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B)"˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ kUlm£n o p q rsÓ€}DÒ 3|x}2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d 7Border 1dd€-!Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial îÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€#ÔÔ€#ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€#XÔÌÌSeptember€6,€1996ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝPlaintiff€concedes€that€she€was€fully€aware€that€Dr.€Owens€was€making€these€movies€andÏpictures,€but€argues€that€she€did€not€formally€consent€to€them.€Ì !Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÓ ` Ü` N ˜X ÓThe€jury€returned€a€verdict€in€favor€of€Dr.€Owens€as€to€outrageous€conduct€and€intentionalÏinfliction€of€emotional€distress.€Ì ÄÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÓ ` Ü` × ˜X ÓIn€her€Second€Amended€Complaint,€Plaintiff€alleges€a€violation€of€Tennesseeððs€criminalÏextortion€law,€T.C.A.€ðð€39„14„112,€as€€the€underlying€ð ðunlawfulðð€act€of€Defendantsðð€civilÏconspiracy.€€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„14„112€provides€in€pertinent€part:€€ÌÌà à(a)€A€person€commits€extortion€who€uses€coercion€upon€another€person€with€the€intent€to:Ìà àà à(1)€Obtain€property,€services,€any€advantage€or€immunity;€€orÌà àà à(2)€Restrict€unlawfully€another's€freedom€of€action.Ìà à(b)€It€is€an€affirmative€defense€to€prosecution€for€extortion€that€the€person€reasonably€claimed:Ìà àà à(1)€Appropriate€restitution€or€appropriate€indemnification€for€harm€done;€€orÌà àà à(2)€Appropriate€compensation€for€property€or€lawful€services.ÌÌT.C.A.€ðð€39„14„112€(1991).€€There€is€some€confusion€in€this€case€as€to€whether€Plaintiff€isÏattempting€to€recover€civilly€for€a€violation€of€this€criminal€statute.€€It€does€not€appear€to€this€CourtÏthat€Plaintiff€contends€that€Defendants€are€civilly€liable€to€Plaintiff€solely€for€their€alleged€violationÏof€the€extortion€statute.€€Instead,€it€appears€that€Plaintiff€is€attempting€to€recover€for€DefendantsððÏcivil€conspiracy,€which€was€based€upon€Defendantsðð€concerted€acts€of€extortion.€€ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò++++'ÿÿdxd d("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€X„d&ÓÑ#€Xd#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓ` Ü` p”XÓÑ\R AØ'\Ñà@ àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEE,€WESTERN€SECTIONÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌà@ à_______________________________________________________ÌÌó óà à)ò òÌAFSOON€VAFAIE€(formerlyó óà à)à àDavidson€County€Circuit€CourtÌò òJANE€DOE),ó óà à)à àNo.€92C„1642Ìà à)Ì€€€€€Plaintiff/Appellant.à à)Ìà à)ÌVS.à à)à àC.€A.€No.€01A01„9510„CV„00472ÌÙ€€ÙÙ€€ÙßL€"$!;+'h|JþÀ` ç `€€Lßà à)Ìò òWALTER€R.€OWENS,€III€andó óà à)Ìò òwife,€CHERYL€ROBERTS€OWENSó ó,à à)Ìà à)Ì€€€€€Defendants/Appellees.à à)Ìà à)Ì______________________________________________________________________________ÌÌFrom€the€Circuit€Court€of€Davidson€County€at€Nashville.Ìò òHonorable€Barbara€N.€Haynes,€Judge€ó óÌÌÌÌò òLee€Ofmanó ó,€Franklin,€Tennessee€ÌAttorney€for€Plaintiff/Appellant.ÌÌÌÌò òRobert€L.€Trenthamó ó,Ìò òMark€Tyler€Seitzó ó,ÌTRABUE,€STURDIVANT€&€DeWITT,€Nashville,€TennesseeÌAttorney€for€Defendants/Appellees.ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:ÌÌò òREVERSED€IN€PART,€AFFIRMED€IN€PART€AND€REMANDEDÌÌÌà àFARMER,€J.ÌÌÌÌCRAWFORD,€P.J.,€W.S€ó ó:€(Concurs)Ìò òHIGHERS,€J.€ó ó:€(Concurs)ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓÓÓ  ÓÓ` Ü` ˜XÓà àIn€this€case,€Plaintiff„Appellant,€Dr.€Afsoon€Vafaie€Elmore,€appeals€the€trial€courtððsÏgrant€of€summary€judgment€to€Defendant„Appellee,€Dr.€Walter€R.€Owens,€III,€with€respect€toÏPlaintiffððs€claims€against€Dr.€Owens€for€assault,€malicious€harassment€and€civil€conspiracy.€ÏPlaintiff€also€appeals€the€trial€courtððs€grant€of€summary€judgment€to€Defendant„Appellee,€CherylÏRoberts€Owens€as€to€Plaintiffððs€claims€against€Mrs.€Owens€for€assault,€malicious€harassment,Ïoutrageous€conduct€and€civil€conspiracy.€€Plaintiff€further€appeals€certain€evidentiary€rulings€madeÏby€the€trial€court€during€the€course€of€Plaintiffððs€jury€trial€against€Dr.€Owens€in€which€the€PlaintiffÏsought€to€recover€damages€for€severe€emotional€distress,€arising€from€the€alleged€outrageousÏconduct€of€Dr.€Owens.€€ÌÌà àThe€following€facts€are€undisputed:€In€1985,€while€Plaintiff€was€attending€dentalÏschool,€Dr.€Owens€employed€Plaintiff€as€a€dental€assistant€at€his€business,€American€DentalÏCenters,€P.C.€(American€Dental).€€Later€that€same€year,€Plaintiff€and€Dr.€Owens,€both€single€at€theÏtime,€became€romantically€involved.€€When€Plaintiff€earned€her€license€to€practice€dentistry€inÏ1987,€she€began€to€work€as€a€dentist€at€American€Dental.€€ÌÌà àSometime€around€1986€or€1987,€Dr.€Owens€started€taking€pictures€and€videotape€ofÏPlaintiff€and€himself€engaged€in€various€sexual€acts.× ƒ% ××  ×€€Around€1990,€their€romantic€relationshipÏsoured€and,€in€June€of€1990,€their€business€relationship€ended€when€Plaintiff€left€Dr.€OwensððÏclinic€and€became€self„employed.€€After€their€business€relationship€ended,€the€parties€began€toÍargue€about€who€was€responsible€for€certain€debts€incurred€during€the€course€of€their€business€andÏpersonal€relationship.€€The€three€major€items€of€dispute€concerned€liability€for€(1)€a€bank€note€for€aÏMercedes„Benz€automobile,€purchased€by€the€Plaintiff,€upon€which€Dr.€Owens€was€a€cosigner;€(2)Ïa€lab€bill€for€$700,€resulting€from€the€loss€of€a€temporary€bridge,€which€had€been€ordered€byÏPlaintiff;€and€(3)€an€Internal€Revenue€Service€assessment€of€approximately€$13,000,€arising€fromÏan€underpayment€of€Plaintiffððs€income€taxes€while€she€was€working€at€American€Dental.ÌÌà àIn€February,€1991,€Plaintiff€married€Joe€Elmore,€and€in€March€of€1991,€Dr.€OwensÏmarried€Cheryl€Roberts.€€In€July,€1992,€Plaintiff€brought€this€lawsuit€under€the€pseudonym€ofÏð ðJane€Doeðð€against€Dr.€and€Mrs.€Owens,€alleging€that€Dr.€and€Mrs.€Owens€were€attempting€toÏcoerce€Plaintiff€into€paying€the€disputed€debts€by€threatening€to€expose€sexually€explicit€pictures€ofÏPlaintiff€to€Plaintiffððs€husband,€neighbors€and€friends.€€She€alleged€that€in€June€of€1991,ÏDefendants€mailed€an€envelope€to€her€home,€which€contained€photocopies€of€six€pictures€of€Dr.ÏOwens€and€Plaintiff€engaged€in€sexual€activity.€€Plaintiff€further€alleged€that€prior€to€and€after€theÏmailing€of€the€envelope€to€her,€Defendants€had€continually€threatened€to€expose€the€pictures€toÏothers.€€€€€ÌÌà àPlaintiff€alleged€that€both€Defendants€and€American€Dental€were€liable€to€her€for€herÏinjuries,€pain€and€suffering,€psychological€injuries,€severe€emotional€distress,€humiliation€andÏembarrassment,€loss€of€pay,€loss€of€income,€and€medical€expenses€experienced€as€a€result€ofÏDefendantsðð€outrageous€conduct,€intentional€infliction€of€emotional€distress,€negligence€òòò òper€seó óóó€andÏextortion.€€ÌÌà àIn€response€to€Plaintiffððs€original€complaint,€Defendants€and€American€DentalÏmoved€to€dismiss€for€failure€to€state€a€cause€of€action€under€Rule€12.02€T.R.C.P.€and€for€failure€toÏinclude€the€name€of€the€plaintiff€under€Rule€10.01€T.R.C.P.€€Following€a€hearing€on€bothÏmotions,€the€trial€court€dismissed€Plaintiffððs€claims€against€American€Dental€and€ordered€theÍPlaintiff€to€substitute€her€legal€name€for€ð ðJane€Doe.ðð€€ÌÌà àPlaintiff€filed€an€Amended€Complaint€that€inserted€her€legal€name€as€the€plaintiff.€ÏAfter€substantial€discovery,€Plaintiff€sought€to€further€amend€her€Amended€Complaint€to€allegeÏcivil€assault,€malicious€harassment€in€violation€of€T.C.A.€ðð€5„21„701,€and€civil€conspiracy.€€TheÏmotion€was€granted€and€Plaintiffððs€Second€Amended€Complaint€was€filed€on€July€5,€1994.€€ÌÌà àDefendants€moved€for€summary€judgment€as€to€all€counts€of€Plaintiffððs€SecondÏAmended€Complaint.€€The€trial€court€granted€summary€judgment€on€all€counts€in€favor€of€€Mrs.ÏOwens€and€granted€summary€judgment€in€favor€of€Dr.€Owens€on€all€counts€except€outrageousÏconduct€and€intentional€infliction€of€emotional€distress.€ÌÌà àThe€case€went€to€trial€on€the€issue€of€whether€Dr.€Owens€was€liable€to€Plaintiff€forÏoutrageous€conduct€and€intentional€infliction€of€emotional€distress.€€The€jury€returned€a€verdict€inÏfavor€of€Dr.€Owens.Ì€Ìà àPlaintiff€has€presented€the€following€issues€for€our€review:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àI.€€Whether€or€not€the€trial€court€properly€dismissed€allÏcounts€of€the€Second€Amended€Complaint€as€to€Defendant€CherylÏRoberts€Owens€and€all€counts€except€Count€3€as€to€Walter€R.ÏOwens,€III,€upon€Defendantsðð€motion€for€summary€judgment.ÌÌà8 àà àII.€€Whether€or€not€Rule€408,€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence,Ïproperly€excluded€Plaintiffððs€letter€to€Defendant€dated€June€22,Ï1992.ÌÌà8 àà àIII.€€Whether€or€not€Rule€408,€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence,Ïproperly€excluded€two€letters€written€by€Defendantsðð€attorney,€ClarkÏTidwell,€to€Plaintiffððs€attorney€on€August€24€and€August€26,€1992.ÌÌà8 àà àIV.€€Whether€or€not€the€trial€court€properly€admitted€intoÏevidence€the€transcriptions€of€the€video€film.ÌÌà8 àà àV.€€Whether€the€trial€court€properly€admitted€evidence€of€twoÏsexual€encounters€with€men€other€than€Defendant€and€whether€theÍcourt€properly€admitted€evidence€of€two€abortions.€€ÓÓÌÌà àAs€her€first€issue,€Plaintiff€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€granting€summaryÏjudgment€to€Dr.€Owens€with€respect€to€Plaintiffððs€claims€for€assault,€malicious€harassment€andÏcivil€conspiracy.€€Plaintiff€further€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€granting€summary€judgment€inÏfavor€of€Mrs.€Owens€in€respect€to€Plaintiffððs€claims€for€assault,€malicious€harassment,€outrageousÏconduct€and€civil€conspiracy.€€ÌÌà àWe€begin€our€review€by€noting€that€a€trial€court€should€grant€a€motion€for€summaryÏjudgment€only€if€the€movant€demonstrates€that€there€are€no€genuine€issues€of€material€fact€and€thatÏthe€moving€party€is€entitled€to€judgment€as€a€matter€of€law.€€Rule€56.03€T.R.C.P.;€òòò òByrd€v.€Halló óóó,Ï847€S.W.2d€208,€210€(Tenn.€1993);€òòò òDunn€v.€Hackettó óóó,€833€S.W.2d€78,€80€(Tenn.€App.€1992).€€ÌÌà àWhen€a€motion€for€summary€judgment€is€made,€the€court€must€consider€the€motionÏin€the€same€manner€as€a€motion€for€directed€verdict€made€at€the€close€of€the€plaintiff€ððs€proof,€thatÏis,€the€ð ðcourt€must€take€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€nonmovingÏparty,€allow€all€reasonable€inferences€in€favor€of€that€party,€and€discard€all€countervailingÏevidence."€ò òòòByrd,óóó ó€847€S.W.2d€at€210„11.€€In€òòò òByrdó óóó,€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€stated:ÌÒ ° ÒÒ ` ÒÌÓÓà0 àOnce€it€is€shown€by€the€moving€party€that€there€is€no€genuine€issueÏof€material€fact,€the€nonmoving€party€must€then€demonstrate,€byÏaffidavits€or€discovery€materials,€that€there€is€a€genuine,€material€factÏdispute€to€warrant€a€trial.€[citations€omitted].€€In€this€regard,€RuleÏ56.05€provides€that€the€nonmoving€party€cannot€simply€rely€uponÏhis€pleadings€but€must€set€forth€òòò òspecific€factsó óóó€showing€that€there€is€aÏgenuine€issue€of€material€fact€for€trial.ÌÌÌÌÓÓò òòòId.óóó ó€at€211€(emphasis€in€original).€€ÌÒ ° ÒÒ ° ÒÌà àThe€summary€judgment€process€should€only€be€used€as€a€means€of€concluding€aÍcase€when€there€are€no€genuine€issues€of€material€fact,€and€the€case€can€be€resolved€on€the€legalÏissues€alone.€€ò òòòId.óóó ó€at€210€(citingòòò ò€Bellamy€v.€Federal€Express€Corp.ó óóó,€749€S.W.2d€31,€33€(Tenn.Ï1988)).ÌÌà àIn€counts€one€and€two€of€her€Second€Amended€Complaint,€Plaintiff€alleged€that€Dr.Ïand€Mrs.€Owens€were€liable€to€her€for€assault.€€The€criminal€offense€of€assault€is€codified€atÏT.C.A.€ðð€39„13„101.€€Under€the€modern€criminal€statute,€a€person€commits€an€assault€who:€(1)Ïintentionally,€knowingly€or€recklessly€causes€bodily€injury€to€another;€€(2)€intentionally€orÏknowingly€causes€another€to€reasonably€fear€imminent€bodily€injury;€€or€(3)€intentionally€orÏknowingly€causes€physical€contact€with€another€and€a€reasonable€person€would€regard€the€contactÏas€extremely€offensive€or€provocative.€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„101€(1991).€€ÌÌà àThe€criminal€statute€does€not€provide€for€a€private€cause€of€action.€€Therefore,€toÏlocate€the€elements€of€the€civil€cause€of€action€for€assault,€one€has€to€look€to€Tennessee€commonÏlaw.€€At€common€law,€assault€was€defined€as€ð ðany€act€tending€to€do€corporal€injury€to€another,Ïaccompanied€with€such€circumstances€as€denote€at€the€time€an€intention,€coupled€with€the€presentÏability,€of€using€actual€violence€against€that€person.ðð€€òòò òHuffman€v.€Stateó óóó,€292€S.W.2d€738,€200ÏTenn.€487€(Tenn.€1956)€(overruled€on€other€grounds€by€òòò òState€v.€Irvinóóó ó,€603€S.W.2d€121€(Tenn.Ï1980));€òòò òCasey€v.€Stateó óóó,€491€S.W.2d€90€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1972).ÌÌà àIn€the€instant€case,€Plaintiff€alleged€in€an€affidavit,€filed€in€opposition€toÏDefendantððs€motion€for€summary€judgment,€that€Dr.€Owens€threatened€the€Plaintiff€by€telling€herÏð ðthat€he€would€have€[her]€ððrubbed€out€by€a€Teamster€memberðð€ðð;€that€Plaintiff€should€watch€whereÏshe€goes€and€look€behind€the€bushes€and€stay€in€public€places;€ð ðthat€[Mrs.€Owensðð]€mentalÏpatients/clients€were€liable€to€do€anything€and€owed€[Mrs.€Owens]€a€lot€of€favors€and€would€doÏanything€[Mrs.€Owens]€told€them€to€do.ððÌÌà àEven€if€the€Plaintiffððs€allegations€are€true,€we€do€not€believe€that,€as€a€matter€of€law,Ïshe€has€presented€sufficient€facts€to€state€a€cause€of€action€for€assault€against€the€Defendants.€ÏAccording€to€Plaintiffððs€affidavit,€the€alleged€threats€were€always€threats€of€future€harm,€and€wereÏnot€threats€of€immediate€or€imminent€harm.€€In€no€instance,€were€the€threats€ð ðcoupled€with€theÏpresent€ability€to€act,ðð€or,€to€borrow€the€words€of€the€criminal€statute,€there€was€never€a€threat€ofÏð ðimminent€bodily€injury.ðð€€As€such,€we€do€not€believe€that€the€allegations€contained€in€PlaintiffððsÏaffidavit€state€a€cause€of€action€for€assault.€€Accordingly,€we€hold€that€the€trial€court€properlyÏgranted€summary€judgment€to€both€Defendants€as€to€the€counts€for€assault.€€€€€€€€ÌÌà àIn€counts€three€and€four€of€her€Second€Amended€Complaint,€Plaintiff€alleged€thatÏDefendantsðð€actions€constituted€€outrageous€conduct€and€intentional€infliction€of€emotional€distress.€ÏThe€trial€court€granted€summary€judgment€in€favor€of€€Mrs.€Owens€on€the€claim€of€outrageousÏconduct€while€holding€that€summary€judgment€was€not€appropriate€for€Dr.€Owens€on€the€sameÏclaim.× ƒ& ××  ×€€Plaintiff€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred.€€We€agree€and€reverse€the€trial€courtððs€ruling.€€ÌÌà àA€cause€of€action€for€outrageous€conduct€was€first€recognized€in€this€jurisdiction€inÏòòò òMedlin€v.€Allied€Inv.€Coó óóó.,€217€Tenn.€469,€398€S.W.2d€270€(1966).€€In€òòò òMedlinó óóó,€the€Court,Ïadopting€the€rule€as€expressed€in€the€Restatement€(Second)€of€Torts€ðð€46,€stated:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àThese€factors€are€set€out€in€the€Restatement€of€Torts€(2d),ÏSec.€46,€"Outrageous€Conduct€Causing€Severe€Emotional€Distress".€€ÌÌà8 àð ð(1)€One€who€by€extreme€and€outrageous€conduct€intentionally€orÏrecklessly€causes€severe€emotional€distress€to€another€is€subject€toÏliability€for€such€emotional€distress,€and€if€bodily€harm€results€fromÏit,€for€such€bodily€harm."€€ÌÌà8 àà àClarification€of€this€statement€is€found€in€the€followingÏcomment:ÌÌ€à8 àð ðd.€€òòExtreme€and€Outrageous€Conductóó.€€The€cases€thus€far€decidedÏhave€found€liability€only€where€the€defendantððs€conduct€has€beenÏextreme€and€outrageous.€€It€has€not€been€enough€that€the€defendantÏhas€acted€with€an€intent€which€is€tortious€or€even€criminal,€or€that€heÏhas€intended€to€inflict€emotional€distress,€or€even€that€his€conduct€isÏcharacterized€by€'malice',€or€a€degree€of€aggravation€which€wouldÏentitle€the€plaintiff€to€punitive€damages€for€another€tort.€€Liability€hasÏbeen€found€only€where€the€conduct€has€been€so€outrageous€inÏcharacter,€and€so€extreme€in€degree,€as€to€go€beyond€all€bounds€ofÏdecency,€and€to€be€regarded€as€atrocious,€and€utterly€untolerable€in€aÏcivilized€community.€€Generally,€the€case€is€one€in€which€theÏrecitation€of€the€facts€to€an€average€member€of€the€community€wouldÏarouse€his€resentment€against€the€actor,€and€lead€him€to€exclaim,Ï'Outrageous.'ððÌÌÌò òòòÌMedlinóóó ó,€398€S.W.2d€at€274.ÌÌÓÓÌà àPursuant€to€òòò òMedlinó óóó,€liability€for€the€tort€of€"outrageous€conduct"€exists€only€whereÏ(1)€the€conduct€of€the€defendants€has€been€so€outrageous€in€character,€and€so€extreme€in€degree,€asÏto€be€beyond€the€pale€of€decency,€and€to€be€regarded€as€atrocious€and€utterly€intolerable€in€aÏcivilized€society,€and€(2)€the€conduct€results€in€serious€mental€injury.€€òòò òId.;€Swallows€v.€WesternÏElec.€Co.,€Incó óóó.,€543€S.W.2d€581,€582€(Tenn.€1976);€òòò òDunn€v.€Moto€Photo,€Incó óóó.,€828€S.W.2dÏ747,€752€€(Tenn.€App.€1991).€€Liability€for€the€tort€does€not€extend€to€mere€insults,€indignities,Ïthreats,€annoyances,€petty€oppression,€or€other€trivialities.€€òòò òSwallows,€óóó ó543€S.W.2d€at€583„83.€€ÌÌà àIt€is€the€trial€courtððs€responsibility€to€determine,€in€the€first€instance,€whether€theÏdefendantððs€conduct€as€a€matter€of€law€is€so€extreme€and€outrageous€as€to€permit€recovery.€Ïòòò òAlexander€v.€Inmanó óóó,€825€S.W.2d€102,€105€(Tenn.€App.€1991)€(citingò òòò€Medlin,€óóó ó398€S.W.2d€atÏ275)ò òòò.€Ìóóó óà àÌà àIn€her€affidavit€filed€in€opposition€to€Defendantsðð€motions€for€summary€judgment,ÏPlaintiff€alleged€that€Defendants€worked€in€tandem€to€coerce€her€to€pay€the€disputed€debts.€€SheÏalleged€that€both€Defendants€sent€her€pictures€through€the€mail€and€that€they€both€threatened€toÍexpose€the€pictures€to€her€husband€if€she€did€not€comply€with€their€demands.€€In€addition,€sheÏalleged€that€Mrs.€Owens€threatened€to€call€Joe€Elmore,€Plaintiffððs€husband€and€tell€him€thatÏPlaintiff€had€been€sleeping€with€Dr.€Owens€while€Plaintiff€and€her€husband€were€dating.€€PlaintiffÏfurther€alleged€that€both€Defendantsðð€actions€had€caused€her€severe€emotional€distress,€humiliation,Ïpsychological€injuries€and€embarrassment.€€ÌÌà àGiven€that€Plaintiff€alleged€that€Mrs.€Owens€was€complicit€in€all€of€Dr.€OwensððÏactions€that€resulted€in€Plaintiffððs€damages,€it€is€difficult€to€see€how€the€trial€court€could€haveÏdismissed€Plaintiffððs€cause€of€action€against€Mrs.€Owens€while€allowing€the€same€claim€to€go€toÏthe€jury€in€regard€to€Dr.€Owens.€€ÌÌà àNotwithstanding€the€fact€that€the€jury€found€Dr.€Owens€not€liable€for€outrageousÏconduct,€this€Court€finds€that€reasonable€minds€might€differ€as€to€whether€the€acts€of€Mrs.€OwensÏwere€sufficiently€egregious€to€sustain€a€cause€of€action€for€outrageous€conduct.€€Consequently,€weÏreverse€the€trial€courts€grant€of€summary€judgment€in€respect€to€Plaintiffððs€claim€of€outrageousÏconduct€against€Mrs.€Owens.€€ÌÌà àIn€counts€five€and€six€of€her€Second€Amended€Complaint,€Plaintiff€alleged€that€theÏDefendants€were€liable€to€her€for€malicious€harassment€in€violation€of€T.C.A.€ðð€4„21„701.€€€ÌÌà àUnder€T.C.A.€ðð€4„21„701:€€ÌÌÓÓà8 àà à(a)€In€addition€to€the€criminal€penalty€provided€in€Sec.Ï39„17„313€[repealed],€there€is€hereby€created€a€civil€cause€of€actionÏfor€malicious€harassment.Ìà8 àà à(b)€A€person€may€be€liable€to€the€victim€of€maliciousÏharassment€for€both€special€and€general€damages,€including,€but€notÏlimited€to,€damages€for€emotional€distress,€reasonable€attorney'sÏfees€and€costs,€and€punitive€damages.ÌÌÌÌÓÓT.C.A.€ðð€4„21„701€(Supp.€1995).€€This€statute€has€a€short,€but€clouded€history.€€In€1990,€theÏstatute€was€enacted€and€contained€a€cross„reference€to€39„17„313€(1991).€€In€1990,€T.C.A.€ðð€37„13„313€was€repealed€by€the€legislature€and€the€crime€of€malicious€harassment€was€recodified€atÏT.C.A.€ðð€37„17„309.€€ò ò1990€Tenn.€Pub.€Acts€ch.€984€ðð€2.ó ó€€In€the€1991€replacement€volume€ofÏVolume€2A€of€the€Tennessee€Code€the€cross„reference€was€changed€to€T.C.A.€ðð€39„17„309.€ÏHowever,€in€the€1993€supplement€to€Volume€2A€of€the€Tennessee€Code,€the€cross„reference€wasÏreturned€to€ð ðSec.€€39„17„313€[repealed].ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€4„21„701€(Supp.€1993).€€The€CodeÏCommission€included€the€following€note€in€the€1993€supplement:ÌÌÓÓà8 àThis€section€originally€contained€a€reference€to€ðð€39„17„313.€€DuringÏthe€1991€replacement€of€Volume€2A€the€publisher€was€instructed€toÏchange€the€reference€from€ðð€39„17„313€to€ðð€39„17„309€since€ðð€39„17„313€was€repealed;€however,€that€instruction€has€been€supersededÏand€the€section€returned€to€the€original€language.€ÌÌÌÌÓÓT.C.A.€ðð€4„21„701€(Supp.€1993).€€Consequently,€it€is€unclear€whether€the€legislature€intended€thatÏa€private€cause€of€action€exists€in€Tennessee€for€the€criminal€act€of€malicious€harassment€as€definedÏin€T.C.A.€ðð€39„17„309.€€òòò òSee€Young€v.€State€Farm€Mut.€Auto.€Ins.€Co.ó óóó,€868€F.€Supp.€937,€942Ï(W.D.€Tenn.€1994)€(noting€that€a€question€exists€as€to€what€section€of€the€Tennessee€criminal€codeÏprovides€a€civil€remedy€for€malicious€harassment).€However,€we€do€not€think€it€necessary€toÏaddress€this€issue€because€we€find€that€Plaintiff€has€failed€to€state€a€cause€of€action€under€theÏunderlying€malicious€harassment€statute,€T.C.A.€ðð€39„17„309.€€ÌÌà àT.C.A.€ðð€39„17„313€was€replaced€by€ðð€39„17„309,€which€went€into€effect€on€AprilÏ12,€1990.€ò ò€1990€Tenn.€Pub.€Acts€ch.€984€ðð€2ó ó.€Thus,€T.C.A.€ðð€39„17„309€was€in€effect€almost€aÏyear€prior€to€the€acts€of€Defendants€alleged€in€Plaintiffððs€complaint.€€€T.C.A.€39„17„309€provides:€ÌÌÓÓà8 àà à(a)€The€general€assembly€finds€and€declares€that€it€is€the€rightÏof€every€person€regardless€of€race,€color,€ancestry,€religion€orÏnational€origin,€to€be€secure€and€protected€from€fear,€intimidation,Íharassment€and€bodily€injury€caused€by€the€activities€of€groups€andÏindividuals.€€It€is€not€the€intent€of€this€section€to€interfere€with€theÏexercise€of€rights€protected€by€the€constitution€of€the€United€States.€ÏThe€general€assembly€recognizes€the€constitutional€right€of€everyÏcitizen€to€harbor€and€express€beliefs€on€any€subject€whatsoever€andÏto€associate€with€others€who€share€similar€beliefs.€€The€generalÏassembly€further€finds€that€the€advocacy€of€unlawful€acts€by€groupsÏor€individuals€against€other€persons€or€groups€for€the€purpose€ofÏinciting€and€provoking€damage€to€property€and€bodily€injury€orÏdeath€to€persons€is€not€constitutionally€protected,€poses€a€threat€toÏpublic€order€and€safety,€and€should€be€subject€to€criminal€sanctions.Ìà8 àà à(b)€A€person€commits€the€offense€of€intimidating€others€fromÏexercising€civil€rights€who:Ìà8 àà à(1)€Injures€or€threatens€to€injure€or€coerces€another€personÏwith€the€intent€to€unlawfully€intimidate€another€from€the€freeÏexercise€or€enjoyment€of€any€right€or€privilege€secured€by€theÏconstitution€or€laws€of€the€state€of€Tennessee;Ìà8 àà à(2)€Injures€or€threatens€to€injure€or€coerces€another€personÏwith€the€intent€to€unlawfully€intimidate€another€because€that€otherÏexercised€any€right€or€privilege€secured€by€the€constitution€or€lawsÏof€the€United€States€or€the€constitution€or€laws€of€the€state€ofÏTennessee;Ìà8 àà à(3)€Damages,€destroys€or€defaces€any€real€or€personalÏproperty€of€another€person€with€the€intent€to€unlawfully€intimidateÏanother€from€the€free€exercise€or€enjoyment€of€any€right€or€privilegeÏsecured€by€the€constitution€or€laws€of€the€state€of€Tennessee;€orÌà8 àà à(4)€Damages,€destroys€or€defaces€any€real€or€personalÏproperty€of€another€person€with€the€intent€to€unlawfully€intimidateÏanother€because€that€other€exercised€any€right€or€privilege€securedÏby€the€constitution€or€laws€of€the€United€States€or€the€constitution€orÏlaws€of€the€state€of€Tennessee.Ìà8 àà à(c)€It€is€an€offense€for€a€person€to€wear€a€mask€or€disguiseÏwith€the€intent€to€violate€subsection€(b).Ìà8 àà à(d)€A€violation€of€subsection€(b)€is€a€Class€D€felony.€€AÏviolation€of€subsection€(c)€is€a€Class€A€misdemeanor.Ìà8 àà à(e)€The€penalties€provided€in€this€section€for€intimidatingÏothers€from€exercising€civil€rights€do€not€preclude€victims€fromÏseeking€any€other€remedies,€criminal€or€civil,€otherwise€availableÏunder€law.ÌÌÌÌÓÓT.C.A.€39„17„309€(1991).€€€ÌÌà àClearly,€Plaintiff€has€failed€to€state€a€cause€of€action€under€this€statute.€€T.C.A.€ððÏ39„17„309€contains€language€indicating€a€purpose€of€protection€from€serious€injury€or€threat€ofÏinjury€against€a€party€for€exercising€his€or€her€civil€rights.€€Plaintiff€does€not€allege€in€her€complaintÏor€in€her€affidavit€filed€in€opposition€to€Defendantððs€motion€for€summary€judgment€thatÍDefendantsðð€actions€were€intended€to€prevent€her€from€exercising€any€one€of€her€civil€rights€norÏhas€she€alleged€that€Defendantsðð€actions€were€motivated€by€anything€other€than€their€desire€that€sheÏaccept€liability€for€the€disputed€debts.€€As€such,€Defendantsðð€alleged€conduct€does€not€amount€to€anÏinjury€or€a€threat€of€injury€or€coercion€as€contemplated€by€the€statute.€€Consequently,€we€hold€thatÏthe€trial€court€properly€dismissed€Plaintiffððs€claims€for€malicious€harassment€against€both€Dr.ÏOwens€and€Mrs.€Owens.Ô  ÔÌà àÌà àIn€count€seven€of€her€Second€Amended€Complaint,€Plaintiff€alleges€thatÏDefendantsðð€acts€constitute€a€civil€conspiracy.€€Under€Tennessee€law,€a€civil€conspiracy€is€aÏ"combination€between€two€or€more€persons€to€accomplish€by€concert€an€unlawful€purpose,€or€toÏaccomplish€a€purpose€not€in€itself€unlawful€by€unlawful€means."€€òòò òKirksey€v.€Overton€Pub,€Incó óóó.,Ï739€S.W.2d€230,€236€(Tenn.€App.€1987)€(quoting€òòò òDale€v.€Thomas€H.€Temple€Co.ó óóó,€186€Tenn.Ï69,€208€S.W.2d€344,€347€(1948)).€€The€requisite€elements€of€the€cause€of€action€are€commonÏdesign,€concert€of€action,€and€an€overt€act.€€òòò òBraswell€v.€Carothersó óóó,€863€S.W.2d€722,€727€(Tenn.ÏApp.€1993);€òòò òKoehler€v.€Cummingsó óóó,€380€F.€Supp.€1294,€1313€(M.D.€Tenn.€1974).€€Injury€toÏperson€or€property,€resulting€in€attendant€damage,€must€also€exist.€€òòò òBraswelló óóó,€863€S.W.2d€at€727.ÌÌà àPlaintiffððs€allegations,€if€true,€would€show€that€Dr.€and€Mrs.€Owens€participated€inÏthe€common€design€of€getting€Plaintiff€to€accept€liability€for€the€disputed€debts;€that€they€acted€inÏconcert€by€mutually€threatening€Plaintiff€with€the€dissemination€of€the€explicit€photographsÏpossessed€by€Dr.€Owens;€and€that€their€alleged€acts€of€extortion,× ƒ' ××  ×€coupled€with€the€mailing€of€theÍsix€pictures€to€Plaintiff,€constituted€an€overt€act.€€€Furthermore,€Plaintiff€alleges€that€by€theseÏconcerted€actions€she€endured€mental€suffering.€€It€is€clear€that€damages€for€mental€sufferingÏconstitute€injury€to€a€person€and€are€recoverable€in€an€action€for€civil€conspiracy.€€òòò òId.;€Lackey€v.ÏMetropolitan€Life€Ins.€Co.ó óóó,€30€Tenn.€App.€390,€206€S.W.2d€806€(1947).€€Based€on€theÏforegoing,€we€conclude€that€Plaintiffððs€alleged€facts€in€her€complaint€that,€if€proven€true,€couldÏhave€constituted€a€cause€of€action€for€civil€conspiracy.€€We€conclude€that€Plaintiff€has€stated€aÏcause€of€action€for€civil€conspiracy€ð ðto€accomplish€by€concertðð€the€unlawful€purpose€of€extortingÏmoney.€€Consequently,€we€hold€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€granting€summary€judgment€toÏDefendants€on€the€counts€of€civil€conspiracy.€€ÌÌà àAs€her€second€issue,€Plaintiff€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€excluding€a€letter,Ïwritten€by€Plaintiffððs€attorney€prior€to€the€filing€of€Plaintiffððs€lawsuit,€requesting€that€Dr.€OwensÏturn€over€to€Plaintiff€all€sexually€explicit€photographs€and€video€film€in€exchange€for€PlaintiffððsÏpromise€to€not€bring€suit€against€Dr.€and€Mrs.€Owens.€€Plaintiff€attempted€to€offer€this€letter€at€trialÏto€rebut€Defendantsðð€claims€that€Plaintiff€had€sued€them€out€of€vindictiveness€and€greed.€€Ì€€€Ìà àUnder€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€408,ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àEvidence€of€(1)€furnishing€or€offering€to€furnish€or€(2)Ïaccepting€or€offering€to€accept€a€valuable€consideration€inÏcompromising€or€attempting€to€compromise€a€claim,€whether€in€theÏpresent€litigation€or€related€litigation,€which€claim€was€disputed€orÏwas€reasonably€expected€to€be€disputed€as€to€either€validity€orÏamount,€is€not€admissible€to€prove€liability€for€or€invalidity€of€a€civilÏclaim€or€its€amount€or€a€criminal€charge€or€its€punishment.€€EvidenceÏof€conduct€or€statements€made€in€compromise€negotiations€isÏlikewise€not€admissible.€€This€rule€does€not€require€the€exclusion€ofÏany€evidence€actually€obtained€during€discovery€merely€because€it€isÍpresented€in€the€course€of€compromise€negotiations.€€This€rule€alsoÏdoes€not€require€exclusion€when€the€evidence€is€offered€for€anotherÏpurpose,€such€as€proving€bias€or€prejudice€of€a€witness,€negativingÏa€contention€of€undue€delay,€or€proving€an€effort€to€obstruct€aÏcriminal€investigation€or€prosecution;€€however,€a€party€may€not€beÏimpeached€by€a€prior€inconsistent€statement€made€in€compromiseÏnegotiations.ÌÌÌÓÓÌà àRule€408€is€intended€to€encourage€settlement€of€suits€by€forbidding€a€party€fromÏpointing€to€an€opponents€settlement€offer€as€proof€that€the€opponent€thought€that€he€would€lose.€Ïòòò òEvans€v.€Troutmanó óóó,€817€F.2d€104€(6th€Cir.€1987).€€The€rule€promotes€settlement€ð ðthrough€a€freeÏexchange€of€offers€and€the€recognition€that€an€offer€of€settlement€may€not€necessarily€reflect€theÏbelief€that€the€adversaryððs€claim€has€merit.ðð€€òòò òBulaich€v.€AT€&€T€Information€Systemsó óóó,€778€P.2dÏ1031,€1036€(Wash.€1989)€(citing€E.€Cleary,€òòò òMcCormick€on€Evidenceó óóó€ðð€274€(3d€ed.€1984).€ÏHowever,€when€the€settlement€offeror€is€the€same€party€attempting€to€gain€the€admission€of€theÏsettlement€letter€into€evidence,€the€threat€of€admissibility€should€not€be€a€deterrent€to€the€articulationÏof€a€settlement€proposal.€€òòò òBulaichó óóó,€778€P.2d€at€1036;€òòò òCrues€v.€KFC€Corpó óóó.€768€F.2d€230,€233„34Ï(8th€Cir.€1985).€€Ìà àIn€the€instant€case,€where€the€letter€of€compromise€was€offered€by€the€same€party,Ïwho€had€originally€proposed€the€settlement,€we€think€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€excluding€theÏletter.€€However,€we€hold€that€the€trial€courtððs€error€was€harmless€in€that€we€cannot€find€theÏexclusion€of€the€evidence€"more€probably€than€not€affected€the€judgment."€€€Rule€36(b)€T.R.A.P.€ÌÌà àAs€her€third€issue,€Plaintiff€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€excluding€two€lettersÏwritten€by€Defendantsðð€legal€counsel€on€August€24,€1992,€and€August€26,€1992.€€PlaintiffÏattempted€to€offer€these€letters€to€rebut€Defendantsðð€claim€that€the€sexually€explicit€pictures€ofÏPlaintiff€had€been€destroyed€prior€to€the€filing€of€Plaintiffððs€lawsuit.€€The€Plaintiff€offered€theÏletters€to€show€that€the€photographs€had€not€been€destroyed€as€Dr.€Owens€contended€and€to€showÏthat€Dr.€Owens€could€have€sent€the€pictures.€€The€trial€court€excluded€the€letters,€finding€that€theÍletters€were€offers€of€compromise€and€settlement€and€were€therefore€inadmissable€under€TennesseeÏRule€of€Evidence€408.ÌÌà àAs€noted€òòò òsupraó óóó,€Rule€408€prohibits€the€admission€of€evidence€obtained€duringÏsettlement€negotiations€when€such€evidence€is€offered€to€ð ðprove€liability€for€or€invalidity€of€a€civilÏclaim€or€its€amount.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€408.€€Plaintiff€argues€that€the€letters€were€not€offered€toÏprove€Dr.€Owensðð€liability,€but€were€offered€only€to€show€that€Dr.€Owens€was€not€being€truthfulÏwhen€he€claimed€that€he€had€destroyed€the€pictures€prior€to€the€filing€of€Plaintiffððs€lawsuit.€€AsÏsuch,€the€letters€would€have€necessarily€tended€to€impeach€the€credibility€of€Dr.€Owens.€€WhileÏRule€408€does€allow€the€admission€of€evidence€from€settlement€negotiations€when€it€is€offered€forÏa€purpose€other€than€to€prove€liability€or€invalidity,€the€rule€provides€that€ð ða€party€may€not€beÏimpeached€by€a€prior€inconsistent€statement€made€in€compromise€negotiations.ðð€€Consequently,€weÏbelieve€that€the€trial€court€properly€excluded€the€letters€of€compromise€when€they€were€offered€toÏimpeach€the€testimony€of€Dr.€Owens.€€Ì€€Ìà àAs€her€fourth€issue,€Plaintiff€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€admitting€a€transcriptÏof€one€of€the€videotapes€made€by€Dr.€Owens,€which€contained€scenes€of€Plaintiff€engaged€inÏsexual€activity.€€Plaintiff€objected€to€the€admission€of€the€transcript€on€the€basis€of€relevancy€underÏTennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€401€and€on€the€basis€that€its€probative€value€was€substantiallyÏoutweighed€by€danger€of€unfair€prejudice€under€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€403.€€ÌÌà àTennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€401€defines€relevant€evidence€as€"evidence€having€anyÏtendency€to€make€the€existence€of€any€fact€that€is€of€consequence€to€the€determination€of€the€actionÏmore€probable€or€less€probable€than€it€would€be€without€the€evidence."€€In€our€opinion,€theÏtranscript€was€relevant.€€In€her€pleadings,€Plaintiff€contended€that€she€had€not€consented€to€Dr.ÏOwens€taking€pictures€and€videotaping€their€sex€acts.€€Moreover,€Dr.€Phillip€Chanin,€PlaintiffððsÏtreating€psychiatrist,€testified€that€while€he€was€evaluating€Plaintiffððs€condition,€she€told€him€thatÍthe€pictures€and€videotapes€were€made€without€her€consent.€€Thus,€we€believe€that€Plaintiff,Ïthrough€her€pleadings€and€expert€testimony,€opened€the€door€to€the€issue€of€her€consent.€€€ÌÌà àTennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€403€excludes€relevant€evidence€only€when€its€probativeÏvalue€is€substantially€outweighed€by€the€danger€of€unfair€prejudice.€€The€ultimate€decisionÏregarding€admissibility€and€relevancy€lies€within€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€judge€and,€absentÏan€abuse€of€discretion,€that€decision€will€not€be€overturned€on€appeal.€€òòò òSee€Wright€v.€Quillenó óóó,€909ÏS.W.2d€804,€809€(Tenn.€App.€1995).€€Contrary€to€Plaintiffððs€allegations,€the€transcript€from€theÏvideotape€shows€that€Plaintiff€was€cognizant€of€the€video€camera€and€took€an€active,€andÏsometimes€directorial€role€in€the€videotaping€of€the€coupleððs€sexual€activity.€€Thus,€its€probativeÏvalue€was€relevant€with€respect€to€the€issue€of€consent,€particularly€as€it€applied€to€theÏoutrageousness€of€Defendantsðð€conduct€and€to€the€validity€of€Dr.€Chaninððs€psychologicalÏevaluation.€€In€our€opinion,€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€admitting€the€transcript€intoÏevidence.Ìà@ àÌà àAs€her€final€issue,€Plaintiff€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€theÏintroduction€of€evidence€concerning€the€prior€sexual€encounters€and€elective€abortions€of€Plaintiff.€ÏAs€noted€òòò òsupraó óóó,€admissibility€and€relevancy€are€matters€within€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trialÏjudge.€€òòò òWrightó óóó,€909€S.W.2d€at€809.€€In€the€instant€case,€Plaintiff€sought€compensation€exclusivelyÏfor€psychological€damage.€€In€our€opinion,€evidence€of€Plaintiffððs€failed€relationships,€prior€sexualÏencounters€and€elective€abortions€were€all€relevant€under€Rule€401€as€to€the€issue€of€causation€ofÏPlaintiffððs€psychological€and€emotional€damage€in€that€they€provided€the€jury€with€other€plausibleÏexplanations€for€Plaintiffððs€mental€condition.€€Consequently,€we€are€unable€to€find€an€abuse€ofÏdiscretion.ÌÌà àIn€summary,€we€hold€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€granting€summary€judgment€toÏMrs.€Owens€on€the€counts€of€outrageous€conduct€and€€intentional€infliction€of€emotional€distress.€ÍWe€hold€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€granting€summary€judgment€in€favor€of€both€Defendants€on€theÏcount€of€civil€conspiracy.€€€€€€ÌÌà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€reversed€in€part,€affirmed€in€part€and€remanded€forÏfurther€proceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.€€Costs€on€appeal€are€taxed€one„half€to€AppellantÏand€one„half€to€Appellees€for€which€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.ÌÌÓÓÓ` Ü` È“XÓà à__________________________________Ìà àFARMER,€J.ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌCRAWFORD,€P.J.,€W.S.€(Concurs)ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌHIGHERS,€J.€(Concurs)