WPCE VedD)JGk VDQ}&>.ZU X3݅ u 9g#\~K̏/oCLIoDvƫib{@ 随vn|a2@7{sYW@Q%c-R,^(d;q Q7 FAv 4/K?ZF- [)Iy4*8#& c [HKd9= 3, :sRm5-%l a..#ƴc'N;>ERXдPN4a\masb<14o*Mht}X8:WX |9;7q-qqS Am3H\sq._WKsf\>Th/V`}%.y!0=4^PpFg5}:Hh>o p WPQ$k# % ^ 0 UN5 w 4 z    m D S kN] 0D_kE 0U 0e 0H 0  0 0 08 0 0 0- 0 0 0v 0# 0 0k! 0" 0" 0(# 0# 0$ 0h% 0&b& 0& 0\' 0' 0( 0)) 0) 0* 0>>+ 0|+ 0t, 0V- 08. 0/ 0/ 00 01 02j2 02 0:3 0Y3 0_+4 0 4 05 07 B*9 D/F9 0u9 D/{; 0; 06x< 0< 0:= 0^= 0<N> 0> 1eu? 0N?U6(@ B^@U>{@ 0@ D3]A D-A 0KAU*B AS2BB 0KC 0DC A3D3D 0cDDDDDD 1uAE 72EHP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6,,,,0yP-s (`$.8dd8    ("  Z6Times New Roman Regular,- C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xU KustomKolorsBernsteinsMRFulbrightAndertonCrainBurlewBerlewIngram COACrabtreeLoriaIsbellWattersobligorspousalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5  R"^$      1    _Thetrialcourtsoverallreactiontothepartiestestimonyisreflectedinthefollowingexchangebetweenthe 8 courtandMr.BernsteinduringhistestimonyregardingtheoperationofKustomKolors:  0  THECOURT:0 (#(#0 (# (#Yourtestimonyalmostinsultseverybodysintelligenceinthiscourtroom.You L know,youremakingyourselflooklikeacompleteidiot.H(#(#   MR.BERNSTEIN:0  Iamanidiot. (#(#   THECOURT:0 0 (# (#Youarenotanidiot.Youresmart.Youaresmartasafox.(#(#   MR.BERNSTEIN:0  Imanidiotforstayingmarriedtoherallthoseyearsaftercatchingherallthetimes. \(#(#   THECOURT:0 0 (# (#Wearenotquestioningthat.Theproblemisthatyougivestatementsthatare X  contrarytoyourlasttestimony.Yougivestatementsthatdontmakesense....(#$  0   a R"^$      2    _ThetrialcourtdirectedMr.BernsteintopayMs.Bernstein$150permonthforfortythreemonthstoretire 8 thisobligation.Mr.Bernsteindoesnotcontestthedivisionofthemaritalestateonthisappeal.*+ (_2623  ..*G+G (_25   /%` ` hp x /23  ../%` ` hp x /   *8+8 (_24  ," hp x ,23  ..," hp x ,  *5+5 (_23 ` ) hp x )23  ..) hp x ) ` *2+2 (_22  &hhp x &23  ..&hhp x &  */+/ (_21  #p x #23  ..#p x #  *,+, (_20 h  p x 23  .. p x h *)+) (_19  pp x 23  ..pp x   *&+& (_18   x 23  .. x   *AA (_17  5+ ` hp x 523  Ԁ5+ ` hp x 5  *GG (_16   /%` ` hp x /23  Ԁ/%` ` hp x /   *88 (_15  ," hp x ,23  Ԁ," hp x ,  *55 (_14 ` ) hp x )23  Ԁ) hp x ) ` *22 (_13  &hhp x &23  Ԁ&hhp x &  *// (_12  #p x #23  Ԁ#p x #  *,, (_11 h  p x 23  Ԁ p x h *)) (_10  pp x 23  Ԁpp x   (&& &_9   x 23  Ԁ x   (AA &_8  5+ ` hp x 523  5+ ` hp x 5  (GG &_7   /%` ` hp x /23  /%` ` hp x /   (88 &_6  ," hp x ,23  ," hp x ,  (55 &_5 ` ) hp x )23  ) hp x ) ` (22 &_4  &hhp x &23  &hhp x &  - -(// &_3  #p x #23  #p x #  (,, &_2 h  p x 23   p x h ()) &_1  pp x 23  pp x   &&& $_   x 23   x   0AA.Normal  5+ ` hp x 55+ ` hp x 5  <AA:Definition T  5+ ` hp x 55+ ` hp x 5  <AA:Definition L , 5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 586Definition(hh&H1  5+ ` hp x 5      5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H2  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H3  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H4  5+ ` hp x 5 XXX 5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H5  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H6  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  2DD0Address  5+ ` hp x 55+ ` hp x 5  8MM6Blockquote , , 5+ ` hp x 5   5+ ` hp x 5,*CITE,dl*CODEKU<6X9`(Courier NewKSW\  `&Times New RomanS42Emphasis64Hyperlink    <:FollowedHype    4go2Keyboard KU<6X9`(Courier NewKSW\  `&Times New RomanS <:Preformatted  /%  ,Kk %#/KU<6X9`(Courier NewKSW\  `&Times New RomanS/%  ,Kk %#/  <:zBottom of 7I(X7    5+ ` hp x 5?\%2A`Arial?  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SamE.Wallace,Jr.,Nashville,Tennessee,fortheappellant,BarryDuaneBernstein.  D.ScottParsley,Nashville,Tennessee,fortheappellee,DebraDarleneBillBernstein.     @@55' OPINION  "`"  I. p$8 $     BarryBernsteinandDebraBernsteinweremarriedinFranklin,KentucyinFebruary1982. H&"& Mr.Bernsteinwasthirtysixyearsold,andMs.Bernsteinwastwentysix.Bothofthemhadbeen 4'"' marriedbefore,andMs.Bernsteinhadtwochildrenbyherfirstmarriagewholivedprimarilywith  (#( hermother.Mr.Bernsteinwasemployedrefinishingmotorvehicles.Ms.Bernsteinhadaninth  )$) gradeeducationandapparentlydidnotworkduringthemarriage. )%*   In1993Mr.BernsteinopenedKustomKolorsofNashville,Inc.,apaintandbodyshop +', locatedinanindustrialareaofNashvillecalledBlackBottom.Hewasthecompanysprincipal ,(- employee,althoughhehadanotherparttimeworkerwhowaspaidoncommission.Ms.Bernstein -p). claimsthatshealsoworkedinthebusinessdespiteaseriousbackinjurysustainedin1991.The .\*/ _Bernsteins,alongwithninedogs,livedaSpartanlifeinasmallefficiencyapartmentattachedtothe 8 bodyshop. $   Animosity,violence,andinfidelityeventuallyerodedtheBernsteinsrelationship.They  separatedinMarch2000whenMr.BernsteintoldMs.Bernsteinto takewhatshewantedand  leave.Ms.Bernsteinleft,takingwithhermostofthepartiespersonalpossessionsandtherestored  1985Corvetteshehadbeendriving.InApril2000,Mr.BernsteinfiledacomplaintintheCircuit   CourtforDavidsonCountyseekingadivorceonthegroundsofirreconcilabledifferencesand  t inappropriatemaritalconduct.Twomonthslater,Ms.Bernsteinrespondedbyadmitting  ` irreconcilabledifferencesandcounterclaimingfordivorceonthesamegroundsallegedbyMr.  L  Bernstein. p 8    DuringthebenchtrialonMay29,2001 , thetrialcourtcharacterizedthetestimonyofboth H  Mr.BernsteinandMs.Bernsteinas bizarreandexpresslydeterminedthattheiraccountsofthe 8  maritalrelationship,theirrespectivesexualexploits,andthedetailsofMr.Bernsteinsbusinesswere $  notcredible. #  1      ׀Attheconclusionofthehearing,thetrialcourtdeclaredthepartiesdivorcedpursuant   toTenn.CodeAnn.364129(b)(2001).ThecourtawardedMr.Bernsteinthebusiness,hishand  tools,andaframemachinebutdirectedhimtopayMs.Bernsteinonehalfofthenetvalueofthe  tools($6,500)aspartofthedivisionofproperty.8  #  2      ׀ThetrialcourtalsoawardedMs.Bernsteinthe  1985Corvetteaswellasthepersonalpropertyshehadtakenfromthelivingquarterswhenthe  partiesseparated.Finally,thetrialcourtdirectedMr.BernsteintopayMs.Bernstein$350permonth t inlongtermspousalsupportuntilherdeathorremarriage. ` @) II.  p8 @2 2  TheRespectiveFaultoftheParties  \$   Withoutcitationtoauthority,Mr.Bernsteinappearstotakeissuewiththetrialcourts 4 decisiontodeclarethepartiesdivorcedratherthantogranthimadivorceonfaultgrounds.Tenn.   CodeAnn.364129(b)(2001)nowpermitstrialcourtstodeclarepartiesdivorcedwithout   assigningfaulttoeitherpartyif eitherorbothpartiesareentitledtoadivorce.Fulbrightv.  Fulbright,64S.W.3d359,364(Tenn.Ct.App.2001).Inthiscase,bothpartiesassertedthatthey  wereentitledtoanirreconcilabledifferencesdivorce.Basedonthisassertion,thetrialcourtdidnot   errbydeclaringthemtobedivorcedwithoutassigningfault. !  Ї@^^( III.  8 @ TheSpousalSupportAward $    Mr.Bernsteinschiefcomplaintonthisappealisthatthetrialcourterredbyorderinghim  topayMs.Bernstein$350permonthinlongtermspousalsupport.Heassertsthatheiscurrently  earningonly$450permonthand,therefore,isunabletopaythismuchsupport.Thisargument  overlooksasalientlegalprinciple!apersonsobligationtopayspousalsupportrestsonhisorher   capacitytoearnincome,notjustonhisorheractualincome.  t @) A.   L  #@mXX#XX@m  Therearenohardandfastrulesforspousalsupportdecisions.Andertonv.Anderton,988 \$  S.W.2d675,682(Tenn.Ct.App.1998);Crainv.Crain,925S.W.2d232,233(Tenn.Ct.App. H  1996);Stonev.Stone,56Tenn.App.607,61516,409S.W.2d388,39293(1966).Trialcourts 4  havebroaddiscretiontodeterminewhetherspousalsupportisneededand,ifso,itsnature,amount,    andduration.Burlewv.Burlew,40S.W.3d465,470(Tenn.2001);Goodmanv.Goodman,8    S.W.3d289,293(Tenn.Ct.App.1999).Appellatecourtsaregenerallydisinclinedtosecondguess  atrialcourt'sspousalsupportdecisionunlessitisnotsupportedbytheevidenceoriscontrarytothe  publicpoliciesreflectedintheapplicablestatutes.Brownv.Brown,913S.W.2d163,169(Tenn.  Ct.App.1994);Ingramv.Ingram,721S.W.2d262,264(Tenn.Ct.App.1986).Ourroleisnotto  finetuneatrialcourtsspousalsupportaward,Hartmanv.Hartman,No.E20001927COAR3CV, p 2001WL823188,at*7(Tenn.Ct.App.July20,2001)(NoTenn.R.App.P.11applicationfiled), \ butrathertodeterminewhetherthetrialcourtappliedthecorrectlegalstandardandreacheda H decisionthatisnotclearlyunreasonable.Boganv.Bogan,60S.W.3d721,733(Tenn.2001). l4   Tenn.CodeAnn.365101(d)(1)(2001)reflectsapreferencefortemporary,rehabilitative D  spousalsupport,asopposedtolongtermsupport.Crabtreev.Crabtree,16S.W.3d356,358(Tenn. 0 2000);Goodmanv.Goodman,8S.W.3dat293.Rehabilitativesupportisintendedtoenablean  economicallydisadvantagedspousetoacquireadditionaleducationortrainingortoprovidethat  spousewithtemporaryincomeduringthepostdivorceeconomicadjustment.Robertsonv.  Robertson,76S.W.3d337,34041(Tenn.2002);Smithv.Smith,912S.W.2d155,160(Tenn.Ct.  App.1995).Ontheotherhand,thepurposeoflongtermspousalsupportistoprovidesupportto   adisadvantagedspousewhoisunabletoachievesomedegreeofselfsufficiency.Loriav.Loria, !  952S.W.2d836,838(Tenn.Ct.App.1997).Thestatutorypreferenceforrehabilitativesupportdoes "l! notentirelydisplaceotherformsofspousalsupportwhenthefactswarrantlongtermormoreopen #X" endedsupport.Aaronv.Aaron,909S.W.2d408,410(Tenn.1995);Isbellv.Isbell,816S.W.2d735, |$D # 739(Tenn.1991). h%0!$   Initialdecisionsregardingtheentitlementtospousalsupport,aswellastheamountand @'#& durationofspousalsupport,hingeontheuniquefactsofeachcaseandrequireacarefulbalancing ,(#' ofallrelevantfactors,includingthefactorsidentifiedinTenn.CodeAnn.365101(d)(1)(2001). )$( Robertsonv.Robertson,76S.W.3dat338;Wattersv.Watters,22S.W.3d817,821(Tenn.Ct.App. *%) 1999).Amongthesefactors,thetwoconsideredmostimportantarethedisadvantagedspouse'sneed *&* andtheobligorspouse'sabilitytopay.Robertsonv.Robertson,76S.W.3dat342;Boganv.Bogan, +'+ 60S.W.3dat730;Manisv.Manis,49S.W.3d295,304(Tenn.Ct.App.2001).Ofthesetwofactors, ,(, thedisadvantagedspouse'sneedisthethresholdconsideration.Aaronv.Aaron,909S.W.2dat410; 8 ЀWattersv.Watters,22S.W.3dat821. $ @) B.     Ms.Bernsteinhasunquestionablydemonstratedthatsheiseconomicallydisadvantaged  comparedtoMr.Bernsteinandthatsheneedslongtermspousalsupport.Sheisa47yearold   womanwithaninthgradeeducation.Whilesheobtainedtrainingasacertifiednursetechnician  t afterthepartiesseparation,shetestifiedthatshewasabletoworkonlyparttimebecauseofthe  ` backinjuryshesustainedin1991andlungdisease.Herphysicallimitationspreventherfrom  L  earningmorethan$700permonth. p 8    Mr.Bernsteinsabilitytopaylongtermspousalsupportisnotmeasuredbyhisactualincome H  atthetimeoftrialbutratherbyhisearningcapacity.Tenn.CodeAnn.365101(d)(1)(A);Storey 4  v.Storey,835S.W.2d593,59697(Tenn.Ct.App.1992);seealsoBoganv.Bogan,60S.W.3dat    735(Holder,J.,dissenting).Despitehisboastthatheisan expert#@mXX@#XX@minautomobilerefinishing,he    testifiedthathewascurrentlyearningonly$450permonthathispaintandbodyshop.Thetrial  court,however,wasnotrequiredtobaseitslongtermspousalsupportawardonthisincomefigure  fortworeasons.First,Mr.Bernsteinstestimonyregardinghisincomewassoevasiveand  unbelievablethatthetrialcourthadgoodcausetodisregardit.Second,Mr.Bernsteinstatedthathe  wasplanningtoclosehisbusinessandgotoworkforsomebodyelseandthathecouldearn$500 p to$600perweekifhedidso. \   InlightofMr.Bernsteinsselfconfessedabilitytoearnmorethan$31,000peryear l4 refinishingautomobiles,wehavenobasisforconcludingthatthetrialcourtsdecisiontocalculate X  hisspousalsupportobligationonanannualincomeof$31,000ratherthan$5,400isclearly D  unreasonable.Likewise,afterconsideringalltheotherrelevantfactorsinTenn.CodeAnn.365 0 101(d)(1),wehavedeterminedthatthetrialcourtdidnoterrbyorderingMr.BernsteintopayMs.  Bernstein$350permonthinlongtermspousalsupport.  @dd) IV.     Weaffirmthejudgmentandremandthecasetothetrialcourtforwhateverfurther !  proceedingsmayberequired.WetaxthecostsofthisappealtoBarryDuaneBernsteinandhis "l! suretyforwhichexecution,ifnecessary,mayissue. #X" #@mXX3#XX@m0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#_____________________________@'#&(#(#    `     h     WILLIAMC.KOCH,JR.,JUDGE#@mXX:#