ÿWPC=$ …# VUFa %§ 0 @­4í w@ 0„P 0DÔ  n­ Í 0JÍ 0T 0^k 0hÉ 0r1 0|£ 0† 0¥ 1u5U,ª 0dÖ B: D3WU,ŠU6¶ 0@ìB),DCU AM˜U*åBQojÙï= v~GvÓÅ AO˜"Æç" 0D­# D/ñ# B $˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 <¾½Q 9Z ‹.Courier New RegularX(ù$¡¡Ó  ÓÓ  ÓÂZË ¡Ó 3|x] IJEKLDMNODPDQÓ€](4(3DX$¤¤Ý ƒù!ÝÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó«<þ6X9`("Courier 10cpiXXxþ6X@É“8Ç;X@2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d&&&&'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Courier New("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò% Line 7 d....7Border 1dd€-/Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial 8Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÔ€,ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ€1ÔÔ€1ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€1XÔÌÌò òJune€11,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€1ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÔ€,ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòA€timely€objection€was€made€by€the€defendant€to€the€admission€of€theÏreport.óóÌ eÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÔ€,ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòThe€introduction€of€this€report€was€made€during€the€testimony€ofÏRussell€King,€formerly€the€attorney€for€the€plaintiffs€in€this€action.€€HeÏtestified€that€he€had€called€Ms.€Solomon€to€clear€up€confusion€about€her€name.€ÏHe€further€testified€that€during€the€ensuing€conversation€Ms.€Solomon€repre…sented€to€him€that€€she€did€not€know€the€color€of€the€traffic€lights€at€theÏtime€of€the€accident.€€He€further€testified€that€when€he€learned€that€Ms.ÏSolomon€had€changed€her€story,€he€realized€that€he€was€a€potential€materialÏwitness€in€the€case€and€ceased€his€representation€of€the€plaintiffs.€€TheÏpolice€report€was€proffered€to€explain€why€Mr.€King€had€contacted€Ms.€Solomon.óóÌ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÔ€,ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòObjections,€rulings€thereon€and€statements€of€counsel€have€beenÏomitted.óóÌ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÔ€,ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòIt€is€significant€to€note€that€this€date€is€prior€to€the€accident€inÏquestion.óóÌ 3Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÔ€,ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòWe€agree€with€Judge€Susano€that€the€phrase€"reasonable€medical€certain…ty"€€is€not€a€magic€phrase€which€is€required€in€the€testimony€of€a€medicalÏexpert.€€It€is€sufficient€if€the€evidence€establishes,€if€accredited€by€theÏtrier€of€fact,€that€€the€accident€in€question€or€other€conduct€of€the€defen…dant€was€a€proximate€cause€of€the€injury€for€which€damages€are€sought.óóÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€!ÔÓ&€++X„d&ÓÑ#€++Xd#ÑÔ€,ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ ¸ ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€i”XXdÖXXdÖ7Ñ›à@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALSÌÌÌÌÌÌÙ€€ÙœßL€02/;+'h|hˆ` Å `€€Lß›ÌÌœDANITA›€D.€and€RODNEY€YOUNGBLOOD,)à àHAMILTON€CIRCUITÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àC.A.€NO.€03A01„9601„CV„00037Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€Plaintiffs„Appellees€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ìvs.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àHON.€ROBERT€M.€œSUMMITT›Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àJUDGEÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)ÌKITTY€REBECCA€œQUILLIAMS›€œSOLOMON›,)à àAFFIRMED€IN€PART,€REVERSEDÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)€€IN€PART€AND€REMANDEDÌ€€€€€€€€€€Defendant„Appellant€€€)ÌÌÌÌÌPAUL€CAMPBELL,€III,€Campbell€and€Campbell,€Chattanooga,€for€Appel…lant.ÌÌÌœHOYT›€O.€SAMPLES,€Samples,€Jennings€&€œPineda›,€Chattanooga,€forÏAppellees.ÌÌÌÌÌÌÓÓà@ àòòO€P€I€N€I€O€NóóÌÌà€ àMcMurray,€J.ÌÌà àThis€action€arises€from€œa›€typical€intersection„traffic„€lightÏautomobile€accident.€€The€case€was€tried€before€a€jury.€€The€juryÏrendered€a€verdict€finding€the€defendant„appellant€to€be€100Ïpercent€at€fault€and€established€damages€at€$4,000€for€the€plain…tiff,€Rodney€Youngblood€and€$11,500.00€for€the€plaintiff,€œDanita›ÏD.€Youngblood.€€A€counterclaim€was€dismissed.€€Judgment€was€en…tered€on€the€jury€verdict€and€this€appeal€resulted.€€We€affirm€inÏpart€and€reverse€in€part.ÌÌà àThe€appellant€presents€numerous€issues€for€our€consideration.€ÏThe€main€thrust€of€the€first€three€issues€challenges€the€trialÏcourt's€action€in€admitting€into€evidence€the€front€page€of€a€copyÏof€a€police€officer's€report€concerning€the€accident.€€AppellantÏchallenges€the€introduction€of€the€document€on€three€grounds:€€(1)Ïœthat€the›€accident€report€was€introduced€into€evidence€contrary€toÏT.C.A.€ðð€55„10„114;€(2)€that€the€report€had€been€altered€and€wasÍnot€properly€authenticated;€and€(3)€that€the€report€containedÏinformation€concerning€the€defendant's€liability€insurance€carri…er.ÌÌà àObviously,€each€of€the€three€complaints€relating€to€theÏaccident€report€have€€merit.€€The€introduction€of€the€policeÏreport€is€proscribed€by€T.C.A.€ðð€55„10„114(b)€which€provides€inÏpertinent€part€as€follows:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà à(b)€€No€reports€or€information€in€this€sectionÏshall€be€used€as€evidence€in€any€trial,€civil€or€crimi…nal,€arising€out€of€an€accident,€except€that€the€depart…ment€shall€furnish€upon€demand€of€any€party€to€suchÏtrial,€or€upon€demand€of€any€court,€a€certificate€show…ing€that€a€specified€accident€report€has€or€has€not€beenÏmade€to€the€department€in€compliance€with€law.ÌÌÓÓÌà àThere€are€no€exceptions€in€the€statute€for€introduction€of€aÏreport€as€evidence€in€any€manner€and€we€are€not€inclined€to€createÏone.× ƒ3 ××  ×€€It€has€been€held€that€an€officer's€report€may€used€for€theÏpurpose€of€refreshing€the€officer's€memory.€€òòSeeóó€òòLee€v.€œShipp›óó,Í(Tenn.€App.€opinion€filed€September€11,€œ1985).›€€òòSee€alsoóó€TennesseeÏRules€of€Evidence,€Rule€803(5),€relating€to€refreshment€of€aÏwitness'€recollection.€€It€would€appear€that€Rule€803(5)€wouldÏmake€the€police€report€admissible€absent€the€statutory€prohibi…tion.€€We€are€of€the€opinion,€however,€that€the€statutory€prohibi…tion€against€admission€must€prevail.€€òòSeeóó€Rule€101,€TennesseeÏRules€of€Evidence€and€òòœMcBee›€v.€Williamsóó,€405€S.W.2d€668€(Tenn.ÏApp.€1966).€€òòœMcBee›óó€expressly€holds€that€the€question€of€admissi…bility€of€such€[accident]€reports€is€controlled€by€T.C.A.€ðð€Ï59„1014€[now€T.C.A.€ðð€55„10„114].€€We€agree€with€òòœMcBee›óó€and€holdÏthat€police€reports€prepared€and€filed€pursuant€to€T.C.A.€ðð€55„10„114€are€inadmissible€as€evidence€and€the€admission€of€the€of€theÏreport€in€this€case€was€error.ÌÌà àIt€is€elementary€that€authentication€of€evidence€is€a€condi…tion€precedent€to€its€admissibility.€€òòSeeóó€œRules›€901€and€902,ÏTennessee€Rules€of€Evidence.€€A€police€report€of€an€accident€doesÏnot€fall€within€the€classification€of€documents€which€are€self„authenticating.€€In€the€case€under€consideration,€the€report€wasÏintroduced€without€authentication.€€The€officer€who€prepared€theÍreport€was€called€as€a€witness€by€the€plaintiffs.€€No€attempt€wasÏmade€to€authenticate€the€report€by€the€officer,€rather,€the€reportÏwas€introduced€simply€at€the€request€of€plaintiffs'€counsel.× ƒ4 ××  ×ÌÌà àThe€record€reflects€that€three€copies€of€the€police€reportÏwere€received€by€the€court.€€The€first,€(exhibit€21),€which€wasÏadmitted€into€evidence,€appeared€to€be€altered€from€its€originalÏform€in€that€it€reflected€the€name€of€a€person€other€than€theÏdefendant€as€the€driver's€name.€€It€also€contained€in€the€box€for€ÏMs.€Youngblood's€address€the€notation€"State€Farm."ÌÌà àThe€second€copy€tendered€to€the€court€was€marked€exhibit€22ÏI.D.,€and€contained€the€same€information€as€exhibit€21€plus€œaddi…tional›€information€written€on€the€top€of€the€document€relating€toÏthe€defendant's€insurance€company€and€claims€representative.€€TheÍthird€copy,€marked€as€exhibit€23€I.D.,€appears€to€be€an€unalteredÏcopy€of€the€original€report.ÌÌà àSince€exhibits€22€and€23€were€marked,€apparently€for€identƒification€only,€it€would€be€reasonable€to€believe€that€they€wereÏnot€made€available€for€the€jury's€inspection.€€The€record,€howev…er,€does€not€demon‚strate€clearly€which€copy,€if€any,€was€submittedÏto€the€jury.€€There€was€a€long€colloquy€between€the€attorneys€andÏthe€trial€judge€in€chambers.€€The€colloquy€sheds€little€light€onÏthe€question€of€which,€if€either,€of€the€reports€the€jury€wasÏallowed€to€view,€but€to€the€contrary€adds€to€the€confusion€regard…ing€the€question.€€It€would€appear€from€remarks€of€the€trial€judgeÏthat€at€the€time€of€the€conference€in€chambers,€the€jury€had€notÏyet€been€allowed€to€see€either€of€the€reports.€€Further,€it€ap…pears€that€the€offending€information€alleged€to€have€been€writtenÏin€the€top€margin€of€the€police€report€was€excised.€€In€any€event,Ïthe€information€that€appears€in€the€top€margin€of€exhibit€22€doesÏnot€appear€in€the€top€margin€of€exhibit€21.€€Since€exhibit€21€wasÏadmitted€into€evidence€and€exhibits€22€and€23€were€marked€forÍI.D.,€we€will€presume€that€exhibit€21€was€made€available€to€theÏjury.ÌÌà àAs€noted€above,€the€introduction€of€the€police€report€wasÏerror.€€Our€next€inquiry€is€whether€the€error€was€harmless€orÏreversible€error.€€Rule€œ36,€Tennessee›€Rules€of€Appellate€œProce…dure,›€provides€as€follows:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà à(b)€effect€of€error.€ð"ð€A€final€judgment€from€whichÏrelief€is€available€and€otherwise€appropriate€shall€notÏbe€set€aside€unless,€considering€the€whole€record,€errorÏinvolving€a€substantial€right€more€probably€than€notÏaffected€the€judgment€or€would€result€in€prejudice€toÏthe€judicial€process.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àIt€appears€that€the€introduction€of€the€first€page€of€theÏpolice€report,€standing€alone,€would€neither€have€affected€theÏjudgment€or€result€in€prejudice€to€the€judicial€process.€€TheÏeffect€of€introducing€a€police€report€with€information€identifyingÏthe€liability€insurance€companies€of€the€parties€is€another€mat…ter.ÌÌà àThere€is€a€general€rule€in€this€state€that€evidence€relatingÏto€the€existence€or€non„existence€of€liability€insurance€is€notÏadmissible.€òòWoods€v.€œMeacham›óó,€46€Tenn.€App.€711,€333€S.W.2d€567Ï(1960).€Deliberate€injection€of€the€matter€into€the€trial€isÏground€for€a€reversal.€òòIdóó.€However,€where€such€evidence€comes€outÏinadvertently€in€the€examination€of€a€witness€on€other€subjects,Ïthe€tendency€is€to€allow€the€verdict€to€stand€unless€the€recordÏshows€that€the€evidence€had€some€effect€on€the€jury.€òòSeeóó€òòFinks€v.ÏœGillum›óó,€38€Tenn.€App.€304,€273€S.W.2d€722€(1954);€òòSeals€v.€Sharpóó,Ï31€Tenn.€App.€75,€212€S.W.2d€620€(1948).ÌÌà àIn€this€case,€we€are€unable€to€determine€from€the€recordÏbefore€us€whether€the€jury€had€before€it€evidence€of€the€existenceÏor€non„existence€of€liability€insurance.€€If€we€were€able€toÏdetermine€to€a€satisfactory€degree€that€such€proof€was€before€theÏœjury›€coupled€with€the€erroneous€admission€of€the€police€reportÏinto€evidence,€we€would€not€hesitate€to€hold€the€errors€to€beÏreversible.€€In€this€instance,€however,€we€are€left€to€speculateÏand€this€we€are€unable€to€do.€€We,€therefore,€find€that€the€appel…lant€has€failed€to€establish€to€the€requisite€degree€of€probabili…ty€that€the€issue€relating€to€the€erroneous€introduction€of€theÏpolice€report€is€reversible€error.ÌÌà àWe€will€next€turn€our€attention€to€the€issue€which€we€consid…er€to€be€dispositive€of€this€appeal€as€between€the€appellant€andÏthe€appellee,€Ms.€Youngblood.€€The€appellant€insists€that€there€isÏan€insufficient€nexus€between€the€injuries€complained€of€by€Ms.ÏYoungblood€and€the€accident€in€question.€Dr.€Steven€‚Tipps,€whoseÏqualifications€as€an€oral€maxillofacial€surgeon€were€stipulated,Ïtestified€by€deposition€on€behalf€of€the€plaintiff.€€He€testifiedÏthat€he€initially€saw€Ms.€Youngblood€on€February€25,€1992.€€AtÏthat€time€he€found€that€"she€had€bilateral€temporomandibular€jointÏpain€at€that€time€which€was€three€years€duration."€€He€performedÏsurgery€on€her€on€March€œ10th›,€1992,€which€he€considered€success…ful.€€His€last€contact€with€Ms.€Youngblood€prior€to€the€accidentÏwas€in€August,€1992.€€Dr.€Tipps€testified€that€in€August€1992,€œhe›Ïand€Ms.€Youngblood€discussed€redoing€the€surgery€on€the€left€sideÏof€Ms.€Youngblood's€jaw.€He€further€testified€that€he€first€sawÏMs.€Youngblood,€post€accident,€on€October€20,€1992,€which€was€sixÏdays€after€the€accident€in€question.€€He€noted€a€history€that€sheÍhad€been€in€a€motor€vehicle€accident€in€which€she€struck€her€leftÏjaw,€and€that€she€had€an€increase€in€her€problems€associated€withÏher€left€temporomandibular€joint€at€that€time.ÌÌà àThe€following€questions€were€asked€of€Dr.€Tipps€and€theÏfollowing€answers€given:× ƒ5 ××  ×ÌÌÓÓà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àWhen€Ms.€Youngblood€came€back€on€August€20,€1992€toÏsee€you,€what€did€you€do€with€her€at€that€time."× ƒ6 ××  ×ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àWell,€other€than€the€exam€or€following€the€exam,€weÏdiscussed€redoing€the€œarthroscopic›€surgery€on€theÏleft€side€once€again.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àWas€that€surgery€eventually€done?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àThat€surgery€was€scheduled€and€done€in€NovemberÏ1992.ÌÌà@ à*€€€€€*€€€€€*€€€€€*ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àDr.€Tipps,€assuming€the€history€of€Mrs.€YoungbloodÏas€has€been€presented€to€you,€I€would€like€you€toÏfurther€assume€this€fact,€that€Mrs.€Youngblood€wasÏinvolved€in€a€motor€vehicle€accident€on€October€14,Ï1992,€during€which€she€struck€her€head.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àà àDo€you€have€an€opinion€as€to€a€reasonable€degree€ofÏmedical€certainty€as€to€whether€such€a€motor€vehi…cle€accident€more€probably€than€not€aggravated€theÏcondition€in€her€left€œTMJ›€joint?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àI€would€say€so€yes.ÌÌÌà@ à*€€€€€*€€€€€*€€€€€*ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àWith€the€same€assumptions€and€the€same€factors,€doÏyou€have€an€opinion€as€to€a€reasonable€degree€ofÏmedical€certainty€of€whether€the€second€œTMJ›€surgeryÏon€November€17,€1992€was€more€probably€than€notÏcaused€by€this€motor€vehicle€accident?ÌÌà@ à*€€€€€*€€€€€*€€€€€*ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àWell€in€view€of€the€fact€that€we€had€previouslyÏdiscussed€redoing€œarthroscopic›€surgery€on€thatÏside,€it€may€have€been€going€to€be€done€whether€sheÏhad€the€accident€or€not.€€But€certainly,€the€acciƒdent€did€not€improve€the€situation.ÌÌÓÓÌà àWhile€we€recognize€that€the€"reasonable€degree€of€medicalÏcertainty"€test€may€now€have€given€way€to€the€"more€probable€thanÏnot"€test,€we€are€of€the€opinion€that€the€above€testimony€meetsÏneither.€€òòSeeóó€òòReel€v.€œCrawford›óó,€an€unreported€opinion€from€thisÍcourt€with€a€concurring€opinion€by€Judge€Susano,€filed€August€1,Ï1994.× ƒ7 ××  ×ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àOur€courts€have€consistently€required€a€reasonableÏdegree€of€medical€certainty€from€experts€before€theirÏopinions€are€admissible€as€evidence.€For€example,€inÏòòœAetna›€Casualty€and€Surety€Co.€v.€Longóó,€569€S.W.2d€444,Ï446€(Tenn.€1987),€testimony€that€the€injury€"could€haveÏbeen€caused"€was€insufficiently€certain.€Similarly€inÏòòKnoxville€Poultry€and€Egg€Company€v.€Robinsonóó,€477ÏS.W.2d€515,€517€(Tenn.€1972),€testimony€that€there€was€aÏ"possible"€causal€connection€was€also€insufficientlyÏcertain.€ÌÌÓÓÌà àWe€are€of€the€opinion€that€substituting€"more€probable€thanÏnot"€for€"reasonable€degree€of€medical€certainty"€in€the€aboveÏquoted€rule€would€not€alter€its€application€in€this€case.€€Dr.ÏœTipp's›€testimony€that€"it€[the€operation]€may€have€been€going€toÏbe€done€whether€she€had€the€accident€or€not.€€But€certainly,€theÏacci‚dent€did€not€improve€the€situation"€is€too€speculative€andÏuncertain€to€substantially€assist€the€jury€in€determining€whetherÍthe€accident€necessitated€the€additional€surgery.€We€are€of€theÏopinion€that€the€court's€action€in€allowing€the€reception€ofÏevidence€relating€to€the€subsequent€surgery€and€the€costs€associ…ated€therewith€constitutes€reversible€error€as€between€the€defen…dant€and€Ms.€Youngblood.ÌÌà àThe€œappellant›€further€charges€the€trial€court€with€error€inÏrefusing€to€give€certain€requested€jury€charges€relating€to€aÏœparty's›€duty€at€an€intersection€and€judging€the€credibility€of€aÏwitness.€€We€have€examined€the€court's€charge€to€the€jury€and€areÏsatisfied€that€the€jury€was€adequately€charged€and€that€the€appel…lant's€requested€charges€were€sufficiently€covered.€€We€find€noÏmerit€in€these€issues.ÌÌà àConsidering€the€record€as€a€whole€and€all€issues€presentedÏfor€review€by€the€appellant,€we€are€of€the€opinion€that€the€judg…ment€as€to€Ms.€Youngblood€must€be€reversed€and€remanded€for€a€newÏtrial.€€As€to€the€judgment€in€favor€of€Mr.€Youngblood,€we€find€noÏreversible€error€and€that€part€of€the€judgment€is€affirmed.ÌÌà àIn€our€discretion,€we€assess€the€costs€of€this€appeal€equallyÏbetween€the€appellant€and€the€appellee,€Ms.€Youngblood.€€This€caseÏis€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€such€other€and€further€actionÏthat€is€required€consistent€with€this€œopinion.ÌÌÌÓÓà€ à______________________________Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Don€T.€McMurray,€J.ÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌHouston€M.€Goddard,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌWilliam€H.€Inman,€Sr.€JudgeÌÌÌÇÑ  ÑÑ7€XXd×XXd×7Ñà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALSÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌDANITA€D.€and€RODNEY€YOUNGBLOOD,)à àHAMILTON€CIRCUITÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àC.A.€NO.€03A01„9601„CV„00037Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€Plaintiffs„Appellees€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ìvs.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àHON.€ROBERT€M.€SUMMITTÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àJUDGEÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)ÌKITTY€REBECCA€QUILLIAMS€SOLOMON,)à àAFFIRMED€IN€PART,€REVERSEDÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)€€IN€PART€AND€REMANDEDÌ€€€€€€€€€€Defendant„Appellant€€€)ÌÌÌ›œÌà@ àò òòòORDERóóó óÌÌÌÓÓà àThis€appeal€came€on€to€be€heard€upon€the€record€from€theÏCircuit€Court€of€Hamilton€County,€briefs€and€argument€of€counsel.€Ïà àConsidering€the€record€as€a€whole€and€all€issues€presentedÏfor€review€by€the€appellant,€we€are€of€the€opinion€that€the€judg…ment€as€to€Ms.€Youngblood€must€be€reversed€and€remanded€for€a€newÍtrial.€€As€to€the€judgment€in€favor€of€Mr.€Youngblood,€we€find€noÏreversible€error€and€that€part€of€the€judgment€is€affirmed.Ìà àIn€our€discretion,€we€assess€the€costs€of€this€appeal€equallyÏbetween€the€appellant€and€the€appellee,€Ms.€Youngblood.€€This€caseÏis€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€such€other€and€further€actionÏthat€is€required€consistent€with€this€opinion.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€PER€CURIAMÌ›