ÿWPCM ª¢„ïmå–±²Ô€³FI‰sŸC›8­&¯’„샊–e1Ö¢¡‰±O8‘Ç«äùÕÜb„ú4ã»G.AGŽj—¹×Z<ºˆ›iþ3FGîÝ=‘߀Öú@p~”ø|Ë“½ö|¯ Pö;6Jzs´·Ñª‡®Ç},auŪaDÏ[ãXËs%t(ãïOÃÀ›]Ó×ÿ\ÙéQÚÜ yþ©ðËðÌ{ò“_¿×4ú3½Ù£X<Þ!Ÿ©ÄT¹pèœØYê(²­4%gé§Y¼ZSžó …ôP;£Ñ2Ââ’ZÊŒ¶¢^tæTÐ!©µ&™’5Õ*-P úö ÌonÇ©ï?qÚvT!ËZñ¦Ç×Ö ùrCþñh+¸ExJ4W’)ˆ×§¼ÀYooP0çf?(wZÂRG¯;fùdpUœÊn~¸ÆKvÁ‘–¥°½CPÛ‰0&vë,÷^ÎS:‹4ê¥ïé•à,b¥½[ÃG2[ùnðÌÑLÌãm/­žé°…ÿa…YöÓ™ÃUYìXy¦£·®m,é~ðÝc Àæ§)€™ª˜(¯aáÍ{)s‡ ®µî1…ìAÀò$_’õ;ÜŽ¢„­HJ–ÔÃe£"µ\¦J,dŽW# ÂUNÍ % 04! 0³Ub w@ 4P d s j{ Nå ^ ç ó mõ Û 0 Dç Ú+1²6Gèl /Ý›ÜxÑT UN%!±s!–$#m º#ñ'/UN2M f2UN³=G > AQHIÆ™I 0D_J 0D£J 0DçJ D/+K BZKwK D3{LU:®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L®L BèL˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLlÎ'í€"  Z 6Times New Roman Regular¼( ¤U$¡¡Ó  Ó(c(2u$¤¤Ý ƒ¤U!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X¾ƒX¼¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù- ÊDËDÏÀÐUÑÓeÔÕÖ×Ó€ìu[%-3|xàbaltz v. knight - opinion Î $ '  0 .   w€m%äÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ ÑÝ ƒu$ÝÓ  ÓÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X¾ƒX¼¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔTenn.€R.€Civ.€P.€12.08€permits€defenses€challenging€a€courtððs€subject€matter€jurisdiction€toÐ ° Ðbe€raised€at€any€time.€€òòSee€Meighan€v.€U.S.€Sprint€Communications€Co.óó,€924€S.W.2d€632,€639€(Tenn.Ð  ð Ð1996);€òòBoyd€v.€Boydóó,€653€S.W.2d€732,€737€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1983).€€(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ÐÝ ƒ•$ÝÓ  ÓÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X¡X»¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€proceedings€in€chancery€court€have€been€continued. 'Ý ƒ•$ÝÓ  ÓÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X¡X»¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔòòSee€óóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„104(b)€(Supp.€1998)€(contributing€to€the€delinquency€or€unrulyÐ ° Ðconduct€of€a€minor).€€ ¨Ý ƒ•$ÝÓ  ÓÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X¡X»¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔòòSee€óóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„104(c),€(d),€(e)€(termination€of€parental€or€guardianship€rights,Ð ° Ðorders€of€support€for€minor€children,€and€proceedings€arising€from€the€1980€Hague€Convention€onÏthe€Civil€Aspects€of€International€Child€Abduction). =Ý ƒ•$ÝÓ  ÓÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X¡X»¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔòòSee€óóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„104(a)€(treatment€of€mentally€ill€or€retarded€children,Ð ° Ðguardianships,€and€judicial€consent€for€marriage). b Ý ƒ•$ÝÓ  ÓÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XŽÉX»¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔMr.€Baltz€cites€two€unreported€opinions€for€the€proposition€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„Ð ° Ð104(a)(2)€gives€juvenile€courts€subject€matter€jurisdiction€to€modify€custody€decrees€entered€byÏcourts€of€other€states.€€Neither€of€these€cases€hold€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„104(a)(2)€vests€thisÏjurisdiction€in€juvenile€courts,€and€therefore,€we€do€not€view€them€as€controlling.Ìà ` àThe€first€case,€òòCarpenter€v.€Carpenteróó,€No.€133,€1989€WL€139721€(Tenn€Ct.€App.€Nov.€16,Ð pÀ Ð1989)€(ò òCHECK€RULE€11€STATUSó ó),€involves€the€jurisdiction€of€the€Chancery€Court€for€Ô_ÔHamblenÔ_ÔÐ ` ° ÐCounty€to€place€a€child€in€the€custody€of€one€of€two€couples€seeking€to€adopt€it€after€the€other€coupleÏhad€been€awarded€temporary€custody€in€an€earlier€proceeding€in€the€Ô_ÔHamblenÔ_Ô€County€JuvenileÏCourt.€€The€couple€who€had€been€awarded€custody€by€the€juvenile€court€argued€that€the€chanceryÏcourt€could€not€assume€jurisdiction€because€the€juvenile€court€retained€exclusive€jurisdiction€underÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„103(a)(1).€€A€panel€of€this€court€disagreed€because€the€juvenile€court€hadÏdetermined€that€the€children€were€not€dependent€and€neglected,€abandoned,€or€abused.€€The€panelÏspeculated€that€the€juvenile€court€must€have€been€exercising€jurisdiction€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ37„1„104(a)(2).€€òòSeeóó€òòCarpenter€v.€Carpenteróó,€1989€WL€139721,€at€*2.€€Because€the€children€wereÐ à0  Ðapparently€abandoned€by€their€natural€parents,€it€is€understandable€that€the€panel€could€haveÏconcluded€that€the€juvenile€courtððs€custody€decision€was,€in€effect,€a€guardianship€proceeding.ÌÌà ` àThe€second€case€is€more€factually€akin€to€the€present€tone.€€A€mother€filed€a€petition€in€theÏJuvenile€Court€of€Memphis€and€Shelby€County€requesting€the€court€to€modify€an€Arkansas€courtððsÏcustody€decree.€€The€issue€on€appeal€involved€the€juvenile€courtððs€decision€to€decline€jurisdictionÏbecause€the€Arkansas€court€had€refused€to€waive€jurisdiction€over€the€case.€€A€panel€of€this€courtÏheld€that€a€Tennessee€court€could€take€jurisdiction€over€the€petition€because€Tennessee€had€becomeÏthe€childrenððs€home€state€and€because€the€Arkansas€proceeding€failed€to€Ô_ÔcmoplyÔ_Ô€with€the€ParentalÏKidnaping€Prevention€Act.€€òòSeeóó€òòIn€re€Ô_ÔBilskyÔ_Ôóó,€No.€02A01„9407„JV„00155,€1994€WL€699035,€at€*4Ð @ Ð(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Dec.€15,€1994)€(No€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€11€application€filed).€€There€is€no€indicationÏin€the€opinion€that€either€the€parties€or€the€panel€addressed€the€specific€question€of€the€ShelbyÏCounty€Juvenile€Courtððs€subject€matter€jurisdiction. ÓÝ ƒ•$ÝÓ  ÓÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X¡X»¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€36„6„201,€„225€(1996). ÒÝ ƒ•$ÝÓ  ÓÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X¡X»¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔòòSeeóó€Ark.€Code€Ann,€ðððð€9„13„201,€„228€(1998). ÇÝ ƒ•$ÝÓ  ÓÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X¡X»¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔòòSeeóó€28€U.S.C.A.€ðð€1738A€(West€1994).'í€"  Z 6Times New Roman Regular §Ý ƒ•$ÝÓ  ÓÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X¡X»¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€federal€Parental€Kidnaping€Prevention€Act€permits€the€enrollment€and€enforcement€ofÐ ° Ðforeign€custody€decrees.€€òòSeeóó€28€U.S.C.A.€ðð€1738A(a)€(West€1994);€òòYoung€v.€Smithóó,€939€S.W.2dÐ  ð Ð576,€577€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1996).€€ €BALTZLOVELLBaltzMeighan CasRidenStambaughMaddron c Ý ƒ•$ÝÓ  ÓÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XNÂX»¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔMr.€Baltz€cites€two€unreported€opinions€for€the€proposition€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„Ð ° Ð104(a)(2)€gives€juvenile€courts€subject€matter€jurisdiction€to€modify€custody€decrees€entered€byÏcourts€of€other€states.€€Neither€of€these€cases€hold€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„104(a)(2)€vests€thisÏjurisdiction€in€juvenile€courts,€and€therefore,€we€do€not€view€them€as€controlling.ÌÌà ` àThe€first€case,€òòCarpenter€v.€Carpenteróó,€No.€133,€1989€WL€139721€(Tenn€Ct.€App.€Nov.€16,Ð ` ° Ð1989)€(ò òCHECK€RULE€11€STATUSó ó),€involves€the€jurisdiction€of€the€Chancery€Court€for€Ô_ÔHamblenÔ_ÔÐ P   ÐCounty€to€place€a€child€in€the€custody€of€one€of€two€couples€seeking€to€adopt€it€after€the€other€coupleÏhad€been€awarded€temporary€custody€in€an€earlier€proceeding€in€the€Ô_ÔHamblenÔ_Ô€County€JuvenileÏCourt.€€The€couple€who€had€been€awarded€custody€by€the€juvenile€court€argued€that€the€chanceryÏcourt€could€not€assume€jurisdiction€because€the€juvenile€court€retained€exclusive€jurisdiction€underÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„103(a)(1).€€A€panel€of€this€court€disagreed€because€the€juvenile€court€hadÏdetermined€that€the€children€were€not€dependent€and€neglected,€abandoned,€or€abused.€€The€panelÏspeculated€that€the€juvenile€court€must€have€been€exercising€jurisdiction€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ37„1„104(a)(2).€€òòSeeóó€òòCarpenter€v.€Carpenteróó,€1989€WL€139721,€at€*2.€€Because€the€children€wereÐ Ð  Ðapparently€abandoned€by€their€natural€parents,€it€is€understandable€that€the€panel€could€haveÏconcluded€that€the€juvenile€courtððs€custody€decision€was,€in€effect,€a€guardianship€proceeding.ÌÌà ` àThe€second€case€is€more€factually€akin€to€the€present€tone.€€A€mother€filed€a€petition€in€theÏJuvenile€Court€of€Memphis€and€Shelby€County€requesting€the€court€to€modify€an€Arkansas€courtððsÏcustody€decree.€€The€issue€on€appeal€involved€the€juvenile€courtððs€decision€to€decline€jurisdictionÏbecause€the€Arkansas€court€had€refused€to€waive€jurisdiction€over€the€case.€€A€panel€of€this€courtÏheld€that€a€Tennessee€court€could€take€jurisdiction€over€the€petition€because€Tennessee€had€becomeÏthe€childrenððs€home€state€and€because€the€Arkansas€proceeding€failed€to€Ô_ÔcmoplyÔ_Ô€with€the€ParentalÏKidnaping€Prevention€Act.€€òòSeeóó€òòIn€re€Ô_ÔBilskyÔ_Ôóó,€No.€02A01„9407„JV„00155,€1994€WL€699035,€at€*4Ð 0€ Ð(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Dec.€15,€1994)€(No€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€11€application€filed).€€There€is€no€indicationÏin€the€opinion€that€either€the€parties€or€the€panel€addressed€the€specific€question€of€the€ShelbyÏCounty€Juvenile€Courtððs€subject€matter€jurisdiction. çÝ ƒ•$ÝÓ  ÓÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X¡X»¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔMr.€Baltz€appears€to€have€recognized€that€Tennessee€was€both€childrenððs€home€state€whenÐ ° Ðhe€filed€his€custody€petition€in€August€1995.€€At€that€time,€the€partiesðð€younger€daughter€had€notÏbeen€living€in€Georgia€for€six€months;€therefore,€Georgia€was€not€yet€the€childððs€home€state.€€EvenÐ à ÷ Ðif€Georgia€is€now€the€younger€daughterððs€home€state,€the€Uniform€Child€Custody€Jurisdiction€ActÏand€the€Parental€Kidnaping€Prevention€Act€would€require€Georgia€courts€to€defer€to€the€TennesseeÏproceeding.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„6„207.'í€"  Z 6Times New Roman Regular C Ý ƒ•$ÝÓ  ÓÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€!XîËX»¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔMr.€Baltz€cites€two€unreported€opinions€for€the€proposition€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„Ð ° Ð104(a)(2)€gives€juvenile€courts€subject€matter€jurisdiction€to€modify€custody€decrees€entered€byÏcourts€of€other€states.€€Neither€of€these€cases€hold€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„104(a)(2)€vests€thisÏjurisdiction€in€juvenile€courts,€and€therefore,€we€do€not€view€them€as€controlling.ÌÌà ` àThe€first€case,€òòCarpenter€v.€Carpenteróó,€No.€133,€1989€WL€139721€(Tenn€Ct.€App.€Nov.€16,Ð ` ° Ð1989)€(ò òCHECK€RULE€11€STATUSó ó),€involves€the€jurisdiction€of€the€Chancery€Court€for€Ô_ÔHamblenÔ_ÔÐ P   ÐCounty€to€place€a€child€in€the€custody€of€one€of€two€couples€seeking€to€adopt€it€after€the€other€coupleÏhad€been€awarded€temporary€custody€in€an€earlier€proceeding€in€the€Ô_ÔHamblenÔ_Ô€County€JuvenileÏCourt.€€The€couple€who€had€been€awarded€custody€by€the€juvenile€court€argued€that€the€chanceryÏcourt€could€not€assume€jurisdiction€because€the€juvenile€court€retained€exclusive€jurisdiction€underÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„103(a)(1).€€A€panel€of€this€court€disagreed€because€the€juvenile€court€hadÏdetermined€that€the€children€were€not€dependent€and€neglected,€abandoned,€or€abused.€€The€panelÏspeculated€that€the€juvenile€court€must€have€been€exercising€jurisdiction€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ37„1„104(a)(2).€€òòSeeóó€òòCarpenter€v.€Carpenteróó,€1989€WL€139721,€at€*2.€€Because€the€children€wereÐ Ð  Ðapparently€abandoned€by€their€natural€parents,€it€is€understandable€that€the€panel€could€haveÏconcluded€that€the€juvenile€courtððs€custody€decision€was,€in€effect,€a€guardianship€proceeding.ÌÌà ` àThe€second€case€is€more€factually€akin€to€the€present€tone.€€A€mother€filed€a€petition€in€theÏJuvenile€Court€of€Memphis€and€Shelby€County€requesting€the€court€to€modify€an€Arkansas€courtððsÏcustody€decree.€€The€issue€on€appeal€involved€the€juvenile€courtððs€decision€to€decline€jurisdictionÏbecause€the€Arkansas€court€had€refused€to€waive€jurisdiction€over€the€case.€€A€panel€of€this€courtÏheld€that€a€Tennessee€court€could€take€jurisdiction€over€the€petition€because€Tennessee€had€becomeÏthe€childrenððs€home€state€and€because€the€Arkansas€proceeding€failed€to€comply€with€the€ParentalÏKidnaping€Prevention€Act.€€òòSeeóó€òòIn€re€Ô_ÔBilskyÔ_Ôóó,€No.€02A01„9407„JV„00155,€1994€WL€699035,€at€*4Ð 0€ Ð(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Dec.€15,€1994)€(No€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€11€application€filed).€€There€is€no€indicationÏin€the€opinion€that€either€the€parties€or€the€panel€addressed€the€specific€question€of€the€ShelbyÏCounty€Juvenile€Courtððs€subject€matter€jurisdiction.'í€"  Z 6Times New Roman Regular = Ý ƒ•$ÝÓ  ÓÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X¡X»¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔMr.€Baltz€cites€two€unreported€opinions€for€the€proposition€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„Ð ° Ð104(a)(2)€gives€juvenile€courts€subject€matter€jurisdiction€to€modify€custody€decrees€entered€byÏcourts€of€other€states.€€Neither€of€these€cases€hold€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„104(a)(2)€vests€thisÏjurisdiction€in€juvenile€courts,€and€therefore,€we€do€not€view€them€as€controlling.ÌÌà ` àThe€first€case,€òòCarpenter€v.€Carpenteróó,€No.€133,€1989€WL€139721€(Tenn€Ct.€App.€Nov.€16,Ð ` ° Ð1989)€(No€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€11€application€filed),€involves€the€jurisdiction€of€the€Chancery€CourtÏfor€Ô_ÔHamblenÔ_Ô€County€to€place€a€child€in€the€custody€of€one€of€two€couples€seeking€to€adopt€it€afterÏthe€other€couple€had€been€awarded€temporary€custody€in€an€earlier€proceeding€in€the€Ô_ÔHamblenÔ_ÔÏCounty€Juvenile€Court.€€The€couple€who€had€been€awarded€custody€by€the€juvenile€court€argued€thatÏthe€chancery€court€could€not€assume€jurisdiction€because€the€juvenile€court€retained€exclusiveÏjurisdiction€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„103(a)(1).€€A€panel€of€this€court€disagreed€because€theÏjuvenile€court€had€determined€that€the€children€were€not€dependent€and€neglected,€abandoned,€orÏabused.€€The€panel€speculated€that€the€juvenile€court€must€have€been€exercising€jurisdiction€underÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„104(a)(2).€€òòSeeóó€òòCarpenter€v.€Carpenteróó,€1989€WL€139721,€at€*2.€€BecauseÐ Ð  Ðthe€children€were€apparently€abandoned€by€their€natural€parents,€it€is€understandable€that€the€panelÏcould€have€concluded€that€the€juvenile€courtððs€custody€decision€was,€in€effect,€a€guardianshipÏproceeding.ÌÌà ` àThe€second€case€is€more€factually€akin€to€the€present€tone.€€A€mother€filed€a€petition€in€theÏJuvenile€Court€of€Memphis€and€Shelby€County€requesting€the€court€to€modify€an€Arkansas€courtððsÏcustody€decree.€€The€issue€on€appeal€involved€the€juvenile€courtððs€decision€to€decline€jurisdictionÏbecause€the€Arkansas€court€had€refused€to€waive€jurisdiction€over€the€case.€€A€panel€of€this€courtÏheld€that€a€Tennessee€court€could€take€jurisdiction€over€the€petition€because€Tennessee€had€becomeÏthe€childrenððs€home€state€and€because€the€Arkansas€proceeding€failed€to€comply€with€the€ParentalÏKidnaping€Prevention€Act.€€òòSeeóó€òòIn€re€Ô_ÔBilskyÔ_Ôóó,€No.€02A01„9407„JV„00155,€1994€WL€699035,€at€*4Ð  p Ð(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Dec.€15,€1994)€(No€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€11€application€filed).€€There€is€no€indicationÏin€the€opinion€that€either€the€parties€or€the€panel€addressed€the€specific€question€of€the€ShelbyÏCounty€Juvenile€Courtððs€subject€matter€jurisdiction.$%&'(Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó))'÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd úÝ ƒ%¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€,¼­ ¼¼¼ÔÔ€,7î  ¼,¼­ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€,X- X ,7îÔÐ  ÐÌNovember€13,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAhÔó óVVVV'ÿÿdxd,@ÓÐAZ‹"Arial Regular dÝ ƒ¤U!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ„°ÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ7€f½¼¼dXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€„]„¼¼Ôò òñ×ñßr€#*+<,(j 8` `€€@E ±` 8ttxPX°ð  rßñ×ñÌÌà@¡ ¡ DàIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÌà@ÜÜ)DàAT€NASHVILLEó óˆÐ è8 ÐÔ€¼f½¼„„]ÔÌÌÌTIMOTHY€A.€BALTZ,à h àà À àà  à)Ð ’ â Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà ` àPlaintiff/Appellant,à À àà  à)Ð ¾  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àMaury€JuvenileÐ Ô$  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àNo.€326„28„157Ð ê:  ÐVS.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð P  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àAppeal€No.Ð f  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p à01A01„9606„JV„00263Ð ,| ÐPAM€BALTZ€KNIGHT,à h àà À àà  à)Ð B’ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà ` àDefendant/Appellee.à À àà  à)Ð n¾ ÐÌÌÌÌà@:: DàAPPEAL€FROM€THE€JUVENILE€COURTˆÌà@'DàFOR€MAURY€COUNTYˆÌà@WW$DàAT€COLUMBIA,€TENNESSEEˆÌÌÌà@ö ö DàTHE€HONORABLE€GEORGE€LOVELL,€JUDGEˆÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€Plaintiff/Appellantóó:à h àà À àà  àà p àà È àòòFor€Defendant/Appelleeóó:Ð ¸($  ÐÌWilliam€S.€Flemingà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àClaudia€S.€JackÐ ä*4&" ÐColumbia,€Tennesseeà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àColumbia,€TennesseeÐ ú+J'# ÐÌÔ€„]„¼¼f½Ôò òÌÌÌÌà@%DàAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDó óˆÐ Æ3/) ÐÔ€¼f½¼„„]ÔÌÌÌÌÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÐ  ²;70 ÐÔ€„]„¼¼f½Ôò òòòÓ€Óà@ÎÎ)DàO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óˆÐ ° ÐÔ€¼f½¼„„]ÔÌñÏñÔ‡ŠÂŠ¼¼f½ÔñÏñà ` àThis€appeal€involves€the€authority€of€the€Maury€County€Juvenile€Court€to€modify€anÐ m½ ÐArkansas€courtððs€decree€involving€the€custody€of€two€children.€€Five€years€after€the€childrenÏand€their€mother€moved€to€Tennessee,€the€father€filed€a€petition€in€the€Maury€CountyÏJuvenile€Court€seeking€sole€custody€and€child€support.€€The€juvenile€court€entered€an€agreedÏorder€on€September€8,€1995,€granting€each€of€the€parents€custody€of€one€of€their€daughters.€ÏHowever,€approximately€eight€months€later,€the€juvenile€court€determined€that€it€lackedÏsubject€matter€jurisdiction€to€modify€the€Arkansas€custody€decree€and€vacated€its€SeptemberÏ8,€1995€order.€€The€father€has€appealed.€€We€agree€that€the€Maury€County€Juvenile€Court€didÏnot€have€subject€matter€jurisdiction€over€this€matter€and,€therefore,€affirm€the€juvenile€courtððsÏdecision€invalidating€its€own€order.€€ÌÌà@ÿÿ.Dàò òI.ó óˆÐ / ÐÌà ` àPam€Baltz€Knight€and€Timothy€A.€Baltz€were€married€in€Jefferson€County,€Arkansas,Ïin€1972.€€Their€two€daughters€were€born€in€1981€and€1985.€€On€January€13,€1989,€theÏChancery€Court€for€Jefferson€County,€Arkansas,€granted€Ms.€Knight€an€absolute€divorce€andÏawarded€her€custody€of€the€partiesðð€children.€€Mr.€Baltz€received€reasonable€visitation€rightsÏand€was€ordered€to€pay€child€support.€€In€January€1990,€Ms.€Knight€and€her€daughters€movedÏto€Tennessee€and€have€lived€here€ever€since.€€In€1993,€Mr.€Baltz€moved€to€Georgia.€€Thus,ÏArkansas€has€had€no€connection€with€either€the€parties€or€their€children€since€1993.€€ÌÌà ` àDuring€the€summer€of€1995,€Ms.€Knight€voluntarily€entered€a€treatment€center€forÏalcohol€dependency.€€Before€entering€the€center,€she€and€Mr.€Baltz€agreed€that€Mr.€BaltzÏwould€care€for€the€children€at€his€home€in€Georgia€while€she€was€in€treatment.€€In€AugustÏ1995,€the€older€daughter€returned€to€Tennessee€to€live€with€her€mother,€but€the€youngerÏdaughter€remained€in€Georgia€with€Mr.€Baltz.€€On€August€14,€1995,€Mr.€Baltz€filed€a€petitionÏin€the€Maury€County€Juvenile€Court€seeking€custody€of€the€partiesðð€children€and€childÏsupport.€€He€alleged€that€there€had€been€a€material€change€of€circumstances€and€that€theÏparties€had€agreed€it€would€be€in€the€childrenððs€best€interests€to€award€him€custody.€€OnÏSeptember€8,€1995,€the€juvenile€court€entered€an€agreed€order€granting€the€parties€jointÏcustody€of€their€children€and€awarding€Ms.€Knight€primary€physical€custody€of€the€olderÏchild€and€Mr.€Baltz€primary€physical€custody€of€the€younger€child.€€Ìâ âÐ -9}4D Ðà ` àOn€March€8,€1996,€Ms.€Knight€requested€the€juvenile€court€to€declare€its€SeptemberÏâ â8,€1995€order€void€because€it€lacked€subject€matter€jurisdiction.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€She€also€filed€a€petition€inÐ 6† Ðthe€Chancery€Court€for€Maury€County€seeking€to€enroll€and€enforce€the€Arkansas€custodyÏdecree׃`×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€as€well€as€a€petition€for€writ€of€habeas€corpus€to€require€Mr.€Baltz€to€return€theÐ K › Ðyounger€child€to€Tennessee.׃ø×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€On€April€25,€1996,€the€juvenile€court€entered€an€orderÐ Ô $ Ðdeclaring€its€September€8,€1995€order€void.€€Mr.€Baltz€has€appealed,€arguing€that€the€juvenileÏcourt€had€subject€matter€jurisdiction€under€Tennesseeððs€version€of€the€Uniform€ChildÏCustody€Jurisdiction€Act€and€its€concurrent€jurisdiction€with€the€probate€court.€€ÌÌÓ  Óòòò òII.ó óóóÐ Ñ  ÐÌÓùÓà ` àBecause€this€appeal€involves€an€interstate€child€custody€dispute,€we€must€first€Ìdetermine€whether€any€Tennessee€court€may€exercise€jurisdiction.€€The€answer€to€thisÏquestion€requires€us€to€consider€both€Tennesseeððs׃° ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€Arkansasððs׃h ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€version€of€the€UniformÐ ¥õ ÐChild€Custody€Jurisdiction€Act€and€the€federal€Parental€Kidnaping€Prevention€Act.׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€TheÐ .~ Ðcommon€purpose€of€these€statues€is€to€avoid€jurisdictional€competition€and€conflict€amongÏcourts€in€matters€of€child€custody€and€to€assure€that€custody€litigation€takes€place€in€the€stateÏwith€which€the€child€and€the€childððs€family€have€the€closest€connection.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€CodeÐ É" ÐAnn.€ðð€€36„6„201(a)(1),€„201(a)(3).€ÌÌà ` àA€Tennessee€court€has€jurisdiction€to€render€an€initial€custody€decision€or€to€modifyÏa€custody€decision€of€a€court€of€another€state€if€Tennessee€is€the€childððs€home€state€at€theÏtime€of€the€commencement€of€the€proceeding.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„6„203(a)(1)(A).€Ð v&Æ!, ÐEven€though€both€the€Uniform€Child€Custody€Jurisdiction€Act€and€the€Parental€KidnapingÏPrevention€Act€strongly€favor€continuing€jurisdiction€in€the€court€that€rendered€the€initialÏcustody€decision,€they€recognize€that€courts€of€other€states€may€modify€these€decrees€inÐ +a&2 Ðcarefully€controlled€circumstances.€€òòSee€Brown€v.€Brownóó,€847€S.W.2d€496,€505€(Tenn.€1993).€Ð ° ÐIn€order€for€a€court€in€this€state€to€have€jurisdiction€to€modify€the€custody€decree€of€a€courtÏof€another€state,€the€court€must€first€find:ÌÓ€Óà8 ` à(1)à0¸ ` (#` (#àthat€the€court€that€rendered€the€initial€custody€decree€no€longer€has€Ð K › Ðjurisdiction€over€the€case€under€the€laws€of€that€state€or€has€declined€toÏassert€jurisdiction;Ð ¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌà8 ` à(2)à0¸ ` (#` (#àthat€the€children€and€the€parents€do€not€reside€in€the€state€that€renderedÐ c ³  Ðthe€initial€custody€decree;€andÐ ¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌÓ€Óà8 ` à(3)à0¸ ` (#` (#àthat€the€courts€of€this€state€have€jurisdiction.ÐuÅ ¸ (#¸ (# ÐòòSeeóó€28€U.S.C.A.€ðð€1738A(d);€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„6„215(a).€€Ð þN  ÐÌà ` àThe€Arkansas€version€of€the€Uniform€Child€Custody€Jurisdiction€Act€permitsÏArkansas€courts€to€exercise€custody€jurisdiction€if€Arkansas€is€the€childððs€home€state€or€ifÏArkansas€has€a€significant€connection€to€the€child€and€either€or€both€parents.€€See€Ark.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€9„13„203;€òòYoung€v.€Smithóó,€939€S.W.2d€at€578.€€The€statute€specifically€permitsÐ «û ÐArkansas€courts€to€modify€a€custody€decision€ifÌÓ€Óà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà  àIt€is€in€the€best€interest€of€the€child€that€a€court€of€thisÏstate€assume€jurisdiction€because€(ñÓñiñÓññÓñIñÓñ)€the€child€and€his€parents,€orÏthe€child€and€at€least€one€(1)€contestant,€have€a€significantÏconnection€with€this€state€and€(ii)€there€is€available€in€this€stateÏsubstantial€evidence€concerning€the€childððs€present€or€futureÏcare,€protection,€housing,€and€personal€relationships.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓ€ÓòòSeeóó€Ark.€Code€Ann.€ðð€9„13„203(a)(2).€€The€Arkansas€Supreme€Court€has€construed€thisÐ ç#7$ Ðsection€to€provide€that€the€courts€that€entered€an€initial€custody€order€do€not€retain€continuingÏmodification€jurisdiction€if€the€parties€and€the€children€are€living€in€another€state.€€òòSee€DavisÐ ù&I"( Ðv.€Davisóó,€687€S.W.2d€843,€846€(Ark.€1985).€Ð ‚(Ò#* ÐÌà ` àThere€is€little€question€under€the€facts€of€this€case€that€Tennesseeððs€courts€have€theÏjurisdiction€to€modify€the€initial€custody€decree€entered€by€the€Arkansas€chancery€court€onÏJanuary€13,€1989.€€Arkansas€is€no€longer€the€residence€of€Ms.€Knight,€Mr.€Baltz€or€theirÏchildren,€and€the€record€contains€no€evidence€that€the€children€have€maintained€any€sort€ofÏconnection€with€Arkansas€since€they€moved€to€Tennessee€with€their€mother€in€January€1990.€ÏUnder€Arkansas€law,€the€Arkansas€courts€no€longer€have€jurisdiction€over€custody€issues.€ÏHowever,€the€Tennessee€courts€have€jurisdiction€over€these€issues€by€virtue€of€the€fact€thatÏTennessee€became€the€childrenððs€home€state.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Accordingly,€we€conclude€that€TennesseeððsÐ S6£1< Ðcourts€may€properly€assert€subject€matter€jurisdiction€over€the€custody€dispute€between€Mr.ÏBaltz€and€Ms.€Knight.ÌÌà@««-Dàò òIII.ó óˆÐ K › ÐÌà ` àWe€now€turn€to€the€question€of€the€Maury€County€Juvenile€Courtððs€jurisdiction€toÏmodify€the€Arkansas€custody€decree.€€Mr.€Baltz€asserts€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„¼104(a)(2)€(Supp.€1998)€gives€the€juvenile€court€subject€matter€jurisdiction€over€custodyÏissues€such€as€this€one.€€We€have€determined€that€Mr.€Baltz€has€read€too€much€into€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€37„1„104(a)(2).€€ÌÌà@ÛÛ.Dàò òA.ó óˆÐ “ã ÐÌà ` àThe€concept€of€subject€matter€jurisdiction€involves€a€courtððs€power€to€adjudicate€aÏparticular€type€of€controversy.€€òòSee€Meighan€v.€U.S.€Sprint€Communications€Co.óó,€924€S.W.2dÐ .~ Ðat€639;€òòTurpin€v.€Conner€Bros.€Excavating€Co.óó,€761€S.W.2d€296,€297€(Tenn.€1988);€òòStandardÐ · ÐSur.€&€Cas.€Co.€v.€Sloanóó,€180€Tenn.€220,€230,€173€S.W.2d€436,€440€(1943).€€Courts€deriveÐ @  Ðtheir€subject€matter€jurisdiction€from€the€Constitution€of€Tennessee€or€from€legislative€act,Ð É" Ðòòsee€Kane€v.€Kaneóó,€547€S.W.2d€559,€560€(Tenn.€1977);€òòBrown€v.€Brownóó,€198€Tenn.€600,€618„Ð R ¢$ Ð19,€281€S.W.2d€492,€501€(1955),€and€cannot€exercise€jurisdictional€powers€that€have€notÏbeen€conferred€directly€on€them€expressly€or€by€necessary€implication.€€òòSee€Hicks€v.€Hicksóó,Ð d#´( ÐNo.€01A01„9309„CH„00417,€1994€WL€108896,€at€*2€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Mar.€30,€1994)€(NoÏTenn.€R.€App.€P.€11€application€filed).€€ÌÌà ` àA€courtððs€subject€matter€jurisdiction€in€a€particular€circumstance€depends€on€theÏnature€of€the€cause€of€action€and€the€relief€sought.€€òòSee€Landers€v.€Jonesóó,€872€S.W.2d€674,Ð +a&2 Ð675€(Tenn.€1994).€€It€does€not€depend€on€the€conduct€or€agreement€of€the€parties.€€òòSee€ShelbyÐ š,ê'4 ÐCounty€v.€City€of€Memphisóó,€211€Tenn.€410,€413,€365€S.W.2d€291,€292€(1963);€òòJames€v.Ð #.s)6 ÐKennedyóó,€174€Tenn.€591,€595,€129€S.W.2d€215,€216€(1939).€€Judgments€or€orders€entered€byÐ ¬/ü*8 Ðcourts€without€subject€matter€jurisdiction€are€void,€òòsee€Brown€v.€Brownóó,€198€Tenn.€at€610,Ð 51…,: Ð281€S.W.2d€at€497;€òòRiden€v.€Snideróó,€832€S.W.2d€341,€343€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1991),€and€theÐ ¾2.< Ðlack€of€subject€matter€jurisdiction€is€so€fundamental€that€it€requires€dismissal€whenever€it€isÏraised€and€demonstrated.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€P.€12.08.€€Ð Ð5 1@ Ðà@áá.Dàò òB.ó óˆÐ ° ÐÌà ` àJuvenile€courts€are€courts€of€limited€jurisdiction,€òòsee€Stambaugh€v.€Priceóó,€532€S.W.2dÐ Â Ð929,€932€(Tenn.€1976),€whose€subject€matter€jurisdiction€is€defined€by€statute.€€The€GeneralÏAssembly€has€given€juvenile€courts€exclusive€subject€matter€jurisdiction€over€ten€specificÏtypes€of€proceedings,€including€delinquency€proceedings,€dependency€and€neglectÏproceedings,€and€paternity€proceedings.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„103€(Supp.€1998).€Ð æ 6  ÐHowever,€this€statute€does€not,€either€explicitly€or€by€necessary€implication,€give€juvenileÏcourts€subject€matter€jurisdiction€over€custody€matters€independent€of€one€of€the€proceedingsÏlisted€therein.ÌÌà ` àThe€General€Assembly€has€also€given€juvenile€courts€concurrent€jurisdiction€with€theÏgeneral€sessions€courts€over€one€type€of€proceeding,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€concurrent€jurisdiction€with€theÐ l Ðcircuit€and€chancery€courts€over€three€types€of€proceedings.׃p×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€It€has€also€given€juvenile€courtsÐ ¥õ Ðconcurrent€jurisdiction€with€probate€courts€over€three€types€of€proceedings.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€None€of€theseÐ .~ Ðstatutes€explicitly€give€juvenile€courts€concurrent€jurisdiction€to€modify€custody€ordersÏentered€in€the€context€of€a€divorce€proceeding.ÌÌà ` àMr.€Baltz,€however,€asserts€that€the€juvenile€courtððs€concurrent€jurisdiction€with€theÏprobate€courts€ð ðto€determine€custody€or€appoint€a€guardian€of€the€person€of€a€childðð€underÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„104(a)(2)€empowers€juvenile€courts€to€modify€custody€decreesÏentered€by€courts€of€other€states.€€We€disagree.€€A€juvenile€courtððs€subject€matter€jurisdictionÏunder€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„104(a)(2)€derives€directly€from€the€probate€courtððsÏjurisdiction€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€€34„12„101€,€„106€(1996)€to€appoint€a€guardian€for€aÏchild.€€Custody€is€an€integral€part€of€a€guardianship€proceeding€because€the€purpose€of€theÏproceeding€is€to€appoint€a€person€who€will€become€legally€responsible€for€the€care€andÏmanagement€of€a€child€during€his€or€her€minority.€€Persons€appointed€as€guardians€cannotÏcarry€out€their€responsibilities€without€being€given€legal€custody€of€their€ward.€€Since€Mr.Ïâ âBaltz€did€not€initiate€a€guardianship€proceeding€in€this€case,€he€cannot€rely€on€Tenn.€CodeÐ ¬/ü*8 ÐAnn.€ðð€37„1„104(a)(2)€to€provide€the€juvenile€court€subject€matter€jurisdiction€to€modify€theÏArkansas€custody€decision.€€Ìâ âÌà ` àCourts€with€subject€matter€jurisdiction€over€suits€for€annulment,€divorce,€or€separateÏmaintenance€have€jurisdiction€to€decide€the€custody€issues€arising€during€these€proceedings.€ÏòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„6„101(a)(1)€(Supp.€1998).€€Only€circuit€courts,€chancery€courts,Ð ] ­  Ðand€courts€whose€jurisdiction€has€been€otherwise€conferred€by€general€or€local€act€have€thisÏjurisdiction.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð,€16„10„108,€16„11„110€(1994).€€Unless€a€juvenile€courtÐ o¿  Ðis€exercising€exclusive€jurisdiction€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„103,€it€cannot€interfereÏwith€a€custody€decision€made€in€the€context€of€a€divorce€proceeding.€€òòSeeóó€òòIn€re€Maddronóó,€No.Ð Ñ  Ð77,€1991€WL€135467,€at€*4€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€July€25,€1991)€(No€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€11Ïapplication€filed).ñÑññÔññÕñÔ_Ô׃"×ñÕññÕñ׃ ×ñÕññÔññÔñ׃×ñÔññÑññÑñ׃×ñÑñÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ô_Ô€€Just€as€juvenile€courts€may€not€modify€a€custody€decision€of€a€TennesseeÐ “ã Ðcourt€unless€they€are€exercising€their€authority€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„103,€weÏhold€that€they€have€no€subject€matter€jurisdiction€to€modify€a€foreign€custody€determinationÏunder€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„6„215€unless€they€are€also€proceeding€under€a€provision€ofÏñÈñone€of€ñÈñTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„103ñÉñ's€provisionsñÉñ.ÌñÐñÐ @  ЇñÐñÌà@±±.Dàò òIV.ó óˆÐ 9‰ ÐÓ  ÓÌà @ àà @ àÓÖFÓà ` àThe€judgment€of€the€Maury€County€Juvenile€Court€dismissing€Mr.€Baltzððs€petition€forÏlack€of€subject€matter€jurisdiction€is€affirmed€and€the€case€is€remanded€for€whatever€furtherÏproceedings€may€be€required.€€We€tax€the€costs€of€this€appeal€to€Timothy€A.€Baltz€and€hisÏsurety€for€which€execution,€if€necessary,€may€issue.ÌñÊñÌñÊñÌÓ€Óà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à______________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÌñËñÌñËñÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ__________________________________ÌHENRY€F.€TODD,€PRESIDING€JUDGE€ÌMIDDLE€SECTION€ÌÌÌÌ__________________________________ÌSAMUEL€L.€LEWIS,€JUDGEñÖñ€ñÖññÏñÔ#†¼zþ»‹Šqu² #ÔñÏññÖñÐ  F– Ðò òÔ‡„¼„»¼zþÔà@¡ ¡ DàIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@ÜÜ)DàAT€NASHVILLEó óˆÐ h ÐÔ#†¼zþ»„„¼CJ#ÔÌÌTIMOTHY€A.€BALTZ,à h àà À àà  à)Ð °  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà ` àPlaintiff/Appellant,à À àà  à)Ð à 0 Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àMaury€JuvenileÐ ø H ÐVS.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àNo.€326„28„157Ð `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)ÌPAM€BALTZ€KNIGHT,à h àà À àà  à)à p àAppeal€No.Ð @  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p à01A01„9606„JV„00263Ð X¨  Ðà ` àDefendant/Appellee.à À àà  à)Ð pÀ  ÐÌÑ8€zþ¼»d¼»d8ÑÔ€„¼„»¼zþÔò òòòà@àà(DàJ€U€D€G€M€E€N€Tóóó óˆÐ  ð ÐÔ€¼zþ»„„¼ÔÓ€ÓÌà ` àThis€cause€came€on€to€be€heard€upon€the€record€on€appeal€from€the€MauryÏCounty€Juvenile€Court,€the€briefs€of€the€parties,€and€arguments€of€counsel.€€UponÏconsideration€of€the€entire€record,€this€court€finds€and€concludes€that€the€trial€courtððsÏjudgment€should€be€affirmed.ÌÌà ` àIn€accordance€with€the€opinion€filed€contemporaneously€with€this€judgment,Ïit€is,€therefore,€ordered,€adjudged,€and€decreed€that€the€trial€courtððs€judgment€be€andÏis€hereby€affirmed,€and€that€the€cause€be€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€furtherÏproceedings€consistent€with€this€courtððs€opinion.ÌÌà ` àIt€is€further€ordered€that€the€costs€of€this€appeal€be€taxed€to€Timothy€A.€Baltz,Ïprincipal,€and€Fleming,€Holloway€&€Flynn,€surety,€for€which€execution€may€issue,Ïif€necessary.ÌÌÓ€ÓÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à__________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àHENRY€F.€TODD,€PRESIDING€JUDGE€Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àMIDDLE€SECTION€ÌÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à__________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àSAMUEL€L.€LEWIS,€JUDGE€ÌÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à__________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEñÖñ