ÿWPCè   \_úqÌ%UŠår›œç‡8@„¬oÆ·Rð÷ÔlÏ:´þ]ëžo¥ÑiCw‚¦b°´LMÀù¢y¿(T³v¢ûwNØœ•'½54Íxk+ók™ßôÔÛ”còÜ)i…Ä#Nc´Ïƒ!ŽÞoˆÇÑË Ra€Ô·-3ð3ð¸ú˜ Xtd:'gKwÄ‚áƒ%ƒ%Mýð£¸Á6"^r·TÀu¢…‰7áýlE’Û?£»öûפ.²"/ás¸/~JÖGhb*$_åýkŒà§;µrß•ø:TeÞ·y¢²9}~BuÜnHþG  K¡}d ’T@ÚÛU+ÌÑ;˜]ä´ŽG’õ·*‚Pö¦=Ÿb³ :âµ…õ)m}ÒÔBþÌ%ŒgTÞÑoK'øN:¶ÂBd‰Bd¼’+øªØO³4äŠà©¡¨)5\Ï‹ÝjIP—Ê"­a¹Ô«¼Q=Ydaêa¼™z‡t$µfIyÓ=<¼P7|®Î(/`§§÷?ã*# LU:W %‘ 0(—b ¿w@Ë4 .I6 0l 0Dë/U:/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Bi AQ† Æ× 0D 0Dá 0D% % D/i i B˜ D3µ ˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX($¡¡- ù - 9D:D;D<D=D>D?D@DABÓ€ê‚_#3|xK ?Ò€°ÒÒ„°ÒÓ  ÓÔ€ô¦ÿôXXÔÝ ƒ üÝÿÝà Ø àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝWe€note€that€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€expressed€surprise€that€Mr.€Allen€had€not€takenÐ  Ðadvantage€of€the€chance€to€file€a€narrative€statement€of€the€evidence.((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó öÝ ƒ"¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€XŸãXXXÔÔ€†JXXŸãÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€XŸãX†JÔÐ  ÐÌJuly€15,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAhÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d!"#$&Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó(('÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝñBñ›ñBñÑ°ÑÒ€°ÒÒ„°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ7€ŸãXXdædÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ñò òÔ€¼v¼XXÔÓ  ÓñBñßr€ )<,(j 8` `€€@Eô ` 8ttxP,ð  rß›ñBñà@  êàIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ  Ðà@¦¦(êàAT€NASHVILLEó óÔ€XŸãX¼¼vԈР ÐÌÌÌÌJAMES€K.€ALLEN,à ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ð È À Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ìà Ø àPlaintiff/Appellant,à à àà 8 àà  à)Ð ”Œ Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àAppeal€No.Ð zr  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è à01„A„01„9710„CV„00565Ð `X  ÐœVS›.à Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ð F>  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àRutherford€CircuitÐ ,$  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àNo.€36021Ð   ÐJIM€œWISEMAN›,à ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àà @ àà ˜ àà ð àà H! àà  # àÐ øð  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ìà Ø àDefendant/Appellee.à 8 àà  à)Рļ ÐÌÌà@> > êàAPPEALED€FROM€THE€CIRCUIT€COURT€OF€RUTHERFORD€COUNTYˆÌà@]]!êàAT€œMURFREESBORO›,€TENNESSEEˆÌÌà@Ø Ø êàTHE€HONORABLE€BOBBY€CAPERS,€JUDGEˆÌÌÌÌÌPAUL€CAMPBELL,€JR.ÌWILLIAM€R.€HANNAHÌCAMPBELL€&€CAMPBELLÌ1200€James€BuildingÌ735€Broad€StreetÌChattanooga,€Tennessee€37402„1835Ìà Ø àAttorneys€for€Plaintiff/AppellantÌÌœLELA›€M.€œHOLLABAUGH›ÌœMANIER›,€HEROD,€œHOLLABAUGH›€&€SMITHÌ2200€First€Union€TowerÌ150€Fourth€Avenue€NorthÌNashville,€Tennessee€37219Ìà Ø àAttorney€for€Defendant/AppelleeÌÌÌÌÌà@¤¤$êàAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDˆÌÌÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àà è àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌKOCH,€J.ÌCAIN,€J.ÌÐ  ´9¬28 ÐÓÓò òÔ€„|#„XXŸãÔòòà@tt(êàO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óÔ€XŸãX„„|#ԈР ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àThis€is€a€legal€malpractice€action€arising€out€of€a€criminal€case.€€TheÏplaintiff€was€convicted€of€assault€and€criminal€trespass€and€he€charges€his€attorneyÏwith€multiple€failures€before,€during,€and€after€the€trial,€the€most€serious€being€theÏfailure€to€retain€a€court€reporter€to€preserve€the€evidence€introduced€in€the€criminalÏcase.€€The€Circuit€Court€of€Rutherford€County€granted€summary€judgment€to€theÏdefendant.€€We€affirm.ÌÌà@²²-êàò òI.ó óˆÐ 0( ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àJames€K.€Allen€retained€Jim€œWiseman›,€an€attorney€in€œMurfreesboro›,€toÏdefend€an€indictment€for€criminal€trespass€and€assault.€€Mr.€œWiseman›€had€previouslyÏrepresented€Mr.€Allen€in€his€divorce€from€Cathy€Allen,€the€prosecuting€witness€in€theÏcriminal€trespass€charge.€€The€assault€charge€was€brought€by€Eddie€œSandlin›,€whoÏallegedly€had€an€affair€with€Cathy€Allen€during€her€marriage€to€James€Allen.€€ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àAt€the€criminal€trial,€Mr.€Wiseman€did€not€employ€a€court€reporter€toÏrecord€the€proceeding.€€The€jury€found€Mr.€Allen€guilty€on€both€counts.€€He€receivedÏa€sentence€of€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€in€jail€with€all€but€five€daysÏsuspended,€and€he€had€to€pay€approximately€$4,000€in€fines€and€restitution.€€HeÏappealed€his€conviction€pro€œse›,€and€the€opinion€of€the€Court€of€Criminal€AppealsÏpoints€out€that€he€did€not€file€a€statement€of€the€evidence€even€though€he€was€givenÏthe€chance€to€do€so€under€Tenn.€R.€App.€Proc.€24(c).€€Thus,€the€court€had€no€choiceÏbut€to€affirm€the€conviction.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àMr.€Allen€sued€Mr.€Wiseman,€alleging€that€he€failed€to:ÌÓÓà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à(A)à ˆ àAdequately€investigate€both€the€scene€of€the€crimeÐ ”8Œ16 Ðand€facts€of€the€crime€before€trial€day.Ðz9r270 ¤0 ¤ Їà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à(B)à ˆ àQuestion€everyone€involved€with€the€case€beforeÐ  Ðthe€trial€dayÐ 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à(C)à ˆ àObtain€the€medical€and€employment€records€of€theÐ ¨   Ðplaintiff€in€this€trial€to€fully€evaluate€his€claims€of€injury€andÏloss€of€workÐ 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à(D)à ˆ àIssue€timely€subpoenas€to€insure€key€defenseÐ h`  Ðindividuals€for€his€client€would€be€on€hand€for€this€trialÐ 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à(E)à ˆ àEmploy€a€court€reporter€for€this€trial,€even€thoughÐ 80  Ðhe€repeatedly€told€his€client€this€was€a€serious€offenseÏand€could€result€in€fines€up€to€$2,500.00€and€a€sentenceÏof€up€to€11€months€and€29€days€in€jail.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à(F)à ˆ àTo€adequately€set€up€a€defense€plan€for€theÐ èà Ðplaintiff,€or€spend€adequate€time€discussing€his€courtÏplans€with€the€defendantÐ 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌÓÓMr.€Wiseman€denied€the€material€allegations€of€wrongdoing€and€moved€for€summaryÏjudgment.€€œHe€supported›€œhis›€œmotion€with›€his€own€affidavit,€in€which€he€detailed€theÏwork€he€did€in€the€criminal€œcase.€€He€concluded›€by€averring€that€he€acted€withÏreasonable€skill€and€diligence€and€in€accordance€with€the€recognized€standards€ofÏacceptable€professional€practice.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àMr.€Allen€filed€the€affidavits€of€two€lay€people€and€two€lawyers.€€CathyÏAllen€made€one€relevant€statement€of€fact.€€She€said€that€Mr.€Wiseman€did€not€cross„¼examine€her€about€her€knowledge€of€Mr.€Sandlinððs€part€in€harassing€Mr.€Allen€for€aÏyear€before€the€incident€which€resulted€in€the€criminal€charge.€€Chris€Campbell,€theÏother€lay€witness€said€in€his€affidavit€that€he€was€acquainted€with€Mr.€Sandlin€and€hadÏheard€him€threaten€to€ð ðtake€careðð€of€Mr.€Allen.€€He€also€said€he€was€prepared€to€testifyÏabout€Mr.€œSandlin›ððs€personal€character,€his€lying,€his€exaggeration€of€facts,€hisÏdishonesty€and€infidelity.€€Despite€having€œtold›€Mr.€Allen€about€œthis€information,›€Mr.ÏCampbell€was€not€contacted€by€Mr.€Wiseman.Ìâ âÐ È7À04 Ðà Ø àà 0 àOne€lawyer€gave€his€opinion€that€the€failure€to€arrange€for€a€courtÏâ âreporter€to€take€a€verbatim€transcript€of€the€trial€in€a€criminal€case€was€a€breach€of€theÏrecognized€standard€of€acceptable€professional€practice€for€a€lawyer€practicingÏcriminal€law.€€Another€lawyer€said€that€the€failure€to€have€a€court€reporter€made€aÏmeaningful€appeal€of€the€conviction€impossible.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€trial€judge€held€that€as€a€matter€of€law€the€failure€to€have€a€courtÏreporter€at€the€trial€of€a€misdemeanor€was€not€below€the€standard€of€care.€€He€alsoÏheld€that€there€were€no€disputed€questions€of€fact€on€the€other€allegations€ofÏnegligence;€therefore€he€granted€Mr.€œWiseman›ððs€motion€for€summary€judgment.ÌÌà0 Ø àà € àà@––-êØ T$Ø T$àò òII.ó óˆÐ ¨  ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àSummary€judgment€is€proper€where€there€are€no€disputed€issues€ofÏmaterial€facts€and€the€moving€party€is€entitled€to€a€judgment€as€a€matter€of€law.€€òòTaylorÐ H!@ Ðv.€Nashville€Banner€œPub.›€Co.óó,€573€S.W.2d€476€(Tenn.€App.€1978).€€Whether€a€lawyerððsÐ (#  Ðconduct€meets€a€particular€standard€of€conduct€is€a€question€of€fact,€òòœCleckner›€v.€Daleóó,Ð %  Ð719€œS.W.2d›€535€(Tenn.€App.€1986),€and€a€deviation€from€that€standard€must€beÏshown€by€expert€proof,€except€in€cases€involving€ð ðclear€and€palpable€negligence.ðð€€òòId.óóÐ È(À!$ Ðat€540.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àExcept€on€the€question€of€the€failure€to€hire€a€court€reporter,€there€is€noÏexpert€testimony€that€any€action€taken€or€not€taken€by€Mr.€Wiseman€fell€below€theÏstandard€of€care€required€of€a€trial€lawyer€and,€despite€Mr.€Allenððs€insistence€that€Mr.ÏWisemanððs€negligence€was€ð ðpalpable,€plain,€and€obvious,ðð€we€cannot€agree.€€In€hisÏbrief,€Mr.€Allen€lists€nine€instances€of€ð ðpalpablyðð€bad€conduct€on€Mr.€Wisemanððs€partÏ(excepting€the€court€reporter€issue).€€œMr.€Wiseman€allegedly›€did€not:€ÌòòÓÓà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àóó(1)à ˆ àinvestigate€properly,Ш9 260 ¤0 ¤ Ðà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à(2)à ˆ àquestion€everyone€involved€in€the€case,Ð0 ¤0 ¤ Ðà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à(3)à ˆ àobtain€the€medical€and€employment€records€ofÐ øð ÐSandlin,Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ Ðà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à(4)à ˆ àissue€timely€subpoenas€to€insure€key€defenseÐ Ø Ð Ðindividuals€at€trial,Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ Ðà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à(5)à ˆ àset€up€a€defense€plan€for€Allen€or€spend€adequateÐ ¸ ° Ðtime€discussing€his€court€case€with€him,Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ Ðà Ø àà 0 à(6)à ˆ àrepresent€his€client€zealously.Ð ˜  ÐÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àHe€did:ÌÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à(1)à ˆ àconduct€himself€in€an€extremely€inappropriateÐ 80  Ðmanner€in€court€so€badly€as€to€be€threatened€withÏcontempt€of€court,Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ Ðà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à(2)à ˆ àabandon€Allen€after€the€sentencing€hearingÐ  Ðbecause€of€œa€planned›€trip€to€London,Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ Ðà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à(3)à ˆ àplace€his€personal€interests€above€those€of€hisÐ èà Ðclient.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌÌÌÓÓWe€note€that€more€than€half€of€the€alleged€failures€concern€trial€tactics€or€Mr.ÏWisemanððs€conduct€of€the€defense.€€At€one€time€we€thought€that€a€lawyerððs€trialÏconduct€or€tactics€could€not€be€questionedòò,€see€œStricklan›€v.€œKoella›óó,€546€S.W.2d€810Ð X P Ð(Tenn.€App.€1976),€but€a€more€flexible€approach€was€announced€by€the€federal€courtÏin€òòWoodruff€v.€œTomlin›óó,€616€F.œ2d›€924€(œ6th›€Cir.€1980).€€The€federal€court,€interpretingÐ $ ÐTennessee€law,€recognized€that€there€can€be€no€liability€for€acts€or€omissions€by€anÏattorney€in€the€conduct€of€litigation€which€are€based€on€an€honest€exercise€ofÏprofessional€judgment,€but€the€court€also€said€that€an€attorney€is€still€bound€toÏexercise€a€reasonable€degree€of€skill€and€care.€€òòœCf›.€œPera›€v.€œKroger›€Co.óó,€674€S.W.2dÐ ˜+$' Ð715€(Tenn.€1984).ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àWe€believe€that€whether€an€attorney€has€failed€to€meet€that€standardÏrequires€a€knowledge€of€the€issues€involved€in€the€litigation,€what€proof€was€available,€Ïwhat€steps€were€taken€to€advance€the€clientððs€interests,€and€what€reasons€lay€behindÏthe€choices€made.€€€With€all€the€facts,€a€skilled,€experienced€trial€lawyer€could€give€anÏopinion€about€how€the€attorneyððs€actions€measured€up€to€the€standard€of€reasonableÐ ¸8°15 Ðskill€and€care.€€Ordinary€laymen€(even€judges)€could€not€say€that€the€attorneyððsÏconduct€fell€below€that€standard.€€òòSee€œCleckner›€v.€Daleóó,€719€S.W.2d€535€(Tenn.€App.Ð èà Ðœ1986).€€Therefore,€Mr.€Wisemanððs€affidavit€stating€that€he€conformed€to€the€standardÏof€care€is€unrefuted€in€the€record.›ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àWe€think€the€items€on€Mr.€Allenððs€list€that€do€not€involve€trial€tactics€orÏconduct€are€either€simply€œconclusory›€(Mr.€Wiseman€œð ðabandonedñ<ñ›ñ<ñðð›€Allen€and€placed€hisÏpersonal€interests€above€Mr.€Allenððs),€òòsee€Doff€v.€Brunswick€Corp.óó,€372€F.œ2d›€801€(œ9th›Ð (  ÐCir.€œ1966),›€or€are€also€beyond€the€common€knowledge€of€laymen.€€Therefore,€we€thinkÏsummary€judgment€on€these€issues€was€proper.ÌÌà@oo-êàò òIV.ˆÐ ¨  Ðà@88"êàThe€Court€Reporter€Issueó óˆÐ ˆ€ ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àMr.€Allen€filed€two€affidavits€on€this€issue.€€Only€one€of€the€affidavitsÏexpressed€an€opinion€on€the€standard€of€care.€€It€stated€the€following:ÌÓÓà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à1.à ˆ àI€am€an€attorney€licensed€to€practice€law€in€the€à @â àà @â àà @â àÐ %  ÐState€of€Tennessee€and€have€been€so€licensed€à ð àà @ð àà @ð àÐ ø%ð! Ðsince€1969.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à2.à ˆ àI€have€been€in€private€practice€in€Chattanooga,€à @ü àà @ü àà @ü àà @ü àÐ È(À!$ ÐTennessee€continuously€since€1969.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!à3.à ˆ àDuring€my€years€of€practice€I€have€represented€à @  àà @  àà @  àÐ ˜+$' Ðmany€defendants€in€criminal€jury€and€non„jury€à ˜ àtrials.Ј,€%(0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌÒ0 €ÒÒ„Ò4.à ˆ àFailure€of€defense€counsel€to€arrange€for€a€courtÐ h.`'* Ðœreporter›€to€take€a€verbatim€transcript€of€the€trial€in€a€œñ7ñà ð àñ7ñcriminal›Ïcase,€in€my€opinion,€constitutes€a€failure€by€œñ8ñà ˜ àñ8ñthe›€attorney€toÏexercise€reasonable€skill€and€diligence€œñ9ñà @ àñ9ñin›€representing€theÏclient€and€does€not€constitute€legal€œñ:ñà @ àñ:ñrepresentation›€inÏaccordance€with€recognized€œñ;ñà è àñ;ñstandards›€of€acceptableÏprofessional€practice€for€œñ<ñà  àñ<ñattorneys›€practicing€in€the€area€ofÏcriminal€law.ÌÌœñ=ñà ˆ àñ=ñThis›€breach€of€standard€practice€renders€it€impossible€œñ>ñà ˆ àñ>ñfor›€theÏclient€to€make€a€meaningful€appeal€in€the€event€œñ?ñà ð àñ?ñof›€aÏconviction.ÌÐ ¨9 26 Ðœ‡ñ@ñÌñ@ñ›Ò€0 ÒÒ„ÒÓÓà Ø àà 0 àThe€trial€judge€found,€however,€that,€as€a€matter€of€law,€ð ðthe€failure€toÏhave€a€court€reporter€at€the€misdemeanor€criminal€hearing€of€the€plaintiff€was€notÏbelow€the€acceptable€standard€of€professional€practice.ðð€€We€think€the€trial€judge€wasÏcorrect.€€Our€criminal€code€requires€the€state€to€furnish€a€court€reporter€in€felonyÏcases.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„14„301,€et€seq.€€Indigent€defendants€in€those€cases€areÏentitled€to€the€transcript€free€of€charge.€€òòElliott€v.€Stateóó,€435€S.W.2d€812€(Tenn.€1968).€Ð h`  ÐBut€in€a€misdemeanor€prosecution€involving€an€indigent€defendant,€the€courtððs€denialÏof€a€request€for€a€court€reporter€is€not€reversible.€€òòState€v.€Hammondóó,€638€S.W.2d€433Ð (  Ð(Tenn.€œCr›.€App.€1982).€€A€narrative€statement€of€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€preserveÏthe€issues€on€appeal,€in€the€absence€of€some€explanation€to€the€contrary.€€òòId.óó€€òòSeeóóÐ èà ÐTenn.€R.€App.€Proc.€24(c).€€So,€as€a€matter€of€public€policy,€a€narrative€statement€ofÏthe€evidence€is€sufficient€and€available€in€the€absence€of€a€court€reporter.׃ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ¨  ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àWhile€we€have€said€that€a€trial€judge€should€not€act€as€an€expert€witnessÏin€a€malpractice€case,€and€that€whether€a€lawyerððs€conduct€falls€below€a€particularÏstandard€is€a€question€of€fact,€òòœCleckner›€v.€Daleóó,€719€S.W.2d€535€(Tenn.€App.€1986),Ð (#  Ðin€some€cases€it€has€been€held€that€the€breach€of€duty€may€be€resolved€as€a€matterÏof€law€if€the€particular€conduct€does€not€permit€a€reasonable€doubt€as€to€whether€theÏdefendantððs€conduct€violates€the€degree€of€care€exacted€of€him.€€òòœLysick›€v.€œWalcom›óó,Ð È(À!$ Ð258€Cal.€App.€œ2d›€136€(1968).€ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àFurther,€examining€œtheñ<ñ›ñ<ñ›€affidavit,€we€note€that€it€could€not€be€universallyÏapplied.€€Otherwise,€every€defense€lawyer€appointed€to€defend€an€indigent€clientÏcharged€with€a€misdemeanor€would€be€obligated€to€hire€the€court€reporter€at€his€ownÏâ âœexpense.€€And›€trial€judges€would€invite€reversal€if€they€allowed€the€trial€to€proceedÐ 4-0 Ðwithout€a€court€reporter.€€œAs€we€have€seen,€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€has€rejectedÏthat€argument.€€òòSee€State€v.€Hammondóó,€638€S.W.2d€433€(Tenn.€Cr.€App.€1982).Ð èà Ðâ âÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed€and€the€cause€is€remandedÏto€the€Circuit€Court€of€Rutherford€County€for€any€further€proceedings€necessary.€€TaxÏthe€costs€on€appeal€to€the€appellant.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àà è à____________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àà è àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌWILLIAM€B.€CAIN,€JUDGEÌÐ  È(À!$ ÐÑ  ÑÔ€¼—î¼XX YÔò òà@êê.êàñAñIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ  Ðà@™™(êàAT€NASHVILLEñAñó óñAñÔ€X YX¼¼—îԈР ÐÌÌÌÌJAMES€K.€ALLEN,à ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ð ô ì Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ìà Ø àPlaintiff/Appellant,à à àà 8 àà  à)à è àAppeal€No.Ð ÔÌ Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è à01„A„01„9710„CV„00565Рļ  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àÐ ´¬  ÐVS›.à Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àRutherford€CircuitÐ ¤œ  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àNo.€36021Ð ”Œ  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àÐ „|  ÐJIM€WISEMAN,à ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àAffirmed€andà ˜ àà ð àà H! àà  # àÐ tl  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àRemandedÐ d\ Ðà Ø àDefendant/Appellee.à 8 àà  à)Ð TL ÐÌÌÔ€¼—î¼XX YÔò òòòà@uu'êàJ€U€D€G€M€E€N€Tóóó óˆÐ $ ÐÓÓÔ€X YX¼¼—îÔÌà Ø àà 0 àThis€cause€came€on€to€be€heard€upon€the€record€on€appeal€from€theÏCircuit€Court€of€Rutherford€County,€briefs€and€argument€of€counsel;€uponÏconsideration€whereof,€this€Court€is€of€the€opinion€that€in€the€judgment€of€the€trial€courtÏthere€is€no€reversible€error.Ìà Ø àà 0 àIn€accordance€with€the€opinion€of€the€Court€filed€herein,€it€is,€therefore,Ïordered€and€adjudged€by€this€Court€that€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€ÏThe€cause€is€remanded€to€the€Circuit€Court€of€Rutherford€County€for€the€execution€ofÏthe€judgment€and€for€the€collection€of€the€costs€accrued€below.Ìà Ø àà 0 àCosts€of€this€appeal€are€taxed€against€James€K.€Allen,€Principal,€and€EdÏTodd,€d/b/a€Ed€Todd€Bonding€Company,€Surety,€for€which€execution€may€issue€ifÏnecessary.ÌÓÓÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àWILLIAM€B.€CAIN,€JUDGEñAñ