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BP˜HP LaserJet 4/4MHPPCL5E,,,,0ÙP o5– g;·^7·ü7 (ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡c`…3|x1 ((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d d####7Border 1dd€-%Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial 4Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€'ÔÔ€'ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€'XÔÌÌò òJanuary€31,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€'ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó @Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€"ÔÔ€"ôÔThe€defendant„appellee€National€Title€Insurance€Agency,€Inc.,€was€suedÏunder€the€theory€of€respondeat€superior.Ì$$$$'ÿÿdxdPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA: T Monaco ÒÒ  BA: T Monaco Ò("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€  X„d&ÓÑ#€  Xd#ÑÔ€!ÔÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÑ P ÑÔ€"ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€…XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌÌÓ  ÓÌÙ€€ÙßL€&(%;+'h|â¥` Å `€€LßÌCHARLES€F.€MOON€and€à àà à€€€)€C/A€NO.€03A01„9507„CV„00213ÌBARBARA€L.€MOON,€both€€€€€€€€€€€€)€HAMILTONÏCOUNTY€CIRCUIT€COURTÌindividually€and€as€next€€€€€€€€€)Ìfriends€of€CHANEE€MOON,€a€minor,€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)Ìà àà àPlaintiffs„Appellants,€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)Ìv.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)€HONORABLE€ROBERT€M.€SUMMITT,Ì€à àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)€JUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)ÌDENNIS€G.€FOX€and€NATIONAL€TITLE€)ÌINSURANCE€AGENCY,€INC.,à àà à€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)Ìà àà àDefendants„Appellees.€€)€AFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌÌÌÌÌANDY€D.€LEWIS€of€GARNER,€LEWIS€&€PRICKETT,€Chattanooga,€forÏAppellants.ÌÌW.€B.€LUTHER€of€LUTHER,€ANDERSON€&€CLEARY,€P.C.,€Chattanooga,€forÏAppellees.ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓòòO€P€I€N€I€O€NóóÌÌÓ  ÓÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àSusano,€J.ÇÓÓà àà àThis€tort€action€arose€out€of€an€automobile€accidentÏbetween€vehicles€driven€by€Barbara€L.€Moon€(Mrs.€Moon)€and€DennisÏG.€Fox€(Fox).€€The€plaintiffs€alleged€that€Fox× ƒ) ××  ×€rear„ended€theÏvehicle€driven€by€Mrs.€Moon€and€occupied€by€the€other€plaintiffs.€ÏFox€admitted€liability€and€this€case€was€submitted€to€a€jury€onÏthe€issue€of€damages.€€The€jury€returned€a€verdict€for€theÏdefendants.€€The€plaintiffs€appeal,€raising€the€following€issuesÏfor€our€review:ÌÒ ` ÒÒ ` ÒÓÓÌÌ1.€€Did€the€trial€judge€fail€to€properly€€€€€Ïexercise€his€function€as€the€thirteenth€€€€€Ïjuror?ÌÌ2.€€Was€there€material€evidence€to€support€€€€Ïthe€jury's€verdict?ÌÒ ° ÒÒ ° ÒÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓIÌÓÓÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àà àThis€accident€occurred€on€a€rainy€morning€in€February,Ï1991.€€The€Moons'€vehicle€was€stopped€due€to€congested€traffic.€ÏFox€was€driving€behind€the€Moons,€and€he€readily€admitted€that€"inÏreacting€[to€the€halted€traffic]€I€did€not€stop€in€time."€€HeÏrear„ended€the€Moons'€automobile€at€a€fairly€slow€rate€of€speed.€ÍFox€testified€at€trial€that€he€was€traveling€five€to€ten€miles€perÏhour€shortly€before€he€started€to€stop;€in€his€deposition,€heÏstated€traffic€was€moving€ten€to€fifteen€miles€per€hourÏimmediately€prior€to€the€accident.€€In€response€to€a€question€asÏto€how€fast€his€car€was€moving€at€the€point€of€impact,€FoxÏtestified,€"I€don't€know€that€the€speedometer€would€even€register"Ïsuch€a€slow€speed.ÌÌà àà àFox€introduced€photographs€taken€of€the€two€vehiclesÏafter€the€accident.€€The€pictures€of€the€front€of€his€vehicle€showÏno€discernible€damage.€€The€pictures€of€the€Moons'€automobileÏreveal€no€damage€to€the€rear€of€the€vehicle,€but€there€are€severalÏdents€on€the€left€side€in€the€area€between€the€back€tire€and€theÏrear€of€the€car.€€The€source€of€this€damage€was€disputed€at€trial.€ÏMrs.€Moon€testified€that€most€of€it€was€caused€by€the€collisionÏwith€Fox,€although€she€conceded€that€a€small€part€was€a€result€ofÏan€earlier€accident.€€Fox€called€Joe€Richardson,€an€appraiser€whoÏtook€the€photographs€of€the€Moons'€car€as€part€of€his€damageÏappraisal.€€He€testified€that€the€damage€depicted€was€"oldÏdamage."€€Richardson€stated€that€at€the€time€of€his€appraisal€heÏcould€not€perceive€any€"new€damage"€resulting€from€the€accidentÏwith€Fox.Ìà0 àÌà àà àCharles€F.€Moon€(Mr.€Moon)€claimed€a€back€injury€as€aÏresult€of€the€accident;€he€presented€proof€of€medical€expensesÏtotaling€$13,667.03.€€Mr.€Moon€also€testified€that€he€had€missedÏ57€days€of€work,€and€had€been€forced€to€work€approximately€30Ïhalf„days€as€a€result€of€his€injuries.€€Mrs.€Moon€claimed€thatÇshe€suffered€an€ulnar€nerve€injury,€and€presented€proof€of€medicalÏexpenses€totalling€$4,228.95.€€The€Moons'€daughter,€Chanee€Moon,Ïwho€was€then€11€or€12€years€old,€also€claimed€a€back€injury€fromÏthe€accident;€her€medical€expenses€totaled€$6,669.20.€€Dr.ÏCornelius€Mance,€one€of€the€physicians€treating€the€Moons,€gaveÏeach€of€them€a€permanent€partial€impairment€rating€to€the€wholeÏbody;€he€assessed€Mr.€Moon's€impairment€at€3„5%,€Mrs.€Moon's€atÏ12„15%,€and€Chanee€Moon's€at€approximately€5%.ÌÌà àà àAt€trial,€the€defendants'€theory€was€that€the€Moons'Ïinjury€claims€were€not€credible,€given€the€mildness€of€the€impactÏbetween€the€vehicles,€and€that€the€medical€expenses€claimed€wereÏtherefore€excessive€and€unreasonable€under€the€circumstances.€€ÌÌà@ àIIÌÌà àà àFollowing€the€jury's€verdict,€the€Moons€filed€a€motionÏfor€a€new€trial.€€At€the€hearing€on€the€motion,€the€followingÏcolloquy€occurred€between€the€trial€court€and€counsel€for€theÏMoons:ÌÓÓÌÌÒ ` ÒÒ ` ÒTHE€COURT:€Well,€the€question€for€the€jury€andÏfor€the€court€is,€I€believe,€did€the€jury€findÍsufficient€evidence€on€which€to€base€thisÏverdict.€€They€apparently€went€into€it€prettyÏthoroughly.€€They€spent€an€hour€and€fifty„fiveÏminutes€in€deliberation€beforeÇthey€returned€a€verdict€for€the€defendant.€€IÏthink€there's€evidence€there€for€them€to€doÏthat.€€Overrule€the€motion.ÌÌMR.€LEWIS:€€Your€Honor,€can€I€inquire€of€theÏcourt€just€to€state€how€the€court€weighs€theÏevidence€in€this€case,€not€what€the€courtÏthinks€the€jury€did,€but€I€want€to€hear„„ÌÌTHE€COURT:€€I€think€what€I'm€required€to€do€isÏto€determine€if€the€jury€had€sufficientÏevidence€on€which€to€bring€this€verdict€back,Ïand€I€find€there€was.€ÌÌMR.€LEWIS:€€All€right,€sir.€€Beyond€that,€youÏhave€not€made€any€personal€weighing€of€theÏevidence€then.€€Is€that€correct?ÌÌTHE€COURT:€€Well,€I€find€that,€what€I've€justÏsaid.€€€ÌÒ ° ÒÒ ° ÒÓ  ÓÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àà àThe€Moons€contend€that€the€trial€court's€statements€atÏthe€motion€hearing€demonstrate€that€he€failed€to€properlyÏdischarge€his€duty€as€the€thirteenth€juror.€€This€court,€inÏò òòòRidings€v.€Norfolk€Southern€Railway€Co,€ó óóó894€S.W.2d€281,€288„89€(Tenn.App.€1994),€recently€reiterated€the€principles€applicableÏto€the€trial€judge's€role€as€the€thirteenth€juror:ÌÓÓÌÌÒ ` ÒÒ ` ÒIf€a€trial€court€is€called€upon€to€act€as€aÏthirteenth€juror€following€the€filing€of€aÏmotion€for€a€new€trial,€the€trial€court€mustÏbe€independently€satisfied€with€the€verdict€ofÏthe€jury.€òòò ò€Cumberland€Telephone€&ÏTelegraph€Co.€v.€Smithwickó óóó,€112€Tenn.€463,Ï79€S.W.€803€(1904);€€òòò òHolden€v.€Rannickó óóó,€682ÍS.W.2d€903€(Tenn.1984);€€òòò òMiller€v.€Doeó óóó,€873ÏS.W.2d€346€(Tenn.App.1993).€€In€performingÏthis€function,€the€trial€court€must€itselfÏweigh€the€evidence€heard€by€the€jury.€€Id.€€IfÏafter€weighing€the€evidence,€the€trial€courtÏis€satisfied€with€the€verdict,€it€is€thatÏcourt's€responsibility€to€approve€the€verdict;€Ïon€the€other€hand,€if€it€is€not€satisfied€withÏthe€verdict€after€weighing€the€evidence,€theÏtrial€court€must€grant€a€new€trial.€€The€trialÏcourt's€performance€of€its€function€asÏthirteenth€juror€must€be€performed€withoutÏregard€to€and€without€deference€being€shown€toÏthe€result€Ìreached€by€the€jury.€€As€the€thirteenth€juror,Ïthe€trial€court€acts€as€a€jury€unto€itself€inÏevaluating€and€weighing€the€evidence€presentedÏat€the€trial.ÌÌWhen€"the€trial€judge€simply€approves€aÏverdict€without€any€comment,€it€is€presumed€byÏan€appellate€court€that€he€[or€she]€hasÏperformed€his€[or€her]€function€adequately."€Ïò òòòMilleróóó ó€at€347.€€òòò òJames€E.€Strates€Shows,ÏInc.€v.€Jakobikó óóó,€554€S.W.2d€613,€615Ï(Tenn.1977).€€On€the€other€hand,€where,€asÏhere,€the€trial€court€makes€comments€on€theÏrecord€in€the€course€of€reviewing€a€motion€forÏa€new€trial,€we€will€review€those€comments;€Ïbut€we€do€not€review€those€comments€to€see€ifÏwe€agree€with€the€trial€court's€reasoning,€butÏrather€to€determine€"whether€the€trial€courtÏproperly€reviewed€the€evidence,€and€wasÏsatisfied€or€dissatisfied€with€the€verdict."€Ïòòò òMilleró óóó€at€347.€€€If€the€trial€court'sÏcomments€indicate€that€it€has€misconstrued€itsÏduty€as€thirteenth€juror,€and€has€approved€theÏverdict€for€some€reason€other€than€its€ownÏsatisfaction€with€the€verdict€based€upon€anÏindependent€evaluation€of€the€evidence,€it€isÏour€responsibility€to€reverse€and€remand€theÏcase€for€a€new€trial.€€òòò òMilleró óóó€at€347;€òòò òNelsonÏv.€Richardsonó óóó,€626€S.W.2d€702,€704Ï(Tenn.App.1981).ÌÌÒ ° ÒÒ ° ÒòòÌÌÓÓóóà àà àWe€find€that€the€trial€judge's€statements€indicate€thatÏhe€properly€performed€his€role€as€the€thirteenth€juror.€€It€isÏtrue€that€the€court€alluded€to€the€length€of€time€the€juryÏdeliberated€which€could€be€interpreted€as€giving€some€deference€toÏthe€jury's€decision;€but€we€think€that€any€hint€of€deference€wasÏdashed€by€the€court's€finding€that€the€jury€"had€sufficientÏevidence€to€bring€this€verdict€back."€€He€explicitly€stated€thatÏ"òòI€find€thatóó"„„meaning€sufficient€evidence.€€(Emphasis€added).€€InÏthe€context€of€a€civil€case,€"sufficient"€means€a€preponderance€ofÏthe€evidence€or€greater„„anything€less€would€clearly€not€sufficeÏsince€the€jury€is€charged€with€judging€the€evidence€and€findingÏfor€the€party€in€whose€favor€it€preponderates.€€Thus,€the€trialÏjudge's€comment€that€he€was€satisfied€the€evidence€was€sufficientÏis€functionally€equivalent€to€a€finding€that€the€court€weighed€theÏevidence€and€found€that€it€preponderated€in€favor€of€theÏdefendants.€€We€hold€the€trial€court€properly€discharged€itsÏfunction€as€the€thirteenth€juror.ÌÓÓÌÓ  ÓÌIIIÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àà àThe€Moons€also€contend€that€there€is€no€materialÏevidence€in€the€record€to€support€the€jury's€verdict€and€urge€usÏto€vacate€the€trial€court's€judgment€for€that€reason.€€TheÏguidelines€for€review€of€a€jury€verdict€are€set€forth€in€the€caseÏof€ò òòòSouthern€Railway€Co.€v.€Sloan,€ó óóó407€S.W.2d€205€(Tenn.App.Ï1965):€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÓÓÌÌÒ ` ÒÒ ` ÒWe€have€pointed€out€repeatedly€that€inÏreviewing€a€case€on€appeal,€where€the€appealÏis€from€a€judgment€based€on€a€jury's€verdict,Ïwe€do€not€weigh€the€evidence€to€determine€theÏpreponderance€thereof,€nor€do€we€decide€theÏcredibility€of€witnesses.€€òòò òMcAmis€v.ÏCarlisleó óóó,€42€Tenn.App.€195,€300€S.W.2d€59.€ÏOur€review€is€limited€to€a€determination€ofÏwhether€there€is€any€material€evidence€toÏsupport€the€verdict,€and€"it€[our€review]€mustÏbe€governed€by€the€rule,€safeguarding€theÏconstitutional€right€of€trial€by€jury,€whichÏrequires€us€to€take€the€strongest€legitimateÏview€of€all€the€evidence€to€uphold€theÏverdict,€to€assume€the€truth€of€all€that€tendsÏto€support€it,€to€discard€all€to€the€contrary,Ïand€to€allow€all€reasonable€inferences€toÏsustain€the€verdict."€€òòò òD.M.€Rose€&€Co.€v.ÏSnyderó óóó,€185€Tenn.€499,€206€S.W.2d€897.€€AndÏif€there€is€material€evidence€to€support€theÏverdict€it€must€be€affirmed.€€òòò òCity€ofÏChattanooga€v.€Ballewó óóó,€49€Tenn.App.€310,Ï354€S.W.2d€806,€and€numerous€cases€thereÏcited.€€€€€€€ÌÌÌÌÒ ° ÒÒ ° ÒÓÓòòId.€óóat€209.òò€óó€Applying€this€standard€to€the€facts€of€the€presentÏcase,€we€find€there€was€material€evidence€to€support€the€jury'sÍverdict.€€The€cause€and€extent€of€the€Moons'€injuries€were€almostÏentirely€questions€of€credibility.€€Those€were€questions€for€theÏjury.€€ò òòòReynolds€v.€Ozark€Motor€Lines,€Incóóó ó.,€887€S.W.2d€822,Ï823€(Tenn.€1994).€€The€proof€in€this€case€was€such€that€the€juryÏcould€have€reasonably€concluded€the€Moons€were€not€injured€as€aÏresult€of€the€accident.ÌÌà àà àThe€uncontradicted€testimony€of€Fox€was€that€at€theÏpoint€of€impact€he€was€traveling€so€slowly€his€speedometer€wouldÏlikely€not€have€registered€his€speed.€€He€further€testified€thatÏif€his€wheels€could€have€made€another€half„rotation,€his€car€wouldÏnot€have€touched€the€Moons'€vehicle.€€More€significantly,€theÏphotographs€of€the€vehicles€reveal€not€even€a€scratch€or€dent€toÏthe€front€of€Fox's€car€or€the€rear€of€the€Moons'€car.€€RegardingÏthe€damage€that€the€photographs€of€the€Moons'€car€do€reflect,€theÏjury€could€conclude,€based€upon€the€testimony€of€Richardson€andÏMrs.€Moon,€that€no€"new€damage"€resulted€from€the€accident€withÏFox.€€€ÌÌà àà àThe€jury€could€also€have€reasonably€inferred€from€Mr.ÏMoon's€testimony€that€there€was€little€or€no€physical€effectÏinside€the€Moons'€vehicle€from€the€impact:ÌÓÓÌÌÒ ` ÒÒ ` ÒQ:€€But€you€don't€even€know,€do€you,€sir,Ïwhether€or€not€your€body€made€any€movement,€atÏall?ÌÌA:€€I€felt€something€when€that€car€hit€me.€€IÏfelt€it€right€here.€€ÌÌQ:€€The€question€is:€Do€you€know€whether€orÏnot€your€body€made€any€movement,€at€all?€ÌÌA:€€I€did€like€this€when€the€car€hit€me.€€IÏmoved.€€I€did€like€this,€said,€oh,€I€feltÏsomething.ÌÌQ:€€I'm€talking€about€movement€as€a€result€ofÏthe€impact,€not€something€that€you€may€haveÏdone€after€the€impact,€sir.ÌÌA:€€I€felt€something€when€the€car€hit€me.€ÏThat's€all€I€can€say,€Mr.€Luther.€ÌÌQ:€€But€you€don't€know€whether€or€not€yourÏbody€made€any€movement€at€impact,€do€you,€sir?ÌÌA:€€I€just€felt€something€when€the€car€hit€me.ÌÌÌÌÒ ° ÒÒ ° ÒÓÓThe€proof€also€reveals€that€at€some€point€before€he€saw€Dr.€Mance,Ïthe€physician€who€gave€him€an€impairment€rating,€Mr.€Moon€saw€anÏorthopedic€surgeon,€Dr.€Chandra.€€Dr.€Chandra's€report€indicatesÏas€follows:ÌÓÓÌÌÒ ` ÒÒ ` ÒOn€examination:€€The€patient€is€a€healthyÏadult.€€HEENT€examination€is€negative.€€RangeÏof€motion€of€the€cervical€spine,€lumbar€spine,Ïthoracic€spine€are€completely€normal.€€ThereÍare€no€tender€spots€in€any€of€the€places,Ïthere€are€no€muscle€spasms€that€I€can€identifyÏor€muscle€abnormalities.€€X„ray€reports€of€theÏbone€scan€as€well€as€the€X„rays€and€the€MRÏscan€are€completely€normal,€except€for€a€smallÏbone€spur€at€the€T2„3€area.ÌÌÌÌÒ ° ÒÒ ° ÒÓÓà àà àThe€medical€testimony€regarding€the€Moons'€allegedÏinjuries€indicates€that€most€of€the€symptoms€the€treating€doctorsÏrelied€upon€were€subjective€complaints€of€pain.€€Dr.€Mance'sÏmedical€tests€of€Chanee€Moon€apparently€yielded€negative€results.€ÏAlthough€a€nerve€conduction€test€revealed€that€Mrs.€Moon€hadÏslowed€motor€conduction€across€the€elbow,€indicating€an€ulnarÏnerve€injury,€there€was€evidence€that€she€had€previously€sufferedÏsome€injury€to€her€elbow€in€an€earlier€accident.€€Further,€Mrs.ÏMoon€testified€that€it€was€"some€months"€after€the€accident€beforeÏshe€had€any€problems€with€her€arm.€€It€is€true€that€all€three€ofÏthe€Moons€received€an€anatomical€impairment€rating€from€Dr.€Mance;Ïhowever,€"juries€are€not€bound€to€accept€expert€medical€opinion€asÏto€the€nature€or€extent€of€a€permanent€disability€.€.€."€€ò òòòPooleÏv.€Kroger€Co.,ó óóó€604€S.W.2d€52,€55€(Tenn.€1980).€€This€isÏparticularly€true€when€the€expert's€evaluation€is€based€largelyÏupon€subjective€complaints.ÌÌà àà àFor€the€foregoing€reasons,€the€judgment€of€the€trialÏcourt€is€affirmed€and€this€case€is€remanded€for€the€collection€ofÏcosts€assessed€there,€pursuant€to€applicable€law.€€Costs€on€appealÏare€taxed€and€assessed€to€the€appellants.Ì€€ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà à_________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCharles€D.€Susano,€Jr.,€J.ÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ____________________________ÌHouston€M.€Goddard,€P.J.ÌÌÌÌÌ____________________________ÌDon€T.€McMurray,€J.