ÿWPC‘ ›¯Òé}ÿz×ûñæ$·³à †‚÷Vôi@þ"YVû5Àñå¢Ð¶¸ex7ÑjñeëD¥ä!Át •¡W}³¢½Û»UÞtïŽHê³hQ¹ Øw=ŽHcâ§aÒTe!hSÒv@×äÚ¤ ÓW¼dH‘£ŸÊp˜§{¦±BIlÛxq ‚®Ø«gÏš*/ðØÚ“ƒ5®+$¯ä) ‡ØJvè¿=©y®VÒÌìÏù‘@mŸ'ñ­Ud)+VvíC^¼ÈP¯N"vMüñ²ÖÄÌsÊdc¹µá3¤[´ @2ÇñUnërqÕ5·Ð~M˜U8ÄO*“Ô÷´ný;eÙ.¥Ÿ?iiÀoØ+ª¶; °Vð™Ñ&›q à© q¼PSa\ ÂÓ×ÓÍ“ô(ƺ˜îÚ„ìLÃ…U8/£dv(™ŽÌ‘ÏÉŒñªÃeÌy¹Ç6öÔpýU„*‚êÿ“އ9üõ<ŠHW^`ꪲ'2‡ÿeíjó@@]ÖwRGÐÁ’õZŽ“”fŒãgÊk·\N_„÷™$dë—·+ê[«¿•€Ueâhâk…{Üú‰xxy.â”f€SêF•hc-#$5àK}A:µÛ"Ób#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ UIN· w 4 z Ò— i x mz ‘ Æ™ Æ_ Æ% Æë ±N> 0D@@E„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„b†††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††† 0ëŽŽŽŽ Byy 0¤– D3: D-m 0Kšš ASåÆ8 0¤þ 0D¢ A«æ˜HP LaserJet 4Si,ü,,,,,ü0»“ )â (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularKë(üËœ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 ƒÝ ƒR!ð$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÞ¼ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Additionally,€based€upon€our€review€of€the€record€as€a€whole,€it€does€not€appear€that€Petitionerððs€acts,€eitherÐ ° Ðinside€the€courtroom€or€at€the€clerkððs€office,€would€constitute€contempt€of€court.€See,€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔMadduxÔ_Ôóó,€571€S.W.2d€819,Ð xÈ Ð821„822€(Tenn.€1978)(discussing€standards€for€finding€contempt€in€the€actions€of€an€attorney€in€argument€before€theÐ @ Ðbench);€òòState€v.€Turneróó,€914€S.W.2d€951,€956„959€Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1995)(ð ð[Ô_ÔC]ourtsÔ_Ô€universally€agree€that€summaryÐ X Ðcontempt€powers€should€be€used€sparingly,€and€even€then€only€in€cases€of€ððexceptional€circumstances.ðððð)€(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù-(|G2!ð$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€¦d»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÞ¼ò»»Ô d(|3A$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€¦d»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3A$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€¦d»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€¦d»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼¦d»»»ÔÑ8€¶SXXdð»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ü ü ìàÔ‡îôG¦dÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼¦d»îîôG #ԈРÜ, ÐÓ  ÓJune€2000€SessionÐ X ÐÔ‡X¶SX»¼¦dÔÌÌÌò òÔ#†¼¦d»XX¶Sî#ÔCYNTHIA€Ô_ÔLECROYÔ_Ô„Ô_ÔSCHEMELÔ_Ôòòóó€v.€JOHN€Ô_ÔCUPPÔ_Ô,€SHERIFF€OFÐ ð @ ÐHAMILTON€COUNTY,€òòet€alóó.Ô‡X¶SX»¼¦dÔó óÐ  X ÐÌÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Hamilton€CountyÐ P  Ðà@@øøìàNo.€227848€€€€€€Douglas€A.€Meyer,€JudgeÐ ð@  ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<¿` AßÐ À ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2000„00024„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV€„€Ô_ÔFILED:Ô_Ô€AUGUST€10,€Ô_Ô2000Ô_ÔÐ ¿ ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<ž` AßÐ Ÿï Ðó óÌÓ  ÓAn€attorney€was€found€in€contempt€by€the€Chattanooga€City€Court€Judge€during€proceedings€relatingÐ žî Ðto€the€attorneyððs€clientððs€conviction€for€violation€of€a€municipal€ordinance.€€The€Judge€ordered€a€ten„Ð ŽÞ Ðday€jail€sentence€for€the€attorney,€who€was€taken€into€custody€and€locked€in€a€holding€cell.€€TheÐ ~Î Ðattorney€was€able€to€secure€a€writ€of€òòhabeas€corpusóó€from€the€Hamilton€County€Criminal€Court.€Ð n¾ ÐAfter€the€attorney€was€released,€the€City€Court€Judge€filed€an€Order€to€Appear€and€Show€Cause€whyÐ ^® Ðthe€attorney€should€not€be€jailed€for€contempt.€€The€Criminal€Court€held€a€hearing€at€which€it€heardÐ Nž Ðtestimony€of€the€attorney€and€another€witness,€and€found€that€the€City€Court€had€exceeded€itsÐ >Ž Ðstatutory€authority€by€confining€the€attorney€for€contempt,€that€the€City€Court€had€not€followedÐ .~ Ðprocedural€requirements€for€punishing€contempt,€declared€a€section€of€the€Chattanooga€City€CharterÐ n Ðnull€and€void,€and€dismissed€the€City€Courtððs€Order€to€Appear€and€Show€Cause.€€The€City€ofÐ ^ ÐChattanooga€appealed€the€orders€of€the€Criminal€Court.€€We€affirm€the€actions€of€the€Criminal€CourtÐ þN Ðrelating€to€the€writ€of€òòhabeas€corpusóó,€affirm€the€finding€that€the€City€Court€was€without€authorityÐ î > Ðto€punish€criminal€contempt€by€confinement€or€fine€in€excess€of€ten€dollars,€and€modify€theÐ Þ!.  Ðjudgment€to€reflect€the€holding€of€this€Court€in€òòPoole€v.€City€of€Chattanoogaóó.€Ð Î"! ÐÓ_ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmed€asÐ ®$þ# ÐModifiedó óÐ ž%î $ ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼¦d»àX¶Sý#ÔÔ‡X¶SX.¼¦dÔD.€Michael€Swiney,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòHerschel€P.€Franksóó€andÐ ~'Î"& ÐòòCharles€D.€Susano,€Jr.,€€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð n(¾#' ÐÌÌKenneth€O.€Fritz,€Chattanooga,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€City€of€Chattanooga.Ð >+Ž&* ÐÌJerry€H.€Summers,€Chattanooga,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellee,€Cynthia€Ô_ÔLeCroyÔ_Ô„Schemel.Ð -n(,ý' ÐÓ~ ÓÌò òÌOPINIONó óÔ#†¼¦d»XX¶S­ #ÔÔ‡X¶SX»¼¦dÔÐ à ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼¦d»XX¶S»#ÔÔ‡X¶SX»¼¦dÔÓ  ÓÓ  Óò òòòBackgroundóóó óÐ pÀ ÐÓDÓÌà  àà ` àOn€June€8,€1999,€Petitioner/Appellee€Cynthia€LeCroy„Schemel€(ð ðPetitionerðð),€anÐ P   Ðattorney,€appeared€in€the€City€Court€for€the€City€of€Chattanooga€(ð ðCity€Courtðð)€representing€a€clientÐ @  Ðcharged€with€speeding€under€the€ordinances€of€Defendant/Appellant€City€of€Chattanooga.€€CityÐ 0 € ÐCourt€Judge€Walter€A.€Williams€found€Petitionerððs€client€guilty€of€speeding€and€assessed€a€fine€ofÐ  p  Ð$200.00.€€Petitioner€made€a€constitutional€objection€to€the€entry€of€a€fine€in€excess€of€$50.00€by€theÐ `  ÐCity€Court€Judge,€and€proceeded€to€the€office€of€the€Court€Clerk€to€file€an€appeal.€€When€informedÐ P  Ðthat€the€appeal€bond€would€be€$400.00,€petitioner€objected€to€the€Deputy€Clerk€on€duty€that€theÐ ð@  Ðamount€was€excessive,€and€returned€to€the€courtroom.€€Petitioner€related€her€objection€to€the€amountÐ à0  Ðof€the€appeal€bond€to€the€City€Court€Judge,€who€reduced€the€appeal€bond€to€$250.00.€€PetitionerÐ Ð  Ðcontinued€to€object€to€the€amount€of€the€bond,€and€continued€to€argue€that€the€City€Court€could€notÐ À Ðimpose€a€fine€in€excess€of€$50.00.€€The€City€Court€Judge€warned€Petitioner€she€would€be€held€inÐ ° Ðcontempt€if€she€continued€to€speak.€€It€appears€that€Petitioner€then€made€an€utterance,€upon€theÐ  ð Ðoccurrence€of€which€the€City€Court€Judge€declared€Petitioner€to€be€in€contempt,€and€ordered€her€toÐ à Ðbe€taken€into€custody€and€incarcerated€for€ten€days.Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àà ` àPetitioner€was€taken€to€a€holding€cell€by€the€City€Court€officer€and€locked€inside.€Ð `° ÐPetitioner€used€her€cellular€telephone€to€call€the€Office€of€the€Public€Defender,€her€former€employer.€Ð P  ÐOne€of€Petitionerððs€former€co„workers€filed€a€Writ€of€òòHabeas€Corpusóó€with€the€Hamilton€CountyÐ @ ÐCriminal€Court€(ð ðCriminal€Courtðð),€and€the€writ€was€granted€by€Criminal€Court€Judge€RebeccaÐ 0€ ÐStern.€€Although€the€exact€sequence€of€events€is€not€clear€from€the€record,€around€this€time€the€CityÐ  p ÐCourt€officer€removed€Petitioner€from€the€holding€cell€and€took€her€to€the€chambers€of€the€CityÐ ` ÐCourt€Judge,€where€she€was€detained€for€an€additional€period€of€time.€€The€City€Court€Judge€orderedÐ P Ðthe€attorney€who€submitted€the€writ€on€behalf€of€Petitioner€to€his€chambers,€where€the€JudgeÐ ð@ Ðinformed€Petitioner€that€the€City€Attorney€would€draft€an€order€for€Petitioner€to€show€cause€why€sheÐ à0 Ðshould€not€be€held€in€contempt€and€jailed€for€ten€days.€€Petitioner€was€allowed€to€leave€the€JudgeððsÐ Ð  Ðchambers€approximately€one€and€one„half€hours€after€her€detention€began.Ð À! ÐÌà  àà ` àJudge€Stern€transferred€the€case€arising€from€the€writ€to€Hamilton€County€CriminalÐ  #ð! ÐCourt€Division€I€by€Order€filed€June€14,€1999.€€Petitioner€filed€a€motion€to€amend€the€petition€onÐ $à" ÐJune€16,€1999,€adding€various€claims€relating€not€only€to€her€detention€for€contempt,€but€alsoÐ €%Ð # Ðallegations€of€free€speech€violations€by€the€City€Court€Judge€and€assertions€relating€to€her€argumentsÐ p&À!$ Ðconcerning€the€constitutionality€of€the€amount€of€the€fine€imposed€on€her€client€and€the€amount€ofÐ `'°"% Ðbond€set€for€the€appeal€of€the€speeding€conviction.€€After€other€pretrial€maneuvering€not€relevant€toÐ P( #& Ðthe€issues€on€appeal,€the€Criminal€Court€rejected€Petitionerððs€demand€that€the€City€Court€Judge€beÐ @)$' Ðmade€a€party€defendant,€dismissed€the€Sheriff€from€the€petition,€Ô#†¼¦d»XX¶S#ÔÔ‡X¶SX»¼¦dÔand€substituted€the€City€ofÐ 0*€%( ÐChattanooga€as€€Defendant.€€Hearing€on€the€matter€was€held€by€the€Criminal€Court€on€July€12,€1999,Ð  +p&) Ðat€which€time€the€Criminal€Court€received€exhibits€and€heard€testimony€of€Petitioner€and€anotherÐ ,`'* Ðattorney€who€heard€the€exchange€between€Petitioner€and€the€City€Court€Judge.€€After€extendedÐ ° Ðargument€of€counsel€for€the€parties,€the€Criminal€Court€Judge€the€next€day€filed€an€Order€finding€thatÐ  ð Ðthe€City€Court€Judge€failed€to€follow€the€procedural€requirements€of€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€42(a)€forÐ à Ðsummary€disposition€of€contempt,€that€the€City€Courtððs€show€cause€order€failed€to€meet€the€noticeÐ €Ð Ðand€hearing€procedures€of€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€42(b),€Ô#†¼¦d»XX¶S·#ÔÔ‡X¶SX»¼¦dÔthat€Petitionerððs€ð ðwords€and/or€actions€inÐ pÀ Ðrepresenting€her€client€did€not€constitute€criminal€contempt€under€either€paragraph€(a)€or€(b)€of€RuleÐ ` ° Ð42,ðð€that€the€Chattanooga€City€Charter€ðð€4.1€is€null€and€void€in€that€it€provides€the€City€Court€theÐ P   Ðsame€power€to€punish€for€contempt€as€the€Circuit€and€Criminal€Courts€in€violation€of€T.C.A.€ðð€29„9„Ð @  Ð103,€granted€the€release€from€restraint€sought€in€the€writ,€and€dismissed€the€City€Courtððs€order€toÐ 0 € Ðshow€cause€why€Petitioner€should€not€be€held€in€contempt.€€When€Petitioner€failed€to€appear€at€theÐ  p  ÐJuly€16,€1999€hearing€of€the€City€Court,€the€City€Court€Judge€issued€a€warrant€for€her€arrest.€€AfterÐ `  Ðadditional€filings,€the€City€Court€Judge€withdrew€the€arrest€warrant,€and€Defendant€City€ofÐ P  ÐChattanooga€filed€this€appeal.Ð ð@  ÐÌò òòòÓ  ÓDiscussionóóó óÐ Ð  ÐÓ&ÓÌà  àà ` àAlthough€not€precisely€as€stated€by€the€parties,€the€following€are€the€issues€on€appeal:Ð ° ÐÌà8  à1.€à0` Ð Ð àThe€nature€of€the€action€of€the€City€Court€as€criminal€or€civil€contempt.Ðà` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà8  à2.€à0` Ð Ð àThe€applicability€of€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€42€to€the€actions€of€the€City€Court.ÐpÀ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà8  à3.€à0` Ð Ð àThe€propriety€of€the€original€grant€of€òòhabeas€corpusóó€by€the€Criminal€Court.ÐP ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà8  à4.€à0` Ð Ð àThe€Jurisdiction€of€the€Criminal€Court€arising€out€of€the€petition€for€writ€ofÐ 0€ Ðòòhabeas€corpusóó€and€the€subsequent€show€cause€proceeding.Ð p` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà8  à5.€à0` Ð Ð àThe€order€of€City€Court€to€appear€and€show€cause€why€Petitioner€should€notÐ P Ðbe€punished€for€contempt€as€posing€double€jeopardy€for€Petitioner.Ðð@` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà8  à6.€à0` Ð Ð àError€on€the€part€of€the€Criminal€Court€in€declaring€Chattanooga€City€CharterÐ Ð  Ððð€4.1€null€and€void.ÐÀ!` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà8  à7.€à0` Ð Ð àError€on€the€part€of€the€Criminal€Court€in€declaring€the€judgment€of€the€CityÐ  #ð! ÐCourt€void.Ð$à"` Ð ` Ð  ÐÔ#†¼¦d»XX¶S""#ÔÔ‡X¶SX»¼¦dÔÌà  àà ` àBefore€we€can€determine€the€appropriate€standard€of€review,€it€is€necessary€to€addressÐ p&À!$ Ðthe€first€two€issues,€determination€of€the€nature€of€the€contempt€finding€by€the€City€Court€as€civilÐ `'°"% Ðor€criminal,€and€the€related€issue€of€procedural€process€due€Petitioner.Ð P( #& ÐÌÓ  ÓÓ  Óà8  àContempts€may€be€either€criminal€or€civil€in€nature.€€Civil€contempt€occurs€when€aÐ 0*€%( Ðperson€refuses€or€fails€to€comply€with€a€court€order€and€a€contempt€action€is€broughtÐ  +p&) Ðto€enforce€private€rights.€If€imprisonment€is€ordered€in€a€civil€contempt€case,€it€isÐ ,`'* Ðremedial€and€coercive€in€character,€designed€to€compel€the€contemnor€to€complyÐ ° Ðwith€the€court's€order.€€Compliance€will€result€in€immediate€release€from€prison.€Ð  ð ÐTherefore,€it€has€often€been€said€that€in€a€civil€contempt€case,€the€contemnor€"carriesÐ à Ðthe€keys€to€his€prison€in€his€own€pocket€.€.€.€."ЀÐÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àCriminal€contempts,€on€the€other€hand,€are€intended€to€preserve€the€power€andÐ ` ° Ðvindicate€the€dignity€and€authority€of€the€law,€and€the€court€as€an€organ€of€society.€Ð P   ÐTherefore,€sanctions€for€criminal€contempt€are€generally€both€punitive€andÐ @  Ðunconditional€in€nature.€While€criminal€contempts€may€arise€in€the€course€of€privateÐ 0 € Ðcivil€litigation,€such€proceedings,€"in€a€very€true€sense€raise€an€issue€between€theÐ  p  Ðpublic€and€the€accused."€€In€the€trial€of€a€criminal€contempt€case,€therefore,€guilt€ofÐ `  Ðthe€accused€must€be€established€by€proof€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ÐP Ð Ð  Ðà8  àÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àOur€review€of€[a€contempt€appeal]€is€also€influenced€by€two€further€classificationsÐ à0  Ðof€contempt,€direct€and€indirect,€which€differ,€among€other€ways,€in€the€minimalÐ Ð  Ðprocedure€that€will€satisfy€the€requirements€of€due€process€in€each€case.€€DirectÐ À Ðcontempt€is€based€upon€acts€committed€in€the€presence€of€the€court,€and€may€beÐ ° Ðpunished€summarily.€€Indirect€contempt€is€based€upon€acts€not€committed€in€theÐ  ð Ðpresence€of€the€court,€and€may€be€punished€only€after€the€accused€has€been€givenÐ à Ðnotice€and€an€opportunity€to€respond€to€the€charges€at€a€hearing.ЀÐÐ Ð  Ðà  àÌà8  àòòBlack€v.€Blountóó,€Ô#†¼¦d»XX¶SÜ+#ÔÔ‡X¶SX»¼¦dÔ938€S.W.2d€394,€398€(Tenn.€1996)(citations€omitted).Ô#†¼¦d»XX¶ST6#ÔÔ‡X¶SX»¼¦dÔÐ`°Ð Ð  ÐÓb-ÓÌÓ  Óà  àà ` àIt€appears€from€the€record€that€the€finding€by€the€City€Court€Judge€concerningÐ @ ÐPetitionerððs€actions€on€June€8,€1999€was€one€of€criminal€contempt.€€There€was€no€private€rightÐ 0€ Ðinvolved,€and€the€determinate€sentence€of€ten€days€incarceration€did€not€provide€Petitioner€theÐ  p Ðopportunity€to€produce€the€key€to€her€prison€from€her€own€pocket€by€any€action€other€than€filing€theÐ ` Ðwrit€of€òòhabeas€corpusóó.€€The€action€of€the€City€Court€Judge€was€clearly€to€ð ðvindicate€the€dignity€andÐ P ÐauthorityÔ#†¼¦d»XX¶SÊ6#ÔÔ‡X¶SX»¼¦dÔðð€of€that€Court,€and€the€order€that€Petitioner€be€jailed€for€ten€days€is€ð ðboth€punitive€andÐ ð@ Ðunconditional€in€natureÔ#†¼¦d»XX¶S±9#ÔÔ‡X¶SX»¼¦dÔ.ðð€€This€action€was€also€one€for€direct€criminal€contempt€as€the€acts€ofÐ à0 ÐPetitioner€that€led€to€the€City€Court€order€were€committed€in€the€presence€of€the€Court.€€The€actionÐ Ð  Ðof€the€City€Court€Judge€in€having€Petitioner€escorted€from€the€courtroom€and€locked€in€a€holdingÐ À! Ðcell€began€Petitionerððs€ten„day€sentence€as€ordered€from€the€bench,€and€constituted€summaryÐ °"  Ðpunishment.€€Defendant€argues€on€appeal€that€the€conduct€of€Petitioner€in€her€interaction€with€theÐ  #ð! ÐDeputy€Clerk€at€the€office€of€the€City€Court€Clerk€prior€to€the€acts€in€the€courtroom€constitutes€aÐ $à" Ðsecond€contempt€punishable€under€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€42(b).€€In€response€to€a€question€from€theÐ €%Ð # ÐCriminal€Court€Judge€at€the€July€12,€1999Ô#†¼¦d»XX¶S€:#ÔÔ‡X¶SX»¼¦dÔ€hearing€concerning€any€testimony€from€employees€of€theÐ p&À!$ ÐCity€Court€Clerk,€Counsel€for€Defendant€specifically€denied€that€acts€outside€the€courtroom€wereÐ `'°"% Ðat€issue.€€ð ðYes,€sir,€and€as€best€I€understand,€it€was€not€the€conversation€that€may€have,€whatever€mayÐ P( #& Ðhave€happened€inside€the€clerkððs€office.€€I€think€it€was€conduct,€conversation€that€happened€after€theyÐ @)$' Ðcame€back€in€the€courtroom,€as€I€understand€it.ðð€As€the€issue€concerning€acts€outside€the€presenceÐ 0*€%( Ðof€the€City€Court€Judge€was€not€presented€to€the€Criminal€Court€and€is€not€part€of€the€Order€onÐ  +p&) Ðappeal,€it€is€waived€on€appeal.€€Our€standard€of€review,€therefore,€is€guided€by€the€principles€quotedÐ ,`'* Ðabove€from€òòBlack€v.€Blountóó,€applying€the€procedural€due€process€requirements€of€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.Ð ° Ð42(a).Ð  ð ÐÓ7ÓÓ  ÓÌà  àà ` àAs€to€the€issue€raised€by€Defendant€that€òòhabeas€corpusóó€was€not€available€toÐ €Ð ÐPetitioner,€the€argument€on€appeal€is€based€upon€the€assertion€that€the€finding€by€the€City€Court€wasÐ pÀ Ðcivil€contempt,€rather€than€criminal€contempt.€€As€previously€discussed,€this€case€is€clearly€one€ofÐ ` ° Ðcriminal€contempt,€not€civil€contempt.€€Defendant€poses€an€argument€that€the€City€Courtððs€findingÐ P   Ðwas€civil€contempt€in€that€Petitioner€ð ð.€.€.€could€have€most€likely€resolved€the€Order€to€Appear€andÐ @  ÐShow€Cause€by€possibly€apologizing€to€City€Court€for€any€alleged€contemptuous€conduct€or€words.ðð€Ð 0 € ÐThis€argument€appears€to€be€purely€speculative€as€it€is€without€any€reference€to€the€portion€of€theÐ  p  Ðrecord€relied€on€for€support,€and€will€not€be€addressed€on€appeal.€Ô_ÔT.R.A.P.Ô_Ô€27(a)(7).Ð `  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€issues€concerning€the€Criminal€Courtððs€accepting€jurisdiction€of,€and€granting,Ð ð@  Ðthe€writ€of€òòhabeas€corpusóó€in€response€to€the€detention€of€Petitioner€by€the€City€Court€Judge€poseÐ à0  Ðquestions€of€law.€€To€answer€these€questions,€we€must€determine€the€City€Courtððs€contemptÐ Ð  Ðauthority.€€Ð À ÐÌà8  àIn€Tennessee,€the€court's€authority€to€punish€certain€acts€as€contempt€derives€fromÐ  ð Ðstatute,€and€is€limited€to€the€forms€of€conduct€set€forth€in€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÐ à ÐSection€29-9-102:ЀÐÐ Ð  ÐÌà0  àà8` (#(#à(1)€The€willful€misbehavior€of€any€person€in€the€presence€of€the€court,€or€soÐ `° Ðnear€thereto€as€to€obstruct€the€administration€of€justice.€€ÐP ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà0  àà8` (#(#à(2)€The€willful€misbehavior€of€any€of€the€officers€of€said€courts,€in€theirÐ 0€ Ðofficial€transactions.€€Ð p` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà0  àà8` (#(#à(3)€The€willful€disobedience€or€resistance€of€any€officer€of€the€said€courts,Ð P Ðparty,€juror,€witness,€or€any€other€person,€to€any€lawful€writ,€process,€order,Ð ð@ Ðrule,€decree,€or€command€of€said€courts.€€Ðà0` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà0  àà8` (#(#à(4)€Abuse€of,€or€unlawful€interference€with,€the€process€or€proceedings€of€theÐ À! Ðcourt.€€Ð°" ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà0  àà8` (#(#à(5)€Willfully€conversing€with€jurors€in€relation€to€the€merits€of€the€cause€inÐ $à" Ðthe€trial€of€which€they€are€engaged,€or€otherwise€tampering€with€them.€€Ð€%Ð #` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà0  àà8` (#(#à(6)€Any€other€act€or€omission€declared€a€contempt€by€law.€€Ð`'°"%` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` àThus,€any€conduct€punished€as€contempt€in€Tennessee€must€fall€under€theseÐ @)$' Ðstatutory€provisions.Ð0*€%(Ð Ð  Ðà  àÌà8  àòòState€v.€Turneróó,Ô#†¼¦d»XX¶S >#ÔÔ‡X¶SX»¼¦dÔ€914€S.W.2d€951,€955€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).Ð,`'*Ð Ð  ЇPunishment€available€for€contempt€of€court€is€set€out€in€a€companion€statute.Ð ° ÐÓûAÓÓ  ÓÌà8  à(a)€The€punishment€for€contempt€may€be€by€fine€or€by€imprisonment,€or€both.ÐàÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  à(b)€Where€not€otherwise€specially€provided,€the€circuit,€chancery,€and€appellateÐ pÀ Ðcourts€are€limited€to€a€fine€of€fifty€dollars€($50,00),€and€imprisonment€not€exceedingÐ ` ° Ðten€(10)€days,€and,€except€as€provided€in€ðð€29-9-108,€all€other€courts€are€limited€toÐ P   Ða€fine€of€ten€dollars€($10.00).Ð@ Ð Ð  ЀÌà8  àT.C.A.€ðð€29-9-103.Ô#†¼¦d»XX¶S^N#ÔÔ‡X¶SX»¼¦dÔÐ p Ð Ð  ÐÓ