WPCH # VUNa % 0(w@4 1 UP@ 0l 0D @ 0JH 0T 0^ 0hD 0r 0| 0 0 1u 0d%U>U6B)DC& D3i B AM 0@U*Fp~(*v~Rv AO 0D D/ B+HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,,,,,,0nL(hH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($ >?D@ABCDDEFӀRڃ"uFri3|xR&@FZ 8CaslonOpnface BT Regular((3$ !      0  (#$  0  2 0Indent123  2" 0Indent20 23  2, 0Indent30 0 23  26 0Indent40 0 0 23  2@ 0Indent50 0 0 0 23  2J 0Indent60 0 0 0 0 23  2T 0Indent70 0 0 0 0 0 23  2^ 0Indent80 0 0 0 0 0 0 23   ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P 8Mac DefaultMac Default ` X<  9p`(&Times New Roman<  9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d((((7Border 1dd++++'dxd d-)C << G("$    <  9p`(Arial  !#d#&  ..   YYY FILED.X August12,1997CecilCrowson,Jr..AppellateCourtClerk   !#d#&   $       ''Theappellantseeksaremandforthesettingofchildsupportandotherreliefintheeventwereversethetrialcourtschangeofcustody.Inviewofourdispositionofthisappeal,wedonotreachappellantssecondissue.  !#d#&   $       ''Therewas,however,noproofthattheywerehavingsexatthetimethechildwasinbedwiththem.PtPtHH(FG(HH(d'hStyl{WP}01  HH  2$HH  Geneva  <Px443!#4$*$$*$ KK  Geneva  Geneva .,6 Geneva   h HD: Geneva  h HD: Geneva -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd ! . &  P '7|XXdd7\RA'\  ћ @ INTHECOURTOFAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE̜R,/)A1-j|i`  `@RߛROBERTELLISROULETTE,  )C/ANO.03A019701GS00010      )  PlaintiffAppellee, )      )      )      )   X       )APPEALASOFRIGHTFROMTHEBLOUNTv.      )COUNTYGENERALSESSIONSCOURT      )      )      )      )HEATHERMARIEHICKSROULETTE, )      )HONORABLEWILLIAMR.BREWER,JR.      DefendantAppellant.)JUDGEForAppellant     ForAppelleeSANDRAG.OLIVE    JERRYG.CUNNINGHAMOlive&Olive     Kizer&BlackKnoxville,Tennessee   Maryville,Tennessee   @ OPINION''XAFFIRMEDANDREMANDED       Susano,J.  Inthispostdivorceproceeding,thetrialcourt,followingabenchtrial,grantedthepetitionofRobertEllisRoulette(Father)seekingsolecustodyofthepartieschild,CodyϜDyllanRoulette,agethree.Insodoing,thecourtmodifiedthepartiesjudgmentofdivorce,which,pursuanttothepartiesmaritaldissolutionagreement,haddecreedjointcustodyanddesignatedHeatherMarieHicksWilliams(formerlyRoulette)Ϝ(Mother)astheresidentialcustodian.Motherappealed,arguingthattheevidencepreponderatesagainstthetrialcourtsdeterminationthattherewasamaterialandsubstantialchangeinthecircumstancesofthepartiesandtheirchildjustifyingachangeofcustody. 0   ׀Weaffirm.  OnDecember18,1995,FatherwenttoMothersapartment.Hisvisitwaspromptedbyareporthehadreceivedfromaprivateinvestigatorwhohadexpressedsomeconcernregardingthewellbeingofthepartieschild.Afterknockingonthedoor,Fatherwasgreetedbyamanwhomhedidnotknow.Themanwasdressedinhisunderwearwithnoshirt.  Fathertestifiedthatthehousewasdirty,thatitsmelledofbeerandurine,andthatitappearedthattheoccupantshadbeensleepingonthefloor.Therewerebeercansonthelivingroomfloor.Hissoncamefromoneoftherooms,cryingandaskingforhismother.Beinguncomfortablewiththeconditionsinwhichhissonwasliving,Fathertookthechild,andafteravisittohisattorneysoffice,transportedhimtothehomeofFathersϜparents,withwhomhewasliving.Hispetitionforchangeofcustodywasfiledthesameday.  Thiscaseisbeforeusforadenovoreviewofthetrialcourtsfindings.Rule13(d),T.R.A.P.Thosefindingscometouswithapresumptionofcorrectnessthatwemusthonorunlesstheevidencepreponderatesagainstthosefindings.Id.Inthiscase,thetrialcourtdidnotmakespecificfindings: 8 TheCourtfindsthatbasedontheprooftodaythattherehasbeenasubstantialandmaterialchangeofcircumstanceswhereitsnowinthebestinterestsofthechildthatcustodyshouldbeawardedtoMr.Roulette.Therewerevariousfactorssetout.TheCourtisnotgoingtoenumeratethem...Intheabsenceofspecificfindings,ourfocusisonthetrialcourtsultimatedeterminationthatFatherhaddemonstratedtherequisiteshowingofamaterialandsubstantialchangeofϜcircumstances.Ourreviewoftherecordfocusesonthisultimatedetermination. Kellyv.Kelly ,679S.W.2d458,460(Tenn.App.1984).Our searchiswithrespecttothepreponderanceoftheevidenceasitpertainstothisultimateholding.  Thebulkoftheevidenceinthiscaseconsistsoftheoraltestimonyofthepartiesandtheirwitnesses.Therearenumerousconflictsinthetestimony,particularlythetestimonyofFatherandMother.Thetrialcourt,byitsdecision,resolvedthoseconflictsinfavorofFather.SincewedidnotobservetheϜwitnesses,wemustdefertothetrialcourtsjudgmentastoϜcredibility. [O]nanissuewhichhingesonwitnesscredibility,Ϝ[thetrialcourt]willnotbereversedunless,otherthantheoraltestimonyofthewitnesses,thereisfoundintherecordclear,Ϝconcreteandconvincingevidencetothecontrary.𛀀 TennesseeValleyKaolinv.Perry ,526S.W.2d488,490(Tenn.App.1974).ϜWhiletherearesomephotographsintherecord,theydonotrepresent clear,concreteandconvincingevidencetothecontrary.𛀀526S.W.2dat490.  Inordertochangecustody,atrialcourtmustfind amaterialchangeincircumstancesthatiscompellingenoughtowarrantthedramaticremedyofchangedcustody. Musselmanv.ϜAcuff ,826S.W.2d920,922(Tenn.App.1991).Itisclearthatinmakingthisevaluation,atrialcourthaswidediscretion. Grantv.Grant ,286S.W.2d349,350(Tenn.App.1954). [W]hentheactivitiesofaparentinvolveneglectofthechildren,suchneglectmaybeconsideredinrelationtothebestinterestsofthechildren. Mimmsv.Mimms ,780S.W.2d739,745(Tenn.App.1989).  ResolvingtheconflictingtestimonyofthewitnessesinfavorofFather,thereareanumberoffactsshowingamaterialandsubstantialchangeinthecircumstancesofthepartiesandtheirchild.MotherwaslivingwithherchildinanapartmentϜthathadnobeds.Itwasdirtyandsmelledofbeerandurine.Sincethedivorce,Motherhadusedmarijuana.Infact,shefailedacourtordereddrugscreentestonthedaythecourtconsideredtheissueoftemporarycustody.TherewasalsoproofthatMotherhad,onoccasion,abusedalcoholsincethedivorce.TherewasalsoproofthatMotherleftthepartieschildwithafriendatherparentsswimmingpoolsoshecouldgoinsideandhavesexwithavisitingmale.Therewasuncontradictedproofthatonanotheroccasionsheleftthechildwithanothersoshecouldgooutsideandsmokemarijuanawithfriends.OneofthewitnessescalledbyFathertestifiedthatshesawthechildinbedwithMotherandherloveranindividualwithwhomMotherwasadmittedlyinvolvedinasexualrelationship. 1   כ  WedonotfindthattheevidencepreponderatesagainstthetrialcourtsfindingofamaterialandsubstantialchangeofϜcircumstances,ascontemplatedbytheholdingin Musselman .ϜCertainly,theevidencedoesnotpreponderateagainstthetrialcourtsdeterminationthatachangeofcustodywasappropriate.  MothercontendsthatcustodywaschangedbecausethefriendwhowaskeepingherchildonDecember18,1995,wasanAfricanAmerican.Sheandthisfriendweremarriedthenextday.Motherreliesuponthecaseof Palmorev.Sidoti ,466U.S.429,104S.Ct.1879,80L.Ed.2d421(1984),forthepropositionthatthisrelationship,inandofitself,cannotbethebasisforacustodychange.  WeagreewithMotherthatthe Palmore casestandsforthepropositioncited;however,wefindnoindicationthatMr.Williamsraceplayedanyroleinthecourtsdecision.Infactthetrialcourtstatedspecificallythatit didntconsideranyraceatall.WefindthatMothersconduct,standingalone,wasϜsufficienttowarrantachangeofcustody.  Thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisaffirmed.Costsonappealaretaxedagainsttheappellantandhersurety.Thiscaseisremandedtothetrialcourtforthecollectionofcostsassessedthere,pursuanttoapplicablelaw.Ӝ̛       __________________________       CharlesD.Susano,Jr.,J.CONCUR:_______________________̜HerschelP.Franks,J._______________________DonT.McMurray,J.