ÿWPCn g²^MZÒ3{Cо  òB扬»âçš0£œ (N„~•RuÅÓl‚p)&ÝÐå»ýQä•Ù—ˆÞëË. Ù¡“¹Œ©oË)§;gßÊFîÛ:TõäÇû`cpFVåÀäõAíT ‡ï9œÊš€Mßm+é¾Ýƒèé’OLïPa¡°ú÷Ÿ;;Ö#[ ‹(Òªç쯾ZÑË®g/æÒ˜MÆâK·Õ}u9±)\ÆZ}ý‹òy{°ñ­³9•iD¯¥uçRÃË«Ðþžê?‘ž6ÇWà“ ÃÜÆñ€Ë ¸aÈ$•¼<áôü£!‘6ã–ü5”Ô2 ALSùý²m9NÓãÕ³bØB®x Üæµ‰P«' ®ÑÌn`ñ=uf'°MI•ÅQñ¥œ[.±–Qû•Û^s8Ý\ÌÞ• `:, s‰ RÛ²O„9ë°G“!oîBî±æîƒ)h\&:“l)U<®oÿs½#šZX²˜E£S"ÚÄFF Ðv.€Brewingtonóó,€215€Tenn.€475,€387€S.W.2d€777,€779€(1965).Ð «9û4? ÐÓ XÓÓ XÓÌòòDaley€v.€Stateóó,€869€S.W.2d€338,€340€(Tenn.€App.€1993).€€Ó€ÓA€rule€of€strictÐ Â Ðconstruction€may€be€stated€in€various€terms€and€it€would€seem€that€each€court,Ïaddressing€this€particular€question,€seeks€to€strengthen€the€rule.€€It€is€difficult€toÏadd€anything€to€the€following€statement€of€the€rule€which€came€from€theÏsupreme€court€more€than€sixty€years€ago:ÌÓ XÓÓ XÓà l àÓ€ÓArticle€1,€section€17,€of€the€Constitution,€delegating€to€theÏLegislature€the€power€to€authorize€suits€against€the€state,€being€inÏderogation€of€the€state's€inherent€exemption€from€suit,€must€itselfÏbe€strictly€construed;€hence€legislation€authorizing€suits€against€theÏstate€must€strictly€pursue€the€constitutional€requirements,€and€be€soÏplain,€clear,€and€unmistakable€in€its€provisions€as€to€the€mannerÏand€form€in€which€such€suits€may€be€brought€as€to€leave€nothing€toÏsurmise€or€conjecture.ÌÓ XÓÓ XÓÌÓN(¼ 8d ¸ ,„!Ü#4&Œ(ä*¼8d‚X¸ ,…XNÓòòState€v.€Cookóó,€171€Tenn.€605,€106€S.W.2d€858,€860-61€(1937).Ð k» ÐÌÌà  àÓ€ÓThe€Tennessee€Claims€Commission€was€created€by€chapter€972€of€theÏPublic€Acts€of€1984€and€the€statutory€universe€thereof€is€codified€as€TennesseeÏCode€Annotated€section€9-8-301,€òòet€seqóó.€€By€section€1€of€chapter€105€of€theÐ ×' ÐPublic€Acts€of€1985,€the€General€Assembly€provided€for€that€which€appears€asÏthe€first€part€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€9-8-307(a)(3),€including€theÏprovision:€€"It€is€the€intent€of€the€General€Assembly€that€the€jurisdiction€of€theÏClaims€Commission€be€liberally€construed€to€implement€the€remedial€purposesÏof€this€legislation."ÌÌà  àEven€under€such€liberal€construction,€the€case€at€bar€cannot€be€broughtÏwithin€the€jurisdiction€of€the€Claims€Commission.€€As€this€court€has€previouslyÏobserved:ÌÓ€Óà8  àà ¸ àTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€9„8„307(a)(3)ððs€liberal€constructionÏmandate€does€not€invite€the€courts€to€engage€in€judicial€legislation.€ÏWe€cannot€disregard€the€statuteððs€plain€meaning,€and€we€cannotÏextend€the€statuteððs€application€to€circumstances€not€fairly€includedÏin€its€terms.€€òòMid„South€Publishing€Co.€v.€Tennessee€State€Univ.€&Ð -2}-3 ÐCommunity€College€Sys.€Bd.€of€Regents,€óóApp.€No.€01„A„01„9002„Ð ?3.4 ÐCH„00074,€slip€op.€at€6,€16€T.A.M.€5„8€(Tenn.Ct.App.€Dec.€19,Ï1990).€€Accordingly,€we€cannot€create€rights€or€establish€liabilitiesÏthat€are€not€already€embodied€in€the€statute.€€òòRines€v.€Scottóó,€432Ð u6Å17 ÐA.2d€767,€769€(Me.€1981).€€Liberal€construction€signifies€only€thatÏthe€interpretative€process€may€produce€broader€coverage€or€moreÏinclusive€application€of€statutory€concepts.€€3€Norman€J.€Singer,Ð «9û4: ÐòòStatutes€and€Statutory€Constructionóó€ðð€58.02€(5òòthóó€ed.€1992).а ü! ü! ÐÌòòÓ€ÓHembree€v.€Stateóó,€1995€WL€50066€(Tenn.€App.€1995),€òòaffððdóó€925€S.W.2d€513Ð Ô$ Ð(Tenn.€1996).׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð o¿ ÐÌÔ#†„{—„»¼tB%#ÔÔ#†„{—„„„{—„%#ÔÔ‡¼t»„„{—ÔÔ‡¼t»»¼tÔà  àAppellee€asserts€that€the€subject€matter€jurisdiction€of€the€ClaimsÐ ¥ õ ÐCommission€in€this€case€vests€by€the€statute€removing€sovereign€immunity.€ÏSpecifically€in€its€brief,€Appellee€states:ÌÓ XÓÓ XÓÓQ+¼ 8d¼ ¸ ,„!Ü#4&Œ(ä*¼8d ¸ ,…XQÓÓ€Óà l àTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€9-8-307(a)(1)(J)€vests€jurisdiction€forÏthose€claims€involving€dangerous€conditions€on€state€maintainedÏhighways.€€This€section€does€not€exclude€claims€by€a€subrogatedÏparty.€€It€does€not€exclude€claims€for€property€damage.€€It€does€notÏexclude€claims€for€contribution€or€indemnity.€€To€paraphraseÏsubsection€G€mentioned€in€òòCoxóó,€it€does€not€state€that€"damages€areÐ Ð  Ðnot€recoverable€under€this€section€for€contribution€and€indemnity."€ÏThe€Court€in€òòCox€óórecognized€the€plain€and€unambiguous€meaningÐ ôD Ðof€the€statute.€€It€refused,€as€the€State€contended,€to€arbitrarily€barÏclaims€for€injuries€caused€by€persons€in€the€care,€custody€andÏcontrol€the€State,€yet€allow€claims€for€injuries€to€persons€in€theÏcare,€custody€and€control€of€the€State.€€Similarly,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.ÏððÔ#†„{—„»¼tO7#ÔÔ‡¼t»„„{—ÔÔ#†¼t»»¼tn7#ÔÔ‡¼t»»¼tÔ€9-8-207(a)(1)(J)€does€not€limit€recovery€to€all€claims€exceptÐ Nž Ðthose€for€contribution€and€indemnity.€€No€such€language€appearsÏin€this€statute,€and€it€is€not€implied€in€the€language€of€the€statute.€ÏRather,€the€plain€meaning€of€the€statute€is€to€permit€such€claimsÏarising€from€dangerous€conditions€on€state€maintained€highways.ÌÓ XÓÓ XÓÌÌÓ€Óà  àThis€section€does€not€òòÔ#†„{—„»¼ta<#ÔÔ‡¼t»„„{—ÔÔ#†¼t»»¼t£<#ÔÔ‡¼t»»¼tÔexcludeóó€claims€by€a€subrogated€party.€€It€does€notÐ Ì$ ! Ðòòexcludeóó€claims€for€property€damage.€€It€does€not€òòexcludeóó€claims€for€contributionÐ g&·!# Ðor€indemnity.€€Under€the€rule€of€strict€construction€applicable€to€the€statutoryÏremoval€of€sovereign€immunity,€we€do€not€have€a€question€of€"what€is€notÏexcluded"€but€rather€a€question€of€"what€is€plainly,€clearly,€and€unmistakablyÏincluded."€€In€short,€Appellee€seeks€a€liberal€construction€of€what€we€areÏconstitutionally€and€statutorily€mandated€to€construe€strictly.ÌÌà  àThe€Claims€Commission€overruled€the€12.02(6)€motion€on€the€basis€thatÐ ¤1ô,1 ÐNorthland€Insurance€Company€was€substituted,€without€objection€by€the€State,Ïas€the€"real€party€in€interest."€€Neither€the€Claims€Commission€nor€this€court€norÏthe€parties€to€the€litigation€have€the€power€to€expand€subject€matter€jurisdictionÏin€such€a€manner.€€òòStokes€v.€University€of€Tenn.óó,€737€S.W.2d€545,€546€(Tenn.Ð  Ñ ÐApp.€1987).ÌÌà  àIn€this€case,€the€estate€of€Dion€Deskovic,€along€with€Mr.€and€Mrs.ÏSheppard€and€Mr.€and€Mrs.€McGuire,€had€potential€claims€against€both€the€StateÏof€Tennessee€before€the€Tennessee€Claims€Commission,€and€KennethÏMcDonald,€Tennessee€Walnut,€Inc.,€and€Grundy€County€Lumber€Co.,€Inc.,Ïbefore€the€Circuit€Court€of€Putnam€County.€€Appellee,€Northland€InsuranceÏCompany€was€exposed€to€liability€not€because€of€any€"dangerous€conditions€onÏstate€maintained€highways"€but€because€of€its€policy€of€liability€insuranceÏcovering€McDonald,€Tennessee€Walnut,€and€Grundy€County€Lumber.€€AppelleeÏseeks€indemnity€or€contribution€from€an€alleged€joint€tort€feasor€that€for€goodÏor€ill€is€protected€by€sovereign€immunity€except€where€such€immunity€has€beenÏremoved€by€statute.€€Neither€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€9-8-307€nor€anyÏother€statute€purports€to€waive€sovereign€immunity€for€indemnity€or€contributionÏclaims.€€The€position€of€Appellee€is€tenable€only€under€an€extremely€broad€andÏliberal€construction€of€the€statute.€€This€court€is€bound€by€a€constitutional€andÏstatutorily€mandated€strict€construction€rule.ÌÔ#†„{—„»¼t—>#ÔÔ‡¼t»„„{—ÔÔ#†¼t»»¼tÙ>#ÔÔ‡¼t»»¼tÔà  àÌà  àÓN(¼ 8d ¸ ,„!Ü#4&Œ(ä*¼8d‚X¸ ,…XNÓThe€foregoing€is€dispositive€of€this€case.€€It€is€well,€however,€to€note€thatÏto€the€extent€Appellee's€claim€involves€the€Uniform€Contribution€amongÏTort-feasors€Act,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29-11-101,€òòÔ#†„{—„»¼tvG#ÔÔ‡¼t»„„{—ÔÔ#†¼t»»¼t¸G#ÔÔ‡¼t»»¼tÔet€seq.óó,€there€is€no€expressÐ 8+ˆ&0 Ðstatement€in€the€statute€that€it€is€applicable€to€the€state.€€Tennessee€has€longÏadhered€to€the€rule€that€"[t]he€general€business€of€the€legislative€power€is€toÏestablish€laws€for€individuals,€not€for€the€sovereign;€and,€when€the€rights€of€theÏcommonwealth€are€to€be€transferred€to€affected,€the€intention€must€be€plainlyÏexpressed€or€necessarily€implied."€€òòKeeble€v.€City€of€Alcoaóó,€204€Tenn.€286,€289,Ð ?3.: Ð319€S.W.2d€249,€250€(1958);€€òòDavidson€County€v.€Harmonóó,€200€Tenn.€575,€582,Ð Ú4*0< Ð292€S.W.2d€777,€780€(1956);€€òòHarrison€Constr.€Co.€v.€Gibson€County€Bd.€ofÐ u6Å1> ÐEduc.óó,€642€S.W.2d€148,€150€(Tenn.€App.€1982);€òò€see€also€General€Tel.€Co.€v.Ð 8`3@ ÐBoydóó,€208€Tenn.€24,€343€S.W.2d€872€(1960);€€òòAutomobile€Sales€Co.€v.€Johnsonóó,Ð «9û4B Ð174€Tenn.€38,€122€S.W.2d€453€(1938).ÌÌà  àThe€Claims€Commission€is€without€subject€matter€jurisdiction€of€this€caseÏand€the€judgment€of€the€Commission€is€reversed€and€the€case€dismissed.€€CostsÏare€assessed€against€Appellee,€Northland€Insurance€Co.,€for€which€executionÏmay€issue€if€necessary.̀̀ÌÔ#†„{—„»¼t+I#ÔÔ#†„{—„„„{—mI#ÔÔ‡„{—„„„{—Ôà  àà ¸ àà  àà  àÓN(¼ 8d  z „!Ü#4&Œ(ä*<-¼8d ¸ ,…XNÓÓ€Óà „! àà Ü# à¼à Ü# àà  àà z àà  à______________________________ÌÔ‡¼t»„„{—ÔÔ#†¼t»»¼t«M#ÔÔ‡¼t»»¼tÔà  àà  àà z àà  àWILLIAM€B.€CAIN,€JUDGEÐ H˜ ÐÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ___________________________________Ô#†„{—„»¼tÂN#ÔÔ#†„{—„„„{—O#ÔÐ  !p ÐÔ€¼t»„„{—ÔBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€P.J.,€M.S.Ð 2"‚ ÐÌÌ___________________________________ÌWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGE