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G.\ .\ .v õ-v õ-B Â-1 °-ôw-ôw- e- e- e- N- N- N-k ¢-k ¢-k ¢-š Ò-š Ò- k- k- k-\ -Ž â, [, [,R µ,R µ,¨ -¨ -¨ - -â ¯-} .} .( e.( e.( e.v ¸.v ¸.v ¸.ã $/ã $/ã $/Ë 5/Ë 5/¹ L/¹ L/¹ L/h ó.P ×. ˆ.É ’.± ž.“ ».` í.k 8/± €/Ì œ/è ­/ Ã/ Ã/( Ù/( Ù/ ç/ ç/ ç/ý 0ó 0Û 50Û 50ÿ `'·/·/»/û »/è Ã/Æ ‡/² k/’ J/t +/O /1 / õ.õ ù.Ñ /¹ ,/‹ U/j u/j u/Ê 0Ê 0 a0> †0« î0« î0 1 1z 1z 1z 1 ®0ð …0£ 50q h0` }0, À0 c0ò F0¶ ë/æ Ë/ö ¿/ ¡/ç s/Ô c/™ +/™ +/± /± /Ç /Ç /Ç /þ ;/ O/< |/< |/Ý à.Ý à.P m.P m.P m.Ž ..õ W.{ â.» #/á U/·/·/ ùÝ ƒ"¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€XVXXXXÔÔ€É#XXVXÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€XVXXÉ#ÔÐ  ÐÌOctober€21,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAhÔó ó ˜Ý ƒ /Q+ÝÔ d ÔÝ  Ýßq€] ;+'h 0  ` Á{ â gæ€E°°x@8[ x‰°°x@8qß,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular!"T$&Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó(('÷ÿ dxd düÿP Pd'''''ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝT^yúÿ  <<= 8ÀÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ____3 TripledxdCTriple 1+| d d dÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ݛҀ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ‡¼ü@¼XXÔÓ'€Ð‡Xè“X°œX'ÓÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ  ÑÑ€ foÑœñ›ñÖ€ÿÿÖñ›ññ¦ññ¦ññ¦ññœñœñœñßr€ )<,(j 8` `€€@Eô±` 8ttxP,°ð  rßñ¦ññœññœññ¦ññ¦ñRUSTY›€JOLENE€BEAL,à 8 àà  à)Ð ° Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)ÌÓ6€ü(‚X˜‘X€Ð‡Xè“X6Óñ¦ññ¦ñà Ø àPlaintiff/Appellee,à  à)à  àAppeal€No.Ð Ð  Ðñ¦ññ¦ñà Ø àà  à)à  à01„A„01„9801„CV„00024Ð à0 Ðv.à Ø àà  à)Ð ð@ Ðà Ø àà  à)à  àDavidson€CircuitÐ  P Ðñ¦ñœßt€ )>.*jxŽÿ` `€€@E‚ ` 8ttxPº ð  tß›ñ¦ñJOHN€DOE€[and€à  à)à  àNo.€94C„4165Ð  ` ÐTennessee€Farmers€Mutual€à  à)à  àÐ  p ÐInsurance€Company],à  à)Ð 0 € Ðà Ø àà  à)Ìà Ø àDefendants/Appellants.à  à)Ð P   Ðà Ø àà  à)ÌÌÌÔ#†XmX¼¼ü@8#ÔÔ‡»|C»XXmÔÓ  ÓCOURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ à ÐÌÌAPPEAL€FROM€THE€CIRCUIT€COURT€FOR€DAVIDSON€COUNTYÌÌAT€NASHVILLE,€TENNESSEEÌÌÌTHE€HONORABLE€BARBARA€N.€HAYNES,€JUDGEÌÓ9°,X‚Xì“X€ü(‚X˜‘X9ÓÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÌÔ#†XmX»»|C‹#ÔÔ‡¼ü@¼XXmÔGEORGE€M.€ALLENÐ p"À ÐWischhof€&€AllenÌ110€Glancy€Street,€Suite€207ÌGoodlettsville,€Tennessee€€37072Ìà Ø àATTORNEY€FOR€PLAINTIFF/APPELLEEÌÌÌÌTHOMAS€H.€PEEBLESÌG.€BRIAN€JACKSONÌTrabue,€Sturdivant€&€DeWittÌ511€Union€StreetÌ25th€Floor,€Nashville€City€CenterÌNashville,€Tennessee€€37219Ìà Ø àATTORNEYS€FOR€DEFENDANTS/APPELLANTSÌÌÓ  ÓœÌ̛̜AFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌÌñœñÑ foÑÑ7€mXXdìXXdì7ÑÑ€ ÑÑ  ÑÑ foÑÑ#€O@Xÿÿd#ÑÑ € ÑÑ  Ññœñ›ÌñœñÑ foÑÑ7€mXXdìXXdì7ÑÑ€ ÑÑ  ÑñœñÓ  Óà @ àà @ì àWILLIAM€B.€CAIN,€JUDGEÐ à:0634 ÐÑ foÑÑ7€mXXdìXXdì7ÑÑ€ ÑÑ  ÑñœñÑ foÑÑ7€F9XXdìXXdì7ÑÑ€ ÑÑ  ÑñœñÓÓÓ  ÓœòòÔ#†XmX¼¼ü@#ÔÔ‡°aQ°XXmÔOPINIONóó›Ð ° ÐÓ  ÓÔ#†XmX°°aQ] #ÔÔ‡¼ü@¼XXmÔÓ€ÓÓ9°,X°4ì“X°,X‚Xì“X9Óà  àThis€is€an€appeal€by€Tennessee€Farmers€Mutual€Insurance€Company€andÐ T¤ Ðan€unknown€motorist€alleged€to€be€uninsured€pursuant€to€the€provisions€ofÏTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€56„7„1201(e).ÌÌà  àRusty€Jolene€Beal€filed€suit€against€James€M.€Sloan€as€driver,€andÏWilliam€Sloan€as€owner€of€a€vehicle€which€struck€plaintiff€vehicle€in€the€rear€onÏWhite€Bridge€Road,€Nashville,€Tennessee€January€2,€1994.€€The€allegationsÏasserted€proximate€negligence,€family€purpose€doctrine€and€injuries€to€theÏplaintiff.ÌÌà  àBeal€was€insured€by€Tennessee€Farmers€Mutual€Insurance€CompanyÏunder€a€policy€providing€$50,000€per€person€liability€limits€and€$100,000€perÏaccident€limits.€€The€same€limits€were€applicable€to€uninsured€or€underinsuredÏmotorists.ÌÌà  àProcess€was€served€on€Tennessee€Farmers€Mutual€under€TennesseeÏCode€Annotated€section€œ56„7„1206,›€and€on€February€8,€1995,€Tennessee€FarmersÏanswered€admitting€the€policy€of€insurance€and€the€limits€therein€and€claimedÏsubrogation€of€$9,317.01€under€the€provisions€of€its€medical€pay€clause.€€In€thisÏanswer€Tennessee€Farmers€demanded€a€jury€of€twelve€to€try€the€cause€andÏprovided€further:ÌÓ€Óà8  àTennessee€Farmers€Mutual€Insurance€Company€("TennesseeÏFarmers")€files€this€answer€pursuant€to€T.C.A.€ððÔ#†XmX¼¼ü@Ë #ÔÔ‡¼ü@¼XXmÔ€56„7„1201,Ð Ü*,&- Ðòòet€seqóó.,€and€specifically€reserves€the€right€to€defend€in€its€ownÐ ì+<'. Ðname€or€in€the€name€of€the€alleged€uninsured/underinsuredÏmotorist,€pursuant€to€T.C.A.€ððÔ#†XmX¼¼ü@ˆ#ÔÔ‡¼ü@¼XXmÔ€56„7„1206.Ð .\)0 Ð  Ð  ÐÌÓ€ÓÌà  àIn€the€original€complaint€Beal€charged€that€the€negligence€of€JamesÏSloan€".€.€.€constituted€the€sole€and€proximate€cause€of€the€accident€.€.€."ÌÌà  àOn€AprilÔ#†XmX¼¼ü@¡#ÔÔ‡¼ü@¼XXmÔ€6,€1995,€defendants€Sloan€filed€an€answer€to€the€originalÐ Œ6Ü1: Ðcomplaint€admitting€that€the€negligence€of€James€M.€Sloan€was€a€proximate€causeÏof€the€automobile€accident€but€denying€that€such€negligence€was€a€proximateÐ ¼9 5> Ðcause€of€the€injuries€alleged€by€the€plaintiff.€€In€this€answer€defendants€SloanÏdemanded€a€jury€of€twelve€to€try€the€action€just€as€Beal€had€demanded€such€a€juryÏin€the€original€complaint.ÌÌà  àOn€May€23,€1996,€defendants€Sloan€filed€an€amended€answer€assertingÏthat€an€unknown€driver€of€a€vehicle€had€abruptly€stopped€ahead€of€plaintiff,€thusÏforcing€plaintiff€to€abruptly€stop€and€at€least€partially€causing€defendant€Sloan€toÏstrike€plaintiff's€vehicle€in€the€rear.€€Thus,€defendant€Sloan€sought€œthrough›Ïcomparative€fault€œto›€allocate€part€of€the€responsibility€to€the€unknown€driver€ofÏthe€unknown€vehicle.€€Sloan€reiterated€his€demand€for€a€twelve€person€jury€to€tryÏthe€cause.ÌÌà  àOn€May€24,€1996,€Tennessee€Farmers€Mutual€amended€its€answer€byÏadding€the€following:ÌÓ€Óà8  àÔ#†XF9X¼¼¬/«#ÔÔ€¼¬/¼XXF9Ô15.€€€€€Alternatively,€this€accident€was€proximately€caused€byÐ P Ðthe€negligence€of€an€unknown€driver,€who€caused€the€plaintiffÏto€stop€abruptly€and€unexpectedly.€€The€negligence€of€theÏunknown€driver€was€the€sole€proximate€cause€of€any€injuriesÏto€the€plaintiff.€€Alternatively,€the€negligence€of€the€defendantÏSloan,€if€any,€should€be€compared€with€that€of€the€unknownÏdriver€and/or€the€plaintiff,€according€to€the€principles€ofÏcomparative€fault.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌÓ€ÓÌà  àOn€July€5,€1996,€plaintiff€filed€her€first€amended€complaint€making€theÏunknown€driver€a€"John€Doe"€defendant€and€seeking€judgment€against€both€theÏSloan€defendants€and€the€unknown€driver,€John€Doe.ÌÌà  àOn€June€23,€1997,€Tennessee€Farmers€Mutual€filed€an€answer€to€theÏamended€complaint€acknowledging€its€defense€of€John€Doe€and€again€demandingÏa€twelve€person€jury€to€try€the€cause.ÌÌà  àTennessee€Farmers€made€a€tactical€decision€not€to€participate€in€the€trialÏof€the€case,€acting€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€œ56„7„¼1206(a)(1994).›€€œò òòòSee€generally›€McCall€v.€Maryland€Casualty€Co.ó óóó,€516€S.W.2dÐ 6h1; Ð353€(Tenn.€1974).̜РK9›4? Л‡à  àWhen€the€case€came€on€for€trial€on€the€jury€docket€on€June€25,€1997,Ïonly€counsel€for€the€plaintiff€Beal€and€counsel€for€the€defendants€Sloan€appearedÏfor€trial.ÌÌà  àCounsel€for€these€parties€in€the€voluntary€absence€of€counsel€forÏTennessee€Farmers€waived€their€respective€demands€for€trial€by€jury€andÏproceeded€with€a€bench€trial.€€At€the€close€of€the€plaintiff's€proof,€the€defendantsÏSloan€settled€with€plaintiffs€and€the€bench€trial€continued€between€plaintiff€and€theÏunknown€motorist.€€Counsel€for€Tennessee€Farmers€appeared€before€theÏcompletion€of€the€proof€and€demanded€that€a€jury€be€impaneled€in€accordanceÏwith€Tennessee€Farmer's€demand€for€a€jury€in€its€pleadings.€€Such€demand€wasÏdenied€by€the€trial€court€and€the€case€taken€under€advisement€as€a€bench€trial.ÌÌà  àOn€July€24,€1997,€the€trial€court€rendered€its€judgment€in€part€as€follows:ÌÓ€ÓÓB€ ü(€ ä ¼è˜‘X°,X°4ì“XBÓà8  àà ä àÔ€XF9X¼¼¬/ÔBefore€the€conclusion€of€the€Plaintiff's€proof,€G.€Brian€Jackson,Ð P Ðprimary€counsel€for€John€Doe€and€TFMIC,€appeared€at€Court.€ÏImmediately€following€completion€of€the€Plaintiff's€proof,€said€counselÏobjected€in€open€court€to€trial€of€the€case€non„jury€and€reiterated€hisÏclients'€demand€that€a€jury€be€empaneled€to€hear€the€case.€€Counsel€forÏthe€Plaintiff€objected€to€the€right€of€counsel€for€TFMIC,€who€was€notÏpresent€at€the€beginning€of€the€trial,€to€later€appear€and€contest€the€non„¼jury€proceeding.€€Counsel€for€John€Doe€and€TFMIC€stated€to€the€CourtÏthat€those€parties€were€not€withdrawing€and€had€never€withdrawn€theirÏdemand€for€a€trial€by€jury.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ä àAfter€hearing€the€statements€of€counsel€for€the€Plaintiff€andÏcounsel€for€John€Doe€and€TFMIC,€the€Court€overruled€the€objection€toÏthe€non„jury€proceeding€and€announced€that€the€cause€would€be€takenÏunder€advisement€and€decided€by€the€Court.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ä àHaving€considered€the€proof,€giving€due€weight€to€the€demeanorÏand€credibility€of€the€parties€and€the€witnesses,€and€the€entire€record€inÏthe€cause,€the€Court€finds€the€following:Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌÓH€ ü(€ ä ¼˜‘X€ ü(€ ä ¼è˜‘XHÓà  àà8 ä à1.à  àThe€testimony€of€Defendant€James€M.€Sloan,€who€was€not€then€andÐ p-À(0 Ðthere€an€occupant€of€Plaintiff's€insured€automobile,€is€clear€andÏconvincing€evidence€of€the€contributory€fault€of€a€John€Doe€driver€inÏthe€case€at€bar.Ð ä t"ä t" Ðà  àà8 ä à2.à  àRusty€Jolene€Beal€reported€the€automobile€accident€at€bar€to€theÐ  1p,4 Ðappropriate€law€enforcement€agency,€to„wit€the€Metropolitan€PoliceÏDepartment,€and€was€not€negligent€in€failing€to€determine€the€identityÏof€the€John€Doe€driver.Ð ä t"ä t" Ðà  àà8 ä à3.à  àTotal€compensatory€damages€awarded€to€the€Plaintiff€for€personalÐ Ð4 08 Ðinjuries€proximately€resulting€from€the€automobile€accident€at€bar€areÏ$44,750.00.Ð ä t"ä t" Ðà  àà8 ä à4.à  àThe€comparative€fault€of€all€parties€alleged€to€have€contributed€toÐ ”7ä2; Ðcausing€the€automobile€accident€at€bar€is€apportioned€as€follows:Ð ä t"ä t" ÐÐ l9¼4= Ðà  àà ä àà  àJames€M.€Sloanà ¼ à50%Ð ° Ðà  àà ä àà  àJohn€Doeà ¼ à50%Ð œì ÐÌӀӜԀ¼¬/¼XXF9ÔÌ›à  àTennessee€Farmers€filed€post„trial€motions€protesting€the€non„jury€trialÏon€a€basis€best€articulated€by€the€affidavit€of€attorney€G.€Brian€Jackson,€whichÏaccompanied€the€July€30,€1997€motion€for€a€new€trial.€€This€affidavit€provided€inÏpart:ÌÓ€Óà8  àà ä àÔ€XF9X¼¼¬/Ô2.à  àThe€complaint€€in€this€case,€which€was€filed€on€or€aroundÐ l¼  ÐDecember€20,€1994,€contained€a€jury€demand.€€On€or€around,€FebruaryÏ8,€1995,€I€filed€an€answer€on€behalf€of€Tennessee€Farmers.€€The€answerÏcontained€a€jury€demand.€€The€named€defendants,€James€Sloan€andÏWilliam€Sloan€answered€on€or€around€April€6,€1995.€€Their€answerÏcontained€a€jury€demand.€€The€case€proceeded€through€discovery€forÏmore€than€a€year€and€a€half.€€I€participated€actively€in€the€discovery,Ïattending€all€depositions€and€participating€in€written€discovery.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ä à3.à  àThe€plaintiff€filed€an€amended€complaint€on€July€29,€1996.€Ð ¸ ÐTennessee€Farmers€answered€the€amended€complaint€on€June€23,€1997.€ÏThis€answer€also€contained€a€jury€demand.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ä à4.à  àOn€or€around€November€25,€1996,€the€plaintiff€moved€to€setÐ h¸ Ðthe€case€for€trial.€€The€motion€moved€to€set€the€case€"on€the€jury€trialÏdocket...."Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ä à5.à  àAn€agreed€order€was€submitted€to€the€court€on€aroundÐ h ÐDecember€4,€1996,€setting€the€case€"for€trial€to€a€jury€on€June€25,€1997Ïat€9:00€a.m...."Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ä à6.à  àSome€settlement€negotiations€took€place€in€the€spring€of€1996.€Ð È"" ÐAlthough€I€made€an€offer€on€behalf€of€my€client,€the€parties€were€unableÏto€agree€to€resolve€the€case.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ä à7.à  àAfter€careful€consideration,€I€made€a€tactical€decision€not€toÐ x&È!& Ðparticipate€actively€in€the€trial€of€the€case.€€I€knew€the€namedÏdefendants'€attorney€to€be€capable€and€was€confident€he€would€keep€theÏplaintiff's€damages€low€enough€to€avoid€any€underinsured€motoristÏcoverage€exposure.€€Because€Tennessee€Farmers€had€a€subrogation€lienÏfor€medical€payments,€any€underinsured€exposure€would€require€aÏverdict€of€at€least€$35,000.€€I€believed€a€jury€would€be€unlikely€to€awardÏmore€than€that€amount.€€I€also€believed€that€the€jury€would€be€unlikelyÏto€assess€any€substantial€percentage€of€fault€to€"John€Doe"€if€"John€Doe"Ïwas€not€represented€at€trial.€€For€these€and€other€tactical€reasons,€IÏdetermined€not€to€participate€actively€in€the€jury€trial.€€In€underinsuredÏmotorist€cases,€it€is€relatively€common€for€counsel€to€decide€not€toÏparticipate€actively€in€trials.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ä à8.à  àOn€or€around€April€30,€1997,€I€sent€a€letter€to€the€counsel€forÐ `3°.4 Ðthe€named€defendants€informing€him€that€I€did€not€intend€to€participateÏactively€in€the€jury€trial.€€I€spoke€with€counsel€for€the€named€defendantsÏon€June€18,€1997,€again€telling€him€that€I€would€not€be€participating€inÏthe€trial€and€discussing€his€strategy€for€defending€the€case€at€the€juryÏtrial.Ð  Ð  Ð  Ð̜РÔ9$5; Лà8  àà ä à9.à  àOn€June€19,€1997,€I€spoke€to€counsel€for€the€plaintiff€andÐ ° Ðinformed€him€that€I€would€not€be€participating€actively€in€the€jury€trial.€ÏÐ  Ð  Ð  ÐÓH€ ü(€ N ¼˜‘X€ ü(€ ä ¼˜‘XHÓà8  àà N à10.à  àOn€or€around€June€23,€1997,€I€received€proposed€juryÐ tÄ Ðinstructions€from€the€named€defendants.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà N à11.à  àOn€June€24,€1997,€I€received€a€telephone€call€from€the€CourtÐ 8 ˆ Ðconcerning€scheduling€of€the€jury€trial.€€I€informed€the€Court€that€IÏwould€not€be€actively€participating€in€the€trial,€although€I€did€expect€toÏmonitor€portions€of€it.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà N à12.à  àWhen€I€left€the€office€on€the€afternoon€of€June€24,€1997,€itÐ Ô$  Ðwas€my€understanding€that€this€case€would€be€tried€to€a€jury€beginningÏon€June€25,€1997.€€At€that€time,€the€case€had€been€designated€as€a€juryÏcase€for€two€and€a€half€years.€€I€had€informed€all€parties€and€the€CourtÏthat€I€did€not€intend€to€participate€in€the€trial€of€the€case.€€At€no€pointÏhad€any€party€notified€me€of€any€intent€to€seek€a€nonjury€trial,€nor€hadÏany€party€or€the€Court€suggested€that€my€attendance€at€the€trial€wouldÏbe€necessary€in€order€to€ensure€that€the€case€proceeded€as€a€jury€trial.€ÏBefore€œ[June]›€25,€1997,€the€scheduled€jury€trial€date,€I€never€receivedÏany€notice€whatsoever€of€any€request€by€any€party€for€a€nonjury€trial.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà N à13.à  àI€had€not€been€notified€of€any€substantive€pretrial€matters€toÐ øH Ðbe€discussed€before€commencement€of€the€jury€trial.€€I€expected€thatÏvoir€dire€would€begin€at€9:00€a.m.€on€œ[June]›€25.€€Since€I€did€not€believeÏmy€presence€at€voir€dire€to€be€necessary€given€the€inactive€role€I€was€toÏplay€in€the€trial,€I€planned€to€go€by€the€Courthouse€in€the€late€morningÏof€œ[June]›€25€to€check€on€the€progress€of€the€trial.€Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà N à14.à  àOn€the€a.m.€of€œ[June]›€25,€1997,€I€left€my€home€sometimeÐ l¼ Ðbetween€8:30€and€9:00€a.m.€€I€had€to€run€an€errand€on€the€way€to€theÏoffice€and€I€arrived€at€my€office€in€downtown€Nashville€around€9:15€orÏ9:20€a.m.€€After€I€arrived,€Thomas€H.€Peebles€III€told€me€that€heÏreceived€a€call€from€the€Court€a€few€minutes€earlier€and€had€beenÏinformed€that€the€other€parties€were€attempting€to€waive€the€jury€trial.€ÏMr.€Peebles€told€me€that€he€had€told€the€Court€that€a€nonjury€trial€wouldÏnot€be€appropriate€because€Tennessee€Farmers€had€demanded€a€jury.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà N à15.à  àI€telephoned€the€Court€and€spoke€to€one€of€the€judge's€courtÐ ¸'#& Ðofficers.€€She€told€me,€"We€tried€to€call€you.€€The€case€is€being€tried."€ÏI€asked€the€court€officer€whether€the€case€was€being€heard€by€the€CourtÏor€a€jury.€€She€indicated€that€a€bench€trial€was€in€progress.€€I€told€herÏthat€Tennessee€Farmers€objected€to€such€a€proceeding,€that€a€jury€hadÏbeen€demanded,€and€that€I€would€be€at€the€courthouse€immediately.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà N à16.à  àI€spoke€to€Thomas€H.€Peebles€III€for€a€few€minutes€and€leftÐ ,.|)- Ðmy€office€and€went€to€the€Davidson€County€Courthouse€as€quickly€asÏpossible.€€By€the€time€I€cleared€security€and€actually€arrived€in€theÏcourtroom,€it€was,€to€the€best€of€my€recollection,€approximately€10:00Ïa.m.€or€shortly€after€10:00€a.m.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà N à17.à  àWhen€I€arrived€in€the€courtroom,€plaintiff's€counsel€wasÐ ´3/3 Ðconcluding€his€examination€of€the€plaintiff.€€Neither€the€namedÏdefendants€nor€their€counsel€was€present€in€the€courtroom.€€Plaintiff'sÏcounsel€briefly€examined€another€witness.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà N à18.à  àFollowing€the€plaintiff's€proof,€I€approached€the€bench€andÐ P8 38 Ðobjected€to€the€case€being€heard€as€a€nonjury€matter.€€The€CourtÏoverruled€my€objection€and€announced€that€the€case€would€be€takenÐ (:x5: Ðunder€advisement.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌÓ€ÓÔ€¼¬/¼XXF9Ôà  àœThe›€July€30,€1997€motion€for€a€new€trial€by€Tennessee€Farmers€and€JohnÐ ˆØ ÐDoe€was€overruled€by€the€trial€court€on€January€2,€1998€and€these€partiesÏappealed.ÌÌà  àOn€appeal,€Tennessee€Farmers€complains€that€having€demanded€trial€byÏa€jury€of€twelve€in€its€pleadings,€trial€by€jury€cannot€be€waived€without€its€consent.€ÏAppellant€relies€on€Tennessee€Rule€of€Civil€Procedure€38.05€providing€in€part,€"AÏdemand€for€trial€by€jury€as€herein€provided€may€not€be€withdrawn€without€theÏconsent€of€all€parties€as€to€whom€issues€have€been€œjoined."€€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€P.€38.05Ï(1997„98).›ÌÌà  àAppellant€further€relies€on€Tennessee€Rule€of€Civil€Procedure€39.01Ïproviding:ÌÓ€Óà8  àà N àWhen€trial€by€jury€has€been€demanded€as€provided€in€RuleÏ38,€the€action€shall€be€designated€upon€the€docket€as€a€juryÏaction.€€The€trial€of€all€issues€so€demanded€shall€be€by€jury,Ïunless€(a)€the€parties€or€their€attorneys€of€record,€by€writtenÏstipulation€filed€with€the€court€or€by€oral€stipulation€made€inÏopen€court€and€entered€in€the€record,€consent€to€trial€by€theÏcourt€sitting€without€a€jury€or€(b)€the€court€upon€motion€or€ofÏits€own€initiative€finds€that€a€right€of€trial€by€jury€of€some€orÏall€of€those€issues€does€not€exist€under€the€Constitution€orÏstatutes€of€the€state€of€œTennessee.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌTenn.€R.€Civ.€P.€39.01€(1997„98).›ÌÌÓ€ÓÌà  àIn€this€case,€all€parties€had€demanded€trial€by€jury.€€When€"John€DoeÏwas€made€a€defendant€by€amended€complaint€pursuant€to€T.C.A.€ðð€56„7„1201(e)ÏTennessee€Farmers€filed€an€answer€on€behalf€of€'John€Doe'€and€demanded€a€jury.ÏAfter€participating€in€discovery€Tennessee€Farmers€made€a€tactical€decision€notÏto€appear€at€trial€and€not€to€participate€in€the€trial.€€This€decision€was€predicatedÏin€part€on€T.C.A.€ðð€56„7„1206(a)€providing€in€part:€€"Such€companies€shallÏthereafter€have€the€right€to€file€pleadings€and€take€other€action€allowable€by€lawÏin€the€name€of€the€owner€and€operator€of€the€uninsured€motor€vehicle€or€in€its€ownÏname;€.€.€."ÌÐ 9P4= Ðà  àThe€basis€of€this€decision€is€best€stated€by€counsel€for€TennesseeÏFarmers€in€his€affidavit:ÌÓ€Óñ›ñœñ›ñà8  à7.à N àAfter€careful€consideration,€I€made€a€tactical€decision€notÐ à0 Ðto€participate€actively€in€the€trial€of€the€case.€€I€knew€theÏnamed€defendants'€attorney€to€be€capable€and€was€confidentÏhe€would€keep€the€plaintiff's€damages€low€enough€to€avoidÏany€underinsured€motorist€coverage€exposure.€€BecauseÏTennessee€Farmers€had€a€subrogation€lien€for€medicalÏpayments,€any€underinsured€exposure€would€require€a€verdictÏof€at€least€$35,000.€€I€believed€a€jury€would€be€unlikely€toÏaward€more€than€that€amount.€€I€also€believed€that€the€juryÏwould€be€unlikely€to€assess€any€substantial€percentage€of€faultÏto€"John€Doe"€if€"John€Doe"€was€not€represented€at€trial.€€ForÏthese€and€other€tactical€reasons,€I€determined€not€to€participateÏactively€in€the€jury€trial.€€In€underinsured€motorist€cases,€it€isÏrelatively€common€for€counsel€to€decide€not€to€participateÏactively€in€trials.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌÓ€ÓÌà  àThe€dilemma€confronting€counsel€for€Tennessee€Farmers€in€this€case€isÏobvious.€€Prior€to€œChapter›€313€of€the€Public€Acts€of€1989,€now€codified€asÏTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€56„7„1201(e),€there€was€no€uninsured€motoristÏcoverage€in€the€absence€of€physical€vehicle€contact.€€The€effect€of€the€1989€act€isÏstated€by€the€Supreme€Court:ÌÓ€Óà8  à.€.€.€Prior€to€the€1989€amendment€to€Tenn.Code€Ann.€ðð€56„7„¼1201,€there€could€be€no€recovery€unless€there€was€actualÏphysical€contact€between€the€uninsured€motorist's€vehicle€andÏthe€insured's€vehicle.€€òòSee€e.g.,€Hoyle€v.€Carrollóó,€646€œS.W.2ñ›ñ›ñ›ñd›Ð  %ð # Ð161€(Tenn.1983).€€The€requirement€of€physical€contact€withÏthe€vehicle€operated€by€the€unknown€motorist€prohibitedÏrecovery€in€cases€where€the€unknown€motorist€caused€theÏaccident€but€there€was€no€physical€contact€between€theÏvehicles.€€Subsection€(e)(1)(B),€enacted€in€1989,€allowsÏrecovery€in€cases€where,€for€example,€the€insured€is€forced€offÏthe€road€by€an€unknown€motorist€without€physically€strikingÏthe€insured's€vehicle.€€The€high€standard€of€proof€required€byÏthe€amendment,€clear€and€convincing€evidence€produced€byÏwitnesses€other€than€the€occupants,€obviously€was€intended€byÏthe€legislature€as€a€safeguard€against€bogus€claims€arisingÏfrom€one„vehicle€accidents.€€òòCf.€id.€óóat€162.Ð`2°-/ Ð  Ð  ÐÌò òòòFruge€v.€Doeó óóó,€952€œS.W.2ñ›ñ›ñ›ññ’ñdñ’ñ›€408,€411€(Tenn.€1997).Ð €4Ð/1 ÐÌÓ€ÓÌà  àòòò ò€óóó óCounsel€for€Tennessee€Farmers€would€be€representing€an€"empty€chair"Ð :8Š35 Ðin€front€of€they€jury.€€The€fear,€real€or€imagined,€is€that€the€presence€of€counselÐ Õ9%57 Ðdefending€the€empty€chair€will€suggest€to€the€jury€the€existence€of€liabilityÏinsurance.€€It€is€also€correct€to€say€that€counsel€representing€Sloan€would€attemptÏto€keep€the€damages€of€the€plaintiff€as€low€as€possible.ÌÌà  àThe€other€horn€of€Tennessee€Farmers'€dilemma€under€this€post€1989Ï"John€Doe"€case€is€that€the€interest€of€counsel€for€Sloan€and€Tennessee€FarmersÏis€far€from€identical.€€It€is€Sloan€who€first€asserted€the€existence€of€John€Doe€andÏunder€comparative€fault€principles€sought€a€companion€to€share€the€misery.€ÏPlaintiff€then€amended€his€complaint€to€join€"John€Doe"€with€all€parties€fullyÏaware€that€in€order€to€prevail€against€John€Doe,€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÏsection€56„7„1201,€subsequent€to€1989,€required:€€"(B)€€The€existence€of€suchÏunknown€motorist€is€established€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence,€other€than€anyÏevidence€provided€by€occupants€in€the€insured€vehicle."ÌÌà  àThus,€it€is€evident€long€before€the€actual€trial,€that€it€is€in€the€interest€ofÏthe€plaintiff€to€prove€the€existence€of€"John€Doe"€œand,€even€more€importantly,€itÏis€also€very€much€in€the€interest€of€the€defendant€Sloan€to€prove€both€the€existenceÏof€"John€Doe"€and€the€highest€possible€comparative€fault€of€"John€Doe".ÌÌà  àFaced€with€these€circumstances,€counsel€for€Tennessee€Farmers€madeÏhis€tactical€decision€not€only€to€not€participate€in€the€trial€of€the€case€but€also€notÏto€appear€even€as€an€observer.€€Thus,€Tennessee€Farmers€deferred€all€trialÏdecisions€to€counsel€representing€the€defendants€Sloan.ÌÌà  àThe€right€to€trial€by€jury€is€constitutional€and€jealously€guarded€by€theÏcourts€of€Tennessee.€€ò òòòShook€&€Fletcher€Supply€Co.€v.€Nashvilleó óóó,€47€Tenn.€App.Ð ˆ,Ø'2 Ð339,€338€S.W.2d€237€(1960).ÌÌà  àIt€is€likewise€well€settled€in€Tennessee€that€a€party€may€either€directlyÏor€by€implication€waive€this€constitutional€right€to€trial€by€jury.€€ò òòòRussell€v.Ð ë2;.: ÐHackettó óóó,€190€Tenn.€381,€230€S.W.2d€191€(1950);€ò òòòDavis€v.€Ballardó óóó,€946€S.W.2ñ“ñDñ“ññ”ñdñ”ñÐ †4Ö/< Ð816€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1996).ÌÌÐ Q9¡4B Ðà  àThere€is€a€marked€division€of€authority€among€the€federal€courts€andÏamong€sister€jurisdictions€bound€by€that€which€is€equivalent€to€Rules€38€and€39Ïof€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Civil€Procedure.€€The€discussion€in€ò òòòHall€v.Ð à0 ÐMorozewychó óóó,€686€P.2d€708€(Alaska,€1984)€is€enlightening.Ð { Ë ÐÓ€Óà8  àÔ€XF9X¼¼¬/Ôà N àOur€Civil€Rules€38(d)€and€39(a)€are€functionally€identical€to€theirÐ  f Ðfederal€counterparts.€€Generally,€if€a€defendant€in€federal€court€defaultsÏafter€having€properly€demanded€a€jury€trial,€he€may€insist€on€a€jury€trialÏas€to€damage€issues.€€Federal€cases€split€on€whether€a€party'sÏnonappearance€is€tantamount€to€a€waiver€of€jury€trial€on€liability.€ÏProfessors€Wright€and€Miller€take€the€position€that€"[f]ailure€to€appear,Ïin€person€or€by€counsel,€at€the€trial€should€be€considered€a€waiver€ofÏjury€trial".€€State€case€law€demonstrates€that€the€provisions€of€applicableÏstatutes€or€rules€control€resolution€of€the€jury€trial€waiver€issue.€€StateÏcourts€which€have€had€occasion€to€apply€statutes€or€rules€similar€toÏAlaska€Civil€Rules€38(d)€and€39(a)€(i.e.:€where€express€consent€isÏrequired€for€a€waiver€of€a€previously€demanded€jury€trial)€generallyÏrefuse€to€treat€non„appearance€as€a€waiver.€€Typical€of€such€decisionsÏis€Loiselle€v.€Gladfelter,€160€So.2d€740€(Fla.App.),€aff'd,€165€So.2d€767Ï(Fla.1964).€€In€that€case,€the€Florida€Court€of€Appeals€recognized€theÏ"divergent€views€of€our€sister€states€based€upon€their€particular€statutesÏor€rules€of€procedure,"€and€also€acknowledged€the€split€in€federalÏauthority.€€160€So.2d€at€742.€€Interpreting€a€rule€of€civil€procedure€thatÏrequired€"the€consent€of€the€parties"€before€a€demand€for€jury€trial€couldÏbe€withdrawn,€the€court€concluded€that€"waiver€by€implication€in€theseÏcircumstances€must€be€more€than€a€mere€failure€to€appear€and€contestÏthe€issues€of€the€case."€€Id.€Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌÓH€ ü(€ N ‡˜‘X€ ü(€ N ¼˜‘XHÓà8  àà N àGiven€the€provisions€of€Civil€Rules€38(d)€and€29(a),€and€our€rulingÏin€Hill€v.€Vetter,€525€P.2d€529€(Alaska€1974),€we€hold€that€the€superiorÏcourt€erred€in€trying€this€case€without€a€jury.€€The€judgment€against€HallÏis€set€aside€and€the€matter€remanded€to€the€superior€court€for€a€jury€trialÏon€the€issues€of€liability€and€damages.€€Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌÔ€¼¬/¼XXF9Ô686€P.2d€708,€711„712€footnotes€omitted.Ð Ò%"!% ÐÌÌÓ€Ó›à  àWhatever€may€be€the€restrictions€on€implied€waiver€in€federal€courts€andÏin€other€state€jurisdictions,€it€is€clear€that€Tennessee€still€follows€ò òòòRussell€v.Ð š*ê%* ÐHackettó óóó,€œ190€Tenn.€381,€230›€œS.W.2ñ•ñDñ•ññ›ñ›ñ›ññ–ñdñ–ñ›€191€(1950).€ò òòò€Davis€v.€Ballardóóó ó€is€a€1996Ð 5,…', Ðdecision€of€the€Western€Section€of€the€Court€of€Appeals€with€application€forÏpermission€to€appeal€having€been€denied€by€the€Supreme€Court€on€April€7,€1997.€ÏIn€this€case,€both€Davis€and€Ballard€had€demanded€a€jury€in€their€pleadings.€ÏBallard€failed€to€appear€at€trial€and€Davis€waived€his€right€to€trial€by€jury€andÏproceeded€with€a€bench€trial.€€Ballard€appealed.€€Said€the€Court€of€Appeals:ÌÓ€Óà8  àÔ€XF9X¼¼¬/Ôà N à[1]€Ballard€argues€that€he€never€agreed€or€consented€to€the€caseÐ È518 Ðproceeding€to€trial€without€a€jury,€and€that€he€did€not€waive€his€right€toÏhave€his€case€heard€and€decided€by€a€jury.€€Although€the€waiver€of€aÏjury€demand€requires€the€consent€of€all€parties,€that€waiver€may€beÏeither€express€or€implied.€€òòRussell€v.€Hackettóó,€190€Tenn.€381,€230Ð x9È4< МS.W.2ñ—ñDñ—ññ˜ñ›ñ˜ññ˜ñdñ˜ñ›€191,€192€(1950).€€In€òòRussellóó,€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€heldÐ ° Ðthat€a€co„defendant€who€did€not€appear€at€trial€waived€his€right€to€a€juryÏtrial€by€implication.€€òòId.óó€€The€Supreme€Court€said,€"Taylor€(the€co„Ð ˆØ Ðdefendant)€having€been€properly€brought€before€the€trial€court€byÏservice€of€process,€did€not€appear€and€defend€the€suit.€€Therefore,€hisÏconsent€to€the€waiving€of€the€jury€was€implied."€€òòId.óó€€In€that€case,€theÐ L œ Ðplaintiff€originally€demanded€a€jury€but€waived€that€demand€after€theÏco„defendant€failed€to€appear.€€The€trial€was€conducted€in€his€absence,Ïand€the€judgment€for€unliquidated€damages€awarded€by€the€trial€courtÏsitting€without€a€jury€was€upheld.€€òòId.óóÐü L  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà N à[2]à  àThe€law€in€1950€required€that€both€parties€consent€beforeÐ Ô$  Ðdemand€for€jury€could€be€waived.€€The€Supreme€Court€held€that€theÏfailure€to€appear€is€an€implied€consent€to€the€waiver€of€jury€trial.€€òòId.óó€Ð ¬ü  ÐOur€present€law€requiring€all€parties€to€consent€to€waiver€of€a€previousÏjury€demand,€Tenn.R.Civ.P.€38.05,€is€the€same€that€existed€when€theÏSupreme€Court€decided€òòRussellóó.€€Therefore,€we€must€follow€theÐ pÀ ÐSupreme€Court's€ruling€in€òòRussellóó.€€In€the€instant€case,€Ballard€did€notÐ \¬ Ðappear€at€trial,€"[t]herefore,€his€consent€to€the€waiving€of€the€jury€wasÏimplied."€€òòId.óóÐ4„ Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà N à[3]à  àBallard€also€argues€that€there€can€be€no€implied€waiverÐ  \ Ðbecause€of€the€circumstances€of€this€case.€€Ballard's€counsel€claims€thatÏhe€extended€Davis's€counsel€common€courtesy€by€allowing€him€toÏcontinue€the€trial€when€it€was€first€scheduled.€€When€the€case€was€calledÏthe€second€time,€Davis€proceeded€without€Ballard.€€Ballard€asserts€thatÏDavis's€counsel€should€have€returned€the€favor.€€Davis's€attorney€arguedÏthat€Ballard€had€procrastinated€and€delayed€the€trial,€and€that€he€felt€itÏwas€time€to€zealously€represent€his€client.€€While€we€believe€thatÏprofessional€courtesy€should€be€the€norm€of€our€profession,€there€isÏnothing€legally€wrong€with€the€actions€of€Davis's€counsel.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà N àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed,€and€theÏcase€is€remanded€for€such€further€proceedings€as€are€necessary.€€CostsÏof€the€appeal€are€assessed€against€the€appellant.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌò òòòÔ€¼¬/¼XXF9ÔDavis€v.€Ballardó óóó,€946€œS.W.2ñ™ñDñ™ññ›ñ›ñ›ññšñdñšñ›€816,€817€(Tenn.€App.€1996).Ð à%0!$ ÐÌÓ€ÓÌà  àIn€this€case€Tennessee€Farmers€made€a€tactical€decision€not€only€toÏforego€any€actual€participation€in€the€trial€but,€in€effect,€to€abdicate€all€defenseÏresponsibility€to€counsel€representing€Sloan.€€In€its€brief€counsel€poses€anÏhypothesis:ÌÓ€Óà8  à.€.€.€For€economic€and€strategic€reasons,€uninsured€motoristÏcarriers€often€elect€not€to€participate€directly€in€trials.€€ForÏexample,€consider€the€following€hypothetical€situation:€€aÏplaintiff€in€an€automobile€accident€case€alleges€$3,000€inÏmedical€expenses€and€prays€for€$100,000€in€damages.€€SheÏcarries€$100,000€in€uninsured/underinsured€motoristÏinsurance.€€She€sues€the€driver€of€the€other€vehicle€involvedÏin€the€accident€and€serves€her€own€uninsured€motorist€carrierÏwith€the€complaint.€€The€named€defendant€driver€has€minimalÏ$25,000€limits€and€is€defended€by€able€counsel.€€Under€thisÐ Š9Ú49 Ðscenario,€the€uninsured€motorist€carrier€theoretically€isÏexposed€to€a€potential€$75,000€in€damages€(the€differenceÏbetween€the€named€defendant's€liability€limits€and€theÏplaintiff's€underinsured€limits).€€However,€the€carrier€mayÏdetermine€that€it€is€highly€unlikely€that€the€plaintiff€willÏrecover€more€than€$25,000€for€a€claim€based€on€$3,000€inÏmedical€expenses.€€The€carrier€may€further€decide€that€addingÏanother€lawyer€to€the€defense€team€will€simply€increase€theÏlikelihood€that€the€jury€will€divine€the€existence€of€substantialÏinsurance€and€increase€the€plaintiff's€award€accordingly.€ÏFinally,€the€carrier€would€be€required€to€incur€a€significantÏexpense€if€its€counsel€participated€in€the€trial,€expense€thatÏmight€not€be€worth€the€slight€risk€of€loss€and€might€actuallyÏbe€harmful.€€Therefore,€the€UM€carrier€in€such€a€case€mightÏappropriately€decide€to€monitor€the€case€but€to€take€no€activeÏrole€in€the€trial.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌà8  àà N àThis€hypothetical€scenario€is€extremely€common.€€In€eachÏUM€case,€the€UM€carrier€must€determine€the€level€ofÏparticipation€appropriate€for€the€particular€case€and€the€risksÏinvolved.€€Often€the€carrier's€counsel€will€attend€depositionsÏand€selected€portions€of€the€trial€but€will€not€sit€at€counselÏtable€or€otherwise€taken€an€active€role€before€the€jury.Ð  Ð  Ð  ÐÌÓ€ÓÌà  àThis€hypothesis€assumes€correctly€that€the€interest€of€counselÏrepresenting€the€defendant€driver€on€behalf€of€his€own€liability€carrier€has€theÏsame€interests€in€the€case€as€the€non„participating,€underinsured€carrier.€€TheÏhypothetical€is€meaningless€when€applied€to€counsel€for€the€defendants€SloanÏwhose€œinterest›€parallels€the€uninsured€motorist€carrier€interest€only€to€the€extentÏthat€both€would€seek€to€hold€the€plaintiff's€damages€to€a€minimum.€€Counsel€forÏthe€underinsured€Sloan€€has€a€vital€interest€in€transferring€comparative€fault€toÏ"John€Doe",€an€œinterest€inimical›€to€the€interest€of€Tennessee€Farmers€representingÏJohn€Doe.€€The€first€and€foremost€duty€of€counsel€for€Sloan€was€to€take€care€of€theÏinterest€of€Sloan.€€This€he€did€by€waiving€his€demand€for€trial€by€jury€and€settlingÏwith€the€plaintiff.€€These€actions€left€unchallenged€the€testimony€of€defendantÏJames€M.€Sloan€that€provided€the€basis€for€the€trial€court€finding€comparative€faultÏof€John€Doe.€€The€court€specifically€found:€€"1.€€The€testimony€of€defendant€JamesÏM.€Sloan,€who€was€not€then€and€there€an€occupant€of€plaintiff's€insuredÏautomobile,€is€clear€and€convincing€evidence€of€the€contributory€fault€of€a€JohnÏDoe€driver€in€the€case€at€bar."€€ÌÐ H9˜4: Ðà  àThe€record€does€not€disclose€any€agreement€among€counsel€not€toÏwithdraw€their€respective€jury€demands.€€ÌÌà  àThe€tactical€decision€not€to€participate€in€the€trial€by€Tennessee€FarmersÏand€not€to€monitor€the€case€when€the€trial€began€effectively€left€counsel€forÏplaintiff€and€counsel€for€defendants€Sloan€to€their€own€œdevices›€and€the€appearanceÏof€counsel€for€Tennessee€Farmers€after€the€jury€had€been€waived€by€all€counselÏelecting€to€participate€in€the€trial€comes€too€late.€€The€reasoning€of€ò òòòRussell€v.Ð Ø(  ÐHackett€ó óóóand€ò òòòDavis€v.€Ballardó óóó€is€persuasive€under€the€facts€of€this€case.Ð sà  ÐÌà  àTennessee€Farmers€also€objects€to€the€action€of€the€trial€court€inÏassessing€discretionary€costs€against€Tennessee€Farmers.€€This€is€a€matter€in€theÏsound€discretion€of€the€trial€judge€and€this€court€sees€no€abuse€of€discretion.€Ïò òòòPerdue€v.€Green€Branch€Mining€Co.ó óóó,€837€S.W.2d€56€(Tenn.€1992).Ð n¾ ÐÌà  àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€in€all€respects€œaffirmed,€and€the€caseÏis€remanded€for€such€further€proceedings€as€are€necessary.€€Costs€are€assessed€toÏappellants.ÌÓ€ÓÓK"€ ü(€ N ‡ðX€ ü(€ N ‡˜‘XKÓÌÌ›€à  àà N àà  àà ‡ àà  àà ð àà H! àà  # àÐ ‰#Ù& Ðà  àà N àà  àà ‡ àà  à_______________________________¼à  àà N àà  àà ‡ àà  àÔ€XF9X¼¼¬/ÔWILLIAM€B.€CAIN,€JUDGEÐ ©%ù ( МÌÌÌCONCUR:›ÌœÌ›Ì_________________________________________ÌBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€PRESIDING€JUDGE,€M.S.€ÌœÌ›Ì_________________________________________ÌWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGE€€€à  àœÐ ¹0 ,4 ÐÌÌÌ›