ÿWPC²/ …# VUNa %¯ 0 Nµ 0 Í bÐ w@Ø 4 , ; †C 0DÉ  m 0J& 0Tp 0^Ä 0h" 0rŠ 0|ü 0†x 0þ 1uŽ B 0d  D3„ 0@·U%>÷B)5DC^ AM¡U*î0}H&ÅÙëÞÄ¢T? Í“!å`#wE%v~¼&vÓ:( AO .Æ\. 0D"/ D/f/ B•/˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 'í€"  Z 6Times New Roman Regular¼(&öy$¡¡Ó  ÓÙñÓ Ù(}(2c$¤¤Ý ƒöy!ÝÓ  ÓÙñÓ ÙÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€X%vX¼¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù- Y aZ U[ \ D] ^ E_ ` a Ó€k DÒ (&3|xk Sanders v. Sanders - opinion Í )# ' IB011C20IB011C2 .   (#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô !" ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a) dP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ$$$$'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d////7Border 1dd€-0Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial &Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€.ÔÔ€.¼ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ€2ÔÔ€2ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€2XÔÌÌJanuary€17,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó sÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€.ÔÔ€.¼ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€.XÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThis€court€has€direct€appellate€jurisdiction€over€decisions€of€Division€II€of€the€SumnerÏCounty€General€Sessions€Court€in€domestic€relations€cases€because€it€›has€concurrentÏjurisdiction€in€these€matters€with€the€circuit€and€chancery€courts.€€Act€of€Feb.€25,€1982,€ch.Ï236,€ðððð€3€&€9,€1982€Tenn.€Priv.€Acts€89,€90„91.€€We€also€have€subject€matter€jurisdictionÏover€all€decisions€in€contempt€proceedings€arising€out€of€civil€matters.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€16„4„108(b)€(1994).€€Since€the€wife€elected€not€to€file€a€brief€in€this€court,€we€are€considering€thisÏcase€based€on€the€record€and€the€appellantððs€brief€in€accordance€with€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€29(c).œÌ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€.ÔÔ€.¼ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€.XÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝOn€July€30,€1993,€this€court€vacated€the€portion€of€the€trial€courtððs€order€increasingÏMr.€Sandersððs€child€support€to€$4,537€per€month€and€remanded€the€case€for€furtherÏconsideration€in€light€of€òòNash€v.€¢Mulle£,óó€846€¢S.W.2d£€803€(Tenn.€1993).€€òòSeeóó€òòSanders€v.ÏSanders,óó€App.€No.€¢01A01£„9209„GS„00368,€1993€WL€286013,€at€*1„2€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€JulyÏ30,€1993).€€In€December€1993,€the€trial€court€ordered€Mr.€Sanders€to€pay€$2,000€in€monthlyÏchild€support€and€to€pay€an€additional€$800€per€month€into€a€college€education€trust€fund€forÏthe€two€children.€€Ì ÏÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€.ÔÔ€.¼ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€.XÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€dispute€concerning€the€execution€on€Ms.€Sandersððs€automobile€precipitatedÏadditional€judicial€proceedings€involving€these€two€parties.€€òòSanders€v.€Sanders,óó€¢01A01£„9601„CV„00006,€1996€WL€426770€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€July€31,€1996).€€Ì ÔÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€.ÔÔ€.¼ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€.XÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThis€amount€represented€the€total€amount€of€Mr.€Sandersððs€possible€monthly€childÏsupport€obligation.€€He€was€not€required€to€pay€monthly€child€support€after€June€1995€becauseÏby€that€time€both€his€children€would€be€over€eighteen€years€of€age.Ì “Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€.ÔÔ€.¼ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€.XÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝSimilarly,€the€purpose€of€the€order€could€not€have€been€to€induce€Mr.€Sanders€to€payÏthe€balance€of€the€child€support€arrearage€because€he€had€already€done€so€several€days€earlier.Ì JÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€.ÔÔ€.¼ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€.XÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„303(d)(3)€(Supp.€1996);€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€41„9„101€„103€(1990).Ì ÃÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€.ÔÔ€.¼ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€.XÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòRobinson€v.€Air€¢Draulics£€¢Engððg£€Co.,óó€214€Tenn.€at€37,€377€¢S.W.2d£€at€912;€òò¢Thigpen£Ïv.€¢Thigpen£,óó€874€¢S.W.2d£€51,€53€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1993);€òòStorey€v.€Storey,óó€835€¢S.W.2d£€593,Ï599€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1992).Ì ÛÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€.ÔÔ€.¼ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€.XÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòStream€v.€Stream,óó€App.€No.€¢01A01£„9201„CV„00011,€1992€WL€184771,€at€*3€(partyÏfacing€criminal€contempt€sanctions€could€refuse€to€answer€questions€tending€to€incriminateÏher);€òò¢Kornik£€v.€¢Kornik£,óó€3€Tenn.€Civ.€App.€(Higgins)€41,€44€(1913).Ì mÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€.ÔÔ€.¼ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€.XÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòGunn€v.€Southern€Bell€Tel.€&€Tel.€Co.,óó€201€Tenn.€38,€42,€296€¢S.W.2d£€843,€845Ï(1957);€òò¢Thigpen£€v.€¢Thigpen£,óó€874€¢S.W.2d£€at€53.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€.ÔÔ€.¼ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÑ Ü ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€F¼¼ddÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ñ›Þ ÞÌÌà@ àÔ€.„Ôò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àMIDDLE€SECTION€AT€NASHVILLEÌÌÔ€.¼ÔÌÌÌÌó óMARY€MILBOURN€SANDERS,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àPlaintiff/Appellee,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àSumner€General€SessionsÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€94„GÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àAppeal€No.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à01A01„9601„GS„00021̜ـ€ÙßR€130A1-j|£­` ç `€€@ÿRß›STEVE€HERBERT€SANDERS€andà à)ÌJANET€RIGGINS€SANDERS,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àDefendants/Appellants.à àà à)ÌÌÌÌà@ àAPPEAL€FROM€THE€GENERAL€SESSIONS€COURTÌà@ à€FOR€SUMNER€COUNTYÌà@ àAT€GALLATIN,€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àTHE€HONORABLE€BARRY€R.€BROWN,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Plaintiff/Appelleeóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€theÏDefendants/Appellantsóó:ÌÌœNo€Appearance›à àà àà àà àà àà àWhitney€KemperÌœà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àKEMPER›€&€McLEMOREÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TennesseeÌÌÌÌÌÌà@ àÔ€.„Ôò òVACATED€AND€REMANDEDó óÌÌÔ€.¼ÔÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,ÏJUDGEӀӜԀ.„ÔÇÌ›à@ àò òòòO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óÌÔ€.¼ÔÌà àThis€appeal€involves€a€contempt€proceeding€for€failure€to€pay€childÏsupport€in€a€timely€manner.€€Following€the€fatherððs€failure€to€meet€a€court„imposed€deadline€for€paying€his€child€support€arrearage,€the€Sumner€CountyÏGeneral€Sessions€Court€summarily€found€him€in€contempt€and€sentenced€himÏto€forty„eight€hours€in€jail€and€eighty€hours€of€community€service€work.€€TheÏfather€has€appealed.œ× ƒ4 ××  ×›€€We€have€determined€that€the€proceeding€was€one€forÏcriminal€contempt€and,€therefore,€that€the€judgment€of€contempt€must€beÏvacated€because€of€the€trial€courtððs€failure€to€comply€with€the€requirements€ofÏTenn.€R.€¢Crim£.€App.€42(b).ÌÌà@ àò òI.Ìó óÌà àSteve€H.€Sanders€and€Mary€¢Milbourn£€Sanders€were€divorced€in€JuneÏ1983.€€Ms.€Sanders€received€custody€of€their€two€children,€and€Mr.€SandersÏwas€ordered€to€pay€$116€per€week€in€child€support.€€The€parties€have€hadÏfrequent€judicial€skirmishes€over€their€respective€support€obligations€everÏsince.€€In€1988,€the€trial€court€increased€Mr.€œSandersððs€child€supportÏobligation€to€$225€per€week€and€approved€his€agreement€to€pay€even€moreÍsupport€voluntarily.€€The€voluntary€child€support€payments€ceased€when€Mr.ÏSanders€remarried€in€1989.ÌÌà àSeveral€years€later€Ms.€Sanders€again€requested€an€increase€in€childÏsupport.€€The€trial€court€increased€the€amount€of€Mr.€Sandersððs€child€supportÏto€$4,537€a€month.€€Mr.€Sanders€appealed€this€decision,€and€while€the€appealÏwas€pending,¢× ƒ5 ××  ×£€Ms.€Sanders€filed€a€contempt€petition€alleging€that€Mr.€SandersÏhad€violated€the€1983€divorce€decree€by€not€paying€his€child€support€on€time,Ïby€failing€to€provide€health€insurance€for€the€children€or€to€pay€their€medicalÏexpenses,€and€by€participating€in€a€wrongful€execution€on€her€automobile.¢× ƒ6 ××  ×£€ÏThe€trial€court€dismissed€Ms.€Sandersððs€contempt€petition€in€August€1994Ïbecause€Ms.€Sanders€had€obstructed€pre„trial€discovery€regarding€herÏcontempt€petition.ÌÌà àOn€April€11,€1995,€the€trial€court€entered€an€order€purporting€toÏresolve€all€pending€post„divorce€disputes.€€The€order€stated€that€Mr.€SandersÏowed€$32,830€in€child€support€for€the€period€from€February€1992€to€JuneÍ1995× ƒ7 ××  ×€and€directed€Mr.€Sanders€to€pay€this€amount€by€ð ð[¢n]o£€later€thanÏSeptember€15,€1995,€at€1:00€p.m..ðð€€It€also€provided€that€ð ð[¢i]f£€the€$32,830.00Ïis€not€paid€in€full€by€this€date€and€time,€an€immediate€attachment€order€will€beÏissued€by€this€Court€against€Steve€Sanders€who€will€immediately€begin€servingÏten€(10)€days€in€jail€for€contempt€of€this€Order.ððÌÌà àMr.€Sanders€paid€the€balance€of€the€required€amount€on€September€15,Ï1995€but€missed€the€1:00€p.m.€deadline€by€several€hours.€€Accordingly,€theÏtrial€court,€apparently€on€its€own€initiative€and€without€notice€to€Mr.€Sanders,Ïissued€an€order€on€September€15,€1995,€directing€that€Mr.€Sanders€be€arrestedÏand€incarcerated€for€ten€days€in€the€Sumner€County€jail.€€Mr.€SandersÏimmediately€moved€to€quash€and€to€stay€the€order.€€During€a€hearing€onÏSeptember€19,€1995,€Mr.€Sanders€explained€that€he€had€been€unable€to€makeÏthe€€required€payments€until€he€received€his€paycheck€and€that€he€did€notÏreceive€his€paycheck€until€mid„afternoon€on€September€15,€1995.€€Based€onÏthis€proof,€the€trial€court€quashed€its€original€order€and€entered€a€new€orderÏrequiring€Mr.€Sanders€ð ðto€serve€forty„eight€hours€in€the€county€jail€and€toÏperform€eighty€hours€of€community€service€over€a€five€month€period€forÏcontempt.ðð€€Mr.€Sanders€has€appealed€from€this€judgment.ÌÌà@ àò òII.ó óÌÌà àThere€are€significant€substantive€and€procedural€differences€betweenÏcivil€and€criminal€contempt€proceedings.€€Accordingly,€an€appellate€courtððsÍinitial€inquiry€in€contempt€cases€must€be€to€determine€whether€the€contemptÏwas€criminal€or€civil.€€The€scope€of€our€review€depends€on€the€actual€natureÏof€the€proceeding,€not€on€what€the€parties€or€the€trial€court€might€have€labeledÏit.€€òò¢Sherrod£€v.€¢Wix£,óó€849€¢S.W.2d£€780,€786„87€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1992)€(actionÏtreated€as€a€criminal€contempt€proceeding€even€though€the€trial€courtÏcharacterized€it€as€a€civil€contempt€proceeding).ÌÌà àThe€fundamental€distinctions€between€civil€and€criminal€contemptÏsanctions€are€well€understood.€€Judge€¢Tatum£€has€pointed€out€that€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àà à[¢t]he£€punishment€in€a€civil€contempt€isÏremedial,€compelling€the€doing€of€something€by€theÏ¢contemnor£,€which,€when€done,€will€work€hisÏdischarge.€€Civil€contempt€judgments€coerce€theÏ¢contemnor£€into€complying€with€an€order€of€theÏcourt.€€It€is€often€said€that€in€civil€contempt€cases,€theÏ¢contemnor£€has€the€keys€to€the€jail€in€his€own€pocket.€Ï(citation€omitted)ÌÌà8 àà8 àà àOn€the€other€hand,€criminal€¢contempts£€areÏpunitive€in€character.€€These€proceedings€are€toÏvindicate€the€authority€of€the€law€and€the€court€as€anÏorgan€of€society.€€In€criminal€contempt€cases,€theÏ¢contemnor£€must€serve€the€sentence€imposed€whetherÏor€not€he€purges€himself€by€complying€with€the€courtÏorder.€€One€convicted€of€criminal€contempt€does€notÏcarry€the€key€to€the€jail€in€his€pocket.€€(citationÏomitted)ÌÌÓ€ÓòòRobinson€v.€Gaines,óó€725€¢S.W.2d£€692,€694€(Tenn.€¢Crim£.€App.€1986).€€StatedÏanother€way,€criminal€contempt€sanctions€are€intended€to€restore€the€dignityÏand€authority€of€the€court,€while€civil€contempt€sanctions€are€intended€toÏbenefit€a€litigant.€€òòState€ex€rel.€Agee€v.€Chapman,óó€922€¢S.W.2d£€516,€519€(Tenn.ÏCt.€App.€1995).€ÌÌà àCriminal€contempt€sanctions€serve€as€punishment€for€failing€to€complyÏwith€a€courtððs€order.€€òò¢Thigpen£€v.€¢Thigpen£,óó€874€¢S.W.2d£€51,€53€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.Ï1993);€òòStorey€v.€Storey,óó€835€¢S.W.2d£€593,€599€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1992).€€TheyÏnormally€require€confinement€for€a€definite€term.€€òòBlack€v.€Black,óó€50€Tenn.ÏApp.€455,€457„58,€362€¢S.W.2d£€472,€474€(1962).€€Civil€contempt€sanctions,€onÏthe€other€hand,€are€coercive,€not€punitive,€and€thus€are€not€for€a€definite€term.€ÏWhile€the€courts€may€impose€criminal€contempt€sanctions€on€their€ownÏinitiative,€they€may€not€impose€civil€contempt€sanctions€unless€a€party€hasÏrequested€them.€€òòState€ex€rel.€Agee€v.€Chapman,óó€922€¢S.W.2d£€at€519.ÌÌà àThe€sanctions€in€this€case€bear€all€the€earmarks€of€criminal€contemptÏsanctions.€€They€were€imposed€solely€to€punish€Mr.€Sanders€for€failing€to€payÏoff€his€child€support€obligation€by€the€deadline€in€the€April€11,€1995€order.€ÏThey€could€not€have€been€intended€to€coerce€him€into€complying€with€theÏpayment€deadline€in€the€April€11,€1995€order€because€that€deadline€hadÏalready€passed.× ƒ8 ××  ×€€The€incarceration€was€for€a€definite€term€and€requiredÏcommunity€service€work€which€is€normally€a€condition€of€criminalÏprobation.× ƒ9 ××  ×€€In€addition,€they€were€imposed€by€the€trial€court€on€its€ownÏmotion€without€a€request€by€Ms.€Sanders.€€Thus,€despite€Mr.€SandersððsÏcharacterization€of€the€proceeding€as€a€civil€contempt€proceeding,€we€find€thatÏit€was€a€criminal€contempt€proceeding.ÌÌà@ àò òIII.ó óÌÌà àAppellate€courts€review€a€trial€courtððs€decision€to€impose€contemptÏsanctions€€using€the€more€relaxed€ð ðabuse€of€discretionðð€standard€of€review.€ÏòòHawk€v.€Hawk,óó€855€¢S.W.2d£€573,€583€(Tenn.€1993).€€Notwithstanding€theÏdiscretionary€nature€of€the€decision€to€impose€criminal€sanctions,€courts€mustÏabide€strictly€by€the€ð ðabsolute€provisions€of€the€law.ðð€€òòRobinson€v.€AirÏ¢Draulics£€¢Engððg£€Co.,óó214€Tenn.€30,€37,€377€¢S.W.2d£€908,€912€(1964).€€TheÏprocedural€regulation€of€judicial€power€of€this€magnitude€is€necessary€toÏensure€that€its€exercise€conforms€to€the€rule€of€law€and€to€the€requirements€ofÏprocedural€fairness.€€Phillip€A.€¢Hostak£,€Note,€òòInternational€Union,€UnitedÏMine€Workers€v.€¢Bagwell£:€A€Paradigm€Shift€in€the€Distinction€¢Between£€CivilÏand€Criminal€Contempt,óó€81€Cornell€L.€Rev.€181,€222€(1995).€€Accordingly,€asÏJustice€White€has€pointed€out:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àà àWe€cannot€say€that€the€need€to€further€respectÏfor€judges€and€courts€is€entitled€to€moreÏconsideration€than€the€interest€of€the€individual€not€toÏbe€subjected€to€serious€criminal€punishment€withoutÏthe€benefit€of€all€the€procedural€protections€workedÏout€carefully€over€the€years€and€deemed€fundamentalÏto€our€system€of€justice.€€Genuine€respect,€whichÏalone€can€lend€true€dignity€to€our€judicialÏestablishment,€will€be€engendered,€not€by€the€fear€ofÏunlimited€authority,€but€by€the€firm€administrationÏof€the€law€through€those€institutionalized€proceduresÏwhich€have€been€worked€out€over€the€centuries.ÌÌÓ€ÓòòBloom€v.€Illinoisóó,€391€U.S.€194,€208,€88€S.€Ct.€at€1477,€1486€(1968).ÌÌà àThe€legal€principles€surrounding€the€imposition€of€criminal€contemptÏsanctions€are€familiar€and€easily€understood.€€Courts€may€summarily€imposeÍcriminal€contempt€sanctions€for€acts€committed€in€their€presence.€€òòState€v.Ï¢Maddux£,óó€571€¢S.W.2d£€819,€821€(Tenn.€1978);€Tenn.€R.€¢Crim£.€P.€42(a);€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€29„9„102(1)€(1980).€€This€power,€however,€should€be€usedÏsparingly€and€should€be€reserved€for€exceptional€circumstances€where€there€isÏa€need€to€act€swiftly€and€firmly€to€prevent€contumacious€conduct€fromÏdisrupting€a€judicial€proceeding.€€òòState€v.€Turner,óó€914€¢S.W.2d£€951,€956Ï(Tenn.€¢Crim£.€App.€1995).ÌÌà àCourts€imposing€criminal€contempt€sanctions€for€acts€not€committed€inÏtheir€presence€must€comply€with€more€stringent€procedural€standards€thanÏthose€required€when€imposing€civil€sanctions€for€similar€conduct.€€SanctionsÏfor€criminal€contempt€may€only€be€imposed€after€the€person€who€committedÏthe€alleged€contemptuous€acts€has€been€given€notice€that€he€or€she€facesÏsanctions€for€¢criminal£€contempt€and€has€been€given€an€opportunity€to€presentÏevidence€of€his€or€her€innocence€or€some€other€available€defense.€€òòCooke€v.ÏUnited€States,óó€267€U.S.€517,€537,€45€S.€Ct.€390,€395€(1925);€òòState€v.€¢Maddux£,óóÏ571€¢S.W.2d£€at€821;€òòBradshaw€v.€Bradshaw,€óó23€Tenn.€App.€359,€362,€133Ï¢S.W.2d£€617,€619€(1939);€Tenn.€R.€¢Crim£.€P.€42(b).€€Persons€accused€ofÏcommitting€indirect€criminal€contempt€also€enjoy€the€presumption€ofÍinnocence,¢× ƒ: ××  ×£€the€privilege€against€self„incrimination,¢× ƒ; ××  ×£€and€the€requirement€thatÏtheir€guilt€be€proven€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.¢× ƒ< ××  ×£€€ÌÌà àMr.€Sandersððs€failure€to€meet€the€deadline€in€the€April€11,€1995€orderÏwas€not€committed€in€the€courtððs€presence€and€therefore€could€not€form€theÏbasis€for€a€summary€contempt€proceeding€notwithstanding€the€self„executingÏlanguage€of€the€April€11,€1995€order.€€Thus,€the€trial€courtððs€issuance€of€an€exÏparte€attachment€order€on€September€15,€1995€was€improper€and€an€abuse€ofÏdiscretion.€€The€trial€courtððs€issuance€of€modified€criminal€contempt€sanctionsÏon€September€20,€1995€following€a€hearing€was€also€an€abuse€of€discretionÏbecause€Mr.€Sanders€was€not€provided€with€any€of€the€procedural€safeguardsÏto€which€a€person€facing€sanctions€for€criminal€contempt€is€entitled.€ÏAccordingly,€the€imposition€of€criminal€contempt€sanctions€against€Mr.ÏSanders€must€be€vacated.€€ÌÌà@ àò òIV.ó óÌÌà àThe€order€sentencing€Mr.€Sanders€to€serve€two€days€in€the€SumnerÏCounty€jail€and€to€perform€eighty€hours€of€community€service€work€isÏvacated,€and€the€case€is€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€further€proceedingsÍconsistent€with€this€opinion€and€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€42.€€The€costs€of€this€appealÏare€taxed€against€Steve€H.€Sanders€and€his€surety€for€which€execution,€ifÏnecessary,€may€issue.ÌÓÓÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à____________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,ÏJUDGEÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ________________________________ÌHENRY€F.€TODD,€P.J.,€M.S.€ÌÌÌ________________________________ÌBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGE€