WPC# # VUNa % 0w@ 4  . 0Z6 0D 0J 0TU<r 0^ 0h  0rt 0| 0b 0 1uxU, 0dU,}U>U*B)DC: AM}U* B D3Hv~ 0@ev AOx!! 0D" D/" B#HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPT0 (hH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX(ES$TR[A' Legal[A' LegalA' LegalA' LegalT7nXXdXXd7     QDRHSTHUVDWX{eYӀez!3|xe( (3d$ ES!TR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T7kXXdd7       `   0  (#$  0  2 0Indent123  2" 0Indent20 23  -Bu Z$Arrus BT Roman2, 0Indent30 0 23  26 0Indent40 0 0 23  2@ 0Indent50 0 0 0 23  2J 0Indent60 0 0 0 0 23  2T 0Indent70 0 0 0 0 0 23  2^ 0Indent80 0 0 0 0 0 0 23    ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)<  9p`(ModernP 8Mac DefaultMac Default ` X<  9p`(Monaco<  9p`(&Times New Roman<  9p`(Times% Line 7 d$$$$7Border 1dd-%C << G<  9p`(Arial  !  #d#"       \RA'\#d#      ''   YYY FILED'X September13,1996CecilCrowson,Jr.'AppellateCourtClerk  d))))'dxd  !  #d#"       \RA'\#d#       $       Rule10(CourtofAppeals).MemorandumOpinion.(b)TheCourt,withtheconcurrenceofalljudgesparticipatinginthecase,mayaffirm,reverseormodifytheactionsofthetrialcourtbymemorandumopinionwhenaformalopinionwouldhavenoprecedentialvalue.Whenacaseisdecidedbymemorandumopinionitshallbedesignated"MEMORANDUMOPINION,"shallnotbepublished,andshallnotbecitedorreliedonforanyreasoninasubsequentunrelatedcase."PtPtHH(FG(HH(d'@("$    Styl{WP}01  HH  2$HH  Geneva  <Px443!#4$*$$*$ KK  Geneva  Geneva .,6 Monaco   BA Op Monaco  BA Op Monaco -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd ! . &!!Xd&#!!Xd#"       \RA'\###Xd####Xd#         ԛ@ INTHECOURTOFAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE@ WESTERNSECTIONATJACKSON  ________________________________________________ SYLVESTERLOGAN,     FROMTHECIRCUITCOURT       OFSHELBYCOUNTY,No.38395 PlaintiffAppellee,    THEHONORABLEDARMY       BAILEY,JUDGEVs.       C.A.No.02A019510CV00217       MODIFIED  HOWARDRICHARDS,    JimmieMcIntyreofMemphis       RichardF.VaughnofMemphis DefendantAppellant,   For Appellant       R.LinleyRichterofMemphis̜L&(%;+'h|` . `Lߛ       ForAppellee___________________________________________________________________________7kXXdXXd7@ MEMORANDUMOPINION +   ___________________________________________________________________________ CRAWFORD,J.    Defendant,HowardRichards,appealsfromthejudgmentofthetrialcourt,sittingwithoutajury,thatawardeddamagestoplaintiff,SylvesterLogan. OnthemorningofApril29,1990,plaintiffwasinsidetheWestwoodLoungelocatedat4460SouthThirdStreetinMemphis,Tennessee.Plaintiffownedandoperatedtheloungeonpropertyheleasedfromdefendant.OnthisparticularSundaymorning,patronsofanearbyfleamarketwereusingparkingspacesintheparkinglotadjacenttothelounge.Frominsidethelounge,plaintiffnoticedsomeonedriveintotheparkinglotandparkina noparkingzone.Plaintiffrequestedthatthepersonmovethecartoanotherareaoftheparkinglot.Defendant,theownerofthisproperty,wasapparentlyupsetthattheplaintiffrequestedthatthepersonmovethecar,andanargumentensuedbetweenthetwo.Thepartiesversionsofthefactsdifferatthispoint. Plaintifftestifiedthatfollowingtheargument,heturnedaroundandbegantowalkbackintotheloungewhenheheardgunfire.Theplaintifftestifiedthathebeganrunningina zigzagfashiontowardthedooroftheloungeandthatwhenheenteredthelounge,hediscoveredthathehadbeenshotintheleg. Defendantontheotherhand,testifiedthatfollowingtheargument,theplaintiffknockedhimtotheground,hithim,andthreatenedtokillhim.Defendantassertedthatheshotplaintiffinselfdefenseafterplaintiffattemptedtodrawhis(plaintiffs)gunfromhisshoulderholster.Plaintiff,however,deniedthathewascarryingagunatthetimehewasshot.Plaintiffadmittedthatheownedagunandroutinelycarriedtheguntothelounge,buthecontendedthatthegunwasintheloungeatthetimeoftheshooting. Followingtheshooting,defendantdrovetothepolicestationandinformedthepoliceoftheshooting.Plaintiffremainedattheloungeuntilparamedicsarrived.Theparamedicstreatedtheplaintiffbywrappinggauzearoundhisleg.Laterthatday,theplaintiffwenttoMethodistHospitalatwhichtimethegauzewasremoved,thelegwascleanedandxrayed,andtheplaintiffwasgivenatetanusshotandaprescription.OnMay7,1990,theplaintiffwasexaminedbyDr.MaxFoner,aprivatephysician.Dr.Fonerexaminedtheplaintiffslegandfoundthattheplaintiffsmovementinhisfootandhis neurological...workupwasnormalandthemovementofhiskneewas almostnormal.Therewasnoboneornervedamage,becausethebulletenteredandexitedthesofttissueintheplaintiffsleg.Afterexaminingtheplaintiff,Dr.Fonerreferredplaintifftoanorthopedist.Thereafter,theplaintiffwasexaminedontwooccasionsbyanorthopedicsurgeonattheOfficeofBoneandJointSurgery.Theonlytreatmentplaintiffreceivedwasthreephysicaltherapysessionsforhisleg.Theplaintiffstotalmedicalexpenseswere$718.63. OnApril29,1991,plaintifffiledacomplaintagainstdefendantintheCircuitCourtforShelbyCounty,allegingthatdefendantwasliableforintentionalassaultandbatteryandintentionalinflictionofemotionaldistress.Thecomplaintsoughtbothcompensatoryandpunitivedamages.OnSeptember6,1991,defendantfiledananswerinwhichhedeniedthematerialallegationsofthecomplaintandassertedthatheshotplaintiffinselfdefense.AttheconclusionofanonjurytrialheldonNovember21,1994,thetrialcourtruledthatplaintiffwasentitledto$40,000compensatorydamages,butnopunitivedamages.OnMay9,1995,thetrialcourtenteredjudgmentforplaintiffagainstdefendantfor$40,000compensatorydamages.Defendanthasappealed,andtheonlyissueforreviewiswhetherthejudgementisexcessive. Sincethiscasewastriedbythecourtsittingwithoutajury,wereviewthecasedenovoupontherecordwithapresumptionofcorrectnessofthefindingsoffactbythetrialcourt.Unlesstheevidencepreponderatesagainstthefindings,wemustaffirm,absenterroroflaw.T.R.A.P.13(d).In Smithv.Bullington ,499S.W.2d649(Tenn.App.1973),thisCourtnotedthatthereviewbythisCourtoftheamountofanonjuryjudgmentfordamageswasgovernedbythenT.C.A.27303,whichhasbeensupplantedbyT.R.A.P.13(d). Therecordestablishesthatplaintiffsmedicalexpensestotal$718.63,andthereisnootherproofintherecordofanymonetarylossesoccasionedbyhisinjury.Plaintiffsinjurywasnotseriousenoughatthetimeoftheincidenttobetakentothehospitalbytheambulancepersonnel,buthewenttotheemergencyroomsomehourslaterwherehewastreatedwithatetanusshotanddressingofhiswound.Subsequently,hewenttohisregularphysician,Dr.Foner,andsawhimonlyontwooccasionswherelittleornotreatmentwasrendered.Hewasreferredforexaminationtoanorthopedicsurgeon,andtheonlytreatmentreceivedinthatofficewasthreephysicaltherapysessions.Thereisnomedicalproofthatplaintiffsustainedanypermanentinjury,andtheonlytestimonyconcerningtheresidualeffectofhisinjurywasplaintiffstestimonythathesometimesexperiencespainanddiscomfortinhislegandoccasionallyhasdifficultygettingonhiskneeswhenheworksasabrickmason.Plaintiffalludedtoemotionaldistressthatmanifestsitselfprimarilybyafearofbeingshot.Hetestifiedthathegaveuphisnightclubbecauseofthisfearbutofferednoproofofanyeconomiclossrelatedtothenightclub.Thereissimplynoproofthatplaintifflostanytimefromhisemploymentorhadanydecreaseinearningcapacity,noristhereanyprooffromanyotherlaywitnesstosubstantiateanypain,suffering,ordiscomfortoccasionedbytheinjuries.Theplaintiffsufferedminimalinjuriesfromthegunshot,andhisinjurieshadsubstantiallyhealedapproximatelyeightdaysaftertheshooting.Moreover,althoughplaintifftestifiedthathehadsomeemotionaldistress,itwasquitesignificantthatattrialplaintiffcouldnotrememberwhichlegwashurt.Whenaskedtoexhibitthescar,plaintiffpointedoutaplaceonhisrightlegwheninfacttheinjurywastohisleftleg.Consideringtheverymeagertestimonyconcerningplaintiffsinjuryandtheresidualeffectthereof,webelievethatthe$40,000compensatorydamageawardisexcessive.Weconsidertheupperrangeofrecoveryfortheinjury,physicalandemotional,sustainedinthiscasetobe$25,000. Accordingly,thejudgmentofthetrialcourtismodifiedtoawardcompensatorydamagestoplaintiffintheamountof$25,000.Costsoftheappealareassessedonehalfagainstappellantandonehalfagainstappellee.       _________________________________       W.FRANKCRAWFORD,       PRESIDINGJUDGE,W.S. CONCUR: _________________________________ ALANE.HIGHERS,JUDGE _________________________________ HOLLYKIRBYLILLARD,JUDGE