ÿWPC† q¯1x£Ù_²ŽÝI°ÍMô{±e¥Å…b«¾â°·pV]mŠOVá{ß$Ôó¶Ý‚¦£бx½~ŽsX?fš%;#.¨ú¼¦÷ðËøâ¤Å ‚jŽ0u 8l@8*ýáU©ùiÙÊÅ«õ%oôÕ™£‡©üÆñ1!9æéZî—ÓuÅ“’€Ñ Ü+v×4¦ðÑíãŒÑ ÄðóE>ä¬>ý„zî‘æýÜä¥-YCk¹GÔ.¸MCóF¿ß×?lŒ àHê; Ùɸ¯KŸnS3”Z£¥7¥ éÀT>õ¢ÖÌás* è#l“!g…v^\cf¡Ï ¹Ž«‡6uhìßUsb} v“‚@â«EÛIH^k{«œÔñ c˜˜ ,¨ìÝ_ÚÇ•L^PÕ,¾?õÒ±Wx«"ïÉ‘A tŽ|¤“‹ØDâÿF!5XãŽMuöX‹r¹Íþn ¦µíY5fÝ‹˜R“’B‰§¿bç“äÄ͉»¾ŒÃ}ÐIðàe¥3AõjÈd¡2 yáažýŒºîa.ÙÌKQë¿ÑÑeô|ït¶ _fÂýõ:‘×Á49d0_’­¯k MjÁIò~d„úLÝ­zè¨oá÷üoP5 ).*jxê` `€€@E Ê` 8ttxPDh È tß›ñªñà Ø àà ù à)à  àÐ à0 Ðà Ø àà ù à)à  àœWilliamson€Circuit›Ð ð@ Мà Ø àà ù à)à  àNo.€II„152„698Ð  P ÐÌÌà Ø àà ù àà  àà ˜ à›ÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ€ÓCOURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAPPEAL€œFROM›€THE€œCIRCUIT€COURT€FOR€WILLIAM€COUNTY,›ÌœAT€FRANKLIN,€TENNESSEE›€€ÌÌTHE€HONORABLE€œTIMOTHY€EASTER,€JUDGE›ÌÌÌœÌÌ›ÌÓ€ÓÓ  ÓœJOHN€P.€CAULEYÌAssistant€Public€DefenderÌ407„C€Main€StreetÌP.€O.€Box€68ÌFranklin,€Tennessee€€37065„0068Ìà Ø àATTORNEY€FOR€APPELLANTÌÌÌPAUL€G.€SUMMERSÌAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌÌDARYL€J.€BRANDÌAssociate€Solicitor€GeneralÌ425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌNashville,€Tennessee€€37243Ìà Ø àATTORNEYS€FOR€STATE€OF€TENNESSEEà ˜ à›Ð ø3H/2 ÐÌÌÌœÓ  ÓAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDED›ÌÌñ ñÑ &3ÑÑ7€fXXdìXXdì7ÑÑ€ ÑÑ  ÑÑ &3ÑÑ#€Xÿÿd#ÑÑ € ÑÑ  Ññ ñÌñ ñÑ &3ÑÑ7€fXXdìXXdì7ÑÑ€ ÑÑ  Ññ ñÓ  ÓWILLIAM€B.€CAIN,€JUDGEÐ h;¸699 ÐÑ &3ÑÑ7€fXXdìXXdì7ÑÑ€ ÑÑ  Ññ ñÑ &3ÑÑ7€Æ XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ€ ÑÑ  Ññ ñÓ  ÓÔ€„ ¶„¼¼ {ÔòòO€P€I€N€I€O€NóóÐ ° ÐÓ  ÓÌÓ€Óà Ø àÔ€¼ {¼„„ ¶ÔIn€April€of€1998€œAppellant,›€Wayne€œH.›€was€a€fourteen€year€old€childÐ pÀ Ðenrolled€in€the€Williamson€County€School€District€as€a€special€education€student.€ÏFor€reasons€not€detailed€in€the€record,€he€had€been€under€the€supervision€of€theÏDavidson€County€Juvenile€Court.€€His€case€manager,€Lloyd€Jernigan€of€the€œDeeÏDee›€Wallace€Center,€arranged€for€him€to€live€with€his€maternal€grandmother€inÏWilliamson€County.€€Upon€moving€to€his€grandmother's€home€he€was€enrolled€inÏWilliamson€County's€Page€Middle€School€in€special€education€class€for€childrenÏwith€behavioral€problems.ÌÌà Ø àOn€April€22,€1998,€three€days€after€enrolling€in€Page€School,€Mrs.€MartyÏHaselden,€Assistant€œPrincipal,›€was€informed€that€Wayne€had€been€seen€displayingÏa€pocket€knife€in€the€lunchroom.€€Page€Middle€School€had€a€"zero€tolerance"Ïpolicy€regarding€weapons€at€school.€€In€Mrs.€Haselden's€office€œWayne€confirmedÏthat€he€had€a€knife€and€gave€it€to€her.€€He€asserted€that€he€had€not€meant€to€bringÏthe€knife€to€school€but€had€borrowed€his€cousin's€jacket€and€had€only€discoveredÏat€lunchtime€that€there€was€a€knife€in€the€pocket.€€Mrs.€Haselden€then€told€WayneÏthat€she€had€heard€that€two€days€earlier,€on€his€first€day€at€Page€Middle€School,Ïhe€had€been€displaying€a€knife€on€the€school€bus.€€Wayne€admitted€that€he€alsoÏhad€a€knife€on€that€day€and€said€that€he€had€brought€it€to€school€to€impress€peopleÏbecause€he€was€new€at€the€school.€€He€further€acknowledged€that€he€knew€it€wasÏwrong€to€have€a€knife€in€his€possession€at€school.ÌÌà Ø àAfter€the€Page€School€incident,€Wayne€H.€was€sent€to€the€AlternativeÏLearning€Center€which€is€located€in€the€same€building€as€the€Williamson€CountyÏJuvenile€Detention€Center.€€The€ALC€is€a€facility€for€continuing€the€education€ofÏstudents€who€have€been€suspended€from€school€for€unruliness€or€similar€problems.€ÏWayne€H.'s€behavior€at€ALC€was€less€than€satisfactory€and€he€often€cursed€andÏrefused€to€do€his€school€work.€€He€was€taking€medications€for€impulsive€behaviorÏand€attention€deficit€disorder.€€After€an€incident€in€which€he€cursed€his€teacher,ÏMs.€Ruth€Paily,€he€was€placed€in€the€detention€center€for€a€few€hours.€€HisÏgrandmother€was€not€cooperative€with€the€ALC€program€and€it€was€determinedÏthat€a€"home€suspension"€for€him€would€not€be€appropriate.Ð Ø8(4@ Їà Ø àThe€parties€stipulated€that€Williamson€County€Juvenile€Detention€CenterÏis€operated€in€compliance€with€and€even€surpasses€the€requirements€of€state€andÏfederal€law.ÌÌà Ø àOn€April€29,€1998,€Mrs.€Haselden€filed€a€petition€in€the€Juvenile€Court€ofÏWilliamson€County€alleging€that€Wayne€H.€had€committed€the€delinquent€act€ofÏcarrying€a€weapon€on€school€property.ÌÌà Ø àOn€May€15,€1998,€Mrs.€Ruth€Paily€filed€a€petition€alleging€that€Wayne€H.Ïhad€violated€rules€at€ALC€and€his€conduct€amounted€to€unruly€behavior.ÌÌà Ø àThe€case€was€heard€on€June€11,€1998,€in€the€Juvenile€Court€of€WilliamsonÏCounty.€€The€ALC€determined€not€to€prosecute€the€unruly€behavior€petition€andÏthe€court€then€retired€the€petition.€€The€juvenile€court€found€that€upon€his€plea€ofÏ"true"€to€the€charge€of€carrying€a€weapon€on€school€property€that€he€was€aÏdelinquent€child.€€The€court€sentenced€Wayne€to€serve€two€days€in€the€juvenileÏdetention€center€and€suspended€his€driver's€license€for€one€year.ÌÌà Ø àWayne€H.€timely€appealed€to€the€circuit€court€and€a€de€novo€hearing€wasÏheld€on€July€20,€1998.€€The€circuit€court€found€that€Wayne€had€committed€theÏdelinquent€act€alleged,€and€affirmed€the€judgment€of€the€juvenile€court€includingÏthe€disposition€of€the€case.€€The€judgment€of€the€circuit€court€was€entered€July€22,Ï1998€and€Wayne€H.€timely€appealed.ÌÌà Ø àThe€first€issue€raised€on€appeal€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidenceÏto€prove€that€the€appellant€possessed€the€weapon€on€school€property€with€theÏintent€to€go€armed.ÌÌà Ø àThe€original€petition€in€the€juvenile€court€charged€that:Ìà Ø à"ON€OR€ABOUT€APRIL€22,€1998€IN€WILLIAMSON€COUNTY,€TN,ÏSUBJECT€WAS€FOUND€IN€POSSESSION€OF€A€POCKET€KNIFE€AT€PAGEÏMIDDLE€SCHOOL.€€THIS€OFFENSE€CONSTITUTES€THE€DELINQUENTÏCHARGE€OF€CARRYING€A€WEAPON€ON€SCHOOL€PROPERTY€(Class€EÏFelony€per€T.C.A.€39„17„1309,€et€al)."Ð H9˜4B Їà Ø àThe€order€of€the€circuit€court,€following€a€de€novo€hearing€on€appeal€fromÏthe€juvenile€court,€provided€in€part:€€"The€trial€court€having€had€the€benefit€of€theÏoriginal€petition,€the€testimony€of€witnesses,€argument€of€counsel€for€theÏrespective€parties€and€the€entire€record€in€this€cause€finds€that€the€allegationsÏcontained€in€said€petition€are€proven€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€Appeal€wasÏtaken€first€to€the€court€of€criminal€appeals€but€was€transferred€to€this€court€becauñ™ñsñ™ñeÏof›€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€37„1„159.ÌÌà Ø àTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„17„1309€specifically€addressesÏcarrying€weapons€on€school€property€and€declares€the€carrying€of€a€weapon€withÏintent€to€go€armed€is€a€Class€E€Felony.€€The€conduct€charged€in€this€case,€ifÏcommitted€by€an€adult,€would€subject€such€adult€to€criminal€liability.€€Where€aÏjuvenile€is€concerned€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„17„1309Ïis€a€"delinquent€act".€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„102(b)(9).ÌÌœà Ø à›Neither€Rule€13(d)€nor€Rule€13(e)€of€the€Rules€of€Appellate€ProcedureÏenvision€appellate€review€of€the€hybrid€created€by€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÏsection€37„1„133€wherein€it€provides€in€œpart:ñ—ñ€€ñ—ññ˜ñ›Ì›à  àñ˜ñ"(a)›€€An€order€of€disposition€or€otherÏadjudication€in€a€proceeding€under€this€part€is€not€a€conviction€of€crime€and€doesÏnot€impose€any€civil€disability€ordinarily€resulting€from€a€conviction€or€operateÏto€disqualify€the€child€in€any€civil€service€application€or€appointment."ÌÌà Ø àRule€of€Appellate€Procedure€13(d)€involving€appeals€in€civil€actionsÏprovides€that€in€nonjury€cases€the€findings€of€fact€by€the€trial€court€areÏaccompanied€by€a€presumption€of€correctness€unless€the€preponderance€of€theÏevidence€is€otherwise.€€Rule€13(e)€of€the€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure€governsÏappeals€in€criminal€actions€under€which€a€finding€of€guilt,€either€by€the€trial€courtÏor€by€a€jury,€"...€shall€be€set€aside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€theÏfindings€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."ÌÌà Ø àWhile€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€37„1„133€specifically€mandatesÏthat€a€finding€of€delinquency€is€not€criminal,€it€is€well€to€observe€that€commonÏlaw,€statutory€and€constitutional€principles€protect€the€rights€of€juveniles€in€theÏsame€manner€as€they€protect€the€rights€of€adults.€€In€òòState€v.€Johnsonóó,€574€S.W.2dÐ H9˜4B Ð739€(Tenn.€1978)€it€is€said:ÌÓ€Óà8 Ø àDespite€this€stated€purpose€and€the€theory€underlying€the€juvenileÏcourt€system,€however,€courts€in€recent€years€have€emphasized€thatÏin€practical€effect€persons€involved€in€juvenile€proceedings€may€beÏdeprived€of€their€liberty.€€Increasingly,€concepts€of€the€criminal€law,Ïand€in€ñ–ññ•ñœñ•ññ–ñparticular€constitutional€principles€designed€to€protect€theÏrights€of€individual€charged€with€crime,€have€been€deemed€to€beÏñ–ñapplicabletoñ–ññ–ñapplicable€toñ–ñ€proceedings€involving€juvenile€offenders.Ð Ø ü!Ø ü! ÐÌ574€S.W.2d€739,€741.ÌÓ€ÓÌà Ø àEarlier€the€supreme€court€in€òòState€ex€rel.€Anglin€v.€Mitchellóó,€596€S.W.2dÐ pÀ  Ð779€had€dealt€primarily€with€the€right€of€a€juvenile€faced€with€loss€of€liberty€to€beÏtried€by€an€attorney€judge.€€The€court€observed:ÌÓ€ÓÓ<€ü(‚X" ˜‘X€ü(‚Xù˜‘X<Óà8 Ø àà " àThis€Court€unanimously€ñ–ñdeclardñ–ññ–ñdeclaredñ–ñ€in€òòPatrick€v.€Dicksonóó,€526Ð 8ˆ ÐS.W.2d€449€(Tenn.€1975):Ð Ø ü!Ø ü! Ðà8 Ø àIndeed,€the€entire€juvenile€court€structure,€despite€recent€renovationsÏand€innovations,€continues€to€constitute,€in€a€large€measure,€a€juniorÏcriminal€court.€à  àÐxÈØ ü!Ø ü! Ðà8 Ø àThis€characteristic€of€these€ñ–ñcouertsñ–ññ–ñcourtsñ–ñ€was€recognized€by€the€SupremeÏCourt€of€the€United€States€in€òòBreed€v.€Jonesóó,€421€U.S.€519,€95€S.Ct.Ð ˜è Ð1779,€44€L.Ed.2d€346€(1975),€wherein€the€Court€points€out€thatÏ"there€is€a€gap€between€the€originally€ñ–ñbegignñ–ññ–ñbenignñ–ñ€conception€of€theÏsystem€and€its€realities"€and€observes€that€recent€cases€require€"thatÏ[the]€courts€'eschew€the€"civil"€label€of€convenience€which€has€beenÏattached€to€juvenile€proceedings'€and€that€the€juvenile€process€...€beÏcandidly€appraised."€€526€S.W.2d€at€451.Ð Ø ü!Ø ü! ÐÌ596€S.W.2d€779,€784.ÌÓ€ÓÌà Ø àA€delinquent€child€may€be€fined,€ordered€to€ñ–ñpyañ–ññ–ñpayñ–ñ€restitution,€placed€onÏprobation€or€committed€to€the€custody€of€the€Department€of€Corrections.€€òòDoe€v.Ð X)¨$& ÐNorris,óó€751€S.W.2d€834.Ð ð*@&( ÐÌà Ø àTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€37„1„129(b)€demands€proof€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt€before€the€court€may€find€delinquency.€€The€"delinquent€act"€inÏthe€case€at€bar€is€a€felony€when€committed€by€an€adult.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€37„1„Ð P1 ,0 Ð102(b)(9)€and€T.C.A.€ðð€39„17„1309.ÌÌà Ø àSo€it€is€that€in€view€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€œñšñ1ñšñ3ñ›ñ7ñ›ñ„1„133,›€thisÏhybrid€fits€directly€into€neither€13(d)€or€13(e)€of€the€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure.ÌÐ H9˜4: Ðà Ø àRule€2€of€the€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure€provides€in€part:€€"For€goodÏcause,€including€the€interest€of€expediting€decision€upon€any€matter,€the€supremeÏcourt,€court€of€appeals,€or€court€of€criminal€appeals€may€suspend€the€ñ–ñreuqirementsñ–ññ–ñrequirementsñ–ñÏor€provisions€of€any€of€ñ–ñhteseñ–ññ–ñtheseñ–ñ€rules€in€a€particular€case€on€motion€of€a€party€or€onÏits€motion€and€may€order€proceedings€in€accordance€with€its€discretion,€..."ÌÌà Ø àRule€13(d)€of€the€Rules€of€ñ–ñAppel;lateñ–ññ–ñAppellateñ–ñ€Procedure€provides€in€pertinent€partÏ"unless€otherwise€required€by€statute,€..."€review€will€be€in€accordance€with€itsÏprovisions.€€Proof€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€on€a€delinquency€petition€isÏmandated€by€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€37„1„129(b).€€It€cannot€be€thatÏa€juvenile€is€entitled€to€be€judged€on€a€standard€of€proof€beyond€a€reasonableÏdoubt€in€the€trial€court€and€then€subjected€to€any€lesser€standard€on€appeal.€€It€mayÏbe€that€review€under€Rule€13(d)€can€be€made€compatible€with€a€reasonable€doubtÏstandard€just€as€it€has€been€made€compatible€ñ–ñiwthñ–ññ–ñwithñ–ñ€a€"clear€and€convincingÏevidence"€standard.€€òòSee€In€re:€€M.D.óó,€658€S.W.2d€112,€115€(Tenn.€App.€1983)Ð P Ðand€òòIn€re:€€Adoption€of€Selfóó,€836€S.W.2d€581,€582€(Tenn.€1992).€€We€prefer,Ð ˜è Ðhowever,€to€simply€apply€a€reasonable€doubt€appellate€standard€whereby€the€trialÏcourt€judgment€must€be€set€aside€if€we€find€the€evidence€insufficient€to€supportÏguilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€€ÌÌà Ø àUnder€the€reasonable€doubt€standard€the€supreme€court€has€stated:ñ–ñœñ–ñÌÓ<€ü(‚X¸ ˜‘X€ü(‚X" ˜‘X<ÓÓ€Óà8 Ø àà ¸ àWhen€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€challenged,€the€relevantÏquestion€for€an€appellate€court€is€whether,€after€viewing€the€evidenceÏin€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€ofÏfact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginia,óó€443€U.S.€307,€99€S.Ct.€2781,Ð h*¸%. Ð61€L.Ed.2d€560€(1979);€òòseeóó€Tenn.R.App.P.€13(e).€€A€jury€verdictÐ x+È&/ Ðapproved€by€the€trial€judge€credits€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€forÏthe€State€and€resolves€all€conflict€in€favor€of€the€State's€theory.€€òòStateÐ ˜-è(1 Ðv.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.1983),›€òòcert.€deniedóó,€465Ð ¨.ø)2 ÐU.S.€1073,€104€S.Ct.€1429,€79€L.Ed.2d€753€(1984);€òòState€v.€Hatchettóó,Ð ¸/+3 Ð560€S.W.2d€627,€630€(Tenn.1978).€€On€appeal,€the€State€is€entitledÏto€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€orÏlegitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.Ð è28.6 ÐCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.1978).€€A€verdict€against€theÐ ø3H/7 ÐDefendant€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€raises€aÏpresumption€of€guilt€on€appeal,€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476Ð 6h19 Ð(Tenn.1973),€which€the€Defendant€has€the€burden€of€overcoming.€Ð (7x2: ÐòòState€v.€Brownóó,€551€S.W.2d€329,€331€(Tenn.1977).Ð88ˆ3;Ø ü!Ø ü! ÐÐ H9˜4< ÐòòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€190„91€(Tenn.€œ1992).Ð ° ЛÌÌÓ€Óà Ø àThe€defendant€pleaded€"true"€in€the€juvenile€court€to€the€allegation€that€heÏcarried€a€knife€on€school€property.€€The€only€disputed€question€is€whether€or€notÏthe€evidence€establishes,€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt,€that€he€did€so€with€the€intentÏto€go€armed.ÌÌà Ø àThe€mental€state€of€carrying€a€weapon€with€intent€to€go€armed€may€beÏproved€by€circumstances€surrounding€the€carrying€of€the€weapon.€€òòBennett€v.Ð pÀ  ÐStateóó,€530€S.W.2d€788,€792€(Tenn.€Cr.€App.€1975).€€Intent€to€go€armed€cannot€beÐ X Ðpresumed€from€mere€possession€of€a€weapon€and€it€is€improper€to€instruct€a€juryÏregarding€such€a€presumption.€€òòLiming€v.€Stateóó,€œ220€Tenn.,€371,€382,417›€S.W.2dÐ 8ˆ Ð769,€774€œ(1967).›€€Intent€to€go€armed€may€be€inferred€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€theÏcircumstances€of€the€case€including€the€fact€of€the€possession€of€the€weapon.€ÏòòState€v.€Washingtonóó,€658€S.W.2d€144,€146€(Tenn.€Cr.€App.€1983);€òòCole€v.€Stateóó,Ð P Ð539€S.W.2d€46,€49€(Tenn.€Cr.€App.€1976).ÌÌà Ø àThe€proof€shows€that€Wayne€œH.›€admitted€that€he€possessed€the€knife€onÏschool€premises.€€He€admitted€that€he€had€displayed€a€knife€two€days€earlier€on€theÏschool€bus.€€He€acknowledged€that€he€knew€it€was€wrong€to€have€a€knife€in€hisÏpossession€at€school.€€He€explained€his€earlier€possession€of€the€knife€by€assertingÏthat€he€was€new€and€wished€to€impress€people€at€Page€Middle€School.€€On€AprilÏ22,€he€was€seen€displaying€a€knife€in€the€school€œcafeteria.€€His›€explanation€aboutÏborrowing€his€cousin's€coat€would€hardly€impress€any€rational€trier€of€fact.ÌÌà Ø àViewed€as€it€must€be€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€the€evidenceÏsupports€the€finding€of€the€trial€court€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€œWayne€H.›Ïcarried€the€knife€on€school€grounds€with€the€intent€to€go€armed.ÌÌà Ø àAppellant€next€asserts€that€he€was€denied€the€right€to€a€fair€trial€because€theÏcircuit€court€considered€the€juvenile€court's€final€order€as€evidence€of€guilt.€€TheÏrecord€does€not€support€this€assertion.€€It€was€not€the€findings€of€the€juvenile€courtÏbut€the€plea€of€"true"€to€the€charge€by€the€defendant€that€was€the€subject€of€theÏinquiry€of€counsel€by€the€circuit€judge.€€The€circuit€court€conducted€a€de€novoÐ H9˜4A Мhearing€and›€heard€testimony€from€witnesses€and€arguments€of€counsel€for€fourÏand€one„half€hours€before€announcing€its'€findings€of€guilt.€€€à ð àà H! àÐ H˜ ÐÌà Ø àœAppellant›€was€not€denied€his€right€to€a€fair€trial.ÌÌà Ø àThe€next€issue€raised€by€œAppellant›€involves€the€hearsay€statements€byÏwhich€Mrs.€Haselden€was€informed€of€the€previous€knife€carrying€incident€twoÏdays€earlier€on€the€school€bus.€€It€is€not€the€hearsay€statements€of€Mrs.€Haselden'sÏinformant€but€the€admission€of€the€defendant€in€response€thereto€that€incriminatesÏhim.€€In€the€sequence€of€events€Mrs.€Haselden€had€brought€œWayne›€to€her€officeÏto€inquire€about€the€cafeteria€incident.€€He€promptly€admitted€the€incident€andÏturned€the€knife€over€to€her€with€his€explanation€that€he€had€borrowed€his€cousin'sÏcoat€and€found€the€knife€in€the€pocket.€€It€was€at€this€point€that€Mrs.€HaseldenÏinformed€him€of€her€information€about€the€school€bus€incident€two€days€earlier.€ÏHe€thereupon€admitted€the€school€bus€knife€display€incident€and€that€he€wasÏcarrying€the€knife€to€impress€people.€€These€admissions€under€Tennessee€Rule€ofÏEvidence€803(1.2)€were€not€only€admissible€but€were€subject€of€no€objection€byÏcounsel.€€If€the€statement€of€Mrs.€Haselden's€informant€was€hearsay,€the€error€isÏharmless€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€and€not€a€basis€for€reversal.€€Rule€36(b)€RulesÏof€Appellate€Procedure.ÌÌà Ø àThe€court€of€criminal€appeals€has€correctly€held:ÌÓ€Óà8 Ø àà ¸ àOne€who€wishes€his€affairs€to€remain€secret€should€not€impartÏinformation€concerning€them€to€a€friend,€a€banker,€or€even€a€tapeÏrecorder€in€the€Oval€Office€of€the€President€of€the€United€States.€ÏOnce€having€been€voluntarily€made,€admissions€against€interest€toÏa€non„privileged€party€may€be€used€against€the€declarant€whether€theÏadmissions€take€the€form€of€an€oral€or€written€confession,€a€letter€toÏa€relative,€a€recorded€conversation,€a€deposit€slip€given€to€a€teller€atÏa€bank,€or€any€of€the€literally€hundreds€of€forms€communicationsÏtake.€€While€the€Fifth€Amendment€to€the€United€States€ConstitutionÏprotects€one€against€compulsory€furnishing€of€evidence€againstÏoneself,€it€does€not€extend€to€non„privileged€communications€to€thirdÏparties.Ð Ø ü!Ø ü! ÐÌòòSheets€v.€Hathcock,€óó528€S.W.2d€47,€50€(Tenn.€Cr.€App.€1975).Ð 5à09 ÐÓ€ÓÌà Ø àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÐ Ð9 5> Ðà Ø àAppellant€next€complains€that€the€use€of€the€juvenile€detention€center€as€aÏplace€of€confinement€is€an€unlawful€use€of€that€facility.€€First€of€all€the€trial€courtÏhad€found€the€œdefendant,€guilty›€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€of€carrying€a€weaponÏfor€the€purpose€of€going€armed€on€school€property.€€The€sentence€ordered€was€aÏforty„eight€hour€detention€in€the€juvenile€detention€center€and€the€suspension€ofÏhis€driver's€license€for€a€period€of€one€year.€€The€court€further€found€that€short„¼term€detention€in€the€juvenile€detention€center€would€be€suitable€as€a€rehabilitativeÏeffort.€€Dr.€Gail€Colvert,€director€of€the€ALC,€testified€that€such€short„termÏdetention€was€not€punishment€alone€but€rehabilitative€in€effect.€€It€was€thus€"...€aÏprogram€of€treatment,€training€and€rehabilitation€..."€€œòòSee€óóTenn.›€Code€Ann.€ðð€œ37„1„Ð X Ð101.›€€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€œ71„3„501›€provides:€€"'Detention€center'Ïmeans€a€place€or€facility€operated€by€any€entity€or€person,€governmental€orÏotherwise,€for€the€confinement€in€a€hardware€secure€facility€of€a€child€or€childrenÏwho€meet€the€criteria€of€section€37„1„114(c)€or€other€applicable€laws€œ..."€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€71„3„501(b)(16)(Supp.€1998).›ÌÌà Ø àTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€37„1„131(a)(3)€is€sufficiently€broad€inÏscope€to€include€juvenile€detention€centers€as€suitable€for€juveniles€"in€need€ofÏlegal€temporary€placement".€ÌÌà Ø àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà Ø àFinally,€appellant€asserts€that€officials€of€Page€Middle€School€failed€toÏcomply€with€the€Individuals€With€Disability's€Education€Act.€€("IDEA")€20€U.S.C.Ïsec.€1400,€et€seq.€and€with€regulations€adopted€by€the€Tennessee€Board€ofÏEducation€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€49„10„101(c)(1998)€toÏeffect€compliance€with€IDEA.ÌÌà Ø àThis€issue€is€raised€for€the€first€time€in€this€Court€and€was€neither€presentedÏto€nor€adjudicated€by€the€trial€court.€€It€has€been€effectively€waived€by€theÏappellant.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€œ36(a);òò€óó›€òòSimpson€v.€Frontier€Community€Credit€Unionóó,Ð €4Ð/< Ð810€S.W.2d€œ147,€153›€(Tenn.€1991).Ì̜РH9˜4B Лà Ø àRegardless€of€waiver€we€find€this€issue€to€be€without€merit.€€The€principalÏcase€relied€upon€is€the€unreported€decision€of€the€court€of€appeals€in€the€case€ofÐ H˜ ÐòòIn€re:€€Tony€œMcCannóó,€C.A.€No.€158,€1990›€WL€16883€œ(Tenn.€Ct.›€œApp.€July€30,Ð à0 Ð1990).›€€In€that€case,€the€court€was€dealing€with€a€de€novo€review€of€a€finding€inÏthe€trial€court€that€a€handicapped€child€was€unruly.€€The€court€of€appeals€œreversed,›Ïholding€that€"...€school€discipline€problems€and€a€student's€failure€to€performÏassignments€must€be€addressed€within€the€administrative€frame€work€of€the€schoolÏsystem€before€the€school€system€can€resort€to€court€intervention."€€œIn€re:€€òòMcCannóóÐ Ø(  Ð1990€WL€16883€at€*3.€€The›€òòMcCannóó€case€involved€only€a€finding€of€unrulinessÐ pÀ  Ðunder€what€is€now€codified€as€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€37„1„¼102(b)(23).€€In€this€case,€the€defendant€has€been€found€guilty€of€a€delinquent€actÏunder€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€37„1„102(b)(9).€€This€delinquent€act€wasÏa€felony,€not€an€unruly€disciplinary€problem.€€The€appellant€had€been€a€student€atÏPage€School€only€three€days€when€the€delinquent€act€occurred.ÌÌà Ø àUnder€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€37„1„128(c)(1),€the€most€that€canÏbe€said€is€that€evaluation€for€treatment€of€special€education€students€may€beÏundertaken€by€the€trial€court€before€disposition€is€made€of€a€child€who€has€beenÏadjudicated€œdelinquent.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„128(c)(1)(1996).›ÌÌà Ø àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€in€all€respects€affirmed€and€the€case€isÏremanded€to€the€Juvenile€Court€of€Williamson€County.€€It€has€now€been€over€aÏyear€since€the€adjudication€of€delinquency€and€the€sentence€of€forty„eight€hoursÏdetention.€€Remand€is€without€prejudice€to€the€right€of€the€juvenile€court€to€revisitÏthe€disposition€issue€if€intervening€events€justify€either€reduction€of€the€sentenceÏor€an€evaluation€process€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€37„1„128(c)(1).ÌÌà Ø àCosts€are€assessed€against€the€appellant.Ìñ˜ñœñ˜ñœÌ›ÌÓ€ÓœÓ<€ü(‚X¸ À˜‘X€ü(‚X¸ ˜‘X<Óà Ø àà ¸ àà À à_______________________________________Ìà Ø àà ¸ àà À àWILLIAM€B.€CAIN,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÐ Ð9 5A ЇÌñžññžññŸñCONCURRING€UNDERÌSEPARATE€OPINIONÌWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEñŸññžñÌÌÌñžñCONCUR:ÌÌÌ____________________________________ÌBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€P.J.,€M.S.ÌÌÌñœñ____________________________________ñœñÌññWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEññÌÌñ˜ñ›Ô†ÿÿÔÔ†ÿÿÔÔ  ÔÔ  Ôñ˜ñ