ÿWPCñ éÅ€‹šm¹;‹©KØÿžÄ, Oç¨ 3ˋۻœ XùeìzÇ–”™WQ¢ÙÕúÜêËCò28ÖS—ª„C¾¾êsô$LüˆÏYp¼Žæ¦rú.;o`œöªy|=˜ÐÝWSŒy°Ýj½ÏœÏs- …PøŽï|­Ñ>²åMZTcDWÕ¸×%AQ™s‰Ž§3LNå•cÓöÌÁW€‹tSN(È"&ö¼4m7øyeƒvºzEEÅßl±9ÅÓºßÄ·Ɖ۔)ÉþO°© ¥£)S½cýYä,#1F£BíŽcÚÓTÌÁ]²*2Óu…½R¥’SV §~É™PŸÖ;zœýx'%21Ú/ª»PPË(8éŠ:Ѽ³®Á#ån­PxkW0€ì‚;È:/3æ¼ä¦iž/hñèu(o aÒû…ã~Dˆ’ƒª¾A…ËïxH—ÖǧFÆ£Ts©žÁÀF^`š>dÆ¥ÌÝ[,ÇüäYïà6^±%¯©“ˆšB¨ðãÖA»Ó“0ÝÇÅ@‰[ >ǶäÀºL¡¬J¥ªþ/þÓ÷ª ËêòVWb¶&P§‚vgž#Oé_º¶~2£ÆqF»zß.,&HŽ×`ÙÇD}`#!@UNa %¯ 0ûµUN° wþ 4  % M- Bz 0@— 0D× 1uN^ ’ž m ñ· 72¨ 0cÚ=L 1‡T 72Û˜       T¥U:ùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùù AQ3Æ„ 0J 0b 0Dzz D3¾˜HP LaserJet 8000 DN PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX(ÓŒ $¡¡Ñ7€1dX»d»Xdð7ÑÑ  ÑÒ°ÒÒH°ÒÔ€¼±g¼»I»ÔÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑ(¶ÍY Z ‹6Times New Roman RegulartpO'…‚3|x CÝ ƒ ü‡$ÝÒ°ÒÒH°ÒÔ€¼šu»XXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€X–BX»¼šuÔThe€mobile€home€was€a€single„wide,€with€the€bathroom€in€the€approximate€center.€€AÐ ° Ðbedroom€was€on€either€end.€€According€to€the€detective,€the€tub€was€24€to€30€inches€high.€€AÐ  ð Ðstool€commonly€used€by€Derek€was€six€(6)€inches€high.€€Father€and€paramour€theorized€thatÐ à ÐDerek€used€the€stool,€described€by€them€as€12€inches€high,€to€get€into€the€tub.€ d(ð(3¥u$¤¤Ý ƒŒ !ÝÑ8€7"XXdìdì8ÑÑ  ÑÒ°ÒÒH°ÒÔ€¼e»XXÔÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó##37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)rnS'L ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ çÝ ƒ ü‡$ÝÒ°ÒÒH°ÒÔ€¼šu»XXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€X–BX»¼šuÔMarilyn€Barnes€with€the€Child€Protection€Team€in€Gainesville,€Florida,€reported€andÐ ° Ðlater€testified€at€the€hearing€of€this€matter€that€Derek€had€a€classic€immersion€burn€coveringÐ  ð Ð18%€of€his€body€and€that€the€burn€was€indicative€of€child€abuse.€€There€is€some€indication€inÐ à Ðthe€record€that€she€may€have€approached€the€investigation€with€a€pre„conception€which€wasÐ €Ð Ðstrongly€counter€productive€since€neither€the€Detective€nor€the€Chancellor€apparently€creditedÐ pÀ Ðher€opinion.i)(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à Ý ƒ ü‡$ÝÒ°ÒÒH°ÒÔ€¼šu»XXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€X–BX»¼šuÔMother€filed€a€motion€seeking€our€court€to€consider€post„judgment€facts€concerningÐ ° Ðevents€which€occurred€after€the€judgment€was€entered€by€Chancellor€White.€€A€decision€onÐ  ð Ðthe€motion€was€deferred€to€this€panel.€€We€do€not€find€the€Motherððs€motion€to€be€well„takenÐ à Ðand€it€is€denied. 85hCEKQW]cioAutoList11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. ŽÝ ƒ ü‡$ÝÒ°ÒÒH°ÒÔ€¼šu»XXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€X–BX»¼šuÔThis€investigation€was€criminal€in€nature,€of€course.€€The€detective€was€notÐ ° Ðquestioned€very€closely€about€the€circumstantial€evidence€dealing€with€a€deliberate€vis„a„visÐ  ð Ðnegligent€act. JÝ ƒ[ï"ÝÔ€¼e»XXÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€"¼:»»¼eÔÔ€"èÃcç»"¼:ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€"››ç"èÃcÔÐ  ÐÌOctober€18,€1999ÌÌCecil€Ô_ÔCrowsonÔ_Ô,€Jr.ÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdA—Ôó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularZ[\]_Cþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(ð3ï$¢¢Ý ƒŒ !ÝÑ8€7"XXdìdì8ÑÑ  ÑÒ°ÒÒH°ÒÔ€¼e»XXÔÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÝ  Ý(ð3ï$££Ý ƒŒ !ÝÑ8€7"XXdìdì8ÑÑ  ÑÒ°ÒÒH°ÒÔ€¼e»XXÔÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó 'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒŒ !ÝÑ8€7"XXdìdÈ8ÑÑ  ÑÒ°ÒÒH°ÒÔ€¼e»XXÔÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÓÓÔ€¼e»»¼eÔÑ8€7"»XdìXXdì8Ñò òòòÓ  Óßx€Y!_B2.jzÂÿç `€€@ÿE—Žtt¨¦úÏ xßÔ_ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ ° ÐAT€KNOXVILLEóóó ó€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð Ø( ÐÌÓ  ÓÓÓPATRICK€JAMES€THOMSON,à  à)à p àUNION€COUNTYÐ , | Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àÐ > Ž Ðà ` àRespondent/Appelleeà À àà  à)à p àÐ P   Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìv.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àNO.€03A01„9809„CH„00308Ð tÄ  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àÐ †Ö  ÐHEATHER€ALICIA€ROACHà À àà0  à)à p àHON.€BILLY€JOE€WHITE€Ð˜è $$ Ðà ` àTHOMSON,à h àà À àà  à)à p àCHANCELLORÐ ªú  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà ` àPetitioner/Appellantà À àà  à)à p àAFFIRMEDÐ Î Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àand€REMANDEDÐ à0 ÐÌÌA.€Thomas€Monceret€of€Knoxville€for€Appellant.ÌÌF.€D.€Gibson,€III,€of€Maryville€for€Appellee.ÌÌà ` àÌÌò òòòà@´´(ÌàÔ‡ 6ï !»¼eÔO€P€I€N€I€O€NÔ#†¼e» ! 6ïh#ԈР‚Ò ÐÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àó óóóINMAN,€Senior€JudgeÐ æ"6 ÐÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà ` àThis€is€a€post„divorce€proceeding€wherein€both€parties€appeal€the€change€ofÏcustody€of€their€son€and€the€visitation€orders€of€the€trial€court€together€with€aÏchallenge€to€the€trial€courtððs€jurisdiction.ÌÓÓÌÌÓ  ÓI.€€FACTS€AND€PROCEEDINGS€IN€TRIAL€COURTSÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓÓà ` àThe€mother,€Heather€Thomson,€and€father,€Patrick€Thomson,€were€divorcedÏon€June€20,€1996,€in€the€Union€County€Chancery€Court.€€They€have€one€son,ÏDerek,€who€was€born€October€9,€1995.€€The€Chancellor€granted€joint€custody€ofÏDerek€to€both€parties,€with€primary€physical€custody€to€father.€€Father€had€physicalÏcustody€of€Derek€for€two€months€and€Mother€had€physical€custody€every€thirdÐ „;Ô63 Ðmonth.€€From€February€1996€through€October€1996,€the€child€lived€primarily€withÏhis€Father€in€Ô_ÔMaryvilleÔ_Ô,€Tennessee.€€Father€then€moved€to€Florida€to€be€nearer€hisÐ Ô$ Ðfamily.Ð øH Ðà ` àIn€early€1997,€Mother€filed€a€petition€with€the€trial€court€alleging€that€aÐ  l Ðmaterial€change€of€circumstances€had€occurred.€€Father€had€allegedly€neglectedÐ @  ÐDerek€and€engaged€in€violent€behavior€in€his€presence.€€After€a€hearing,€the€trialÐ d´  Ðcourt€found€that€there€was€no€material€change€in€circumstances€which€wouldÐ ˆØ  Ðwarrant€a€change€of€custody.€€The€only€change€in€circumstances€was€the€fact€thatÐ ¬ü ÐMother€had€remarried.€€The€trial€court€also€kept€in€place€the€previous€order€of€theÐ Ð  Ðcourt€with€regard€to€custody,€visitation€and€support.€€On€appeal,€we€affirmed€theÐ ôD Ðjudgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð h Ðà ` àThe€episode€giving€rise€to€the€current€litigation€occurred€on€December€9,Ð <Œ Ð1997.€€Father€resided€with€his€paramour€in€a€mobile€home.€€Derek,€then€21€monthsÐ `° Ðold,€had€been€visiting€his€father€„€or€had€been€in€his€custody€„€for€eight€days.€Ð „ Ô ÐAccording€to€Father,€he€was€preparing€to€bathe€Derek€and€had€turned€the€hot€waterÐ ¨"ø Ðfaucet€on€when€the€telephone€rang.€€After€two€rings,€he€left€the€bathroom€to€answerÐ Ì$  Ðthe€telephone€which€required€a€matter€of€seconds.€€Father€testified€that€he€thenÐ ð&@"  Ðheard€Derek€cry€ð ðhotðð,€that€he€ran€back€to€the€bathroom׃ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€where€he€discoveredÐ )d$" ÐDerek€ð ðsitting€in€the€tub€with€his€hands€folded€across€his€chest€and€wasnððt€sayingÐ 8+ˆ&$ Ðmuch.ðð€€He€called€the€hospital€emergency€room€whose€personnel€told€him€to€putÐ \-¬(& Ðthe€child€in€cold€water,€observe€the€injury,€and€use€his€own€judgment€if€DerekÐ €/Ð*( Ðneeded€to€be€taken€to€the€hospital€that€night€or€to€his€family€doctor€in€the€morning.€Ð ¤1ô,* ÐFather€also€called€his€mother,€Mary€Margaret€Kelly,€and€told€her€of€Derekððs€burns.Ð È3/, Ðà ` àFather€and€his€paramour€testified€that€Derek€slept€soundly€through€the€night.€Ð ° ÐFor€reasons€not€clear€in€the€record,€on€the€following€morning€Father€discoveredÐ Ô$ Ðthat€Derek€was€badly€burned,€and€he,€with€Derekððs€grandmother,€took€Derek€toÐ øH ÐÔ_ÔShandsÔ_Ô€Hospital€in€Ô_ÔGainsvilleÔ_Ô,€Florida,€where€he€was€admitted,€with€a€diagnosisÐ  l Ðof€second€and€third€degree€burns€on€his€buttocks,€feet€and€ankles.Ð @  Ðà ` àThe€paternal€great„grandmother,€Margaret€Thomson,€immediately€calledÐ d´  ÐMother€in€Tennessee€and€advised€her€that€Derek€had€suffered€burns,€which€wereÐ ˆØ  Ðnot€life€threatening.€€Shortly€after€receiving€the€telephone€call,€Mother€called€theÐ ¬ü Ðpolice€in€Florida€claiming€that€the€burns€were€the€result€of€the€child€being€abusedÐ Ð  Ðand€requested€that€the€police€investigate.€€The€next€day€Mother€came€to€Florida.Ð ôD Ðà ` àDetective€Horace€Parker€investigated€the€complaint€of€child€abuse.€€MotherÐ h Ðtold€him€that€she€had€filed€numerous€reports€of€child€abuse€with€the€TennesseeÐ <Œ ÐDepartment€of€Childrenððs€Services.€€During€Detective€Parkerððs€investigation€of€theÐ `° Ðincident€(his€first€burn€case),€he€talked€with€various€people,€including€Mother,Ð „ Ô ÐFather,€Derekððs€babysitter€in€Florida,€the€Tennessee€Department€of€ChildrenððsÐ ¨"ø ÐServices,€and€various€people€working€at€Ô_ÔShandsÔ_Ô€Hospital.€€He€also€went€to€FatherððsÐ Ì$  Ðhome,€examined€the€site,€and€tested€the€water€temperature.€€He€ð ðplugged€the€drainÐ ð&@"  Ðto€the€bathtub€and€turned€the€hot€water€on.€€It€took€approximately€three€minutes€forÐ )d$" Ðthe€water€to€reach€about€three€inches€deep.€€At€this€level€[he]€obtained€aÐ 8+ˆ&$ Ðtemperature€of€140€to€144€degrees.ðð€€After€the€investigation,€Detective€ParkerÐ \-¬(& Ðreported€that€ð ðI€couldnððt€substantiate€that€Patrick€deliberately€caused€these€injuriesÐ €/Ð*( Ðto€his€son.ðð׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ¤1ô,* Ðà ` àMother€intermittently€visited€with€Derek€at€the€hospital€until€shortly€beforeÐ ° ÐChristmas.€€Father€worked€with€the€hospital€treatment€team€helping€with€DerekððsÐ Ô$ Ðphysical€therapy.€€The€families€worked€out€visitation€with€Derek€so€that€someoneÐ øH Ðwas€with€Derek€constantly€during€his€hospitalization.Ð  l ÐÓÓà ` àÌÓt ÓÓ  ÓA.€€Putnam€County,€Florida,€Circuit€CourtÐ R¢  ÐÓ¥!ÓÓÓÓ ÓÌà ` àOn€January€2,€1998,€the€Circuit€Court€in€Putnam€County,€Florida,€invokedÐ ˆØ  Ðits€emergency€jurisdiction€authority€under€Section€61.1308,€Florida€Statutes,€andÐ ¬ü Ðissued€an€Emergency€Shelter€Order€placing€the€child€in€the€temporary€legal€custodyÐ Ð  Ðof€his€paternal€grandmother,€Mary€Margaret€Kelly,€under€the€supervision€of€theÐ ôD ÐFlorida€Department€of€Children€and€Family€Services.€€A€guardian€òòad€litemóó€wasÐ h Ðappointed€to€represent€the€child.€€Any€contact€with€the€child€by€Father€was€to€beÐ <Œ Ðsupervised€by€Mrs.€Kelly.Ð `° Ðà ` àAfter€Derek€was€placed€in€his€paternal€grandmotherððs€custody,€Mother€wasÐ „ Ô Ðwelcome€at€the€paternal€familyððs€home€for€several€hours€each€day.€€She€also€tookÐ ¨"ø ÐDerek€shopping€with€her€in€a€stroller€furnished€by€the€paternal€family.Ð Ì$  Ðà ` àOn€January€16,€1998,€Mother€filed€a€Petition€for€Temporary€and€PermanentÐ ð&@"  ÐCustody€of€the€child€in€the€Chancery€Court€in€Union€County,€Tennessee.€€LaterÐ )d$" Ðthat€day,€the€Putnam€County€Circuit€Court€entered€an€Order€on€Motion€for€ReleaseÐ 8+ˆ&$ Ðof€the€Child€to€the€Mother€and€Relinquishment€of€Courtððs€Emergency€Jurisdiction.€Ð \-¬(& ÐThe€order€noted€thatÐ €/Ð*( ÐÓÓà8 ` à3.à0¸ ` 8"` 8"àThe€child€is€scheduled€for€an€appointment€with€the€Burn€UnitØ! !؀Р¤1ô,* Ðat€Ô_ÔShandsÔ_Ô€Hospital€in€Gainesville,€Florida€on€February€19,Ð ¶2.+ Ð1998.ÐÈ3/,¸ 8"¸ 8" ÐÌà8 ` à4.à0¸ ` 8"` 8"àThe€father€requested€supervised€visitation€with€the€child€whenÐ ì5<1. Ðthe€child€returns€to€Florida€on€February€19,€1998.Ðþ6N2/¸ 8"¸ 8" Ðâ âÐ 8`30 Ðà8 ` à5.à0¸ ` 8"` 8"àThe€evidence€was€sufficient€to€show€that€the€child€receivedÐ ° Ðâ âburns€to€the€lower€extremities€and€buttocks€area€while€in€theÐ Â Ðfatherððs€legal€custody,€but€the€identity€of€the€perpetrator€andÐ Ô$ Ðthe€manner€in€which€the€burns€were€inflicted€was€notÐ æ6 Ðdetermined€by€this€court.ÐøH¸ 8"¸ 8" ÐÌà8 ` à6.à0¸ ` 8"` 8"àThe€Chancery€Court€for€Union€County,€Tennessee€indicated€onÐ  l ÐJanuary€20,€1998€that€it€would€continue€to€exercise€jurisdictionÐ . ~ Ðover€the€custody€proceedings€and€would€not€transferÐ @  Ðjurisdiction€to€this€court.ÐR¢ ¸ 8"¸ 8" ÐÌà8 ` à7.à0¸ ` 8"` 8"àThe€mother€had€filed€pleadings€in€the€Chancery€Court€forÐ vÆ  ÐUnion€County,€Tennessee€to€address€the€events€which€gave€riseÐ ˆØ  Ðto€the€exercise€of€emergency€jurisdiction€by€this€court.Ðšê ¸ 8"¸ 8" ÐÌÓÓà ` àThe€court€placed€the€child€in€the€temporary€legal€custody€of€Mother€effectiveÐ ¾ ÐJanuary€26,€1998,€until€such€time€as€the€Union€County€Chancery€court€acted€uponÐ â2 ÐMotherððs€pleadings€in€the€Petition€to€Change€Custody.€€Mother€was€to€ensure€thatÐ V Ðthe€child€attended€his€appointment€at€the€Burn€Unit€at€Ô_ÔShandsÔ_Ô€Hospital€on€FebruaryÐ *z Ð19,€1998.€€It€was€further€ordered€that€visitation€ð ðbetween€the€father€and€child€isÐ Nž Ðauthorized,€but€not€required,€when€the€child€returns€to€Florida€for€his€appointmentÐ r Ðprovided€that€it€is€supervised€by€the€paternal€grandmother€and€that€it€is€arrangedÐ –!æ Ðby€mutual€agreement€of€the€parents.ðð€€The€court€then€relinquished€its€emergencyÐ º#  Ðjurisdiction€in€the€matter.Ð Þ%.! Ðà ` àThe€judges€of€both€courts€conferred,€and€the€Florida€court€declined€toÐ (R#! Ðexercise€jurisdiction€over€the€custody€determination€deferring€to€the€Union€CountyÐ &*v%# ÐChancery€Court.€€The€Putnam€County,€Florida,€court€then€entered€an€order€onÐ J,š'% ÐJanuary€30,€1998,€relinquishing€emergency€jurisdiction€and€granting€MotherÐ n.¾)' Ðtemporary€custody€of€Derek€effective€January€26,€pending€the€outcome€of€theÐ ’0â+) Ðcustody€litigation€in€Union€County€Chancery€Court.Ð ¶2.+ Ðà ` àOn€March€5,€1998,€the€Union€County€Chancery€Court€entered€an€orderÐ Ú4*0- Ðawarding€temporary€custody€of€Derek€to€Mother€pursuant€to,€and€in€accordanceÐ þ6N2/ Ðwith,€the€Florida€Decree€issued€on€January€26.€€The€court€determined€that€theÐ "9r41 Ðtemporary€custody€order€should€continue€in€effect€until€the€court€could€rule€on€theÐ ° Ðchange€of€custody€petition.Ð Ô$ ÐÔ_Ôà ` àMother€brought€Derek€back€to€Tennessee€in€late€January.€€His€maternalÐ øH Ðgrandmother€was€a€nurse€and€worked€with€Derek€on€physical€therapy.€€In€earlyÐ  l ÐFebruary,€Mother€brought€Derek€back€to€Florida€for€treatment€of€his€burns.€SheÐ @  Ðonly€stayed€long€enough€for€Derekððs€doctorððs€appointment.€€Mother€refused€to€letÐ d´  ÐFather€or€Derekððs€paternal€family€see€him.€€Mother€then€unilaterally€changedÐ ˆØ  ÐDerekððs€treatment€to€the€Ô_ÔShrinerÔ_Ôððs€Hospital€in€Cincinnati,€Ohio.Ð ¬ü Ðà ` àFrom€the€time€Derek€came€back€to€Tennessee€in€January€until€the€hearingÐ Ð  Ðthe€end€of€May,€Mother€did€not€permit€Father€or€any€of€the€paternal€relatives€toÐ ôD Ðvisit€with€Derek,€even€though€they€came€to€Tennessee€on€two€different€occasions.€Ð h ÐTelephone€communications€between€the€parents€and€between€Father,€the€paternalÐ <Œ Ðgrandmothers€and€Derek€were€sporadic€and€òòde€Ô_ÔminimisÔ_Ô.óóÐ `° Ðà ` àOn€March€6,€1998,€Father€filed€a€motion€averring€that€Mother€had€not€paidÐ „ Ô Ðcourt€ordered€child€support€and€was€in€contempt€of€court.€€On€March€13,€1998,Ð ¨"ø ÐFather€filed€another€motion€for€Motherððs€failure€to€allow€any€visitation€with€Derek;Ð Ì$  Ðher€refusal€to€allow€meaningful€telephone€contact€with€Derek;€her€refusal€to€keepÐ ð&@"  ÐFather€informed€of€Derekððs€well„being€or€to€notify€him€of€any€medical€treatment.€Ð )d$" ÐFather€also€sought€to€have€the€motion€for€change€of€custody€dismissed.Ð 8+ˆ&$ Ðà ` àA€hearing€was€held€in€Union€County€on€May€21,€1998.€€At€the€close€of€theÐ \-¬(& Ðhearing€the€Chancellor€found€as€to€the€accidental€burns€suffered€by€Derek:Ð €/Ð*( ÐÓÓà8 ` àà ¸ àBut€all€the€evidence€is€that€heððs€a€loving€father,€there€has€neverÐ ¤1ô,* Ðbeen€any€deliberate€abuse.€€The€court€does€not€feel€that€there€isÐ ¶2.+ Ðenough€evidence€in€this€case€to€find€deliberate€abuse€.€.€.€.ÐÈ3/,` 8"` 8" Ðà8 ` àà ¸ àNow,€negligence,€lack€of€attention,€those€are€different€mattersÐ Ú4*0- Ð.€.€.€.€you€really€should€not€leave€a€two„year„old€child€in€the€bathroomÐ ì5<1. Ðwith€hot€water€running€under€any€circumstances.€€A€mother€probablyÐ þ6N2/ Ðwouldnððt€do€that.€€A€dad€did.€€He€made€a€mistake.Ð8`30` 8"` 8" ÐÔ_ÔÐ "9r41 Ðà ` àChancellor€White€also€found€as€to€visitation€issues:Ð ° ÐÌà8 ` àà ¸ àAnd€I€see€an€awful€lot€of€that€even€today€that€the€mother€out€ofÐ Ô$ Ðanger€or€bitterness€or€whatever€it€is€absolutely€is€uncooperative€onÐ æ6 Ðvisitation€.€.€.€.ÐøH` 8"` 8" Ðà8 ` àà ¸ àThe€court€is€still€faced€with€about€the€same€problem€I€had€aÐ  Z Ðyear€ago€when€I€gave€the€father€residential€custody.€€I€did€that€mostlyÐ  l Ðbecause€the€mother€was€just€not€cooperative€on€visitation€.€.€.€.Ð. ~` 8"` 8" Ðà8 ` àà ¸ àI€want€to€make€it€plain€and€clear€that€Mr.€Thomson€has€a€rightÐ @  Ðto€see€his€child,€and€his€mother€and€grandmother€have€a€right€to€seeÐ R¢  Ðthis€child.€€And€to€just€refuse€visitation€is€incomprehensible.Ðd´ ` 8"` 8" Ðà8 ` àà ¸ àThe€atmosphere€at€the€natural€motherððs€home€is€not€conductiveÐ vÆ  Ðto€visitation€.€.€.€.ÐˆØ ` 8"` 8" Ðà8 ` àà ¸ àThe€mother€in€this€case€is€one€of€the€most€stubborn€people€IððveÐ šê  Ðever€dealt€with.€€But€if€this€visitation€is€not€allowed€and€we€donððtÐ ¬ü Ðhave€proper€cooperation,€Iððll€change€custody€back€to€the€father€at€theÐ ¾ Ðdrop€of€a€hat,€and€Iððll€drop€the€hat€.€.€.€.ÐÐ ` 8"` 8" Ðà8 ` àà ¸ àThe€next€time,€Iððm€going€to€change€custody€full„time€toÐ â2 ÐFlorida.€€It€wonððt€be€two€months€or€one€month€or€six€months.€€IððmÐ ôD Ðgoing€to€send€this€child€to€its€father€and€leave€it€down€there.ÐV` 8"` 8" Ðà8 ` àà ¸ àI€want€it€clearly€understood€that€Iððm€doing€this€not€because€IÐ h Ðthink€the€father€deliberately€injured€this€child,€but€I€really€just€thinkÐ *z Ðthat€the€mother€has€matured€a€lot.€€She,€I€hope,€has€a€good€marriageÐ <Œ Ðand€married€a€good€man€and€has€a€stable€home€and€that€this€childÐ Nž Ðwould€be€better€suited€to€spend€more€time€with€her.Ð`°` 8"` 8" ÐÌà ` àIn€his€Order€entered€on€August€25,€1998,€Chancellor€White€held€the€Ð „ Ô ÐÌfollowing:Ð ¨"ø ÐÌà8 ` à1.à0¸ ` 8"` 8"àThat€the€burns€and€injuries€suffered€by€the€minor€chid€were€theÐ Ì$  Ðresult€of€negligence€on€the€part€of€the€original€Plaintiff,€but€notÐ Þ%.! Ða€deliberate€act.Ðð&@" ¸ 8"¸ 8" ÐÌà8 ` à2.à0¸ ` 8"` 8"àThat€the€previous€co„parenting€terms€afforded€the€PlaintiffÐ )d$" Ðshall€be€vested€in€and€awarded€to€the€original€Defendant,Ð &*v%# ÐHeather€Thomson€Douglas,€effective€May€21,€1998.Ð8+ˆ&$¸ 8"¸ 8" ÐÌà8 ` à3.à0¸ ` 8"` 8"àThe€original€plaintiff€shall€have€co„parenting€time€from€MayÐ \-¬(& Ð22,€1998,€up€through€and€until€Jun€22,€1998,€as€the€child€hasÐ n.¾)' Ðbeen€withheld€and€has€had€no€visitation€with€the€Plaintiff€sinceÐ €/Ð*( ÐJanuary,€1998.Ð’0â+)¸ 8"¸ 8" ÐÌà8 ` à4.à0¸ ` 8"` 8"àThat€the€Plaintiff/Respondent€shall€make€an€audio€recording€ofÐ ¶2.+ Ðall€telephone€conversations€between€himself,€the€defendant,€hisÐ È3/, Ðminor€child€and€any€members€of€the€Defendantððs€family.ÐÚ4*0-¸ 8"¸ 8" ÐÌà8 ` à5.à0¸ ` 8"` 8"àThat€the€Petitioner€shall€not€interfere€with€the€RespondentððsÐ þ6N2/ Ðvisitation€with€the€minor€child€and€any€instance€of€interferenceÐ 8`30 Ðwith€visitation€or€right€to€access€of€the€minor€child€will€beÐ "9r41 Ðdeemed€a€material€change€of€circumstances€sufficient€to€awardÐ ° Ðsole€custody€to€the€Respondent.и 8"¸ 8" ÐÌà8 ` à6.à0¸ ` 8"` 8"àThat€the€Respondent€shall€pay€unto€the€Petitioner€child€supportÐ æ6 Ðduring€the€months€previously€ordered€to€be€paid€by€theÐ øH ÐPetitioner€based€upon€the€required€21%€of€his€net€income€asÐ  Z Ðrequired€by€Tennessee€guidelines.€€The€court€finds€that€proofÐ  l Ðis€that€the€income€of€the€Plaintiff€is€$9.50€per€hour€on€a€40€hourÐ . ~ Ðweek€and€child€support€shall€be€set€at€$282.00€per€month€forÐ @  Ðthe€months€required€and€said€amount€is€equal€to€or€greater€thanÐ R¢  Ðthe€current€child€support€guidelines.Ðd´ ¸ 8"¸ 8" ÐÌà8 ` à7.à0¸ ` 8"` 8"àThat€the€Petitioner€is€ordered€an€allowance€of€$500.00€towardÐ ˆØ  Ðher€legal€fees€to€be€paid€by€the€Respondent€to€her€attorney.Ðšê ¸ 8"¸ 8" ÐÌà8 ` à8.à0¸ ` 8"` 8"àThat€the€Respondent€shall€be€allowed€credit€against€his€childÐ ¾ Ðsupport€obligation€for€$408.00€in€past€child€support€not€paid€byÐ Ð  Ðthe€Petitioner€as€of€the€date€of€hearing€and€$755.00€balanceÐ â2 Ðowed€on€judgment€for€funds€borrowed€for€a€total€of€$1163.00.ÐôD¸ 8"¸ 8" ÐÌà8 ` à9.à0¸ ` 8"` 8"àDuring€the€periods€when€the€child€is€not€in€that€parentððsÐ h Ðpossession,€the€parent€not€having€possession€of€the€child€atÐ *z Ðthose€times,€shall€have:Ð<Œ¸ 8"¸ 8" ÐÌà ` àà8 ¸ àa.à0¸ ภààThe€right€to€unimpeded€telephone€conversationsÐ `° Ðwith€the€child€at€least€two€times€per€week€atÐ r Ðreasonable€times€and€for€reasonable€durations;Є Ôàà ÐÌà ` àà8 ¸ àb.à0¸ ภààThe€right€to€send€mail€to€the€child€which€the€otherÐ ¨"ø Ðparent€may€not€open€or€censor;к# àà ÐÌà ` àà8 ¸ àc.à0¸ ภààThe€right€to€receive€notice€and€relevantÐ Þ%.! Ðinformation€as€soon€as€practicable,€but€withinÐ ð&@"  Ðtwenty„four€(24)€hours€of€any€event€ofÐ (R#! Ðhospitalization,€major€illness,€or€death€of€theÐ )d$" Ðchild;Ð&*v%#àà ÐÌà ` àà8 ¸ àd.à0¸ ภààThe€right€to€receive€directly€from€the€childððsÐ J,š'% Ðschool,€upon€written€request€which€includesÐ \-¬(& Ðcurrent€mailing€address€and€upon€payment€ofÐ n.¾)' Ðreasonable€costs€of€duplicating,€copies€of€theÐ €/Ð*( Ðchildððs€report€cards,€attendance€records,€names€ofÐ ’0â+) Ðteachers,€class€schedules,€standardized€test€scores,Ð ¤1ô,* Ðand€any€other€records€customarily€made€availableÐ ¶2.+ Ðto€parents;ÐÈ3/,àà ÐÌà ` àà8 ¸ àe.à0¸ ภààThe€right€to€receive€copied€of€the€childððs€medicalÐ ì5<1. Ðrecords€directly€from€the€childððs€doctor€or€otherÐ þ6N2/ Ðâ âhealth€care€provider,€upon€written€request€whichÐ 8`30 Ðcontains€current€mailing€address€and€uponÐ ° Ðpayment€of€reasonable€costs€of€duplications;€andÐÂàà Ðâ âÌà ` àà8 ¸ àf.à0¸ ภààThe€right€to€be€free€of€unwarranted€derogatoryÐ æ6 Ðremarks€made€about€him€or€her€or€his€or€herÐ øH Ðfamily€by€the€other€parent€to€or€in€the€presence€ofÐ  Z Ðthe€child.Ð làà ÐÌà8 ` à10.à0¸ ` 8"` 8"àThe€parties€shall€continue€to€pick€up€and€drop€off€the€child€atÐ @  Ðthe€previously€designated€location€or€at€such€places€that€will€beÐ R¢  Ðagreeable€to€both€parties.Ðd´ ¸ 8"¸ 8" ÐÌÓÓà ` àIt€was€from€this€Order€that€Mother€filed€an€appeal€on€September€1,€1998€andÐ ˆØ  ÐFather€filed€an€appeal€on€September€19,€1998.Ð ¬ü Ðà ` àThe€Putnam€County€Circuit€Court€recognized€Chancellor€Billy€Joe€WhiteððsÐ Ð  Ðrulings€and€findings.€€On€May€29,€1998€the€court€dismissed€the€Department€ofÐ ôD ÐChildren€and€Family€Servicesðð€petition€finding€no€need€for€shelter€care,€noÐ h Ðjurisdiction€under€òòres€judicata,óó€and€no€deliberate€abuse€of€the€minor€child.€€TheÐ <Œ Ðcourt€also€recognized€the€Chancellorððs€change€of€custody€to€Mother€andÐ `° Ðrelinquished€custody€of€the€minor€child€to€her€subject€to€Fatherððs€visitation.Ð „ Ô ÐÌÓ"ÓÓÓÓ  ÓII.€€ISSUESÐ Ì$  ÐÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà ` àMother€presents€the€following€issues€for€our€review:Ð (R#! ÐÓ  Óà8 ` à1.à0¸ ` 8"` 8"àDid€the€trial€court€err€by€exercising€jurisdiction€when€aÐ &*v%# Ðdependent€and€neglect€proceeding€had€been€filed€by€theÐ J,š'% ÐDepartment€of€Children€and€Family€Services€in€the€State€ofÐ n.¾)' ÐFlorida?Ð’0â+)¸ 8"¸ 8" Ðà0 ` à2.à0¸ ` $` $àDoes€the€evidence€preponderate€against€the€trial€courtððs€determinationÐ ¶2.+ Ðthat€fatherððs€visitation€should€not€be€supervised?ÐÚ4*0-¸ $¸ $ ÐÌÐ "9r41 Ðà ` àFatherððs€issues€for€our€review€are€as€follows:Ð ° Ðà0 ` à1.à0¸ ` $` $àThe€Union€County€Chancery€Court€properly€exercised€jurisdiction,Ð Ô$ Ðand€its€order€and€finding€of€no€deliberate€injury€is€òòres€judicataóó€on€theÐ øH Ðcourts€of€both€states€and€Ô_ÔestopÔ_Ô€further€action€on€the€same€facts.Ð l¸ $¸ $ Ðà0 ` à2.à0¸ ` $` $àThe€Union€County€Chancery€Court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€inÐ @  Ðordering€unsupervised€visitation.Ðd´ ¸ $¸ $ Ðà0 ` à3.à0¸ ` $` $àThe€evidence€preponderates€against€finding€a€material€change€ofÐ ˆØ  Ðcircumstance€that€warrants€a€change€of€custody.à x àЬü¸ $¸ $ ÐÌÓ bÓÓ  ÓÓÓIII.€€LAW€AND€DISCUSSIONÐ ôD ÐÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà ` àOur€standard€of€review€is€as€follows:€ð ðUnless€otherwise€required€byÐ *z Ðstatute,€review€of€findings€of€fact€by€the€trial€court€in€civil€actions€shall€beòò€deÐ Nž Ðnovoóó€upon€the€record€of€the€trial€court,€accompanied€by€a€presumption€of€theÐ r Ðcorrectness€of€the€finding,€unless€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence€isÐ –!æ Ðotherwise.ðð€€Rule€13(d),€Tennessee€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure.Ð º#  ÐÓ  Óà ` àIn€a€òòde€novoóó€review,€the€parties€are€entitled€to€a€reexamination€of€the€wholeÐ Þ%.! Ðmatter€of€law€and€fact€and€this€court€should€render€the€judgment€warranted€by€theÐ (R#! Ðlaw€and€evidence.€€òòÔ_ÔThornburgÔ_Ô€v.€Chaseóó,€606€S.W.2d€672€(Tenn.€App.€1980);Ð &*v%# ÐòòAmerican€Buildings€Co.€v.€Whiteóó,€640€S.W.2d€569€(Tenn.€App.€1982);€Rule€36€ofÐ J,š'% Ðthe€Tennessee€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure.€€No€such€presumption,€however,Ð n.¾)' Ðattaches€to€conclusions€of€law.€€òòAdams€v.€Dean€Roofing€Co.óó,€715€S.W.2d€341,€343Ð ’0â+) Ð(Tenn.€App.€1986).Ð ¶2.+ ÐÓÊiÓÓ  Óà ` àAdditionally,€it€is€a€well„established€principle€that€the€trial€court€is€in€theÐ Ú4*0- Ðbest€position€to€assess€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses;€accordingly,€suchÐ þ6N2/ Ðdeterminations€are€entitled€to€great€weight€on€appeal.€€òòÔ_ÔMassengaleÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔMassengaleÔ_Ôóó,Ð "9r41 Ð915€S.W.2d€818,€819€(Tenn.€App.€1995);€òòBowman€v.€Bowmanóó,€836€S.W.2d€563,Ð ° Ð567€(Tenn.€App.€1991).Ð Ô$ ÐÓÓÌÓ  ÓA.€€Jurisdiction€of€the€Trial€CourtÐ  Z ÐÌÌÓÓÓ  ÓÓ  Óà ` àThe€first€issue€we€will€address€is€whether€the€Union€County€Chancery€CourtÐ @  Ðhad€jurisdiction€of€this€matter.€€At€oral€argument,€Mother€essentially€conceded€thatÐ d´  Ðthe€Chancery€Court€had€jurisdiction,€and€the€point€need€not€be€labored€further.Ð ˆØ  ÐÓ(oÓÓÓÓ  ÓÌB.€€òòRes€Judicata€óóof€Court€FindingsÐ ¾ ÐÌÌÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓÓà ` àChancellor€White€heard€the€testimony€of€Ms.€Marilyn€Barnes,€an€advanceÐ ôD Ðregistered€nurse€practitioner€and€a€member€of€the€University€of€Florida€DepartmentÐ h Ðof€Pediatrics€Child€Protection€Team,€pertaining€to€the€child€abuse€charges€againstÐ <Œ ÐFather.€€He€also€heard€testimony€from€Margaret€Thomson€and€Patrick€ThomsonÐ `° Ðand€reviewed€the€deposition€testimony€of€Detective€Horace€Parker,€the€policeÐ „ Ô Ðinvestigator.€€After€hearing€and€seeing€the€evidence,€Chancellor€White€found€thatÐ ¨"ø Ðthere€was€ð ðnot€enough€evidence€to€find€deliberate€abuse.ððÐ Ì$  Ðà ` àWe€cannot€find€that€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€ChancellorððsÐ ð&@"  Ðfindings€on€the€issue€of€whether€Derekððs€burns€were€deliberately€inflicted€by€hisÐ )d$" Ðfather.€€But€it€is€appropriate€to€observe€that€the€evidence€reveals€many€unansweredÐ 8+ˆ&$ Ðquestions€and€does€not€satisfactorily€explicate€various€inconsistencies.€€TheÐ \-¬(& Ðgraphic€photographs€of€Derek€reveal€severe€scalding€of€his€buttocks€and€feet.€€HeÐ €/Ð*( Ðhad€no€burns€on€his€hands,€head,€or€upper€body.€€He€had€no€splash€burns,€keepingÐ ¤1ô,* Ðin€mind€that€he€allegedly€fell€into€the€tub€from€a€stool.€€If€he€fell€into€the€tub,€it€isÐ È3/, Ðpuzzling€as€to€why€his€hands€were€not€burned.€€The€time€sequence€is€also€puzzling,Ð ì5<1. Ðbecause€the€test€made€by€the€Detective€revealed€that€three€minutes€were€requiredÐ 8`30 Ðto€fill€the€tub€to€a€depth€of€three€inches,€and€Father€testified€that€the€telephone€„€25Ð ° Ðfeet€away€„€rang€just€as€he€turned€the€water€on.€€His€telephone€call€only€lastedÐ Ô$ Ðseconds,€certainly€less€than€three€minutes.€€Ms.€Queen,€fatherððs€paramour,€who€wasÐ øH Ðin€the€bedroom€30€feet€away,€never€heard€the€telephone.€€We€are€further€mystifiedÐ  l Ðby€testimony€that€Derek€slept€comfortably€throughout€the€night€notwithstandingÐ @  Ðthat€his€burns€were€severe€and€necessarily€painful.€Ð d´  Ðà ` àFather€contends€that€the€findings€and€holding€of€the€Union€County€CourtÐ ˆØ  Ðwill€be€òòres€judicataóó€on€both€the€Tennessee€and€Florida€Courts.€€We€agree€that€at€theÐ ¬ü Ðtermination€of€the€appeal€process€in€this€matter,€the€parties€will€be€precluded€fromÐ Ð  ÐÔ_ÔrelitigatingÔ_Ô€the€facts€before€the€court€in€this€matter€either€in€the€Florida€courts€orÐ ôD Ðthe€Tennessee€courts,€including€the€juvenile€court.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð h ÐÓæpÓÓ  Óà ` à€Father€submitted€to€the€jurisdiction€of€the€Union€County€Chancery€Court.€Ð <Œ ÐUnder€T.C.A.€ðð€36„6„213,€a€ð ðcustody€decree€rendered€by€a€court€of€this€state€whichÐ `° Ðhad€jurisdiction€under€36„6„203€binds€all€parties€€.€.€.€who€have€submitted€to€theÐ „ Ô Ðjurisdiction€of€the€court,€and€who€have€been€given€an€opportunity€to€be€heard.€€AsÐ ¨"ø Ðto€these€parties,€the€custody€decree€is€conclusive€as€to€all€issues€of€law€and€factÐ Ì$  Ðdecided€and€as€to€the€custody€determination€made€unless€and€until€thatÐ ð&@"  Ðdetermination€is€modified€pursuant€to€law,€including€the€provisions€of€this€part,Ð )d$" Ðissues€of€law€and€fact€decided€by€the€court.ðð€€òòSeeóó€òòBrown€v.€Brownóó,€847€S.W.2dÐ 8+ˆ&$ Ð496,€506€(Tenn.€1993).Ð \-¬(& ÐÓ  ÓÓÓÌÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔC.Ô_Ô€€Change€of€Custody€of€ChildÐ ’0â+) ÐÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓÓÌà ` àAfter€a€trial€court€has€determined€the€custody€which€is€in€the€best€interest€of€Ð È3/, Ðthe€child,€that€decree€is€ð ðòòres€judicataóó€and€is€conclusive€in€a€subsequent€applicationÐ ° Ðto€change€custody,€unless€some€new€fact€has€occurred€which€has€altered€theÐ Ô$ Ðcircumstances€in€a€material€way€so€that€the€welfare€of€the€child€requires€a€changeÐ øH Ðin€custody.ðð€€òòÔ_ÔNicholsÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔNicholsÔ_Ôóó,€792€S.W.2d€713,€715„716€(Tenn.€1990).Ð  l Ðà ` àThe€paramount€consideration€in€any€custody€proceeding€is€the€best€interestÐ @  Ðof€€the€child.€€When€the€issue€before€the€Court€is€whether€to€modify€a€prior€custodyÐ d´  Ðorder,€the€Court€does€not€need€to€repeat€the€comparative€fitness€analysis€that€isÐ ˆØ  Ðappropriate€at€the€time€of€the€original€custody€decree.€€òòSee€e.g.,€óóòòBah€v.€Bahóó,€€668Ð ¬ü ÐS.W.2d€663€(Tenn.€App.€1983).€€Instead,€in€a€modification€proceeding,€the€trialÐ Ð  Ðjudge€must€find€a€material€change€in€circumstances€that€is€compelling€enough€toÐ ôD Ðwarrant€the€dramatic€remedy€of€changed€custody.€€Moreover,€the€burden€is€on€theÐ h Ðnon„custodial€parent€to€prove€changed€circumstances.€òòÔ_ÔMusselmanÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔAcuffÔ_Ôóó,òòóó€826Ð <Œ ÐS.W.2d€920,€922€(Tenn.€App.€1991);€€òòÔ_ÔWoodardÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔWoodardÔ_Ôóó,€783€S.W.2d€188Ð `° Ð(Tenn.€App.€1989);€òòDailey€v.€Daileyóó,€635€S.W.2d€391€(Tenn.€App.€1981);€T.C.A.Ð „ Ô Ððð€36„6„101(a).€€Further,€the€burden€of€proof€for€establishing€a€ð ðmaterial€change€inÐ ¨"ø Ðcircumstancesðð€is€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence.€€T.C.A.€ðð€36„6„101(a)€(2).Ð Ì$  ÐÓ/€ÓÓ  Óà ` àIn€order€to€be€compelling€enough€to€warrant€the€dramatic€remedy€of€changedÐ ð&@"  Ðcustody,€the€change€of€circumstances€must€be€such€that€ð ðcontinuation€of€theÐ )d$" Ðadjudicated€custody€will€substantially€harm€the€child.ðð€òòWall€v.€Wallóó,€907€S.W.2dÐ 8+ˆ&$ Ð829,€834€(Tenn.€App.€1995)òòóó.€€When€the€requested€modification€is€based€on€theÐ \-¬(& Ðbehavior€of€the€custodial€parent,€such€behavior€must€clearly€posit€or€cause€dangerÐ €/Ð*( Ðto€the€mental€or€emotional€well„being€of€the€child.€€òòÔ_ÔMusselmanÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔAcuffÔ_Ôóó,€at€924.€Ð ¤1ô,* ÐWe€also€are€mindful€that€custody€decisions€should€not€be€designed€to€punish€oneÐ È3/, Ðâ âparent€or€to€reward€the€other.€€òòWall€v.€Wallóó,€907€S.W.2d€829,€834€(Tenn.€App.Ð ì5<1. Ð1995).€€Instead,€our€paramount€concern€remains€the€welfare€and€best€interest€of€theÐ ° Ðminor€child.€€òòIn€re€Parsonsóó,€914€S.W.2d€889,€893€(Tenn.€App.€1995).Ð Ô$ Ðâ âÓˆÓà ` àThis€court€has€discussed€ð ðchanged€circumstancesðð€as€follows:Ð øH ÐÓÓÓ  Óà0 ` àà ¸ àThis€decision€[regarding€custody]€is€not€changeable€except€forÐ  l Ðð ðchange€of€circumstancesðð€which€is€defined€as€that€which€requires€a€changeÐ . ~ Ðto€prevent€substantial€harm€to€the€child.€€Custody€is€not€changed€for€theÐ @  Ðwelfare€or€pleasure€of€either€parent€or€to€punish€either€parent,€but€to€preserveÐ R¢  Ðthe€welfare€of€the€child.€€Custody€is€not€changed€because€one€parent€is€ableÐ d´  Ðto€furnish€a€more€commodious€or€pleasant€environment€than€the€other,€butÐ vÆ  Ðwhere€continuation€of€the€adjudicated€custody€will€substantially€harm€theÐ ˆØ  Ðchild.€Ðšê ` $` $ ÐÓÓÌòòÓÓWall€v.€Wallóó,€907€S.W.2d€829,€834€(Tenn.€App€1995).Ð ¾ ÐÓ  Óà ` àCustody€and€visitation€arrangements€should€promote€the€development€of€aÐ â2 Ðhealthy€relationship€between€children€and€both€their€parents.€€òòÔ_ÔAabyÔ_Ô€v.€Strangeóó,€924Ð V ÐS.W.2d€623,€629€(Tenn.€1996);€òòTaylor€v.€Tayloróó,€849,€S.W.2d€319,€331„32€(Tenn.Ð *z Ð1993);€òòÔ_ÔVarleyÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔVarleyÔ_Ôóó,€934€S.W.2d€659,€668€(Tenn.€App.€1996).Ð Nž Ðà ` àUnfortunately,€the€relationship€between€Mother€and€her€family€and€FatherÐ r Ðand€his€family€has€been€rancorous€and€uncivilized€from€the€beginning.€€At€oralÐ –!æ Ðargument€of€this€case,€the€attorneys€stated€that€it€was€a€Hatfield€and€McCoy€feudÐ º#  Ðsituation€which€would€continue€until€Derek€reached€his€majority.€€Moreover,€theÐ Þ%.! Ðrecord€is€replete€with€evidence€demonstrating€that€Mother€and€her€family€continueÐ (R#! Ðtheir€acrimonious€deeds€against€father€and€his€family€as€to€Derek,€which€is€harmfulÐ &*v%# Ðto€him.€€The€Chancellor€minced€no€words€in€warning€mother€that€her€obstreperousÐ J,š'% Ðattitude€would€not€be€tolerated€because€it€was€inimical€to€Derekððs€welfare,€and€thatÐ n.¾)' ÐFather€would€be€awarded€permanent,€exclusive€custody€if€she€persisted€in€herÐ ’0â+) Ðcontrariety.€€Mother€would€be€well€advised€to€heed€the€Chancellorððs€warning€thatÐ ¶2.+ Ðhe€expected€the€visitation€schedule€to€honored.Ð Ú4*0- Ðà ` àIn€addressing€the€question€of€a€change€of€circumstance€which€would€warrantÐ þ6N2/ Ðchange€of€custody€in€this€case,€we€first€note€that€Mother€concedes€that€since€theÐ "9r41 ÐCourtððs€last€ruling€on€the€custody€question,€the€only€change€of€circumstance€is€theÐ ° Ðincident€involving€the€child€being€burned:Ð Ô$ ÐÓUÓÓ  ÓÓÓCross€Examination€by€Mr.€Gibson:Ð øH ÐÓ  ÓÌÓ  Óà0 ` àà ¸ àQà  àSince€the€last€time€we€were€here€in€court,€this€unfortunateÐ l` $` $ ÐÓ†˜ÓÓ™Óà0 ` àincident€is€the€only€change€in€the€circumstances€thatððs€happened;€is€thatÐ . ~ Ðtrue?Ð@ ` $` $ ÐÓ!™Óà0 ` àà ¸ àA.à  àYes.ÐR¢ ` $` $ ÐÓÓÓ  ÓÌà ` àThe€extensive€investigation€made€by€the€law€enforcement€authorities€in€Ð ˆØ  ÐFlorida€criminally€exonerated€Father,׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€the€Chancellor€specifically€found€thatÐ ¬ü Ðat€most€he€was€guilty€of€negligence.€€In€order€to€change€custody,€a€trial€court€mustÐ Ð  Ðfind€ð ða€material€change€in€circumstances€that€is€compelling€enough€to€warrant€theÐ ôD Ðdramatic€remedy€of€changed€custody.ðð€€òòÔ_ÔMusselmanÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔAcuffÔ_Ôóó,€826€S.W.2d€920,€922Ð h Ð(Tenn.€App.€1991).€€It€is€clear€that€in€making€this€evaluation,€a€trial€court€has€wideÐ <Œ Ðdiscretion.€€òòGrant€v.€Grantóó,€286€S.W.2d€349,€350€(Tenn.€App.€1954).€€ð ð(W)hen€theÐ `° Ðactivities€of€a€parent€involve€neglect€of€the€children,€such€neglect€may€beÐ „ Ô Ðconsidered€in€relation€to€the€best€interest€of€the€children.ðð€€òòÔ_ÔMimmsÔ_Ô€Ô_Ôv.MimmsÔ_Ôóó,€780Ð ¨"ø ÐS.W.2d€739,€745€(Tenn.€App.€1989).Ð Ì$  Ðà ` àThe€Chancellor€has€endured€these€warring€parties€for€years,€and€hisÐ ð&@"  Ðempirical€judgment€as€to€the€welfare€of€the€child€is€entitled€to€great€deference.€Ð )d$" ÐWhile€the€Father€argues€that€he€should€not€be€divested€of€custody€on€the€basis€ofÐ 8+ˆ&$ Ðone€isolated€act€of€negligence,€the€circumstances€of€the€scalding€of€Derek€portendÐ \-¬(& Ðotherwise.Ð €/Ð*( Ðûÿÿdûà ` àüÿÿdüNeither€are€we€inclined€to€interfere€with€the€visitation€schedule€which€isÐ ¤1ô,* Ðadmittedly€somewhat€unusual.€€Before€the€scalding€episode€Derekððs€primaryÐ È3/, Ðphysical€custody€was€reposed€in€his€father,€with€reasonable€visitation€privilegesÐ ° Ðawarded€to€mother;€thereafter,€the€Chancellor€essentially€transposed€the€awards€ofÐ Ô$ Ðcustody€and€visitation.€€It€is€apparent€that€with€the€advent€of€schooling€of€Derek€theÐ øH ÐChancellor€will€consider€the€circumstances€then€existing€and€order€whatever€actionÐ  l Ðis€deemed€necessary€to€protect€his€interests€and€further€his€welfare.Ð @  Ðà ` àThe€judgment€of€the€Chancellor€is€in€all€things€affirmed.€€Costs€areÐ d´  Ðapportioned€equally.€€Implementation€of€the€order€entered€in€this€case€is€stayedÐ ˆØ  Ðpending€finality€or€as€otherwise€ordered€by€the€Supreme€Court.Ð ¬ü ÐÌÓ-šÓÓÓÓ€ (5h83Óà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à_______________________________Ð ôD Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àWilliam€H.€Inman,€Senior€JudgeÐ V ÐCONCUR:Ð h ÐÌÌÌ_______________________________Ð `° ÐCharles€D.€Susano,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ r ÐÌÌÌ_______________________________Ð º#  ÐHouston€M.€Goddard,€Presiding€JudgeÐ Ì$  ÐÌÌ