WPC& @P6JtFhؗ-ʔq<3:hwq]3זso qYm`g. -(İApFaO#Fatherstatedthathesmokescigarettes,butthathesmokes 4 outsideofhishomemostofthetime.     Fathertestifiedthathehasaverygoodrelationshipwithhisdaughter.Hedeniedhavingever   abusedher.Hestatedthatheattendschurchwith_Katelyn_Ԁwhenhisworkschedulepermits.Father  testifiedthathehasnotmedicated_Katelyn_Ԁexceptasprescribedbyherdoctor,andthathehasnever  seen_Katelyn_Ԁbehave rebelliouslyor aggressively. l   Fathertestifiedthathebelievedthatallowing_Katelyn_ԀtomovewithAuntandUnclewould D! createdisruptioninherlife.HestatedthatAuntandUnclehaveattemptedtopoison_Katelyn_Ԁagainst 0"  himandhispresentwifeandthattheyaretryingtotake_Katelyn_Ԁawayfromhim.Hetestifiedthat #l! hisworkschedulewouldprecludehimfromtakingthreetofourdaystovisit_Katelyn_. $X"   OnMarch30,1999,thetrialcourtenteredanorderstating: %0!$ 8  ...whilethenaturalparentshaveprecedent[sic]overotherpersonswithregardto '#& thecustody,theKings,inthiscase,dohavecustodyofthechildbyagreementofthe (#' naturalparents.Inorderfortheretobeachange,theremustbeashowingofa )$( changeofcircumstance,notjustonthepartofthenoncustodialparentwhomay |*%) havedonebettersinceheeitherlostorgaveupcustody.Theremustbeashowing h+&* ofchangeofcircumstanceandinthiscase,theCourtfindsthatthereisnoshowing  ofchangeofcircumstanceotherthanthefactthatMr.Kinghasapromotionandthe  familywillbemovingandtheCourtfindthatmovingisnotthebasisforlosing  custodyoftheminorchild.t   ThetrialcourtfoundthatFatherhadremarriedandthathenowwantedcustodyof_Katelyn_,butthat L   thereisnoshowingthatthereisachangeofcircumstancewiththecustodiansthatworkstothe 8  detrimentofthechild.Consequently,thetrialcourtdismissedFatherspetitionforcustodyand $ t grantedAuntandUnclespetitiontomovewith_Katelyn_Ԁtoanotherstate.Fromthisorder,Father  ` nowappeals.  L    Onappeal,Fatherarguesthatthetrialcourterredinrequiringhimtodemonstratea change $  ofcircumstancewarrantingachangeincustodyfromAuntandUncle.Fathercontendsthatthe    materialandsubstantialchangeofcircumstancestestappliesonlyincustodydisputesbetweentwo   parents.Heassertsthat,underTennesseelaw,inacustodydisputebetweenaparentandanon   parent,aparentcannotbedeprivedofcustodyofhischildunlesstherehasbeenafindingthat    substantialharmwouldresultifcustodywereawardedtotheparent.Fatherclaimsthat,because p thetrialcourtmadenofindingof substantialharm,itsdenialofFatherspetitionwasinerror. \   AuntandUncleconcedethatthetrialcourtbaseditsdismissalofFatherscustodypetition 4 onafindingthatFatherhadfailedtoshowamaterialandsubstantialchangeofcircumstances.  p However,theycontendthattherecordonappealdemonstratesthatFatherisunfitandthat  \  substantialharmwillresultifFatherisgrantedcustodyof_Katelyn_.AuntandUnclecitethe H testimonythat_Katelyn_ԀisoftensickafterreturningfromFathershomeandthatshebehaves 4 aggressivelyandrebelliously.TheyclaimthatFathercontinuestosmokecigarettesin_Katelyn_s   presencedespiteherallergytocigarettesmoke.AuntandUncleassertthatFatherdoesnotgive   _Katelyn_Ԁmedicationasprescribedwhensheisill,andthatFatherhaslosthistemperandspankedhis  eightyearoldstepdaughter.    Sincethiscasewastriedbythetrialcourtsittingwithoutajury,wereviewthecasedenovo l upontherecordwithapresumptionofcorrectnessofthefindingsoffactbythetrialcourt. See  X  _Tenn.R.App.P._Ԁ13(d).Wereviewquestionsoflawdenovowithnopresumptionofcorrectnessin D! thetrialcourtsdecision. See  _Ridings_Ԁv.RalphM.ParsonsCo., 914_S.W.2d_Ԁ79,80(Tenn.1996). 0"    Tennesseecourtshavelongrecognizedthat therightofaparentissuperiorinacustody $X" disputebetweenaparentandathirdparty. Dolesv.Doles ,848_S.W.2d_Ԁ656,660(Tenn.Ct.App. $D # 1992).Asbetweenanaturalparentandanonparent,thenaturalparentcannotbedeprivedof %0!$ custodyofthechildunlesstherehasbeenafinding,afternoticerequiredbydueprocess,that &"% substantialharmthreatensthechildswelfareifcustodyisgiventotheparent. See  InreAskew  '#& ( Lewisv._Donoho_ ),993_S.W.2d_Ԁ1,4(Tenn.1999)(  Askew ); seealso Deanv.Compton ,No. (#' _M1998_Ԅ00052_COA_Ԅ_R3_ԄCV,2000WL329351,at*13(Tenn.Ct.App.Mar.30,2000).Sufficient )$( groundsforanonparenttoseekcustodyofachildmightincludeunfitnessoftheparentand |*%) dependencyandneglectofthechild. See Askew at35. h+&*   In Askew ,themotherhadaskedathirdpartytocareforherchildwhenthechildwasquite  young. Id. ,993_S.W.2d_Ԁat1.Ina perfunctoryorder,thejuvenilecourtawardedcustodyofthe  childtothethirdpartybasedonthefactthatthechildhadbeenlivingwiththethirdparty. Id. at2.  Therewasnoallegationorfindingofunfitnessordependencyandneglect. Seeid. at2,n.2.Shortly t thereafter,themotherpetitionedforcustodyofthechild.Afterahearingonthemotherspetition, ` thejuvenilecourtawarded temporarycustodyofthechildtothethirdparty,butnotedthatitwas L  only delayingrestoringcustodytothenaturalparentsuntilthemotherdemonstratedshewasable 8  tocareforthechild. Id. at2.Theorderwasnotappealed,butseveralyearslaterwaschallengedin $ t courtbythemother. Seeid.   `   Initsanalysis,theTennesseeSupremeCourtin Askew emphasizedthat anaturalparentmay  8  onlybedeprivedofcustodyofachilduponashowingofsubstantialharmtothechild. Id. at4. $  TheCourtnotedthatthejuvenilecourtordercontained neitheranexplicitnorimplicitfindingof   substantialharm,andthattheordertermedthecustodyawarded temporaryandstatedthatthe   juvenilecourtwas onlydelayingrestoringcustodytothemother. Id. TheCourtstated:   8  Themagnitudeofaparentsconstitutionalrighttorearandhavecustodyofhisorher p childrenwouldnecessitateaclearfindingofsubstantialharm.\   8  @$$(  *** 4 8  Itappearsthatnovaliddeterminationwasevermadethat[themothers]custodyof  \ [thechild]wouldresultin substantialharmtothechild.Absentsuchafinding,we H concludethatthedeprivationofthecustodyofherchildhasresultedinan 4 abridgementof[themothers]fundamentalrighttoprivacy.     Id. at45(citationsomitted).    Inthiscase,unlike Askew ,thereisnoindicationthattheagreedordergrantingcustodyof  _Katelyn_ԀtoAuntandUnclewasintendedasatemporaryorder.However,asin Askew ,itdoesnot l appearthatthecustodyorderwasbasedonafinding,implicitorexplicit,thatthenaturalparents X  wereunfitorthatsubstantialharmwouldresultto_Katelyn_Ԁifcustodywereawardedtooneofthe D! naturalparents. #  2      ׀Therefore,priortohearingFatherspetitionforcustody,thetrialcourthadnot 0"  enteredanawardofpermanentcustodytoAuntandUncle,basedonafinding,implicitorexplicit, #l! thatthenaturalparentswereunfitorthatsubstantialharmwouldresultto_Katelyn_Ԁifcustodywere $X" awardedtooneofthenaturalparents.Assetforthin Askew ,intheabsenceofanorderbasedon $D # suchafinding,inconsideringFatherspetitionforcustody,thetrialcourtwasrequiredtodetermine %0!$ ifFatherwasunfitorwhethersubstantialharmwouldresultto_Katelyn_ԀifFatherwereawarded &"% custodyofher.InthehearingonFatherspetition,thetrialcourtheldthat,inordertobeawarded '#& custody,Fatherwasrequiredtoshowthattherewasamaterialchangeofcircumstanceregarding  AuntandUncle.Underthecircumstanceofthiscase,wemustconcludethatthetrialcourtapplied  anerroneouslegalstandard.    AuntandUncleargueonappealthat,eveniftheorderpermittingthemtoretaincustodyof ` _Katelyn_Ԁandmovewasbasedonanerroneouslegalstandard,therecordsupportsafindingthat L  Fatherisunfitorthatsubstantialharmwouldresultto_Katelyn_ԀfromanawardofcustodytoFather. 8  Wedisagree.ThetrialcourtsimplydidnotaddresstheissueofFathersfitnessorwhether $ t substantialharmwouldresultto_Katelyn_ԀifcustodywereawardedtoFather.Consequently,onissues  ` onwhichthetestimonyconflicted,nodeterminationsofcredibilityweremade.Moreover,evenif  L  thetrialcourthadresolvedallissuesofcredibilityagainstFather,histestimonyisundisputedthat  8  henolongerconsumesalcohol,doesnotsmokecigarettesinhishome,andthathenowhasastable $  homeenvironment.Consequently,wemustremandthiscauseforahearingonFatherspetition,   applyingtheappropriatelegalstandard.Onremand,thepartiesshallnotbelimitedtotheevidence   alreadypresentedbelow,butshallbepermitted,inthetrialcourtsdiscretion,tosubmitevidence   relevanttotheissues,includingbutnotlimitedtofullexaminationofDr._Hebda_Ԁifrequested.     Insum,wereversethetrialcourtsdenialofFatherspetitionforcustodyanditsgrantof \ AuntandUnclespetitiontoretaincustodyof_Katelyn_Ԁandmovehertoanotherjurisdiction.We H remandthecasetothetrialcourtfordeterminationofwhether X@XXX@Fatherisunfitorwhethersubstantial 4 harmwouldresultifcustodyof_Katelyn_ԀwereawardedtoFather.Ifsuchafindingismade,thetrial  p courtmaythenevaluatecustodyinlightofthebestinterestsofthechild. SeeAskew ,993_S.W.2d_  \ at4; seealsoBond ,896_S.W.2d_Ԁat548,and Dean ,2000WL329351,at*15.#X@XX X@$s# H   Thedecisionofthetrialcourtisreversedandremanded.CostsaretaxedagainstAppellees,   _Jodean_ԀandJosephKing,forwhichexecutionmayissueifnecessary.        `     h   򀀀__ l    `     h   HOLLYKIRBYLILLARD,J. X