ÿWPCp B# ¬UN· % 0ñ UNüw@J4Šž 0@­ 05í 0D" f 0Ln 0Jº 0T 0^X 0h¶ 0r 0| 0† 0’ 1u" 0d— AQûÆL 0D BV 0Ds D/· Bæ D3U>6B)tDC AMàU*-|Wv~ÓvÓQ 0L$˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLlÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX(Ɇ$¡¡Ñ°°ÑѰ°ÑÒ°°ÒÒ°°ÒÓ  ÓÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÓÓÔ€X”XXXÔ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular ž DŸ   D¡ Ae¢ e£ D¤ D¥ Ó€±  ƒ‰# 3|x± ("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò(å(3£!$¤¤Ý ƒ†!ÝѰ°ÑѰ°ÑÒ°°ÒÒ°°ÒÓ  ÓÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÔ€X‘wXXXÔÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó> ÿÿ$Large Circleððà0 à2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ ! #%Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý d($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'''÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd""""'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d++++7Border 1dd ,Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial rÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€*ÔÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ!"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€.ÔÔ€.ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€.XÔÌÌò òDecemberÏ17,€1997ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€.ôÔAppellateÏCourt€Clerkó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò>ßb$Large Circleððà0 àÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€*ÔÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÙ€ ÙÓÓò ò›œßR€-/,A1-j|?` ­ `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEó óÌà@ àò òWESTERN€SECTION€AT€JACKSON€€€Ìà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌóóÌÌNANCY€ARNOLD,€€€€€€à à€€€€€à àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àó óPlaintiff/Appellant,ò òà àà àà à)à àó óShelby€Circuit€No.€61011€T.D.€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)Ìvs.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à à€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌTHE€KROGER€COMPANY,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à à)à àó óAppeal€No.€02A01„9701„CV„00025Ìò òà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìó óà àDefendant/Appellee.à àò òà àà à)à àÌó óòòÌóóò òÌ€€€ÌÌÌà@ àó óAPPEAL€FROM€THE€CIRCUIT€COURT€OF€SHELBY€COUNTYÌà@ àAT€MEMPHIS,€TENNESSEEÌÌÌÌà@ àTHE€HONORABLE€DððARMY€BAILEY,€JUDGE€€€€€€òòÌÌÌFor€the€Plaintiff/Appellantóó:òòà àà àà àFor€the€Defendant/Appelleeóó:òòÌóóÌJ.€Logan€Sharp€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à àBetty€Ann€Milligan€€€€€€€€ÌMarshall€Gerber€€€€€€à àà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€Thomas€F.€Preston€€ÌMemphis,€Tennesseeà àà àà àà àMemphis,€Tennessee€€€€€€€€€€€€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌò òÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAFFIRMED€ÌÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àó óHOLLY€KIRBY€LILLARD,€J.ÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌòòÌóóW.€FRANK€CRAWFORD,€P.J.,€W.S.ÌÌÌDAVID€R.€FARMER,€J.ÇØØÙ  ÙÓÓÑ7€LÛXXdðXXdì7ÑÑ  Ñà@ àò òOPINIONó óÌà àThis€is€a€slip€and€fall€case.€The€plaintiff€slipped€on€grapes€on€the€floor€of€a€grocery€store.€ÏThe€jury€found€the€plaintiff€to€be€forty„nine€(49%)€percent€at€fault€and€the€defendant€grocery€storeÏto€be€fifty„one€(51%)€percent€at€fault,€and€found€damages€totaling€$3,500.00.€€The€plaintiff€appealsÏthe€determination€that€she€was€negligent,€as€well€as€the€amount€of€the€damage€award.€€We€affirm.Ìà àOn€June€22,€1991,€Plaintiff/Appellant€Nancy€Arnold€(ð ðArnoldðð)€went€to€a€store€owned€byÏDefendant/Appellee€The€Kroger€Company€(ð ðKrogerðð)€to€shop€for€groceries.€€Her€son€and€anotherÏyoung€man€went€to€the€store€with€her.€€While€walking€past€the€salad€bar,€Arnold€slipped€and€fell.€ÏArnold€testified€that€her€right€leg€slid€out€from€under€her,€her€left€leg€twisted,€and€she€landed€onÏher€knee.€€Arnold€alleges€that€she€slipped€on€some€grapes€on€the€floor.€€Arnold€acknowledged€thatÏher€view€was€not€obstructed€and€that€she€was€looking€ahead€of€her€instead€of€at€the€floor.Ìà àIt€is€undisputed€that€grapes€were€seen€on€the€floor€œafter›€the€accident.€€Arnold€testified€thatÏshe€did€not€see€the€grapes€until€after€she€had€fallen.€€Testimony€indicated€that€the€grapes€wereÏpurple€and€that€the€floor€was€ð ðlight€colored.ðð€€€Both€parties€estimated€that€approximately€six€grapesÏwere€on€the€floor€at€the€scene€of€the€accident.Ìà àAfter€the€accident,€the€co„manager€of€the€store,€Jonathan€Timothy€Myers€(ð ðMyersðð),Ïassisted€Arnold.€€Arnold€and€her€son€testified€that€Myers€mentioned€that€some€youths€had€beenÏthrowing€some€grapes€in€that€vicinity.€€At€trial,€Myers€stated€that€he€did€not€recall€€making€such€aÏstatement.€€Myers€completed€a€customer€incident€report€on€the€accident,€which€did€€not€mentionÏanyone€throwing€grapes.€€Myers€testified€that€if€the€alleged€grape€throwing€incident€had€occurred,Ïhe€would€have€recorded€it€in€the€report.€€Another€Kroger€employee€at€the€scene€of€the€accident,ÏElroy€Bond€(ð ðBondðð),€testified€that€he€did€not€hear€Myers€make€this€comment.€Ìà àAt€trial,€the€parties€disputed€the€extent€of€Arnoldððs€injuries.€€Arnold€testified€that€sheÏinformed€Myers€that€she€had€injured€her€knee.€€Myers€did€not€recall€Arnoldððs€injury,€and€deferredÏto€his€report,€which€states,€ð ðaggravated€her€previous€injury,€(cracked€ribs€in€the€back).ðð€€BondÏtestified€that€Arnold€complained€only€of€back€pain.Ìà àArnold€visited€Dr.€James€L.€Guyton€(ð ðDr.€Guytonðð)€a€few€weeks€after€her€injury.€€Dr.ÍGuyton€diagnosed€a€hyperflexion€of€the€knee.€€He€prescribed€an€anti„inflammatory€and€advisedÏArnold€to€wear€a€knee€immobilizer.€€Arnold€was€given€a€note€to€be€absent€from€work.€€About€twoÏweeks€later,€Dr.€Guyton€concluded€that€Arnold€had€reached€maximum€improvement,€released€her,Ïand€permitted€her€to€work€without€restrictions.€€Dr.€Guyton€charged€Arnold€$253.00€for€theseÏvisits.Ìà àArnold€continued€to€complain€of€pain€and€scheduled€appointments€with€Dr.€Guyton.€€InÏJune€of€1993,€Dr.€Guyton€performed€a€diagnostic€arthroscopy€to€determine€the€cause€of€this€pain.€ÏDr.€Guytonððs€only€objective€finding€was€that€€Arnold€suffered€from€chondromalacia€in€theÏtibiofemoral€joint,€caused€by€a€previous€accident€in€1965.€€According€to€Dr.€Guyton,€most€ofÏArnoldððs€pain€came€from€the€patellofemoral€joint,€which€was€unaffected€by€the€Kroger€incident.€ÏDr.€Guyton,€nevertheless,€opined€that€the€fall€at€the€Krogerððs€store€exacerbated€Arnoldððs€pain.Ìà àDr.€Guyton€calculated€Arnoldððs€impairment€rating€as€three€(3%)€percent€to€the€lowerÏextremity€and€one€(1%)€percent€to€the€body€as€a€whole.€€Dr.€Guyton€stated€that€Arnold€suffersÏfrom€a€permanent€disability€ð ðto€the€extent€that€it€affects€her€livelihood.ððÌà àAt€trial,€Arnold€contended€that€the€accident€affected€her€work€performance€and€resulted€in€aÏloss€of€income.€€Arnold€is€owner€and€a€representative€for€Arnold€Instrument€Company,€which€sellsÏindustrial€equipment.€€Arnold€claimed€that€her€job€performance€was€adversely€affected€byÏpersistent€pain€associated€with€such€tasks€as€climbing€stairs,€ladders,€and€catwalks,€and€sittingÏwith€her€knees€flexed€for€a€prolonged€period€of€time,€such€as€in€a€car€or€behind€a€desk.Ìà àThe€jury€attributed€forty„nine€(49%)€percent€of€the€fault€for€the€accident€to€Arnold€and€fifty„one€(51%)€percent€of€the€fault€to€Kroger.€€The€jury€assessed€damages€at€$3,500.00.€€After€theÏverdict,€€Arnold€filed€a€motion€for€additur€or,€in€the€alternative,€for€a€new€trial.€€The€trial€courtÏdenied€this€motion€without€comment.€€Arnold€now€appeals.Ìà àOn€appeal,€Arnold€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€forty„nine€(49%)€percent€ofÏthe€fault€to€be€attributed€to€her.€€Arnold€also€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€sustaining€theÏamount€of€the€juryððs€determination€of€damages.€€Ìà àOur€review€of€the€trial€courtððs€findings€is€ò òòòde€novoó óóó€on€the€record€with€a€presumption€ofÏcorrectness€of€the€trial€courtððs€findings.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(d).€€ð ðThe€verdict€of€a€jury,€approvedÏby€the€trial€judge€in€a€personal€injury€case€is€entitled€to€great€weight€in€the€reviewing€court€in€theÏabsence€of€a€showing€of€fraud€or€corruption.ðð€€ò òòòBrown€v.€Null,€ó óóó863€S.W.2d€425,€430€(Tenn.ÏApp.€1993).€€A€juryððs€findings€of€fact€ð ðshall€be€set€aside€only€if€there€is€no€material€evidence€toÏsupport€the€verdict.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(d).Ìà àActing€as€thirteenth€juror,€the€trial€judge€independently€weighs€the€evidence€to€determineÏwhether€the€verdict€is€supported€by€the€evidence.€€ò òòòLadd€v.€Honda€Motor€Co.,€ó óóó939€S.W.2dÏ83,€105€(Tenn.€App.€1996).€€ð ðIf€called€upon€to€act€as€a€thirteenth€juror€following€the€filing€of€aÏmotion€for€a€new€trial,€the€trial€judge€simply€approves€a€verdict€without€any€comment,€it€isÏpresumed€by€an€appellate€court€that€he€has€performed€his€function€adequately.ðð€€ò òòòMiller€v.€Doe,ó óóóÏ873€S.W.2d€346,€347€(Tenn.€App.€1993).Ìà àThe€owner€of€a€premises€owes€a€duty€to€invitees.€€òòò òEaton€v.€McLainó óóó,€891€S.W.2d€587,Ï593€(Tenn.1994).€€This€duty€imposes€an€obligation€to€ð ðmaintain€the€premises€in€a€reasonably€safeÏand€suitable€conditionðð€and€includes€ð ðthe€responsibility€of€either€removing€or€warning€against€anyÏlatent,€dangerous€condition€on€the€premises€of€which€the€(owner€is)€aware€or€should€have€beenÏaware€through€the€exercise€of€reasonable€diligence.ðð€€ò òòòId.€ó óóóat€593„94.€€€Ìà àò òòòEaton€óóó óset€forth€the€following€non„exclusive€list€of€relevant€criteria€to€consider€in€assigningÏa€percentage€of€fault€to€each€party:ÌÓÓà8 à(1)€the€relative€closeness€of€the€causal€relationship€between€the€conduct€of€theÏdefendant€and€the€injury€to€the€plaintiff;€€(2)€the€reasonableness€of€the€party'sÏconduct€in€confronting€a€risk,€such€as€whether€the€party€knew€of€the€risk,€or€shouldÏhave€known€of€it;€€(3)€the€extent€to€which€the€defendant€failed€to€reasonably€utilizeÏan€existing€opportunity€to€avoid€the€injury€to€the€plaintiff;€€(4)€the€existence€of€aÏsudden€emergency€requiring€a€hasty€decision;€€(5)€the€significance€of€what€the€partyÏwas€attempting€to€accomplish€by€the€conduct,€such€as€an€attempt€to€save€another'sÏlife;€€and€(6)€the€party's€particular€capacities,€such€as€age,€maturity,€training,Ïeducation,€and€so€forth.€€ÌÌÓÓò òòòId.ó óóó€at€592.€€€€€€Ìà àIn€previous€cases,€this€Court€has€considered€the€relative€fault€of€a€plaintiff€who€slipped€on€aÍsubstance€on€the€floor€of€a€store.€€In€ò òòòStrawn€v.€SCOA€Industries,€Inc.,ó óóó€804€S.W.2d€80Ï(Tenn.€App.€1990),€the€plaintiff€was€injured€in€a€similar€accident.€€In€this€case€the€plaintiff€slippedÏon€a€substance€similar€to€either€PineSol€or€Mr.€Clean€while€holding€a€bath€mat€in€Hills€departmentÏstore.€€ò òòòId.ó óóó€at€82.€€The€only€other€evidence€to€forewarn€her€were€the€substanceððs€smell€and€theÏbottle€and€the€cap,€which€lay€nearby.€€ò òòòId.€€ó óóóThe€trial€judge€granted€a€directed€verdict€in€favor€of€theÏplaintiff€in€regard€to€the€issue€of€whether€she€was€contributorily€negligent.€€ò òòòId.Ìà àó óóóOn€appeal,€this€Court€found€that€the€issue€of€the€plaintiffððs€contributory€negligence€couldÏnot€be€characterized€as€an€issue€ð ðwhere€the€facts€are€established€by€evidence€free€from€conflict,€andÏthe€inference€from€the€facts€is€so€certain€that€all€reasonable€men,€in€the€exercise€of€a€free€andÏimpartial€judgment€must€agree€upon€it.ðð€€ò òòòId.ó óóó€(quoting€ò òòòFrady€v.€Smith,€ó óóó519€S.W.2d€584,€586Ï(Tenn.€1974)).€€Finding€that€a€reasonable€jury€could€conclude€that€the€bath€mat€obstructed€theÏplaintiffððs€vision,€this€Court€reversed€the€trial€court,€stating€that€ð ð[w]hether€failure€to€see€the€spillÏunder€these€circumstances€was€contributory€negligence€was€obviously€a€question€for€the€jury.ðð€Ïò òòòId.Ìà àó óóóIn€ò òòòMaxwell€v.€Red€Food€Stores,€Inc.ó óóó,€No.€88„110.II,òòò ò€ó óóó1988€WL€95273€(Tenn.€App.ÏSept.€16,€1988),€the€plaintiff€slipped€on€an€unidentified€substance€in€a€grocery€store.€€TheÏsubstance€was€described€as€being€approximately€three„and„one„half€inches€in€diameter€and€of€aÏð ðcreamy€color€and€consistency.ðð€€ò òòòId.€ó óóóat€*2.€€The€plaintiff€appealed€the€trial€courtððs€decision€toÏinclude€an€instruction€regarding€contributory€negligence€in€its€jury€instructions.Ìà àThis€Court€concluded€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€for€the€jury€to€find€the€plaintiffÏcontributorily€negligent,€reasoning:ÌÓÓà8 àPlaintiff€testified€that€she€was€walking€along€the€store€aisle€and€looking€at€displayÏitems€immediately€preceding€her€fall.€€She€did€not€have€a€grocery€cart,€nor€did€sheÏhave€anything€else€with€her€to€distract€her€attention.€€She€testified€that€there€wasÏnothing€to€obstruct€her€view€of€the€floor.€€There€is€evidence€that€the€substance€onÏthe€floor,€while€somewhat€the€same€color€as€the€floor,€was€three„and„a„quarter€toÏthree„and„a„half€inches€in€diameter.€€There€is€evidence€in€the€record€from€which€theÏjury€could€conclude€that€the€plaintiff€was€guilty€of€contributory€negligence€in€notÏwatching€where€she€was€walking€and€in€her€failure€to€keep€a€lookout€and€failing€toÏsee€the€substance€on€the€floor.ÌÌÓÓò òòòId.ó óóó€at€*5.Ìà àIn€ò òòòSherrell€v.€Food€Lion,€Inc.ó óóó,€No.€01A01„9607„CV„00313,€1997€WL€5170€(Tenn.ÏApp.€Jan.€8,€1997),€the€plaintiff€slipped€on€a€puddle€in€a€grocery€store.€€The€plaintiff€was€wearingÏð ðflip„flopðð€sandals€at€the€time€of€the€accident€and€had€her€hands€full.€€ò òòòId.€ó óóóat€*1.€€The€plaintiffððsÏvision€was€not€hindered€and€she€was€not€distracted.€€ò òòòId.ó óóó€€The€jury€attributed€no€comparative€faultÏto€the€plaintiff.€€Affirming€the€verdict,€this€Court€held€that€ð ðhow€much€water€was€on€the€floor€andÏhow€easily€it€could€have€been€seenðð€were€issues€for€the€jury€to€determine.€€ò òòòId.€€See€alsoÏKarnes€v.€Shoneyððs€of€Knoxville,€Inc.ó óóó,€Anderson€Law€C/A€No.€159,òòò ò€ó óóó1988€WL€86531Ï(Tenn.€App.€August€19,€1988)€(holding€that€ð ðwhether€a€defect€is€such€that€an€invitee€coming€on€theÏpremises€should€observe€and€avoid€it€is€for€the€jury.ðð).Ìà àKroger€argues€that€the€fact€that€Arnold€was€walking€ð ðkind€of€fast,ðð€was€not€looking€at€theÏfloor,€and€the€fact€that€her€vision€was€not€obstructed€is€considered€ð ðmaterial€evidenceðð€by€whichÏthe€jury€could€conclude€that€she€was€partly€at€fault.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(d).€€The€jury€could€alsoÏhave€considered€the€number€of€grapes€on€the€floor€and€the€contrast€of€the€dark€grapes€with€of€theÏlight€floor.Ìà àThe€evidence€of€negligence€by€the€plaintiff€in€this€case€is€slender,€indeed.€€Grocery€storesÏare€generally€designed€to€attract€shoppersðð€attention€to€the€merchandise€rather€than€the€floor.€€TheÏtestimony€of€both€parties€indicated€that,€at€most,€there€were€ð ðsix€or€sevenðð€grapes€on€the€floor.€ÏHowever,€it€is€undisputed€that€the€grapes€were€dark,€in€contrast€to€the€light€floor.€In€addition,€theÏplaintiff€conceded€that€she€was€walking€ð ðkind€of€fast.ðð€€Our€review€is€limited€to€whether€there€isÏmaterial€evidence€to€support€the€juryððs€verdict.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(d).€€Under€the€circumstances,Ïwe€must€conclude€that€there€was€material€evidence€to€support€the€juryððs€attribution€of€forty„nineÏ(49%)€percent€of€the€fault€to€Arnold.€Ìà àArnold€also€appeals€the€trial€courtððs€denial€of€her€motion€for€additur€to€the€juryððs€award€ofÏ$3,500.00€in€damages.€€ð ðIn€personal€injury€cases,€the€amount€of€damages€is€primarily€for€theÍdetermination€of€the€jury,€and€next€to€the€jury€the€most€competent€person€to€pass€upon€the€issue€isÏthe€Trial€Judge.ðð€€ò òòòBuchanan€v.€Harris,€ó óóó902€S.W.2d€941,€944€(Tenn.€App.€1995).€€Therefore,Ïthe€amount€of€damages€awarded€by€the€jury€and€approved€by€the€trial€judge€is€ð ðentitled€to€greatÏweight€in€the€Court€of€Appeals.ðð€€ò òòòId.óóó ó€€€Ìà àIn€this€case,€there€was€evidence€from€which€the€jury€could€have€concluded€that€most€ofÏArnoldððs€medical€visits€were€either€disingenuous€or€unrelated€to€the€Krogerððs€accident.€€There€wasÏalso€evidence€indicating€that€Arnoldððs€claim€for€lost€profits€was€speculative.€€Moreover,€the€issueÏof€damages€in€this€case€turned€in€part€on€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses.€€Normally€trial€courts€areÏð ðin€the€best€position€to€judge€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses€since€they€have€seen€and€heard€theÏwitnesses€testify.ðð€€ò òòòGaskill€v.€Gaskill,ó óóó€936€S.W.2d€626,€633€(Tenn.€App.€1996).€€Therefore,Ïdeterminations€made€by€the€jury€and€the€trial€judge€with€regard€to€credibility€are€ð ðentitled€to€greatÏweight.ðð€€ò òòòId.€€ó óóóConsidering€the€entire€record,€we€find€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€denyingÏArnoldððs€motion€for€additur.€Ìà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€Costs€on€appeal€are€taxed€against€the€Appellant,Ïfor€which€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.€ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àò òóóHOLLY€KIRBY€LILLARD,€J.Ìó óà àò òÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌóóW.€FRANK€CRAWFORD,€P.€J.,€W.S.ÌÌó óÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìóóò òDAVID€R.€FARMER,€œJ.ó ó›