ÿWPC  …# VU:a %› 0(¡w@É4  b , B8 0Jz 0TÄ 0^ 0hv 0rÞ 0|P 0†Ì 0R 1uâ 0dW U*» B)å DC AMQüžv~švÓ Bë D3 0@; AO{ÆÊ 0D D/Ô B˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 ,†r‰AZ‹"Arial RegularX($¡¡ +U,U-U.U/0D1D23Ó€=DÒ ù pD””p3|x=- ù -C:\WPWIN60\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d7Border 1dd€-Cþÿ << Gÿÿ òÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌDecember€11,€1996ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  inion Geneva ÒÒ  inion Geneva Ò d%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÑ  ÑÒ € ÒÒ ° ÒÒ € ÒÒ „ ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€G—XXdædÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÞ ÞÌELWIN€N.€SOUTH,€SR.,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àPetitioner/Appellant,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àAppeal€No.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à01„A„01„9609„CH„00393ÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àDavidson€ChanceryÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€95„1891„IIÌÙ€€ÙÙ€€ÙßR€ !A1-j|^v` ç `€€@ÿRßTENNESSEE€BOARD€OF€PAROLES,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àRespondent/Appellee.à àà à)ÌÌÌÌà@ àCOURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àMIDDLE€SECTION€AT€NASHVILLEÌÌÌÌAPPEALED€FROM€THE€CHANCERY€COURT€OF€DAVIDSON€COUNTYÌAT€NASHVILLE,€TENNESSEEÌÌTHE€HONORABLE€ELLEN€HOBBS€LYLE,€CHANCELLORÌÌÌÌÌELWIN€N.€SOUTH,€SR.ÌLake€County€Regional€Correctional€FacilityÌRoute€1,€Box€330ÌTiptonville,€Tennessee€38079Ìà àPro€Se/Petitioner/AppellantÌÌCHARLES€W.€BURSONÌAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌÌPATRICIA€C.€KUSSMANNÌAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌ404€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌSuite€2000ÌNashville,€Tennessee€37243ÌÌÌÌÌÌà@ àAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌTODD,€P.J.,€M.S.ÌKOCH,€J.ÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà@ àò òòòÔ€„ÔO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óóóÔ€XÔÌÌà àà àThe€Tennessee€Board€of€Paroles€declined€to€grant€parole€to€aÏprisoner€in€the€custody€of€the€Department€of€Correction.€€He€petitioned€theÏChancery€Court€for€a€Writ€of€Certiorari.€€The€court€dismissed€his€petition.€€WeÏaffirm.ÌÌà@ àò òI.Ìó óà àà àElwin€Nathaniel€South€Jr.€was€convicted€on€August€12,€1993€ofÏaggravated€sexual€battery€after€pleading€guilty€to€the€charge.€€The€offense€aroseÏfrom€Mr.€Southððs€sexual€contact€with€his€three€granddaughters,€all€of€whom€wereÏbelow€the€age€of€thirteen.€€He€was€sentenced€to€eight€years€in€prison,€with€paroleÍeligibility€after€he€had€served€30%€of€his€sentence.€€A€parole€hearing€was€heldÏbefore€two€board€members€on€May€18,€1995,€and€their€recommendation€that€Mr.ÏSouth€be€declined€for€parole€was€adopted€by€a€third€board€member€the€followingÏday.€€The€reasons€cited€for€decline€were€the€seriousness€of€the€offense,€the€highÏrisk€of€re„offending,€and€the€need€to€complete€a€sex€offender€program.€ÌÌà àà àIn€his€petition€for€certiorari,€filed€on€June€19,€1995,€Mr.€SouthÏchallenged€the€adequacy€and€accuracy€of€all€three€reasons€as€grounds€for€denialÏof€parole,€stating€in€one€part€of€the€petition€that€in€reaching€their€decision€theÏBoard,€acted€ð ðillegally,€arbitrarily,€and€fraudulently.ðð€€The€trial€court€dismissed€theÏpetition,€holding€that€despite€the€claims€on€the€face€of€the€petition,€the€petitionerÏwas€essentially€challenging€the€intrinsic€correctness€of€the€Boardððs€decision,€andÏthus€asking€the€court€to€go€beyond€the€limited€mandate€of€the€writ.€€This€appealÏfollowed.ÌÌà@ àò òIIó ó.Ìà àà àThe€powers€and€duties€of€the€Board€of€Paroles€are€to€be€found€inÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„28„101€et€seq.€€That€chapter€contains€the€followingÏlanguage:€ð ðThe€action€of€the€board€in€releasing€prisoners€shall€be€deemed€aÏjudicial€function,€and€shall€not€be€reviewable€if€done€according€to€law.ðð€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„28„115(c).€The€independence€of€the€Parole€Board€receives€stillÏfurther€emphasis€from€the€Administrative€Procedures€Act.€€That€Act€defines€theÍappropriate€channels€whereby€an€aggrieved€party€may€obtain€judicial€review€ofÏthe€actions€of€administrative€agencies,€but€specifically€excludes€the€Board€ofÏParoles€from€its€provisions.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€4„5„106(c).ÌÌà àà àAlthough€the€legislature€has€thus€protected€the€decisions€of€theÏParole€Board€from€judicial€review,€the€Boardððs€activities€are€not€thereby€totallyÏshielded€from€oversight€by€the€courts.€€Its€conduct€may€still€be€scrutinized€under€aÏWrit€of€Certiorari€to€determine€if€it€has€exceeded€its€jurisdiction,€or€has€actedÏillegally,€fraudulently€or€arbitrarily€in€discharging€its€functions.€€See€òòPowell€v.ÏParole€Eligibility€Review€Board,óó€879€S.W.2d€871€(Tenn.€App.€1994).ÌÌà@ àò òIIIó ó.Ìà àà àMr.€South€has€not€actually€alleged€that€the€Board€perpetrated€aÏfraud€in€declining€him€parole,€so€the€arguments€he€presents€are€more€usefullyÏexamined€under€the€headings€of€arbitrariness€and€illegality.€€One€useful€criterionÏfor€determining€whether€a€decision€can€be€considered€to€be€arbitrary€is€whetherÏor€not€it€has€a€rational€basis.€òò€Mobilecomm€v.€Public€Service€Commissionóó,€876ÏS.W.2d€101€(Tenn.€App.€1993).€€Perhaps€another€might€be€whether€it€is€supportedÏby€any€substantial€and€material€evidence€in€the€record.ÌÌà@ àò òThe€Finding€of€High€Riskó óÌà àà àMr.€South€points€out€that€he€is€seventy„two€years€old€and€inÏdeclining€health,€and€that€he€has€voluntarily€sought€treatment€for€his€sexual€urges.€ÏHe€also€states€that€the€trial€courtððs€order€(and€the€appelleeððs€brief)€misstated€hisÏrecord€by€saying€that€ð ð[h]e€had€served€prior€sentences€for€similar€[illegal€sexual]Ïconduct€in€the€1960s.ðð€€He€thus€argues€that€the€parole€boardððs€decision€ignoredÏimportant€facts,€and€that€the€chancery€courtððs€action€was€based€on€highlyÏinflammatory,€but€untrue€allegations.€ÌÌà àà àThe€pre„sentencing€recommendation€found€in€the€record€actuallyÏrecites€that€Mr.€Smith€had€no€criminal€history€in€Shelby€County,€but€that€he€hadÏstated€at€interview€that€he€received€eighteen€months€treatment€at€a€CaliforniaÏstate€hospital€and€five€years€probation€after€being€charged€with€child€molesting€inÏ1956,€and€that€he€had€been€found€not€to€be€guilty€of€another€charge€of€childÏmolesting€in€1964.€€ÌÌà àà àWhile€we€think€the€appellee€should€be€extremely€careful€not€toÏmislead€the€trial€court€by€allowing€any€factual€inaccuracies€to€creep€into€itsÏargument,€we€find€no€indication€that€the€parole€board€failed€to€consider€theÏappellantððs€age€and€condition,€or€that€its€members€misapprehended€the€facts€inÏhis€pre„sentencing€recommendation€or€in€other€parts€of€his€record.ÌÌà àà àCertainly€Mr.€Southððs€age€and€physical€condition€do€not€precludeÏthe€possibility€of€further€offenses€against€victims€so€young€and€vulnerable.€€AndÏwhile€his€regret€for€his€past€acts€and€his€voluntary€recognition€of€the€need€forÏtherapy€are€factors€of€positive€value,€they€are€no€guarantee€that€he€will€not€re„offend.€€Although€we€cannot€say€with€certainty€that€Mr.€South€is€at€high€risk€for€re„offending,€neither€can€we€say€that€the€Parole€Board€had€no€rational€basis€forÏdetermining€that€he€was.€€ÌÌà@ àò òSeriousness€of€the€Offenseó ó€€€à àÌà àà àMr.€Southððs€objection€to€the€use€of€the€seriousness€of€his€offense€asÏa€reason€for€declining€him€parole€is€based€on€the€idea€that€it€is€illegal€to€make€useÏof€the€same€considerations€for€parole€determination€as€had€previously€been€usedÏfor€sentencing.€€He€notes€that€he€has€already€been€subjected€once€to€a€processÏwhereby€mitigating€and€aggravating€factors€were€weighed€by€the€trial€court€beforeÏit€passed€sentence,€and€argues€that€it€is€unfair€to€use€those€same€factors€to€punishÏhim€again.€As€he€states,€the€federal€courts€have€used€the€same€reasoning€toÏcriticize€the€practice€of€using€seriousness€of€offense€as€grounds€for€decliningÏparole.€€See€òòAddonizio€v.€United€States,óó€573€F.2d€147€(3rd€Cir.€1978).ÌÌà àà àHowever€Tennesseeððs€courts€are€not€bound€by€the€òòAddonizio€óócase,Ïand€the€Tennessee€legislature€has€statutorily€authorized€the€Board€of€Paroles€toÏdeny€parole€if€release€would€depreciate€the€seriousness€of€the€offense.€€Tenn.ÍCode€Ann.€ðð€4„35„503(b)(2).€See€also€òòArnold€v.€Board€of€Parolesóó,€Appeal€No.€01„A„01„9508„CH„00075€(filed€Nashville,€May€8,€1996)òò;€Mosley€v.€Board€of€Parolesóó,ÏAppeal€No.€01„A„01„9604„CH„00162€(filed€Nashville,€November€1,€1996).€€WeÏbelieve€there€was€no€illegality€in€the€determination€that€it€would€depreciate€theÏseriousness€of€Mr.€Southððs€offense€to€release€him€after€he€had€served€only€twoÏyears€for€engaging€in€prohibited€sexual€contact€with€three€children.€ÌÌà@ àò òSex€Offender€Treatment€Programó óÌà àà à€As€the€basis€for€his€objection€to€the€Boardððs€third€reason€forÏdeclining€him€parole,€Mr.€Smith€relies€upon€a€consent€decree€in€a€class€action€suitÏfiled€on€behalf€of€all€convicted€sex€offenders€in€the€custody€of€the€TennesseeÏDepartment€of€Correction,€òòDean€v.€McWherteróó,€No.1„90„0027€(M.D.€Tenn.€filedÏAugust€18,€1994).€The€parties€stipulated€that€the€state€would€limit€enforcement€ofÏa€statute€directed€towards€incarcerated€sex€offenders.€€The€statute,€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€41„21„235(b)€reads€as€follows:ÌÒ 0 ÒÒ „ ÒÒ 0 ÒÒ  ÒÓÓà à(a)€The€department€of€correction,€in€cooperationÏwith€the€department€of€mental€health€and€mentalÏretardation,€shall€develop€a€sexual€abuse€treatmentÏprogram€for€sex€offenders€incarcerated€after€the€programÏis€instituted.Ìà à(b)€Successful€participation€in€and€completion€ofÏsuch€treatment€program€shall€be€a€requirement€for€paroleÏfrom€the€correctional€institutions€by€such€offenders.ÌÌÌÒ € ÒÒ  ÒÒ € ÒÒ „ ÒÓÓà àà àThe€parties€agreed,€among€other€things,€that€the€new€statute€will€notÏbe€applied€ð ðuntil€such€time€that€the€sex€abuse€treatment€program€is€fullyÏinstituted.ðð€However€the€stipulation€also€provides€that:ÌÒ 0 ÒÒ „ ÒÒ 0 ÒÒ  ÒÓÓEach€sex€offender€who€comes€before€the€Board€of€ParolesÏwill€be€judged€on€his€or€her€own€merits.€The€Board€willÏapply€the€factors€set€forth€in€the€Rules€of€the€Board€ofÏParoles,€Chapter€1100„1„1„.06,€to€each€sex€offender€inÏdetermining€whether€to€grant€or€deny€parole.€ÌÌÌÌÒ € ÒÒ  ÒÒ € ÒÒ ° ÒÓÓà àà àThough€Mr.€South€registered€for€the€sexual€abuse€treatmentÏprogram,€it€was€not€available€to€him€at€the€time€of€his€hearing€before€theÏParole€Board.€€It€thus€would€have€been€a€violation€of€the€consent€decree€toÏhave€denied€him€parole€solely€on€the€basis€of€his€failure€to€complete€theÏprogram.€€See€òòDalton€v.€Board€of€Paroles,óó€Appeal€No.€01„A„01„9601„CH„00029€(filed€Nashville,€May€8,€1996).ÌÌà àà àHowever,€the€Parole€Board€also€cited€the€seriousness€of€hisÏoffense,€a€factor€specifically€named€in€Chapter€1100„1„1„.06€(3)(b)€as€a€reasonÏfor€denying€parole,€and€risk€of€re„offending,€which€is€perhaps€the€mostÏfundamental€consideration€for€parole,€and€which€is€strongly€implied€in€ChapterÏ1100„1„1„.06,€sections€(1),€(1)(p),€and€(3)(a).€€Thus,€even€if€the€Boardððs€use€ofÏMr.€Southððs€failure€to€complete€treatment€as€a€reason€for€declining€to€paroleÍhim€was€in€error,€the€error€must€be€considered€to€be€harmless€under€theÏcircumstances€of€this€case.€€€Ìà@ àò òPlea€Agreementó óà àÌà àà àMr.€South€also€argues€on€appeal€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€notÏenforcing€a€plea€agreement€that€he€and€the€District€Attorney€allegedly€enteredÏinto,€which€would€have€required€his€release€after€he€had€served€30%€of€hisÏsentence.€€He€points€out€that€our€Supreme€Court€has€recently€recognized€thatÏplea€agreements€are€contractual€in€nature,€and€thus€binding€on€the€parties,Ïsee€òòState€v.€Howingtonóó,€907€S.W.2d€403€(1995).€€ÌÌà àà àHowever,€we€are€not€certain€that€the€òòHowingtonóó€opinionÏnecessarily€means€that€a€District€Attorneyððs€promises€are€binding€on€the€BoardÏof€Paroles.€€See€òòDoyle€v.€Hamptonóó,€207€Tenn.€399,€340€S.W.2d€891€(1960).€€InÏany€case,€the€task€of€the€trial€court€is€not€to€enforce€the€plea€agreement,€but€toÏscrutinize€the€actions€of€the€Board€of€Paroles€for€arbitrary€or€illegal€conduct.ÌÌà àà àThe€trial€court€did€not€directly€address€Mr.€Southððs€pleaÏagreement€argument€when€it€granted€the€Stateððs€motion€to€dismiss€his€petition,Ïperhaps€because€the€plea€agreement€is€not€discussed€in€the€petition€itself,€butÏonly€in€Mr.€Southððs€memorandum€in€opposition€to€the€motion.€€The€StateððsÏMotion€to€Dismiss€was€accompanied€by€an€affidavit€in€which€the€Staff€AttorneyÏof€the€Board€of€Paroles€testified€as€to€the€legality€and€regularity€of€theÍproceedings€of€which€Mr.€South€complains.€€Mr.€Southððs€memorandum€wasÏnot€accompanied€by€any€evidence€to€substantiate€his€claims€as€to€the€terms€ofÏhis€plea€agreement,€nor€can€we€find€any€such€evidence€anywhere€else€in€theÏrecord.ÌÌà àà àLest€it€be€thought€that€we€place€an€impossible€burden€on€theÏpetitioner€by€requiring€him€to€prove€the€terms€of€his€plea€agreement,€we€noteÏthat€a€verbatim€record€of€the€proceedings€before€the€sentencing€court€wasÏpresumably€prepared€in€accordance€with€Rule€11,€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€€In€suchÏproceedings,€the€trial€judge€is€required€to€question€the€defendant€to€make€sureÏthat€he€is€aware€of€his€rights,€that€his€guilty€plea€is€voluntary,€and€to€determineÏwhether€his€willingness€to€plead€guilty€results€from€prior€discussions€betweenÏthe€District€Attorney€and€the€defendant.€€The€precise€terms€of€the€pleaÏagreement€should€also€have€been€embodied€in€the€sentencing€courtððs€order.ÌÌà àà àAs€it€appears€that€the€trial€court€considered€and€did€not€excludeÏmatters€outside€the€pleadings,€it€is€appropriate€to€treat€the€appelleeððs€motion€toÏdismiss€for€failure€to€state€a€claim€upon€which€relief€can€be€granted€as€aÏmotion€for€summary€judgment.€€See€Rule€12.02(6),€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€P.€€Such€aÏmotion€may€be€granted€if€there€is€no€genuine€issue€as€to€any€material€fact,€andÏthe€moving€party€is€entitled€to€judgment€as€a€matter€of€law.€€See€òòByrd€v.€Hallóó,Ï847€S.W.2d€208€(Tenn.€1993).ÌÌà àà àSince€Mr.€South€does€not€assert€that€he€presented€hisÏallegations€of€a€binding€plea€agreement€to€the€Parole€Board,€and€does€notÏpresent€any€evidence€of€the€existence€of€any€such€agreement€that€the€ParoleÏBoard€should€have€been€aware€of,€there€exists€no€genuine€issue€of€materialÏfact€to€indicate€that€the€Parole€Board€acted€arbitrarily€or€in€violation€of€lawÏwhen€it€declined€to€parole€him€after€he€served€30%€of€his€sentence.ÌÌà@ àò òIV.ÌÌó óà àà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€Remand€this€cause€toÏthe€Chancery€Court€of€Davidson€County€for€further€proceedings€consistentÏwith€this€opinion.€€Tax€the€costs€on€appeal€to€the€appellant.ÌÓÓÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà à_____________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌHENRY€F.€TODD,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌMIDDLE€SECTIONÌÌÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÌÇÑ  Ñà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àMIDDLE€SECTION€AT€NASHVILLEÌÌÌÌÌELWIN€N.€SOUTH,€SR.,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àPetitioner/Appellant,à àà à)à àAppeal€No.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à01„A„01„9609„CH„00393à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àDavidson€ChanceryÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€95„1891„IIÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌTENNESSEE€BOARD€OF€PAROLES,à à)à àAffirmedÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àandÌà àRespondent/Appellee.à àà à)à àRemandedÌÌÌà@ àò òòòÔ€¼ÔJ€U€D€G€M€E€N€Tó óóóÔ€XÔÌÌÌÓÓà àà àThis€cause€came€on€to€be€heard€upon€the€record€on€appeal€fromÏthe€Chancery€Court€of€Davidson€County,€and€briefs€of€the€parties;€uponÏconsideration€whereof,€this€Court€is€of€the€opinion€that€in€the€decree€of€theÏChancellor€there€is€no€reversible€error.Ìà àà àIn€accordance€with€the€opinion€of€the€Court€filed€herein,€it€is,Ïtherefore,€ordered€and€decreed€by€this€Court€that€the€decree€is€affirmed.€€TheÏcause€is€remanded€to€the€Chancery€Court€of€Davidson€County€for€theÏenforcement€of€the€decree€and€for€the€collection€of€the€costs€accrued€below.Ìà àà àCosts€of€this€appeal€are€taxed€against€Elwin€N.€South,€Sr.,€forÏwhich€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.Ìà àà àENTER€_______________________.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à_________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àHENRY€F.€TODD,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà àMIDDLE€SECTIONÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà à_________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà à_________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà à