ÿWPCh ¾UÌa‘xS00îØ\X‚.îft:G Úíi_N*# LUNW %¥ 0(«w@Ó4'6UN> ŒUN˜ 0læ 0DR – ¢ 0D® ò U:ó ó ó ó ó ó ó ó ó ó ó ó ó ó AQ- Æ~ BD 0Da 0D¥ ¥ D/é é B D35˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLlÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ ŒDŽD‘V’V“”Ó€žs~Á&3|xž(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular Ý ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ýà ` àDr.€Rutherford€explained€that€neuroforamenal€stenosis€occurs€when€the€openingsÐ ° Ðthrough€which€nerves€pass€shrink€in€size,€thus€putting€pressure€on€the€nerves.€€(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó Ý ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ýà ` àDr.€Rutherford€explained€that€neuroforamenal€stenosis€occurs€when€the€openingsÐ ° Ðthrough€which€nerves€pass€shrink€in€size,€thus€putting€pressure€on€the€nerves.€€ Ý ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ýà ` àDr.€Rutherford€explained€that€neuroforamenal€stenosis€occurs€when€the€openingsÐ ° Ðthrough€which€nerves€pass€shrink€in€size,€thus€putting€pressure€on€the€nerves.€€(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý ÷Ý ƒ¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€X%DXXXÔÔ€:(XX%DÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X%DX:(ÔÐ  ÐÌJune€2,€1999ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAhÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular!#$&Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 d(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó(('÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd""""'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñ”ñ›ñ”ñÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓ  ÓÑ7€ÜÃXXdðXXdð7Ñò òÔ‡ XýqXXXÔñžññ”ñßr€ )<,(j 8` `€€@Eȱ` 8ttxP°ð  rßñ”ññžññžññžññ”ñ›ñ”ñà@ ìàIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEó óˆÐ ° Ðò òñžñœßt€ )>.*jx¤` `€€@EÌ@` 8ttxPœð ¤ tß›ñžñà@úú$ìàAT€NASHVILLEˆÐ œì Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌóóÌPEARL€NIXON,à ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ð L œ Ðó óà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àò ò)ó óÐ 8 ˆ Ðà  àœPlaintiff/Apñ“ñpñ“ñellee,›à  àà h àò òà À à)à  àó óWilson€Circuit€No.€8854Ð $ t Ðò òà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)ó óà  àà p àÐ  d Ðò òv.à  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  à€Ð  P  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àÐ ì <  ÐSHONEYððS,€INC.€€€€€€€€€à  àà h à€à À à)à  àó óAppeal€No.€01A01„9711„CV„00629ò òÐ Ø(  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ìà  àó óDefendant/Appellant.à  àà h àò òà À à)à  àÐ ´  ЀÌÌà@îîìàó óAPPEAL€FROM€THE€WILSON€COUNTY€CIRCUIT€COURT€€€€€€€€€€€ˆÐ |Ì Ðà@ßßìàAT€LEBANON,€TENNESSEE€€ˆÌÌÌà@: : ìàTHE€HONORABLE€BOBBY€CAPERS,€JUDGEˆÌòòÌÌÌFor€the€Plaintiff/Appelleeóó:òòà  àà h àà À àFor€the€Defendant/Appellantóó:Ô#†XÜÃXX XýqÀ#ÔÔ‡ XýqXXXÜÃÔòòÐ Ü, ÐóóÌHenry€Clay€Barry€€€€€€à ¸ àà  àà h à€€€€€€€€€€€€Andrew€C.€Rambo€€€€€€€€Ð ´ ÐLebanon,€Tennessee€€€à  àà h à€€€€€€€€€€€€Shelbyville,€Tennessee€€€€Ð  ð Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌÌò òÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àAFFIRMED€AS€MODIFIEDÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àó óHOLLY€KIRBY€LILLARD,€J.Ð %P # ÐÌÌÌCONCURS:ÌòòÌóóW.€FRANK€CRAWFORD,€P.J.,€W.S.Ð ˆ*Ø%) ÐÌDAVID€R.€FARMER,€J.ÌÔ#†XÜÃXX XýqA #ÔÔ‡ XýqXXXÜÃÔÌÔ#†XÜÃXX XýqÔ #ÔÐ  8.ˆ)- ÐØØÑ7€ÜÃXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÓÓà@55'ìàò òOPINIONó óˆÐ ° Ðà  àThis€is€a€personal€injury€slip€and€fall€case.€€The€plaintiff€was€injured€when€she€fell€in€theÏdefendantððs€restaurant€due€to€a€tray€negligently€left€on€the€floor.€€The€defendant€restaurant€admitsÏliability€but€asserts€that€the€evidence€does€not€support€the€amount€of€the€trial€courtððs€award€and€seeksÏa€remittitur.€€We€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€decision€as€modified.Ìà  àOn€January€26,€1993,€the€plaintiff,€Pearl€Nixon€(ð ðNixonðð),€sustained€injuries€in€theÏdefendantððs€restaurant,€Shoneyððs,€Inc.€(ð ðShoneyððsðð).€€As€Nixon€walked€around€the€end€of€theÏbreakfast€bar,€she€stepped€into€a€bussing€tray€that€was€left€unattended€adjacent€to€the€bar.€€The€trayÏslid€out€from€under€her€feet,€causing€her€body€to€be€thrown€against€the€bar€with€one€leg€underneathÏher€body.€€Nixon€testified€that€she€did€not€see€the€tray€and€would€not€have€seen€it€even€if€she€wouldÏhave€looked€down€because€of€the€dim€lighting€in€that€area€of€the€restaurant.€€€€Ìà  àAfter€the€incident,€Nixon€filed€this€lawsuit€against€Shoneyððs€alleging€that€the€DefendantððsÏemployees€negligently€left€the€tray€on€the€floor.€€She€sought€$100,000€as€compensatory€damages€forÏher€injuries,€pain€and€suffering,€medical€bills,€future€pain€and€suffering,€and€future€medical€bills.€ÏIn€its€Answer,€Shoneyððs€admitted€that€Nixon€stepped€in€a€busing€tray€while€she€was€a€customer€inÏtheir€restaurant.€€All€other€allegations€were€denied.€€Shoneyððs€raised€the€defenses€of€failure€to€stateÏa€claim,€contributory€negligence,€and€assumption€of€the€risk.€€The€case€was€heard€as€a€bench€trial.Ìà  àOver€the€four€and€one„half€year€period€prior€to€trial,€Nixon€saw€several€physicians,Ïcomplaining€at€various€times€of€pain€in€her€shoulder,€arm,€left€rib€cage,€left€hip,€lower€spine,€rightÏknee,€and€left€ankle.€€The€parties€stipulated€that€the€$6500€she€spent€in€seeing€these€doctors€was€aÏreasonable€amount€for€medical€expenses.Ìà  àAfter€the€injury,€Nixon€saw€Dr.€Randy€C.€Fullerton,€who€treated€her€for€pain€in€her€chest,Ïright€knee,€left€ankle€and€hip.€€Dr.€Fullerton€then€referred€Nixon€to€Dr.€Stephen€Neely,€in€June€1993,Ïsome€four€and€one„half€months€after€the€fall.€€A€referral€letter€from€Dr.€Fullerton€to€Dr.€NeelyÏindicated€that€Nixonððs€injuries€were€resolved€except€for€pain€in€her€hip€and€back.€€Nixon€complainedÏof€back€pain€for€the€first€time€approximately€ten€days€before€she€saw€Dr.€Neely.€€On€the€visit€withÏDr.€Neely,€Nixon€complained€to€Dr.€Neely€of€pain€in€the€left€rib€cage,€left€iliac€crest,€and€left€hip.€ÏA€bone€scan€indicated€arthritis€in€the€right€knee€and€left€ankle€and€healing€rib€fractures.€€Dr.€NeelyÏstated€that€the€rib€fractures,€ankle€pain,€and€knee€pain€were€consistent€with€and€more€likely€than€notÏrelated€to€the€fall,€based€on€his€opinion€that€the€fall€aggravated€existing€arthritic€conditions€in€theÐ ;`6: Ðknee€and€ankle.€€A€myelogram€showed€bulging€of€the€annulus€and€degenerative€disk€disease€inÏNixonððs€back.€€Dr.€Neely€stated€that€the€back€problems€probably€pre„existed€the€fall€because€theyÏð ðdonððt€just€develop€in€a€short€term€after€injury.ðð€€Dr.€Neely€noted€that€the€only€way€that€he€couldÏcorrelate€the€spine€problems€with€Nixonððs€back€pain€was€to€say€that€the€ð ðpre„existing€degenerativeÏdisk€disease€in€her€twisting€mobality€[sic]€as€she€went€down,€had€been€stirred€up.ðð€€However,€whenÏasked€about€medical€certainty€of€the€cause€of€the€back€pain,€Dr.€Neely€testified€as€follows:€ÌÓÓÒ°ÒÒ°ÒA:à ` àAscribing€her€pain€to€the€degenerative€changes€that€we€saw€on€our€studies;Ð ð@  Ðthose€changes€certainly€pre„dated€her€injury,€but€itððs€certainly€possible€that€theÏsymptoms€were€certainly€exacerbated€by€the€fall.ÌQ:à ` àWould€it€be€your€opinion€to€a€degree€of€medical€certainty,€and€by€a€degree€ofÐ À Ðmedical€certainty,€I€mean€more€likely€than€not,€from€the€history€she€gave€you€that€theÏpain€that€existed€in€her€lower€back€is€a€result€of€the€fall?ÌA:à ` àHonestly,€Iððm€not€sure€to€a€degree€of€medical€certainty€on€that€issue.€€I€saidÐ à Ðtwice€in€my€notes,€Iððm€not€sure€whatððs€going€on€here.€€The€pain€was€not€typical€ofÏthe€pain€one€sees€with€degenerative€disks.€€It€was€over€a€wider€area€involving€theÏiliac€crest,€and€you€know,€I€never€was€comfortable€that€I€understood€what€that€painÏwas€from.€€I€just€never€felt€I€had€a€handle€on€why€that€lady€had€that€pain.ÌÌÒ°ïÒÒ°áÒÓÓIn€December€of€1993,€Nixon€began€complaining€to€Dr.€Neely€of€shoulder€pain;€however,€when€dyeÏwas€placed€in€the€joint,€ñˆñœñˆñapparently€toñˆñ›ñˆñ€test€for€ñˆñœñˆñòòñˆñò òó óñˆñóóthe€cause€of€the€pain,€theñˆñ›ñˆñ€test€was€negative.€€NixonÐ ` Ðconsulted€Dr.€Neely€for€the€last€time€in€April€1994€about€pain€in€her€shoulder,€back,€and€left€leg,€butÏdid€not€return€for€follow€up€visits.€€€€€€Ìà  àIn€December€of€1995,€almost€two€years€after€the€fall,€Nixon€began€seeing€Dr.€Richard€T.€ÏRutherford.€€She€complained€to€Dr.€Rutherford€of€pain€in€her€left€hip,€leg,€and€back.€€HisÏexamination€showed€osteoporosis€and€osteoarthritis€of€the€lower€lumbar€vertebrae,€severeÏdegenerative€disc€disease,€and€neuroforamenal€stenosis€at€the€L5€level.ñˆñœñˆññˆññ‰ñ׃ ×ñ‰ññ‰ñ׃×ñ‰ññˆññˆñ׃×ñˆñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ñˆñ›ñˆñ€€In€Dr.€Rutherfordððs€opinion,Ð P( #& Ðthe€fall€could€have€resulted€in€the€pain€of€which€Nixon€complained:€€ÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓQ:à ` àBased€on€the€history,€did€you€relate€those€injuries€to€a€specific€event?Ð ,`'* ÐA:à ` àThe€radicular€pain€that€she€was€having€was,€in€my€opinion,€related€to€nerveÐ -P(+ Ðroot€irritation€that€we€found€on€testing,€and€although€present€at€the€time€of€the€fall,Ïthe€fall€could€very€easily€have€set€off€a€series€of€reactions€in€the€body€that€resultedÏin€the€pain.ÌQ:€€à ` àDid€she€report€that€she€had€that€pain€before€the€fall?à È àÐ À0,/ ÐA:à ` àNo,€she€didnððt€have€that€specific€pain.Ð °1-0 ÐQ:à ` àAre€your€findings€consistent€with€the€fall€setting€off€the€chain€of€events€thatÐ  2ð-1 Ðbrought€her€to€see€you?ÌA:à ` àThat€is€plausible,€yes,€sir.Ð €4Ð/3 ÐQ:à ` àWhat€is€your€prognosis?Ð p5À04 Мñ‘ñÐ  `6°15 Ðñ‘ñA:›à ` àHer„„she€is€going€to€continue€to€have€problems€throughout€her€life€.€.€.€.€ButÐ ° Ðat€the€current€state€of€the€art,€she€may€at€some€point€require€surgery€for€theÏneuroformenosis.€€Osteoporosis€typically€tends€to€get€worse€over€a€period€of€time.€ÏQ:à ` àIs€it€your€opinion€that€the€pain€will€increase€or€decrease?Ð €Ð ÐA:à ` àItððs€going€to€wax€and€wain,€probably€never€going€away.€€Ð pÀ ÐÌÒ°7"ÒÒ°)"ÒÓÓWhen€asked€on€cross€examination€whether€he€found€objective€findings€of€a€causal€connectionÏbetween€the€fall€and€the€hip€or€back€injuries,€Dr.€Rutherford€stated€that€the€cause€wasÏneuroforamenal€stenosis,€ð ðbut€the€cause€of€the€cause,€there€was€no€way€of€knowingðð€to€a€reasonableÏdegree€of€medical€certainty.€€Ìà  àBoth€Nixon€and€her€son€testified€about€how€the€fall€had€affected€Nixonððs€life.€€Nixon€testifiedÏthat€she€cannot€do€certain€activities€that€she€could€perform€prior€to€the€fall,€such€as€mowing€her€lawn,Ïclimbing,€stooping,€bending,€putting€on€her€pantyhose,€standing€on€her€feet€for€extended€periods,Ïvacuuming,€and€taking€walks.€€Nixonððs€son€testified€that€her€inability€to€bend€down€now€preventsÏher€from€washing€dishes€or€using€her€lower€oven.€€He€testified€that€she€cannot€now€cook€largeÏholiday€meals€or€effectively€trim€her€hedges€as€she€used€to,€and€that€she€must€now€sleep€in€anÏinclined€position.Ìà  àThe€trial€court€found€Shoneyððs€to€be€one€hundred€percent€at€fault€and€awarded€Nixon€$55,000Ïin€compensatory€damages.€€In€ñˆñœñˆñits€oral€rulingñˆñ›ñˆñ€the€trial€court€emphasized€that€Nixon€had€no€medicalÏproblems€prior€to€the€fall€and€that€her€arthritis,€which€previously€caused€her€no€discomfort,€nowÏcauses€her€to€have€ð ðgood€days€and€bad€days€as€it€relates€to€the€pain€associated€with€this€injury.ðð€ÏFrom€this€order,€Shoneyððs€now€appeals.Ìà  àThe€sole€issue€for€appellate€review€is€whether€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trialÏcourtððs€damages€award.Ì€à  àOur€standard€of€review€is€governed€by€Rule€13(d)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€AppellateÐ ,`'* ÐProcedure.€Ô‡ XŒXXXŒÔ€Because€the€trial€court€tried€this€case€sitting€without€a€jury,€we€review€the€case€òòde€novoóóÐ ð-@), Ðupon€the€record€with€a€presumption€of€correctness€of€the€findings€of€fact€by€the€trial€ñˆñœñˆñcourt.€€ò òòòSeeó óóóÐ Ð/ +. ÐTenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(d).Ô#†XŒXX XŒQ.#Ôñˆñ›ñˆñÐ °1-0 Ðà  àShoneyððs€does€not€dispute€the€medical€testimony€that€Nixon€fractured€several€ribs€in€the€fallÏand€aggravated€pre„existing€arthritis€in€her€ankle€and€knee€and€does€not€dispute€its€liability€for€theseÏñˆñœñˆñinjuries.€€Shoneyððs€relies€on€Dr.€ñˆñFulltertonñˆññˆñFullertonñˆñððs€letter€to€Dr.€Neely€to€argue€that€the€injuries€related€toÏthe€fall€were€resolved€within€120€days€after€the€fall,€œandñŠñ€thñŠññ‹ññŠñtañŠññ‹ññŒñatñŒñ›€œthereforeññ€thatññ,›€Nixon€can€only€recover€forÐ 09€48 Ðpain€and€suffering€for€the€four€month€period€after€the€trial.€€Shoneyððsñˆñ›ñˆñ€contends,€however,€that€thereÏwas€no€proof€to€a€reasonable€degree€of€medical€certainty€relating€Nixonððs€injuries€in€her€shoulder,Ïhip,€and€back€to€the€fall,€and€œñŽñthat€ñŽñtherefore,›€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€amount€of€the€trialÏcourtððs€award€of€damages.€€Shoneyððs€notes€that€Nixon€did€not€complain€of€back€injuries€until€fourÏmonths€after€the€fall.€€In€addition,€Shoneyððs€maintains€that€Nixonððs€current€physical€limitations€areÏall€caused€by€back€problems€and€are€€unrelated€to€the€fall.€€Ìà  àð ðWhere€a€physician€testifies€concerning€the€physical€condition,€his€opinion€must€beÏreasonably€ñˆñœñˆñcertain€bothñˆñ›ñˆñ€as€to€the€cause€of€the€physical€ñˆñœñˆñcondition€and€its€future€œeffects.ññððññ›€€œòòò òññSeeñññˆñ›ñˆñññ›€ññPorter›€v.Ð Ð  ÐGreenóóó ó,€745€S.W.2d€874,€877€(Tenn.€App.€1987).€€To€support€an€award€for€damages,€the€physicianððsÐ ° Ðtestimony€must€show€more€than€a€mere€likelihood€or€possibility.€€òòò òSee€id.ó óóó€€In€this€case,€Nixon€failedÐ à Ðto€demonstrate€with€reasonable€certainty€that€the€fall€in€Shoneyððs€caused€her€back,€hip,€or€shoulderÏproblems.€€Although€both€Dr.€Neely€and€Dr.€Rutherford€testified€that€the€fall€possibly€could€haveÏaggravated€the€back€and€hip€conditions,€neither€could€say€to€a€degree€of€medical€certainty€that€theÏfall€caused€the€pain€or€conditions.€€There€was€no€testimony€as€to€the€causation€of€the€shoulder€pain.€ÏNixonððs€testimony€about€the€effect€of€the€fall€on€her€daily€activities€is€insufficient€to€show€a€causalÏrelation€between€the€fall€and€the€back,€shoulder,€or€hip€injuries.€€Because€Nixon€failed€to€prove€theÏcause€of€these€injuries€to€a€reasonable€certainty,€the€evidence€preponderates€against€anyÏcompensation€for€them.€Ìà  à€Nixonððs€recovery€is€limited€to€compensation€for€damages€she€has€shown€to€a€degree€ofÏreasonable€medical€certainty„„the€fractured€ribs€and€aggravated€arthritic€conditions€in€her€knee€andÏankle.€€In€order€to€recover€for€permanent€injuries€to€these€areas,€however,€Nixon€must€prove€theÏfuture€consequences€of€these€injuries€to€a€degree€of€reasonable€medical€certainty.€€òòò òSee€ñˆñœñˆñid.óóó ó€€Thisñˆñ›ñˆñ€wasÐ ,`'* Ðnot€done.€€Nixon€refers€to€Dr.€Rutherfordððs€testimony€that€Nixonððs€condition€will€ð ðwax€and€wain,Ïprobably€never€going€awayðð€as€evidence€of€permanent€injury.€€Dr.€Rutherfordððs€statement,€however,Ïrefers€to€the€effects€of€the€neuroformenosis€and€osteoporosis,€not€the€arthritic€knee€condition€or€ribÏfractures.€€€As€noted€above,€Nixon€cannot€be€compensated€for€her€back,€hip,€or€shoulder€injuriesÏbecause€she€failed€to€prove€to€a€degree€of€reasonable€medical€certainty€that€they€were€caused€by€theÏfall.€€Nixon€and€her€son€testified€that,€as€of€the€time€of€trial,€she€could€not€perform€some€of€her€prior€œñ’ñÐ  P7 26 Ðñ’ñactivities;›€their€testimony€does€not€establish€that€the€limitations€are€permanent.€€Therefore,€theÏevidence€is€insufficient€to€support€an€award€for€permanent€injuries€in€this€case.€€Ìà  àConsequently,€Nixon€must€be€limited€to€recovery€for€the€pain€and€suffering€associated€withÏthe€rib€fractures€and€arthritic€knee€and€ankle€conditions.€€The€letter€from€Nixonððs€original€treatingÏphysician,€Dr.€Fullerton,€indicated€that€both€of€these€injuries€were€resolved€within€four€and€one„halfÏmonths€after€the€fall.€€Nixon€did€complain€of€pain€in€her€ribs€in€June€1993,€on€her€first€visit€to€Dr.ÏNeely.€€However,€after€that,€the€record€contains€no€further€mention€of€rib,€ankle,€or€knee€pain.€ÏTherefore,€the€evidence€supports€an€award€for€only€this€five€month€period.€€We€reduce€the€award€ofÏcompensatory€damages€to€$30,000€including€the€$6500€of€medical€expenses.Ìà  àIn€sum,€the€evidence€in€this€case€does€not€support€an€award€of€damages€for€Nixonððs€back,Ïhip,€or€shoulder€conditions.€€The€plaintiff€presented€sufficient€evidence€to€support€an€award€ofÏdamages€for€the€rib€fractures€and€arthritic€knee€and€ankle€conditions.€€However,€Nixon€failed€toÏpresent€sufficient€evidence€that€these€injuries€were€permanent.€€Therefore,€Nixonððs€recovery€for€theseÏinjuries€is€limited€to€damages€for€the€five„month€period€following€the€fall.€€We€reduce€theÏcompensatory€damages€to€$30,000.Ìà  àThe€decision€of€the€trial€court€is€as€affirmed€as€modified.€€Costs€are€taxed€to€œAppelleeñ‘ñò òó óñ‘ñ,›€forÏwhich€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.€ÌÌÓÓÔ‡ XmmXXXŒÔà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð p&À!$ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àò òóóHOLLY€KIRBY€LILLARD,€J.Ð \'¬"% Ðó óà  àò òÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ø+H'* ÐóóW.€FRANK€CRAWFORD,€P.€J.,€W.S.Ð ä,4(+ 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Ðóóò òDAVID€R.€FARMER,€J.ó óÔ#†XŒXX XmmåC#ÔÐ ”0ä+/ ÐÌà  àÌà  àÌà  à€€€€€€€€€€Ìà  àÌÌ