ÿWPC! …# VU>a %Ÿ 0(¥4Íáðw@ø 0l8 0D¤ U:è 0L" n 0Jv 0TÀ 0^ 0hr 0rÚ 0|L 0†È 0N 1uÞ 0dS 0L·B)DC, Bo AMŒ D3ÙU* 6 0@Gx‡,ÿv~+vÓ© AO|ÆË 0D‘ D/Õ B˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 <èÀ( 9Z &Courier RegularX($¡¡DÒ ½Q x°°3|x¼ ª{«¬­D®¯D°I±²Ó€¼((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó<þ6X9`("Courier NewTT> ÿÿ$Small Circleððà0 à2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ>c$"Small Circleð"ðà0 à% Line 7 d&&&&7Border 1dd d€-'Cþÿ << Gÿÿ(((('ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(Arial Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€+ÔÔ€+ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€+XÔÌÌNovember€13,€1996ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò nÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔCourt€of€Appeals€Rule€10(b):Ìà8 àThe€Court,€with€the€concurrence€of€all€judges€participating€in€theÏcase,€may€affirm,€reverse€or€modify€the€actions€of€the€trial€courtÏby€memorandum€opinion€when€a€formal€opinion€would€have€noÏprecedential€value.€€When€a€case€is€decided€by€memorandum€opinionÏit€shall€be€designated€ð ðMEMORANDUM€OPINION,ðð€shall€not€beÏpublished,€and€shall€not€be€cited€or€relied€on€for€any€reason€in€aÏsubsequent€unrelated€case.€Ì "Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Two€of€the€receipts€introduced€as€evidence€of€damagesÏrepresented€the€cost€of€new€tires€for€Mrs.€Bossart's€car.€€TheÏreceipts€totaled€$588.09.ÌPtPt HHøHÿöÿòV,(ühhØ hd'0ÿÎÿºF ® Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Geneva ÒÒ  BA Op Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÓ ` Ü‚Xœ ’X ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€þwXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑJUNE€ZOE€WILKINSON,›à à)Ìà àà à)ÌÓ#` Ü‚Xœôx‘X#Óà àœPlaintiff/Appellant,›à à)à àAppeal€No.Ìà àà à)à àœ01„A„01„9511„CV„00503›Ìv.à àà à)Ìà àà à)à àœDavidson€Circuit›ÌÙ€€ÙœßL€),';+'h|χ` ç `€€LßGRANT€ROBERT€WILKINSON,›à àœ)à àNo.€93D„440›Ìà àà à)Ìà àœDefendant/Appellee.›à à)ÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÔ€¼ÔCOURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌMIDDLE€SECTION€AT€NASHVILLEÌÌÌAPPEAL€FROM€THE€œCIRCUIT›€COURT€FOR€œDAVIDSON›€COUNTYÌÌAT€œNASHVILLE,›€TENNESSEEÌÌÌTHE€HONORABLE€œMURIEL€ROBINSON,€JUDGEÌÓ ` Ü‚XœÈ“X ÓÌÌÓ  ÓÌÌÔ€XÔDANIEL€D.€WARLICKÌWarlick€&€ToddÌ611€Commerce€StreetÌSuite€2802,€The€TowerÌNashville,€Tennessee€37203›Ìà àATTORNEY€FOR€œPLAINTIFF/APPELLANT›ÌÌÌÌœJOHN€J.€HOLLINSÌHollins,€Wagster€&€YarbroughÌSuite€2210,€SunTrust€CenterÌ424€Church€StreetÌNashville,€Tennessee€37219›Ìà àœATTORNEY›€FOR€œDEFENDANT/APPELLEE›ÌœÌ›ÌÌÌœÌÌÌ›ÌÌÌÓ  ÓœAFFIRMED›€IN€PART,€ÌREVERSED€IN€PART,ÌAND€REMANDED.ÌÓ  ÓÔ€¼ÔÌÌÌSAMUEL€L.€LEWIS,€JUDGEÌÓ  ÓÓÓòòÔ€°ÔMEMORANDUM€OPINIONóóœ× ƒ. ××  ×›ÌÓ  ÓÓ#` Ü` ä œÈ“X#Óà àÔ€XÔThis€is€an€appeal€by€plaintiff/appellant,€June€ZoeÏWilkinson€œ(ð ðWifeðð),›€from€œa›€final€decree€of€divorce.€€Wife€contendsÏthat€the€trial€court€erred€in€awarding€the€divorce€toÏœdefendant/appellee,›€Grant€Robert€Wilkinson€œ(ð ðHusbandðð),›€deviatingÏfrom€the€Child€Support€Guidelines,€determining€the€amount€andÏduration€of€alimony€in€futuro,€and€holding€œWife›€in€contempt.€ÌÌà àThe€parties€were€married€in€1978.€€They€had€two€children,ÏTracey€and€Erika.€€At€the€time€of€œtrial,›€the€children€wereÏthirteen€and€fourteen,€œWife›€was€forty„seven,€and€œHusband›€wasÏfifty„three.€€In€the€past,€Wife€had€worked€as€a€registered€nurse,Ïbut€had€not€been€licensed€for€the€œlast›€15€years.€€She€has€aÏbachelorððs€degree€in€œnursing,›€œand€she›€estimated€that€it€would€takeÍher€three€to€five€years€to€obtain€her€masters€in€public€health.€ÏHusband€has€a€Ph.D.€and€is€a€director€in€the€department€ofÏpharmacology€at€Vanderbilt.€€He€earns€a€base€salary€of€$130,000.00Ïper€year.€€In€addition,€he€receives€$15,000.00€per€year€asÏdirector€of€the€therapeutic€monitoring€lab€and€also€receivesÏincome€from€consultations.€€Husband€œclaimed›€œthat›€he€œwould›€œnot›Ïœreceive›€the€$15,000.00€œof›€additional€œincome€after€1€July€1995.€›ÌÌà àOn€1€February€1993,€Wife€filed€a€complaint€for€divorce.€ÏThereafter,€Husband€filed€a€petition€for€contempt€and,€later,€anÏamended€petition€for€criminal€contempt.€€Wife€answered€HusbandððsÏpetitions€and€filed€a€counter„petition€for€contempt.€€On€14€JulyÏ1994,€Wife€filed€a€motion€to€amend€and€supplement€her€complaint€toÏadd€adultery€as€a€ground€for€absolute€divorce.€€The€partiesÏentered€into€an€agreed€order€on€22€July€1994€allowing€Wife€toÏamend€her€complaint.ÌÌà àOn€20€January€1995,€the€court€filed€its€final€decree€ofÏdivorce.€€The€decree€included€the€following€findings€and€orders:Ì1)€granted€Husband€a€divorce€based€on€the€inappropriate€maritalÏconduct€of€œWife;Ì2)€awarded€custody€of€the€two€minor€children€to€Wife€and€grantedÏHusband€reasonable€visitation;Ì3)€ordered€Husband€to€pay€child€support€of€$1,000€per€child€perÏmonth€and€to€pay€the€childrenððs€school€tuition€and€for€their€books€Ï(The€court,€without€explanation,€stated€that€it€realized€thisÍorder€exceeded€the€child€support€guidelines.);€Ì4)€€ordered€Husband€to€maintain€a€$250,000.00€life€insuranceÏpolicy€to€secure€his€payment€of€the€child€support;€€Ì5)€ordered€Wife€to€pay€for€the€childrenððs€school€uniforms€andÏlunches;€€Ì6)€ordered€Husband€to€provide€medical€and€hospital€insurance€forÏthe€children€and€to€provide€any€other€medical€needs,€such€asÏdental€care€(The€court€did€not€require€Husband€to€provide€for€theÏchildren's€psychological€counseling.);Ì7)€ordered€the€parties€to€sell€the€marital€home€and€to€divide€theÏnet€proceeds€equally;Ì8)€awarded€Wife€alimony€in€futuro€of€$1,200.00€per€month€for€threeÏyears€or€until€her€death€or€remarriage,€whichever€occurs€firstÏand,€as€additional€alimony,€awarded€Wife€the€1994€Oldsmobile,Ïordered€Husband€to€pay€the€debt€on€the€Oldsmobile,€and€orderedÏHusband€to€provide€Wife€with€insurance€under€COBRA;Ì9)€awarded€Wife€one„half€of€Husbandððs€six€Vanderbilt€UniversityÏretirement€accounts€(This€award€included€the€assets€contributed€toÏthe€accounts€and€the€accumulated€appreciation€on€those€assetsÏbetween€1€January€1978€and€11€January€1995.);Ì10)€allowed€the€parties€to€keep€their€separate€property€and€toÏretain€their€respective€bank€accounts€and€Merrill„Lynch€accounts;ÏandÌ11)€held€that€Wife€was€in€contempt€of€court,€but€did€not€set€outÏany€punishment.€€ÌOn€13€February€1995,€Wife€filed€a€notice€of€appeal€as€to€the€finalÍdecree.ÌÌà àOne€month€later,€Husband€filed€a€petition€for€contemptÏalleging,€in€part,€that€Wife€interfered€with€his€visitation€andÏvandalized€his€property.€€In€June€1995,€the€court€entered€an€orderÏwhich€awarded€Husband€damages€for€Wifeððs€alleged€vandalism,€finedÏappellant€$550.00€for€her€interference€with€visitation,€sentencedÏher€to€ten€days€in€jail,€and€found€that€Wife€was€not€a€credibleÏwitness.€€Thereafter,€Wife€filed€a€notice€of€appeal€as€to€theÏcontempt€order.Ì€Ìà àOn€27€June€1995,€this€court€entered€an€order€dismissingÏWife's€first€appeal›€for€lack€of€a€final€order.€€Specifically,€theÏtrial€court€failed€to€rule€on€Wifeððs€petition€for€contempt€againstÏHusband€and€failed€to€set€forth€any€punishment€for€WifeððsÏcontempt.€€In€August,€the€trial€court€addressed€the€deficienciesÏin€its€final€order.€€Specifically,€the€court€entered€œa€second›Ïfinal€decree€which€restated€the€basic€findings€in€the€first€decreeÏand€found€that€Wifeððs€petition€for€contempt€was€without€merit€andÏthat€there€would€be€no€punishment€for€Wifeððs€contempt.€€œÌÌà àThereafter,›€Wife€filed€a€notice€of€appeal€as€to€the€secondÏfinal€œdecree.€€On›€22€November€1995,€this€court€entered€an€orderÏconsolidating€the€appeals.€€Wife€presents€four€issues€for€ourÏconsideration.€€œÌÌà àThe›€first€œissue€is›€œwhether€ð ð[t]he›€Trial€Court€erred€inÏgranting€the€divorce€to€the€œhusband.ðð€€Wife›€œð ðadmits›€that€the€œTrial›ÏœCourt›€would€have€evidence€œif€looked€at€[sic]€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€Husband,›€which€could€be€considered€inappropriateÏmarital€conduct€and€acts€constituting€grounds€for€divorce,€ifÏœthose€acts›€affected€the€marital€œrelationship.ð𛀀Wife,€however,Ïargues€that€there€was€also€evidence€that€Husband€œwas›€chronicallyÏabusive€of€Wife.€€She€argues€that€the€court€should€have€declaredÏthe€parties€divorced€pursuant€to€œTennessee€Code€Annotated›€36„4„129(b).€€That€œsection›€allows€the€trial€court€to€declare€theÏparties€divorced€rather€than€awarding€a€divorce€to€either€partyÏœwhen€ð ðeither€or€both€parties€are€entitled€to€a€divorce.ðð€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€36„4„129(b)(1996).ÌÌà àNothing€in€this€statute€mandates€that€the€trial€courtÏdeclare€the€parties€divorced€rather€than€awarding€a€divorce€to€oneÏor€the€other€parties.€€It€gives€the€trial€court€discretion€to€doÏso.€€We€are€of€the€opinion€that€a€review€of€the€entire€recordÏclearly€shows€that€Wife€was€guilty€of€inappropriate€maritalÏconduct€and€that€Husband€was€entitled€to€a€divorce€on€thoseÏgrounds.€€The€evidence€fully€supports€the€trial€judge's€findings.ÌÌà àWife's€second€issue€is€whether€ð ð[t]he€Trial€Court€erred€inÏsetting€the€amount€of€child€support,€including€excepting€paymentÏfor€psychological€or€psychiatric€counseling€from€the€husband'sÏresponsibility.ððÌÌà àThe€trial€court€awarded€child€support€of€$1,000.00€perÏchild€and€ordered€Husband€to€pay€the€private€school€tuition€in€theÏamount€of€approximately€$15,000.00€per€year.€€In€addition,€theÏcourt€ordered€Husband€to€furnish€medical€and€hospitalizationÏinsurance€and€to€pay€the€children's€expenses€not€covered€byÏinsurance,€including€dental€bills,€orthodontics,€and€eye€care.ÌÌà àHusband€presently€earns€some€$130,000.00€per€year€and€inÏ1994€had€consulting€income€of€approximately€$1,500.00.€€Taking€allÌof€these€matters€into€consideration,€the€child€support€ordered€byÏthe€court€exceeds›€the€guidelines€by€some€$11,000.00€per€year.€ÏHusband€has€not€complained€of€the€excess€child€œsupport,€and€WifeÏis€certainly€in€no€position€to€do€so.€€This€issue€is€withoutÏmerit.ÌÌà àWife's€third€issue€is€whether€ð ð[t]he›€Trial€Court€erred€inÏdetermining€the€amount€and€duration€of€alimony€òòin€œfuturoóó.ðð›ÌÌÓ&` Ü` ä ¦œ ’X&Óœà àð ðThe€amount€of€alimony€to€be€allowed€in€any€case€is€aÏmatter€for€the€discretion€of€the€trial€court€in€view€of€theÏparticular€circumstances.€€The€appellate€courts€are€disinclined€toÏreview€such€discretion€except€in€cases€where€it€has€manifestlyÏbeen€abused.ðð€€€òòò òIngram€v.€Ingramó óóó,€721€S.W.2d€262,€264€(Tenn.ÏApp.€1986)(citations€omitted).€€Here,€the€court€ordered€Husband€toÏpay€Wife€$1,200.00€per€month€for€a€period€of€three€years€or€untilÍthe€death€or€remarriage€of€Wife,€whichever€occurs€first.€€ÌÌà àThere›€is€no€medical€proof€or€other€evidence€that€Wife€canÏnot€engage€in€gainful€employment.€€Wife€attended€Victoria€CollegeÏin€Trinidad€and€received€a€bachelor's€decree€in€nursing€from€theÏUniversity€of€London.€€œThereafter,€she›€worked€as€a€registeredÏnurse€in€New€York.€€The€trial€court,€regarding€œWifeððs›€ability€toÏearn€a€living€stated:ÌÓÓà8 àœà àThe›€court€finds€that€both€of€these€parties€areÏprofessional€people,€they€both€have€professions.€ÏThe€court€must€make€note€that€Mrs.€Wilkinson€hasÏbeen€a€housewife€and€mother€for€the€past€œ16€years,Ïbut€she€does€have€a€degree€in€nursing.€€Sheððs€aÏvery€capable,€articulate€woman,€and€the€court€feelsÏthat€the€alimony€to€be€paid€shall€be€paid€for€aÏlimited€period€of€time.€€That€shall€be€in€theÏamount€of€$1200€per€month€for€a€period€of€threeÏyears.ÌÌÓÓIn€addition€to€the€$1,200.00€per€month,€the€trial€court€orderedÏHusband€to€pay€Wife's€health€insurance€under€COBRA€during€the€timeÏallowed€by€the€insurance€carrier€and€to€pay€the€indebtedness€owedÏon€the€1994€Oldsmobile€automobile€awarded€to€Wife.€€Our€review€ofÏthis€record€fails€to€show€any€error€in€the€trial€court's€award€ofÏalimony.ÌÌà àWife's€final€issue€is€whether€ð ð[t]he€Trial€Court€erred€inÏfinding€the€Wife€in€contempt€for€vandalism€and€failure€to€abide€byÏthe€Final€Decree€of€Divorce.ððÌà8 àÔ€¼ÔÌà àÔ€XÔOn€12€April€1995,€Husband€filed€a€ð ðpetition€for€criminalÍcontempt€and€other€relief.ðð€€Husband€alleged€that€Wife€was€inÏcontempt€of€court€because€of€ð ðher€deliberate€violations€of€theÏCourt's€final€decree€of€divorce€.€.€.€.ðð€€The€specific€acts€ofÏWife€alleged€by€Husband€to€be€contemptuous€included€interferingÏwith€Husband's€visitation€and€telephone€calls;€interceptingÏpackages€sent€by€Husband€to€the€children;€interfering€with€theÏcourt's€order€that€the€children€receive€psychological€counseling;Ïand€interfering€with€the€sale€of€the€marital€residence.€€HusbandÏalso€alleged€that€Wife€harassed€Husand€on€numerous€occasions€andÏthat€Wife€caused€damage€to€the€property€of€Husband€and€hisÏgirlfriend,€Merrily€Bossart.€€Thereafter,€Husband€requested€theÏcourt€to€find€Wife€guilty€of€criminal€contempt€and€sentence€her€toÏten€days€in€the€Davidson€County€workhouse€or€jail.€€He€alsoÏrequested€a€restraining€order,€reasonable€attorney's€fees,€and€anyÏother€relief.ÌÌà àOn€22€June€1995,€the€court€entered€an€order€as€to€theÏpetition.€€The€court€stated:ÌÓ&` Ü` ä <œ ’X&ÓÓÓà8 à10.à àRespondent€is€responsible€for€the€damage€toÏthe€property€of€Merrily€Bossart€and€petitioner.€ÏPetitioner€will€be€awarded€a€judgment€in€the€amountÏof€$780.34€which€will€be€a€lien€againstÏrespondent's€share€of€the€proceeds€of€sale€of€theÏresidence€.€.€.€.Ìà8 àà à.€.€.€.Ìà8 à12.à àRespondent,€June€Zoe€Wilkinson,€is€in€willfulÏcontempt€of€this€Court€because€of€violation€[sic]Ïof€the€Court's€restraining€orders€relating€to€phoneÏcalls,€the€order€of€visitation,€and€the€Court'sÏorder€on€interfering€with€the€children's€mail.ÌÌÓÓThe€court€also€fined€Wife€$550.00€for€interfering€with€Husband'sÍvisitation,€ordered€Husband€to€deduct€this€sum€from€the€July€1995Ïchild€support€payment,€and€sentenced€Wife€to€ten€days€in€the€MetroÏjail.ÌÌà àIt€is€Wife's€contention€that€the€evidence€failed€toÏestablish€that€she€was€guilty€of€contempt€or€of€vandalizing€theÏproperty€of€Husband€or€Ms.€Bossart.€€Finally,€Wife€contends€thatÏthe€court€erred€when€it€awarded€damages€to€Husband€for€the€damageÏto€Ms.€Bossart's€property.ÌÌà àThe€court€based€its€finding€of€criminal€contempt€on€theÏWife's€failure€to€comply€with€the€court's€orders,€not€theÏvandalism.ÌÓÓà8 àà àThe€power€to€punish€for€contempt€is€inherentÏin€the€courts€of€justice.€€It€is€one€of€the€toolsÏavailable€to€the€courts€to€maintain€the€integrityÏof€their€orders.€€Violation€of€a€court's€lawfulÏorders€is€contemptuous€conduct.€€Persons€who€do€soÏmay€be€found€guilty€of€criminal€contempt€and,€inÏthe€absence€of€a€specific€statute,€may€beÏimprisoned€for€ten€days€and€fined€$50€or€both.Ìà8 àà àCriminal€contempt€convictions€are€punitive€inÏcharacter,€and€their€primary€purpose€is€toÏvindicate€the€court's€authority.€€Persons€chargedÏwith€criminal€contempt€are€presumed€innocent,€andÏthe€State€must€prove€them€guilty€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.€€Ìà8 àà àPersons€convicted€of€criminal€contempt€loseÏtheir€presumption€of€innocence,€and€bear€the€burdenÏof€overcoming€their€presumption€of€guilt€on€appeal.€ÏAppellate€courts€do€not€review€the€evidence€in€aÏlight€favorable€to€the€accused€and€will€reverseÏcriminal€contempt€convictions€only€when€theÏevidence€is€insufficient€to€support€theÏtrier„of„fact's€finding€of€contempt€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.ÌÌÓÓòòò òThigpen€v.€Thigpenóóó ó,€874€S.W.2d€51,€53€(Tenn.€App.€1993)Í(citations€omitted).€€It€is€the€opinion€of€this€court€that€thereÏwas€sufficient€evidence€to€find€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€thatÏWife€violated€the€court's€order.€€Nevertheless,€the€fine€orderedÏby€the€court€was€excessive.€€Unless€otherwise€specified,€courtsÏare€limited€to€ordering€ten€days€imprisonment€and€a€fifty€dollarÏfine.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29„9„103(b)€(Supp.€1996).€€There€are€noÏother€statutes€on€point.€€Thus,€the€court's€award€of€$550.00€toÏHusband€was€excessive€and€should€have€been€$50.00€payable€to€theÏclerk€of€the€court.ÌÌà àWife€also€contends€that€there€was€not€sufficient€evidenceÏto€establish€that€she€vandalized€the€property€and€that€the€courtÏerred€in€awarding€Husband€damages€for€the€vandalism€of€Ms.ÏBossart's€property.€€While€we€are€of€the€opinion€that€there€wasÏsufficient€evidence€to€establish€that€Wife€was€responsible€for€theÏproperty€damage,€we€do€not€believe€Husband€was€entitled€to€recoverÏfor€the€damage€to€Ms.€Bossart's€property.× ƒ/ ××  ×€€Ìà àSpecifically,€it€is€the€opinion€of€this€court€that€HusbandÏlacked€standing€to€recover€for€Ms.€Bossart's€injuries.ÌÓÓà8 àà àStanding€is€a€judge„made€doctrine€used€toÏdetermine€whether€a€party€is€entitled€to€judicialÏrelief.€€It€requires€the€court€to€decide€whetherÏthe€party€has€a€sufficiently€personal€stake€in€theÏoutcome€of€the€controversy€to€warrant€the€exerciseÏof€the€court's€power€on€its€behalf.€€To€establishÏstanding,€a€party€must€demonstrate€(1)€that€itÏsustained€a€distinct€and€palpable€injury,€(2)€thatÍthe€injury€was€caused€by€the€challenged€conduct,Ïand€(3)€that€the€injury€is€apt€to€be€redressed€by€aÏremedy€that€the€court€is€prepared€to€give.ÌÌÓÓòòò òMetropolitan€Air€Research€Testing€Auth.€v.€MetropolitanÏGov't€of€Nashville€and€Davidson€Countyóóó ó,€842€S.W.2d€611,€615Ï(Tenn.€App.€1992)€(citations€omitted).€€Husband€must€establish€hisÏown€injury€which€the€court€can€redress.€€It€is€clear€that€HusbandÏdid€suffer€damages€and€that€he€has€standing€to€recover€for€thoseÏdamages;€however,€he€may€not€recover€for€any€damages€other€thanÏhis€own.€€€To€explain,€the€court€can€not€redress€the€injuries€ofÏMs.€Bossart€by€awarding€damages€to€Husband.€€Thus,€it€is€theÏopinion€of€this€court€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€awardingÏdamages€to€Husband€for€Mr.€Bossart's€injuries.ÌÌà àFor€the€foregoing€reasons,€the€decision€of€the€trial€courtÏis€affirmed€in€part,€and€reversed€as€to€the€fine€imposed€on€WifeÏfor€criminal€contempt€and€as€to€the€damages€awarded€Husband€as€aÏresult€of€Wife's€vandalism.€€The€case€is€remanded€to€the€trialÏcourt€for€the€entry€of€an€order€consistent€with€this€opinion,€aÏdetermination€of€Husband's€actual€damages,€and€for€any€furtherÏnecessary€proceedings.€€Costs€are€taxed€two„thirds€to€plaintiff/€Ïappellant,€June€Zoe€Wilkinson,€and€one„third€to€defendant/Ïappellee,€Grant€Robert€Wilkinson.€€€Ô€¼Ôà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àÓÓà àà à___________________________ÌÔ€XÔà àà àà àSAMUEL€L.€LEWIS,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌHENRY€F.€TODD,€P.J.,€M.S.ÌÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€J.ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ