ÿWPC¾$ X# àU Në %9 0%? 0¾dw@" 4b v F… NË Í mÏ 0Dæ &* 0JP 0TšÆî 0^´ 0h 0rz 0|ì 0†h 0î 1u~ 0dó AQWb¨ 0D° 0@ô 0D4 D/x B§ D3ÄU>÷U*5B)_DCˆ AMËU*¼B#þ/!v~PvÓÎ B¡$˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ'æ() Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular¼(ýÛ$¡¡Ñ7€ý4»»d»»d7ÑÑTRY3Ø' LetterY3Ø' Letter 3Ø' Letter 3Ø' LetterTÑÓ  ÓÔ€¼}7¼¼¼ÔÔ€»ý4»¼¼}7ÔÑ€!!ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ñ(n(2{$¤¤Ý ƒÛ!ÝÑ7€Ï(»»dd7ÑÑTRY3Ø' Letter3Ø' 3Ø' Letterÿ3Ø'TÑÓ  ÓÔ€¼O+¼¼¼ÔÔ€»Ï(»¼¼O+ÔÑ€!ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝѰ°ÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XeXX»»Ï(ÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó 1 U2 U3 D4 D5 U6 b7 ^e8 9 Ó€C ê‚_#x„h|„„3|xC adelsperger v. adelsperger - opinion (robinette)Í 2 ' IB011C2  ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóMURFREESBORO2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 52, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ"#$&Cþÿ<< Cÿÿ- ù-(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó(('÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdWWWW'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Times% Line 7 d00007Border 1dd#1Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial ²Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€.ÔÔ€.¼ÔÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ""ÝÝ  ÝÔ€3ÔÔ€3ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€3XÔÌÌDecember€5,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€.ÔÔ€.¼ÔÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€.XÔÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThese€cases€were€decided€when€Fed.€R.€Civ.€P.€41(b)€governed€motions€for€involuntaryÏdismissal.€€The€language€of€Fed.€R.€Civ.€P.€41(b)€was€substantially€similar€to€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€P.Ï41.02.€€In€1991,€Fed.€R.€Civ.€P.€41(b)€was€replaced€with€Fed.€R.€Civ.€P.€52(c)€which€nowÏpermits€motions€for€judgment€on€partial€findings€at€any€time.€€òòSeeóó€5€James€W.€Moore,€et€al.,ÏòòMooreððs€Federal€Practice€and€Procedureóó€ðð€52.14[1]€(2d€ed.€1996).Ì %Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€.ÔÔ€.¼ÔÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€.XÔÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔòòSee€Taylor€v.€Tayloróó,€849€S.W.2d€at€332€(holding€that€ð ðremoval€is€not,€in€and€of€itself,€aÏchange€of€circumstances€sufficient€to€justify€modification€of€the€custody€orderðð).ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò dÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€.ÔÔ€.¼ÔÑ#€//¼d#ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÑ Ü ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ_ÔÑ7€Ï(»»d»»d7ÑÔ€.„Ô›Þ ÞÌÌà@ àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àMIDDLE€SECTION€AT€NASHVILLEÌÙ€ÙÔ€.¼Ôó óœßR€241A1-j|6` ç `€€@ÿRß›ÌÌÌÌFAIRLY€Ô_ÔHUBBARDÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔADELSPERGERÔ_Ô,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àPlaintiff/Appellant,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àRutherford€ChanceryÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€95DR„1285Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àAppeal€No.ÌDAVID€ROBERT€Ô_ÔADELSPERGERÔ_Ô,à àà à)à à01A01„9705„CH„00206Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àDefendant/Appellee.à àà àà à)ÌÌÌÌÌà@ àAPPEAL€FROM€THE€CHANCERY€COURT€FOR€RUTHERFORD€COUNTYÌà@ àAT€MURFREESBORO,€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àTHE€HONORABLE€ROBERT€E.€Ô_ÔCORLEWÔ_Ô,€III,€CHANCELLORÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Plaintiff/Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Defendant/Appelleeóó:€€ÌÌJon€S.€Ô_ÔJablonskiÔ_Ôà àà àà àà àà àà àDaryl€M.€SouthÌNashville,€Tennesseeà àà àà àà àà àKidwell€&€SouthÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMurfreesboro,€TennesseeÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà@ àò òÔ€.„ÔREVERSED€AND€REMANDEDó óÌÌÔ€.¼ÔÌÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,ÏJUDGEÇÑ ° ÑÑ „ ÑÓ€ÓÔ€.„Ôò òòòÌÌà@ àO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óÌÔ€.¼ÔÌà àThis€appeal€presents€a€custody€and€visitation€dispute.€€The€parties€wereÏdeclared€divorced€in€the€Chancery€Court€for€Rutherford€County,€and€the€wifeÏreceived€sole€custody€of€the€partiesðð€three€minor€children.€€Six€months€later,€theÏwife€moved€to€Mississippi,€and€the€father€petitioned€for€a€change€of€custody.€ÏFollowing€a€bench€trial,€the€trial€court€granted€the€father€custody€of€the€childrenÏafter€concluding€that€there€had€been€a€material€change€of€circumstances€and€thatÏplacing€the€children€in€the€fatherððs€custody€would€be€in€their€best€interests.€€TheÏmother€asserts€on€this€appeal€that€the€evidence€does€not€support€the€trial€courtððsÏdecision.€€We€agree€and,€Ô_ÔthereforeÔ_Ô,€reverse€the€judgment.ÌÌà@ àò òI.€€ó óÌÌà àFairly€H.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€and€David€R.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€were€married€on€AprilÏ22,€1989,€in€Mississippi€where€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ôððs€family€made€its€home.€€TheÏparties€first€lived€in€Indiana€near€Mr.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ôððs€family€but€later€decided€toÏmove€because,€as€Mr.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€put€it,€they€wished€to€ð ðto€get€away€from€myÏfamily.ðð€€Despite€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerððs€proposal€to€return€Ô_Ôto€Mississippi€where€herÏfamily€lived,€the€parties€decided€to€move€to€Murfreesboro€instead.€€ÌÌà àThe€parties€separated€in€October€1995,€and€Ms.€Adelsperger€filed€forÏdivorce€in€the€Chancery€Court€for€Rutherford€County.€€Mr.€Adelsperger€becameÏconcerned€during€the€proceeding€that€Ms.€Adelsperger€might€return€toÏMississippi,€but€Ms.€Adelsperger€assured€him€that€she€had€no€present€intention€toÍmove€and€that€his€visitation€with€the€children€was€important€to€her.€€In€FebruaryÏ1996,€the€trial€court€declared€the€parties€divorced€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ36„4„129€(1996)€and€granted€Ms.€Adelsperger€custody€of€the€children.€€TheÏorder€granted€Mr.€Adelsperger€extremely€generous€visitation€rights€but€did€notÏrequire€Ms.€Adelsperger€to€obtain€approval€of€either€the€trial€court€or€herÏhusband€before€moving.ÌÌà àThe€divorce€was€far€from€amicable,€and€the€parties€continued€to€return€toÏcourt€for€post„trial€disputes€concerning€how€they€should€exchange€the€childrenÏduring€visitation,€their€responsibilities€for€providing€the€children€clothing€duringÏvisitation,€and€the€details€of€mid„week€and€telephone€visitation.€€They€also€askedÏthe€trial€court€to€intervene€in€disputes€involving€family€photographs€andÏovernight€guests€in€their€homes.€€The€trial€court€eventually€found€each€of€theÏparties€to€be€in€contempt,€and€both€of€them€spent€brief€periods€in€jail.ÌÌà àMs.€Adelsperger€changed€jobs€after€the€divorce€when€her€former€employerÏwas€acquired€by€another€company.€€She€went€to€work€for€a€car€dealership€withÏthe€expectation€that€she€would€work€normal€business€hours.€€As€it€turned€out,€sheÏwas€required€to€work€six€days€a€week€with€an€irregular€day€off€during€the€week,Ïand€she€was€occasionally€required€to€work€at€night.€€This€schedule€interfered€withÏher€parenting€responsibilities,€and€Ms.€Adelsperger€found€it€difficult€to€find€helpÏwith€the€children€because€she€had€no€family€or€other€close€friends€in€the€MiddleÏTennessee€area.€€She€asked€Mr.€Adelsperger€for€assistance€with€the€children€onÏseveral€occasions,€but€he€was€never€available€to€help€her.ÌÌà àSeveral€months€later,€she€received€a€job€offer€from€a€trucking€companyÏnear€her€home€in€Mississippi€that€included€a€higher€salary€and€more€regularÏworking€hours.€€When€she€attempted€to€discuss€this€offer€with€Mr.€AdelspergerÍin€late€July€1996,€Mr.€Adelsperger€refused€to€talk€with€her€until€he€consulted€hisÏlawyer.€€In€early€August€1996,€Ms.€Adelsperger€accepted€the€job€and€moved€toÏMississippi€after€her€lawyer€informed€her€that€she€was€not€required€to€first€obtainÏthe€courtððs€permission€to€move.ÌÌà àMs.€Adelspergerððs€decision€to€move€to€Mississippi€sparked€new€disputesÏwith€Mr.€Adelsperger.€€He€filed€a€petition€to€change€custody€and€insisted€onÏmaintaining€his€weekend€visitations.€€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€was€required€to€drive€theÏchildren€from€Mississippi€to€Murfreesboro€every€other€weekend€because€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€refused€to€meet€Ms.€Adelsperger€somewhere€along€her€route.€€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€€made€no€effort€to€visit€the€children€in€Mississippi€until€OctoberÏ1996€when€the€trial€court€ordered€him€to€do€so.€€The€stress€of€the€continuingÏlitigation€with€Mr.€Adelsperger€and€traveling€to€Murfreesboro€every€otherÏweekend€affected€Ms.€Adelspergerððs€job€performance,€and€her€new€employerÏterminated€her€after€two€and€one„half€months.€€She€then€accepted€a€job€with€herÏfatherððs€company.ÌÌÌà àMr.€Adelsperger€filed€a€petition€to€change€custody€several€days€after€Ms.ÏAdelsperger€moved€to€Mississippi.€€He€implied€that€Ms.€Adelsperger€had€beenÏless€than€truthful€when€she€stated€during€the€divorce€proceedings€that€she€did€notÏintend€to€return€to€Mississippi€and€alleged€that€she€had€moved€to€Mississippi€ð ðtoÏlimit,€impede,€and€reduce€.€.€.€[his]€extremely€liberal€visitation,€involvement,€andÏrelationship€with€the€minor€children.ðð€€He€also€alleged€that€Ms.€Adelsperger€hadÏbeen€ð ðdelivering€the€minor€children€to€the€child€care€facility€in€an€unfit,Ïunsanitary,€and€unhealthy€condition.ðð€Following€a€hearing€in€November€1996,€theÏtrial€court€filed€a€detailed€opinion€concluding€that€the€partiesðð€circumstances€hadÏchanged€materially€since€January€1996€and€that€the€childrenððs€interests€would€beÍserved€best€by€changing€their€custody€to€Mr.€Adelsperger.€€The€trial€court€alsoÏdirected€Ms.€Adelsperger€to€begin€paying€$660€per€month€as€child€support.€ÏAfter€Ms.€Adelsperger€moved€back€to€Tennessee€from€Mississippi,€the€trial€courtÏentered€an€order€staying€the€change€of€custody€pending€this€appeal.€€ÌÌà@ àò òII.ó óÌÌà àWe€first€take€up€Ms.€Adelspergerððs€assertion€that€the€trial€court€erred€byÏfailing€to€grant€her€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€P.€41.02(2)€motion€for€involuntary€dismissal€atÏthe€close€of€Mr.€Adelspergerððs€proof.€€We€need€not€tarry€long€with€this€issueÏbecause€Ms.€Adelsperger€elected€to€present€her€proof€rather€than€to€rest€on€herÏmotion.€€Following€the€denial€of€a€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€P.€41.02(2)€motion,€the€movingÏparty€may€stand€on€its€motion€and€bring€an€appeal€or€present€its€evidence;€itÏcannot€do€both.€€òòSee€Bituminous€Constr.,€Inc.€v.€Rucker€Enters.,€Inc.óó,€816€F.2dÏ965,€967€(4th€Cir.€1987);€òòDuPont€v.€Southern€Natððl€Bankóó,€771€F.2d€874,€881€(5thÏCir.€1985).× ƒ5 ××  ×€€By€proceeding€with€her€proof,€Ms.€Adelsperger€waived€herÏopportunity€to€take€issue€with€the€trial€courtððs€denial€of€her€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€P.Ï41.02(2)€motion.ÌÌÌÌà@ àò òIII.ó óÌÌà àThe€pivotal€issue€in€this€case€involves€the€evidentiary€foundation€for€theÏtrial€courtððs€conclusions€that€the€partiesðð€circumstances€changed€materially€duringÍthe€six€months€following€their€divorce€and€that€their€three€childrenððs€interestsÏwould€be€best€served€by€requiring€them€to€live€in€Tennessee€with€their€fatherÏrather€than€in€Mississippi€with€their€mother.€€We€have€determined€that€theÏevidence€does€not€support€the€trial€courtððs€conclusion€that€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ôððs€lifeÏhas€become€so€unstable€since€the€divorce€that€she€should€lose€custody€of€herÏchildren.ÌÌà@ àò òA.€€ó óÌÌà àNo€decisions€in€divorce€cases€require€a€more€delicate€touch€than€thoseÏinvolving€child€custody€and€visitation.€€Courts€must€strive€to€devise€custodyÏarrangements€that€promote€the€development€of€the€childrenððs€relationship€withÏboth€parents€and€interfere€as€little€as€possible€with€post„divorce€family€decision„making.€€òòSee€Aaby€v.€Strangeóó,€924€S.W.2d€623,€629€(Tenn.€1996);€òòTaylor€v.ÏTayloróó,€849€S.W.2d€319,€331„32€(Tenn.€1993).€€These€decisions€are€not€intendedÏto€reward€or€to€punish€parents,€òòsee€Barnhill€v.€Barnhillóó,€826€S.W.2d€443,€453Ï(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1991),€and,€in€fact,€the€interests€of€the€parents€are€secondary€toÏthose€of€the€children.€€òòSee€Doles€v.€Dolesóó,€848€S.W.2d€656,€661€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.Ï1992);€òòGriffin€v.€Stoneóó,€834€S.W.2d€300,€302€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1992).€€ÌÌà àA€courtððs€efforts€to€fashion€an€arrangement€that€will€enable€divorcedÏparents€to€maintain€a€cooperative€relationship€for€their€childrenððs€best€interestsÏare€all€too€often€frustrated€by€the€lingering€pain,€hurt,€and€anger€that€parentsÏcontinue€to€feel€toward€each€other.€€When€the€parents€have€drawn€the€battle€linesÏover€their€children,€there€is,€as€a€practical€matter,€little€that€courts€can€do€otherÏthan€impose€and€enforce€an€uneasy€armistice.€€The€cost€of€this€forced€truce€isÏmost€often€borne€by€the€non„custodial€parent.€€When€parents€fight€over€theÏchildren,€it€is€a€foregone€conclusion€that€everyone€in€the€family€loses.€€ÌÌà àCourts€understand€the€traumatic€effect€that€divorce€has€on€children,€òòseeÏHall€v.€Honeycuttóó,€489€S.W.2d€37,€41€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1972),€as€well€as€theÏchildrenððs€need€for€continuity€and€stability€in€their€personal€relationships.€€òòSeeÏHill€v.€Robbinsóó,€859€S.W.2d€355,€358„59€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1993);€òòÔ_ÔContrerasÔ_Ô€v.ÏWardóó,€831€S.W.2d€288,€290€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1991).€€Most€children€find€stabilityÏby€bonding€with€the€custodial€parent€following€a€divorce.€€òòSee€Ô_ÔMcDanielÔ_Ô€v.ÏÔ_ÔMcDanielÔ_Ôóó,€743€S.W.2d€167,€169€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1987).€€In€recognition€of€theÏimportance€of€stability€and€continuity,€custody€and€visitation€decisions,€once€madeÏand€implemented,€are€res€judicata€upon€the€facts€in€existence€or€reasonablyÏforeseeable€when€the€decision€was€made.€€òòSee€Young€v.€Smithóó,€193€Tenn.€480,Ï485,€246€S.W.2d€93,€95€(1952);€òòIn€re€parsonsÔ_ÔÔ_Ôóó,€914€S.W.2d€889,€893€(Tenn.€Ct.ÏApp.€1995).ÌÌà àNotwithstanding€the€importance€of€stability€and€continuity,€interveningÏchanges€in€a€childððs€circumstances€may€require€modifying€an€existing€custody€andÏvisitation€arrangement.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„6„101(a)(1)€(Supp.€1997)Ïempowers€the€courts€to€change€custody€ð ðas€the€exigencies€of€the€case€mayÏrequire,ðð€and€courts€will€change€custody€when€the€party€seeking€to€changeÏcustody€proves€(1)€that€the€childððs€circumstances€have€materially€changed€in€aÏway€that€could€not€have€been€reasonably€foreseen€at€the€time€of€the€originalÏcustody€decision,€òòsee€Smith€v.€Haaseóó,€521€S.W.2d€49,€50€(Tenn.€1975);€òòÔ_ÔMcDanielÔ_ÔÏv.€Ô_ÔMcDanielÔ_Ôóó,€743€S.W.2d€at€169,€and€(2)€that€the€childððs€best€interests€will€beÏserved€by€changing€the€existing€custody€arrangement.€€òòSee€Hall€v.€Hallóó,€App.€No.Ï01A01„9310„PB„00465,€1995€WL€316255,€at€*€2€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€May€25,€1995)Ï(No€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€11€application€filed).ÌÌà àCustody€decisions€are€factually€driven€and€require€the€careful€considerationÏof€numerous€factors.€€òòSee€Holloway€v.€Bradleyóó,€190€Tenn.€565,€571,€230€S.W.2dÏ1003,€1006€(1950);€òòÔ_ÔScarbroughÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔScarbroughÔ_Ôóó,€752€S.W.2d€94,€96€(Tenn.€Ct.ÏApp.€1988).€€Since€these€decisions€often€hinge€on€the€partiesðð€credibility,€appellateÏcourts€are€reluctant€to€second„guess€trial€judges€who€have€observed€the€witnessesÏand€assessed€their€credibility.€€òòSee€Ô_ÔGilliamÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔGilliamÔ_Ôóó,€776€S.W.2d€81,€84€(Tenn.ÏCt.€App.€1988).€€Accordingly,€we€decline€to€disturb€custody€decisions€unless€theyÏare€based€on€a€material€error€of€law€or€the€evidence€preponderates€against€them.€ÏòòSee€Ô_ÔHassÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔKnightonÔ_Ôóó,€676€S.W.2d€554,€555€(Tenn.€1984);€òòÔ_ÔGaskillÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔGaskillÔ_Ôóó,€936ÏS.W.2d€626,€631€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1996);€òòGriffin€v.€Stoneóó,€834€S.W.2d€at€301.ÌÌÌÌÌà@ àò òB.ó óÌÌà àThe€trial€courtððs€decision€that€the€childrenððs€interests€would€be€best€servedÏby€changing€their€custody€from€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€to€Mr.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€appears€toÏrest€on€four€factual€conclusions.€€The€trial€court€found€that€after€the€initialÏdivorce€decree,€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€demonstrated€(1)€financial€instability€affectingÏher€ability€to€care€for€her€children,€(2)€emotional€instability€apparent€from€herÏð ðrapidðð€decision€to€move€to€Mississippi€after€stating€six€months€earlier€that€sheÏdid€not€intend€to€move,€(3)€indifference€toward€the€care€of€her€children,Ïespecially€the€youngest€child,€and€(4)€hostility€toward€Mr.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_ÔððsÏvisitation€rights.€€The€evidence€simply€does€not€support€the€trial€courtððsÏconclusions€that€Ms.€AdelspergeÔ_Ôr€was€unstaÔ_Ôble,€indifferent,€or€hostile.ÌÌà@ àò òòòMs.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ôððs€Changes€in€Employmentóóó óÌÌà àWhile€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€has€changed€jobs€three€times€since€the€divorce€inÏFebruary€1996,€the€circumstances€surrounding€these€jobs€are€more€consistentÏwith€the€circumstances€facing€many€newly€single€parents€than€with€a€conclusionÏthat€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€has€acted€irresponsibly€since€the€divorce.€€Her€first€jobÏchange€was€occasioned€by€the€sale€of€her€employer€to€another€company.€€SheÏfound€a€higher€paying€position,€but€her€work€schedule€proved€to€be€inconsistentÏwith€her€responsibilities€as€a€single€mother.€€When€she€was€unsuccessful€inÏobtaining€help,€even€from€Mr.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô,€she€accepted€another€job€inÏMississippi€that€enabled€her€to€live€closer€to€work,€have€a€more€manageable€workÏschedule,€and€obtain€assistance€from€her€€family.€€Her€performance€on€this€jobÏwas€undermined€by€the€continuing€pressure€of€this€litigation€and€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ôððs€stubborn€insistence€that€she€honor€the€visitation€provisions€in€theÏoriginal€divorce€decree.€€Eventually,€she€accepted€a€job€with€her€father.ÌÌà àOn€the€surface,€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ôððs€employment€history€appears€unstable.€ÏHowever,€changes€in€employment€are€common€in€todayððs€workplace,€and€thus€theÏpossibility€that€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€might€change€jobs€after€the€divorce€is€somethingÏthat€the€parties€and€the€court€should€have€foreseen€at€the€time€of€the€divorce.€ÏWhile€the€quick€succession€of€jobs€might€not€have€been€foreseeable,€the€recordÏcontains€no€proof€that€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€did€not€have€some€sound€basis€for€herÏemployment€decisions€or€that€any€of€her€employment€changes€have€adverselyÏaffected€her€children.€€While€her€income€has€decreased,€there€is€no€evidence€thatÏshe€was€not€providing€for€the€children€or€that€she€was€looking€to€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€for€additional€support€to€offset€the€decrease€in€her€income.€€Thus,Ïrather€than€being€a€sign€of€ð ðinstability,ðð€we€view€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ôððs€employmentÏhistory€as€evidence€of€a€newly€divorced€mother€with€three€children€attempting€toÍfind€some€equilibrium€between€her€obligations€to€her€employer€and€to€herÏchildren.ÌÌà@ àò òòòMs.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ôððs€Move€to€Mississippióóó óÌÌà àWhile€the€trial€court€recognized€that€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ôððs€move€to€MississippiÏwas€not,€by€itself,€a€change€in€circumstances€that€would€warrant€a€change€inÏcustody,× ƒ6 ××  ×€it€concluded€that€her€ð ðrapidðð€decision€to€move€to€Mississippi€providedÏadditional€evidence€of€her€ð ðinstability.ðð€€We€find€nothing€impulsive€or€precipitous€Ïabout€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ôððs€decision€to€accept€a€job€in€Mississippi.€€In€addition,€weÏdo€not€view€her€decision€to€accept€this€job€as€an€indication€that€she€had€beenÏuntruthful€when€she€told€the€trial€court€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€in€early€1996€thatÏshe€was€not€planning€to€move€back€to€Mississippi.ÌÌà àMs.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€applied€for€a€job€at€the€truck€dealership€in€Mississippi€atÏthe€same€time€she€applied€for€a€job€with€the€car€dealership€in€Tennessee.€€She€didÏnot€pursue€the€Mississippi€job€after€she€obtained€the€Tennessee€job.€€However,Ïwhen€the€work€hours€at€the€car€dealership€proved€to€be€different€than€what€sheÏexpected,€she€pursued€the€Mississippi€job€again€at€her€fatherððs€insistence.€€TheÏMississippi€employer€gave€her€an€extremely€short€period€of€time€to€decideÏwhether€she€would€accept€the€job.€€After€trying€unsuccessfully€to€discuss€theÏopportunity€with€Mr.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô,€she€accepted€the€job€because€it€provided€aÏhigher€salary,€better€working€hours,€and€an€opportunity€to€live€closer€to€herÏfamily.ÌÌà àThe€circumstances€surrounding€the€Mississippi€job€offer€required€Ms.ÏÔ_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€to€respond€quickly.€€She€sought€the€advice€of€her€lawyer€andÏattempted€to€discuss€the€offer€with€Mr.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€before€accepting€it.€€Ms.ÏÔ_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€should€not€be€faulted€because€the€company€offering€the€jobÏdemanded€a€quick€answer.€€She€took€the€steps€reasonably€required€of€a€person€inÏher€situation€to€make€sure€that€she€was€making€a€sound,€legally€permissibleÏdecision.€€Neither€her€decision€nor€the€manner€in€which€she€made€it€demonstratesÏð ðinstability.ðð€€If€anything,€it€demonstrates€focus€and€the€ability€to€take€advantageÏof€opportunities€when€they€arise.ÌÌà@ àò òòòMs.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ôððs€Interest€in€the€Childrenððs€Healthóóó óÌÌà àThe€trial€court€also€concluded€that€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€demonstratedÏindifference€€toward€the€childrenððs€health€after€the€divorce.€€The€conclusion€wasÏbased€on€two€incidents€reported€to€Mr.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€by€employees€of€theÏchildrenððs€daycare€provider.€€The€first€incident€involved€a€single€occasion€whenÏMs.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€brought€her€youngest€to€daycare€with€a€dirty€diaper€and€severeÏdiaper€rash.€€She€requested€that€the€daycare€worker€change€the€boyððs€diaper€andÏtold€her€that€she€had€not€had€enough€time€to€do€it€herself.€€The€second€incidentÏinvolved€one€occasion€during€the€summer€when€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€brought€all€theÏchildren€to€daycare€barefoot€and€asked€the€daycare€workers€to€put€on€their€shoesÏand€socks.€€ÌÌà àCharges€that€a€parent€is€deliberately€indifferent€to€a€childððs€hygiene€meritÏserious€attention.€€In€this€case,€however,€there€is€no€credible€evidence€that€Ms.ÏÔ_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€has€been€an€inattentive€mother.€€The€partiesðð€youngest€son€isÏapparently€susceptible€to€diaper€rash.€He€had€slept€through€the€night€before€theÏdiaper€incident,€and€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€was€reluctant€to€wake€him.€€The€daycareÍreported€that€the€child€was€happy€and€adjusted€despite€his€diaper€rash€and€that€theÏrash€eventually€improved€under€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ôððs€care.€€The€daycare€workersÏwho€testified€at€the€hearing€stated€that€the€boy€had€no€signs€of€neglect€or€abuse.ÌÌà àPermitting€small€children€to€go€barefoot€during€the€summer€is€neitherÏremarkable€nor€surprising.€€It€is€a€common€occurrence,€and€thus€bringing€theÏchildren€to€daycare€one€day€without€their€shoes€and€socks€is€simply€not€anÏindication€of€parental€inattentiveness.€€Thus,€one€case€of€diaper€rash,€withoutÏevidence€of€repeated,€untreated€episodes,€coupled€with€one€incident€of€permittingÏthe€children€to€go€without€shoes€during€the€summer,€does€not€rise€to€the€level€of€aÏmaterial€change€in€circumstances€requiring€a€change€in€custody.ÌÌÌà@ àò òòòMs.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ôððs€Attitude€Toward€Visitationóóó óÌÌà àNotwithstanding€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ôððs€repeated€acknowledgment€of€theÏimportance€of€the€childrenððs€relationship€with€Mr.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô,€the€trial€courtÏconcluded€that€she€€displayed€a€ð ðsomewhat€authoritarian€attitude€with€respect€toÏthe€childrenðð€and€a€ð ðcallous€disregard€for€the€need€of€the€children€to€continueÏtheir€very€close€relationship€with€their€father.ðð€€We€find€little€evidence€of€thisÏattitude€in€the€record.€€To€the€contrary,€we€find€that€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€tookÏappropriate€steps€to€maintain€the€childrenððs€relationship€with€their€father.ÌÌà àThe€record€contains€no€evidence€that€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€interfered€with€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ôððs€visitation€before€she€moved€to€Mississippi.€€If€anything,€the€recordÏindicates€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€did€not€take€advantage€of€all€his€visitationÏopportunities€and€was€never€available€to€help€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€with€the€childrenÏwhen€she€asked€for€his€assistance.€€After€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€moved€to€Mississippi,Íshe€regularly€drove€the€children€all€the€way€back€to€Murfreesboro€for€visitationÏafter€Mr.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€refused€to€even€consider€meeting€her€somewhere€along€theÏway.€€A€parent€intent€on€interfering€with€a€former€spouseððs€visitation€would€notÏdrive€for€hours€every€other€weekend€from€Mississippi€to€Tennessee€to€ensure€thatÏthe€children€had€a€chance€to€be€with€their€father.ÌÌà àThe€courts€may€change€custody€if€a€custodial€parent€moves€to€another€stateÏin€order€to€interfere€vindictively€with€the€non„custodial€parentððs€visitation€or€ifÏthere€is€specific€proof€that€the€move€will€cause€serious€harm€to€the€child.€€òòSeeÏÔ_ÔAabyÔ_Ô€v.€Strangeóó,€924€S.W.2d€at€629.€€We€find€no€credible€evidence€that€Ms.ÏÔ_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€was€acting€vindictively€when€she€moved€to€Mississippi€or€that€theÏchildren€have€been€harmed€by€the€move.€€Accordingly,€neither€the€move€toÏMississippi€nor€Ms.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ôððs€motivation€for€moving€provide€grounds€forÏthe€trial€court€to€change€custody.ÌÌà@ àò òIV.ó óÌÌà àWe€reverse€the€judgment€awarding€custody€of€the€children€to€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€and€remand€the€case€to€the€trial€court€for€further€necessaryÏproceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.€€We€tax€the€costs€of€this€appeal€in€equalÏproportions€to€Fairly€Ô_ÔHubbardÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€and€her€surety€and€to€David€RobertÏÔ_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€for€which€execution,€if€necessary,€may€issue.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà à_____________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌHENRY€F.€TODD,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌMIDDLE€SECTIONÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌBEN€H.€Ô_ÔCANTRELLÔ_Ô,€œJUDGE›