ÿWPCž §RÇjqh¹þd¸R1rº:+=䀰¯ð®^á§%oÎý«ÐÊŒµ‚™µo­cRî3ïa{æÖÖzûîÆæÄzEâõÝ Ô=}a†3º°#\¿ÿÄþÇÄl¹9{æTã…—áÊ ²vé>×,,ºùü·ð«ÒT¹z„·ØNûË„ãÃTÏŒïó‡fôVäÉmíýÀN™Á*Óg‹C ?-¨"ÿ^â¯0£©£_wÿ S Þ Ò1#ë~8JɄ٠Ԗ6¶0*&–@áfmFü♲ãY^…µÂ´\ÑaÚRÐÔ`d¨Üɸ[3„~_¨1HAeõ W)ˆ\mIßæþSÓÂ:œSù © ò­Æ5ËÄŠ•Ÿ¸R§»·º‰j†îŒÞíZÁ÷L^ÑEA¥zq`Nÿߨa¯¢\Níz[ý®á&kÏÕÔy3û7ˆ‰¼Í>& ;æÔÒ‰¤Ê(–#M3–߯ú.*jx Á` `€€@Eÿ` 8ttxP7Àu Á tß›ñôñINC.,à Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ð À Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)ÌÓ6€ü(‚X˜‘X€Ð‡Xè“X6Óà Ø àPlaintiff/Appellee,à  à)à  àAppeal€No.Ð à0 Ðà Ø àà  à)à  à01„A„01„9809„CH„00512Ð ð@ Ðv.à Ø àà  à)Ð  P Ðà Ø àà  à)à  àRutherford€ChanceryÐ  ` ÐRONALD€S.€OBENAUF€and€à  à)à  àNo.€97CV„107Ð  p ÐARDETH€OBENAUF,à  à)Ð 0 € Ðà Ø àà  à)Ìà Ø àDefendants/Appellants.à  à)à  àÐ P   Ðà Ø àà  à)ÌÌÌÔ#†XÖ>X¼¼¼A8#ÔÔ‡»ÔÓ  ÓCOURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ à ÐÌÌAPPEAL€FROM€THE€CHANCERY€COURT€FOR€ÌRUTHERFORD€COUNTYÌAT€MURFREESBORO,€TENNESSEEÌÌÌTHE€HONORABLE€ROBERT€E.€CORLEW,€III,€CHANCELLORÌÓ9°,X‚Xì“X€ü(‚X˜‘X9ÓÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓW.€MITCHELL€CONEÌDAVID€P.€CAASÌWilliams€&€Prochaska,€P.C.Ì401€Church€Street,€Suite€2600ÌNashville,€Tennessee€€37219ÌÔ#†XÖ>X»»ÔÌÌÌALIX€COULTER€CROSSÌHarwell€Howard€HyneÌ€€Gabbert€&€Manner,€P.C.Ì1800€First€American€CenterÌ315€Deaderick€StreetÌNashville,€Tennessee€€37238Ìà Ø àATTORNEY€FOR€DEFENDANT/APPELLANTÌÌÓ  ÓÌÌAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDÌÓ  ÓÌñêñÑ foÑÑ7€Ö>XXdìXXdì7ÑÑ€ ÑÑ  ÑÑ foÑÑ#€O@Xÿÿd#ÑÑ € ÑÑ  ÑñêñÌà @ àà @ì àWILLIAM€B.€CAIN,€JUDGEÐ à:0639 ÐÑ foÑÑ7€Ö>XXdìXXdì7ÑÑ€ ÑÑ  ÑñêñÑ foÑÑ7€öCXXdìdÈ7ÑÑ€ ÑÑ  ÑñêñÓÓÓ  ÓòòÔ#†XÖ>X¼¼¼A#ÔÔ‡°AY°XXÖ>ÔOPINIONóóÐ ° ÐÓ  ÓÔ#†XÖ>X°°AY¸ #ÔÓ€ÓÓ9°,X°4ì“X°,X‚Xì“X9ÓÔ€¼¼A¼XXÖ>Ôà  àThis€is€an€appeal€from€a€grant€of€summary€judgment€by€the€trial€courtÐ T¤ Ðdomesticating€a€Connecticut€judgment€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€sectionÏ26„6„101€et€seq.€against€both€œdefendants.ÌÌI.€€The€Connecticut€Actionà ¼ à›Ð ´  ÐÌà  àIn€September€1990,€Connecticut€Savings€Bank€brought€suit€in€theÏSuperior€Court€of€the€Judicial€District€of€New€Haven,€Connecticut€against€Ronald€ÏS.€Obenauf€and€Ardeth€H.€Obenauf€on€a€promissory€note€œin€the€amount€ofÏ$34,000,€executed€by€Ronald€S.€Obenauf€and€dated€March€27,€1990.€€PlaintiffÏalleged€that€it€was€the€current€holder€of€the€promissory€note€and€that€Ronald€S.ÏObenauf€had€failed€to€make€monthly€payments€in€accordance€therewith.€€The€bankÏdemanded€judgment€of€the€amount€of€the€promissory€note€together€with€interestÏand€costs.€€The€bank€further€sought€fees€and€expenses,€including€reasonableÏattorney€fees,€asserting€that€plaintiff€had€been€harmed€by€the€failure€of€theÏdefendant€to€make€payment€on€the€promissory€note.ÌÌà  àA€second€count€of€the€complaint€adopted€by€reference€the€allegations€ofÏcount€one€and€further€alleged€that€on€January€25,€1990,€Ronald€S.€Obenauf€hadÏtransferred€property€at€52€Maple€Avenue€West,€Haddam,€Connecticut,€to€theÏdefendant€Ardeth€H.€Obenauf€for€one€dollar.€€The€bank€alleged€that€theÏconveyance€was€fraudulent€and€was€without€substantial€consideration€andÏrendered€Ronald€S.€Obenauf€unable€to€pay€his€existing€debts.€€This€count€furtherÏasserted€that€defendant€Ardeth€H.€Obenauf€had€participated€in€this€fraudulentÏtransfer€and€that€plaintiff€had€been€damaged€by€the€fraudulent€conveyance.ÌÌà  àThe€complaint€then€prayed€for€relief€as€follows:ÌÓ?€ü(€ ä ¼è“X°,X°4ì“X?Ó€€€€€€€€€€€€€€"1.›à ä àDamagesÐ \3¬.8 Ðà  à2.à ä àThat€the€conveyance€from€Ronald€S.€Obenauf€to€Ardeth€H.Ð ô4D0: ÐObenauf€be€set€aside€and€declared€null€and€void€as€to€the€plaintiff.Ìà  à3.à ä àAttorney's€fees,€costs€and€expenses.Ð $8t3> Ðà  à4.à ä àSuch€other€relief€as€the€Court€deems€œappropriate."›Ð ¼9 5@ ЇœÌ›à  àOn€January€10,€1991,€Connecticut€attorney,€Brian€E.€Kaligian,€addressedÏa€letter€to€Ronald€Cohen,€Esquire,€attorney€for€Connecticut€Savings€Bank,€withÏcopies€thereof€to€Ronald€and€Ardeth€Obenauf.€€This€letter€read:ÌÓ€Óà8  àI€have€finally€been€able€to€reach€my€clients,€the€Obenauf'sÏwith€regard€to€your€suit€on€the€$40,000.00€Promissory€Note.€ÏIn€response€to€my€inquiries€regarding€this€matter,€my€clientsÏhave€provided€me€with€a€copy€of€the€$34,000.00€CommercialÏPromissory€Note€marked€"PAID"€by€the€Bank.€€I€enclose€thisÏcopy€for€your€review.€€I€expect€that€you€will€be€filing€aÏWithdrawal€of€this€action€and€I€will€look€forward€to€receivingÏa€copy€of€the€Withdrawal€at€your€convenience.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àIf€you€have€any€questions€or€comments€regarding€this€matter,Ïplease€do€not€hesitate€to€contact€me.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌÓ€ÓÌà  àOn€July€15,€1991,€Brian€E.€Kaligian€executed€an€appearance€documentÏto€make€him€attorney€of€record€for€the€defendants€Ronald€S.€Obenauf€and€ArdethÏH.€Obenauf.ÌÌà  àOn€August€6,€1991,€Ann€Hamilton€Maher€filed€a€"demand€for€disclosureÏof€defense"€pursuant€to€Connecticut€Practice€Book€paragraph€236€against€bothÏdefendants.€€Copies€of€these€pleadings€were€served€on€Brian€E.€Kaligian,€Esquire,Ïattorney€for€the€defendants.ÌÌà  àApparently€receiving€no€answer,€counsel€for€plaintiff€filed€a€motion€forÏdefault€judgment€pursuant€to€Connecticut€Practice€Book€section€236€for€the€failureÏof€the€defendants€to€disclose€a€defense€within€the€time€allowed€by€law.€€MotionÏfor€default€judgment€was€granted€on€October€18,€1991.ÌÌà  àJudgment€was€entered€against€both€defendants€on€December€18,€1991Ïin€the€amount€of€$41,175.75,€together€with€costs€in€the€amount€of€$629.50.€€NoÏpost€judgment€motions€were€filed€and€no€appeal€was€perfected€in€the€appellateÏcourts€of€Connecticut.ÌÌà  àSubsequently€the€Connecticut€Savings€Bank€went€into€FDICÏreceivership.Ð H9˜4> М‡II.€€The€Tennessee€DomesticationÌ›œñäñÌñäñ›à  àIn€September€1995,€FDIC€assigned€without€recourse€to€RemingtonÏInvestments,€Inc.€the€Connecticut€judgment€against€the€defendants€Obenauf.ÌÌà  àOn€January€28,€1997,€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€26„¼6„101€et€seq.,€Remington€Investments,€Inc.€filed€a€petition€to€domesticate€theÏConnecticut€judgment€against€both€Ronald€S.€Obenauf€and€Ardeth€H.€Obenauf.ÌÌà  àThis€petition,€in€proper€statutory€form,€was€met€by€a€motion€to€stayÏenforcement€and€to€vacate€the€Connecticut€judgment€filed€on€behalf€of€theÏdefendant€Ardeth€Obenauf.€€œÌÌà  àMrs.€Obenauf€claims€that€the€Connecticut€judgment€is€void€because:Ìà  à1.à ä àThe€Connecticut€court€did€not€have€personal€jurisdiction€over€her;Ð P Ðà  à2.à ä àThe€jurisdiction€of€the€Connecticut€court€over€her€was€limited€toÐ ˜è Ðthe€value€of€real€property€located€in€the€State€of€Connecticut;Ìà  à3.à ä àThat€the€only€remedy€available€to€the€bank€against€her€was€to€voidÐ È" Ðthe€alleged€fraudulent€transfer€of€property,€andÌà  à4.à ä àThat€the€judgment€against€her€was€void€for€lack€of€notice.Ð ø"H& ÐÌà  àRonald€Obenauf€filed€a€similar€motion€to€stay€enforcement€and€vacateÏthe€judgment€claiming€only€that€the€original€promissory€note€had€been€marked€byÏConnecticut€Savings€Bank€as€paid€in€full,€thus€extinguishing€his€liability€to€theÏbank.Ìà  àÌà  àThese€motions€by€the€defendants€were€filed€pursuant€to€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated€section€26„6„104(c)€and€Rules€61€and€62€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€ofÏCivil€Procedure.€€On€August€21,€1998,€the€trial€court€entered€its€summaryÏjudgment€against€both€defendants€based€on€a€Memorandum€of€Opinion€filedÏAugust€5,€1998.ÌÌà  àOnly€defendant€Ardeth€Obenauf€has€appealed€from€the€trial€courtÏjudgment.Ð H9˜4B ЇÌIII.€€Full€Faith€and€CreditÌñåñÌñåñà  àThe€single€issue€presented€on€appeal€by€Ardeth€Obenauf€is:€€"Did€theÏtrial€court€err€when€it€held€that€a€Connecticut€judgment€for€money€damagesÏagainst€Ardeth€Obenauf€was€valid€and€enforceable€in€Tennessee€even€though€theÏjudgment€awards€damages€that€were€not€available€under€the€only€claim€pleadedÏagainst€her?"ÌÌà  àCompliance€with€the€procedures€set€forth€in€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÏsection€26„6„101€et€seq.€is€not€disputed.€€Generally,€Tennessee€is€required€by€Art.ÏIV€ðð€1€of€the€Constitution€of€the€United€States€to€give€full€faith€and€credit€to€thisÏConnecticut€judgment.€€òòAbernathy€v.€Chambersóó,€482€S.W.2d€129€(Tenn.1972).Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àIt€is€further€settled:ÌÓ€Óà8  àà ä àForeign€judgments€are€ordinarily€entitled€to€full€faith€andÏcredit€in€Tennessee's€courts.€€However,€Tenn.Code€Ann.€ðð€26„¼6„104(c)€states€that€they€are€subject€to€the€same€defenses€andÏmay€be€vacated€or€reopened€on€the€same€grounds€andÏprocedures€used€to€vacate€or€reopen€Tennessee€judgments.€ÏThus,€the€grounds€and€procedures€for€vacating€or€reopeningÏforeign€judgments€are€those€contained€in€Tenn.R.Civ.P.€60.02.Ð  Ð  Ð  Ðà8  àà ä àTenn.R.Civ.P.€60.02(3)€states€that€a€final€judgment€mayÏbe€set€aside€if€it€is€void.€€Therefore,€not€surprisingly,€the€twoÏmost€common€circumstances€when€courts€will€refuse€to€giveÏfull€faith€and€credit€to€a€foreign€judgment€are€when€the€courtÏentering€the€foreign€judgment€had€no€personal€or€subjectÏmatter€jurisdiction,€òòTopham€v.€L.L.B.€Corp.óó,€493€S.W.2d€461,Ð X)¨$* Ð462€(Tenn.1973);€òòBenham€v.€Fisheróó,€650€S.W.2d€759,€760Ð h*¸%+ Ð(Tenn.Ct.App.1983),€and€when€enforcing€the€judgment€wouldÏbe€contrary€to€Tennessee's€public€policy.€€òòIn€re€Riggsóó,€612Ð ˆ,Ø'- ÐS.W.2d€461,€465€(Tenn.Ct.App.1980),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€450€U.S.Ð ˜-è(. Ð921,€101€S.Ct.€1370,€67€L.Ed.2d€349€(1981).Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌÓ€ÓòòBiogen€Distribs.,€Inc.€v.€Tanneróó,€842€S.W.2d€253,€256€(Tenn.1992).Ð È0,1 ÐÌà  àTennessee€and€Connecticut€follow€the€same€rule€that€such€a€foreignÏjudgment€is€presumed€valid€and€the€burden€rests€heavily€upon€the€party€assailingÏthe€judgment.€€òòDement€v.€Kittsóó,€777€S.W.2d€33,€36€(Tenn.App.1989);€òòBiogenÐ (7x29 ÐDistribs.,€Inc.€v.€Tanneróó,€842€S.W.2d€253,€256€(Tenn.App.1992);€òòPacker€Plastics,Ð À84; ÐInc.€v.€Laundonóó,€570€A.2d€687€(Conn.1990).Ð ° ÐÌñæñÌñæñ›à  àCounsel€representing€both€Ronald€and€Ardeth€Obenauf€made€a€generalÏappearance€for€them€in€the€Connecticut€trial€court.€€This€general€appearance€byÏcounsel€is€not€disputed€by€the€œAppellant.€€Tennessee›€and€Connecticut€follow€theÏsame€rule€that€a€general€appearance€represents€a€waiver€by€the€party€to€personalÏœjurisdiction,›€œvenue›€and€other€procedural€defects€unless€objection€is€made€in€aÏtimely€manner.€€òòDixie€Savings€Stores,€Inc.€v.€Turneróó,€œ767›€S.W.2d€408,€410Ð Ø(  Ð(Tenn.App.1988);€òòJohnson€v.€Zoning€Board€of€Appeals€of€Town€of€Branfordóó,€347Ð pÀ  МA.2d›€53€œ(Conn.1974);›€òòIn€re€Adrien€C.óó,€519€At.2d€1241€œ(Conn.App.Ct.1987).›Ð X ÐÌà  àThus,€the€record€in€Tennessee€clearly€shows€that€the€Superior€Court€ofÏthe€Judicial€District€of€New€Haven,€Connecticut€had€personal€jurisdiction€overÏboth€Ronald€and€Ardeth€Obenauf.€€Both€had€ample€opportunity€to€defend€the€suitÏin€Connecticut.€€Both€had€ample€opportunity€to€appeal€the€adverse€ConnecticutÏjudgment.€€Both€declined€to€do€so€and€the€time€for€appeal€expired€underÏConnecticut€law.€€The€main€complaint€by€Ardeth€Obenauf€on€this€appeal€is€thatÏthe€judgment€in€Connecticut€is€void€as€being€beyond€the€scope€of€the€ConnecticutÏpleadings.€€This€objection€was€never€raised€in€the€Connecticut€court€and€even€ifÏproperly€asserted€in€Connecticut€is€of€dubious€validity.€€The€ConnecticutÏcomplaint€seeks€"damages"€against€both€parties€without€limiting€such€relief€to€theÏfirst€count€of€the€complaint.€€The€Connecticut€complaint€has€a€prayer€for€generalÏrelief€applicable€to€both€counts€of€the€complaint,€not€just€the€first€count.€€TheÏscope€of€relief€allowable€under€such€prayers€is€a€matter€that€addresses€itself€to€theÏConnecticut€court€and€the€failure€of€Ardeth€Obenauf€to€litigate€this€issue€inÏConnecticut,€following€a€general€appearance€in€the€case,€is€clearly€a€waiver€of€theÏissue.€€She€is€in€much€the€same€position€as€were€the€defendants€in€òòCoastcom,€Inc.Ð  .p)4 Ðv.€Cruzenóó,€981€S.W.2d€179€(Tenn.App.1998),€which€is€controlling€in€this€appeal.€Ð ¸/+6 ÐIn€òòCoastcom,€Inc.óó,€judgments€were€entered€in€Florida€and€domesticated€in€theÐ P1 ,8 ÐChancery€Court€of€Williamson€County.€€In€sustaining€the€res€judicata€effect€of€theÏFlorida€judgments,€the€Court€of€Appeals€through€Judge€Farmer€held:ÌÓ€Óà8  àà ä àForeign€judgments€are€entitled€to€full€faith€and€credit.€ÏU.S.€Const.€art.€IV,€ðð€1.€€Once€a€foreign€judgment€has€beenÏenrolled,€it€has€the€same€effect€and€is€subject€to€the€sameÏprocedures,€defenses,€and€proceedings€for€reopening,Ð H9˜4A Ðvacating,€or€staying€as€a€judgment€of€a€court€of€record€inÏTennessee€and€may€be€enforced€or€satisfied€in€a€like€manner.€ÏT.C.A.€ðð€26„6„104(c).€€Therefore,€the€grounds€and€proceduresÏfor€vacating€or€reopening€foreign€judgments€are€thoseÏcontained€in€Rule€60.02€T.R.C.P.€òòBiogen€Distribs.,€Inc.€v.Ð ð@ ÐTanneróó,€842€S.W.2d€253,€256€(Tenn.App.1992).€€PartiesÐ  P Ðseeking€to€undermine€the€validity€of€a€foreign€judgment€mustÏmeet€a€"stern€and€heavy"€burden€to€demonstrate€that€theÏforeign€judgment€should€not€be€enforced€in€Tennessee.€ÏòòDement€v.€Kittsóó,€777€S.W.2d€33,€36€(Tenn.App.1989).€€TheÐ @  Ðfactual€issues€underlying€the€foreign€judgment€may€not€be€theÏbasis€of€an€inquiry€to€deny€the€foreign€judgment€full€faith€andÏcredit.€€òòBenham€v.€Fisheróó,€650€S.W.2d€759€(Tenn.App.1983).€Ð pÀ  ÐWe€are€of€the€opinion€that€each€of€the€arguments€submitted€onÏappeal€either€was€or€could€have€properly€been€presented€as€aÏdefense€to€the€actions€in€the€Florida€court.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌÓ€ÓòòCoastcom,€Inc.€v.€Cruzenóó,€981€S.W.2d€179,€œ181›€(Tenn.App.1998).Ð À ÐÌà  àœPost›€judgment€facts€submitted€to€this€court€after€oral€argument€œestablish›Ïthat€a€motion€addressed€to€the€Connecticut€trial€court€in€the€underlying€action€hasÏbeen€denied€by€that€court€on€the€basis€that€òòCrepeau€v.€Gronageróó,€675€œA.2d›€1361Ð  p Ð(Conn.App.1996)€established€a€change€in€Connecticut€law€after€the€1990Ïjudgment€in€the€underlying€Connecticut€case€rather€than€reiterating€previouslyÏexisting€common€law€in€Connecticut.€€Even€if€this€basis€for€denying€relief€by€theÏConnecticut€court€is€in€error€it€is€entitled€to€full€faith€and€credit€in€Tennessee.€ÏòòFour€Seasons€Gardening€&€Landscaping€v.€Crouchóó,€688€S.W.2d€439,€445Ð %h # Ð(Tenn.App.1984).ÌÌà  àSummary€judgment€in€this€case€was€appropriate.€€òòBiogen€Distribs.,€Inc.Ð à)0%) Ðv.€Tanneróó,€842€S.W.2d€253€(Tenn.App.1992);€òòCoastcom,€Inc.€v.€Cruzenóó,€981Ð x+È&+ ÐS.W.2d€179€(Tenn.App.1998).ÌÌà  àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed€and€the€case€is€remanded€toÏthe€trial€court€for€execution€on€the€judgment.ÌÌà  àCosts€in€this€cause€are€assessed€against€Ardeth€Obenauf.ÌÌœñèñÌñçñ›ñçññèññçñÓ€ÓñçññèñÌñèñ›œñçñÓ€Ó›ñçñÓB€ü(€ ä è“X€ü(€ ä ¼è“XBÓà  àà ä àñæñ›ñæñà  àñæñ›ñæñ________________________________________Ìà  àà ä àà  àWILLIAM€B.€CAIN,€JUDGEÐ H9˜4< ЇÌñéñÌÌñéñCONCUR:ñàññßñlñßññàññáñÌÌÌ__________________________________ÌBEN€H.€CANTñáññâññáñAñáññâññáñRELLñáññæñ›ñæññãñ,€P.J.,€M.S.ÌÌÌ__________________________________ÌPATRICIA€J.€COTTRELL,€JUDGEñãñ›à è à