appellants'€deed€are€qualified€as€being€"more€or€less."ÌÌà àThe€appellants€rely€upon€the€testimony€of€Alfred€Allen,€aÏlicensed€land€surveyor€to€establish€that€Gothard€Road€could€not€beÏprecisely€established.€€It€is€true€that€Mr.€Allen€testified€thatÏ"...€everywhere€I€found€it€[Gothard€Road],€every€plat€I€found€itÏon€it€was€in€a€different€place.€€It€was€just€a€narrow€windingÏdriveway€more€than€anything,€and€you€could€put€a€line€on€it€anyÏplace€almost,€but€that€had€no€bearing€on€what€we€was€doing€so€weÏdidn't€try€to€establish€Gothard€Road.€€We€wasn't€working€on€thatÏat€the€time."ÌÌà àIt€is€clear€from€his€own€testimony€that€Mr.€Allen€made€noÏattempt€to€locate€the€center€of€Gothard€Road€as€mentioned€in€theÏparties'€deeds.€€The€location€of€Gothard€Road€is€the€heart€of€thisÏaction.€€On€the€other€hand,€Mr.€David€Matthews,€also€a€licensedÏland€surveyor,€testified€that€he€found€an€iron€pin€in€the€centerÏline€of€Gothard€Road€which€he€marked.œ× ƒ. ××  ×›ÌÌà àIn€reaching€his€conclusions,€Mr.€Matthews€testified€that€heÏlooked€to€the€deeds€of€all€the€predecessors€in€title€for€all€theÏproperties€around€Mr.€Linkous'€property,€state€highway€plans€andÏother€surveys€that€might€be€available.€€He€further€testified€thatÏhe€used€markers€that€were€found€on€the€ground,€physical€markers,Ïin€order€to€do€his€survey.€€He€found€various€iron€pins€on€theÏLinkous€property,€including€an€iron€pin€on€Linkous'€northwestÏcorner€and€an€old€iron€pin€in€his€southwest€corner.€€He€furtherÏfound€the€concrete€markers€marking€the€right„of„way€of€œHighway›Ï153.€€Further,€using€a€deed€of€a€œpredecessor›€in€title,€Mr.ÏMatthews€was€able€to€locate€the€predecessor's€point€of€beginning.€ÏFrom€this€point€of€beginning€in€the€predecessor's€deed€and€usingÏthe€call€and€distance€called€for€therein,€he€was€able€to€locate€anÏiron€pin€in€the€center€line€of€the€Gothard€Road.€€In€reviewing€theÏwork€of€Mr.€Matthews,€it€seems€evident€that€he€more€nearly€fol…lowed€the€rules€for€locations€of€boundaries€set€out€in€òòThornburgÏv.€Chaseóó,€supra,€than€the€other€witnesses€who€testified€in€theÏcase.ÌÌà àWe€also€note€that€the€trial€court€in€his€decision€announcedÏfrom€the€bench€appeared€to€accredit€the€testimony€of€Mr€Matthews.€ÏThe€court€stated:€"The€court€felt€that€Mr.€Matthews€was€trying€toÏbe€conscientious€about€his€survey€and€he€did€go€into€more€depth€inÏsome€of€these€things€than€Mr.€Allen€...€."€ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€was€ostensibly€satisfied€that€the€center€ofÏGothard€Road€was€sufficiently€established.€€The€Court€specificallyÏfound€in€the€final€judgment€that€"...€the€western€boundary€line€ofÏthe€plaintiffs'€[appellants']€property€is€the€center€of€GothardÏRoad€...€."€€We€find€that€the€evidence€preponderates€in€favor€ofÏthe€trial€court's€judgment€and€we€concur€with€the€findings€of€theÏtrial€court.€€ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€is€affirmed€in€all€respects.€€Costs€of€thisÏappeal€are€taxed€to€the€appellant€and€this€case€is€remanded€to€theÏtrial€court€for€the€enforcement€of€its€judgment€and€collection€ofÏcosts.ÌÌÓÓà€ à__________________________________Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Don€T.€McMurray,€J.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌœÌ___________________________________›ÌœHouston€M.€Goddard,€Presiding€Judge›ÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌœCharles€D.€Susano,€J.›à€ àÌœÇÑ  ÑÑ7€„ÒXXdÈXXdÈ7Ñà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALSÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓ` è` ˜XÓJAMES€E.€LINKOUS,€and€wife,€€€)à àHAMILTON€CHANCERYÌÓ ` °œXÓPATRICIA€FERGUSON€LINKOUS,€€€€)à àC.A.€NO.€03A01„9510„CH„00341Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€Plaintiffs„Appellants)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ìvs.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àHON.€R.€VANN€OWENSÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àCHANCELLORÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)ÌDOUGLAS€E.€BURKHART€and€€€€€€€)à àAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDÌWILLIAM€A.€BURKHART,€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€Defendants„Appellees€)ÌÌÌÌà@ àò òòòORDERóóó óÌÌÓÓà àThis€appeal€came€on€to€be€heard€upon€the€record€from€theÏChancery€Court€of€Hamilton€County,€briefs€and€argument€of€counsel.€ÏUpon€consideration€thereof,€this€Court€is€of€opinion€that€thereÏwas€no€reversible€error€in€the€trial€court.Ìà àThe€trial€court€is€affirmed€in€all€respects.€€Costs€of€thisÏappeal€are€taxed€to€the€appellant€and€this€case€is€remanded€to€theÏtrial€court€for€the€enforcement€of€its€judgment€and€collection€ofÏcosts.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€PER€CURIAMÌ›