ÿWPCÄ ºF Ç(½­5êc†7t Lu¦Çâq2ì9;}‡N¿cìÊÆØr6а\^ðÜüX¤9äZ_ÙxAØhA 5ŒŸª»Ã2QOWð¾†J±f…pÒüõòßè–j)ßð»‘þœ r¸ÀΉõ"†ÇÜÓD¹ßÓ@ú1tq•hƒðá™pòl,ìñ×ǹußaú9Ì-Š)Ô'ê@¬÷w÷`Zx7HÊÁ[ó=MQü8 iÝ¡gÔwž†‚3g±?±öЂñ\>/J-Óßß áœ|̇oöKÞ+{Q ô•O$Q+‚ ¯ˆHÔêÇÎ=‚+Ño ŒšDú0RYÙ©>ÑåG"tÕ£ p:Pgµ(k{·_WßÜýí|"ùñw-‡µ…WL˜O³¸œs”•>ä Ä›(å3Ϙß(}ƒ¯Wo* ©¡ÖtaUÛè¶ûOìò0~Å3r9¶„fe¦™÷A²™bÔ®…cLD;½°Índ3u?ÜÖqÿð‰Ì†J'F A9b†1ŸC„uu—,ƺ0ÀèPææ´'°´iFb%žÆO6ј84„(I¼We3Ê•® ,7ÀÛ¸?Á†Go2»nLMÓÇBÐT½âg è…A´tˆÖìÿ§P5# æU:ñ %+ 0(1b Yw@e4¥¹ÆÈÆŽÆTÆ Æà ¦ 0D® D/ò ! B% U:B B B B B B B B B B B B B AQ| | 0DÍ Í 0D  D+U 0K€ BË D3è è è è è è è è è è è A©˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX($¡¡- ù - #D$D%&D'()D*+Ó€5ìu[%3|x5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó(('÷ÿ dxd úÝ ƒ"¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€XŸöXXXÔÔ€‹XXŸöÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€XŸöX‹ÔÐ  ÐÌNovember€16,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAhÔó ó d,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular "$Cþÿ<< Cÿÿ(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý'ÈÈÈÈdxd( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó óüÿP Pd'ÿÿdxd $'&›&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñ+ñ›ñ+ñÒ€°ÒÒ„°ÒÑܰÑÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ7€ŸöXXdædÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ñò òÔ€¼68¼XXÔÓ  Óñ5ññ+ñßr€ )<,(j 8` `€€@EôÝ` 8ttxP,Üð  rßñ+ññ5ññ5ññ5ññ5ññ+ñ›ñ+ññ5ññ5ñßt€ )>.*jxéÿæ` `€€@EÝÂ` 8ttxPúð È tß›ñ5ñà@  êàIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÌà@¦¦(êàAT€NASHVILLEó óÔ€XŸöX¼¼68ԈРð Ð̛̜ÌÌÌPEGGY€JEAN€BRADFORD,à 8 àà  à)Ð ‚ ¦ Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ìà Ø àPetitioner/Appellant,à 8 àà  à)Ð Nr  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àAppeal€No.Ð 4X  МVS›.à Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è à01„A„01„9712„CV„00689Ð >  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)ÌJAMES€WILLIAM€ANDERSONà 8 àà  à)à è àCoffee€CircuitÐ æ  Ðand€MYRA€ALEAà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àNo.€25,232Ð Ìð  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ìà Ø àRespondents/Appellees,à 8 àà  à)Ð ˜¼ Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)ÌIN€RE:€€€Rachel€Lee€Andersonà 8 àà  à)à è àà @ àà ˜ àà ð àà H! àà  # àÐ dˆ Ðà Ø à€€€d/o/b:€10/20/90à à àà 8 àà  à)Ð Jn ÐÌÌà@d d êàAPPEALED€FROM€THE€CIRCUIT€COURT€OF€COFFEE€COUNTYˆÌà@øø"êàAT€MANCHESTER,€TENNESSEEˆÌÌà@‰ ‰ êàTHE€HONORABLE€GERALD€L.€œEWELL›,€SR.,€JUDGEˆÌÌÌÌJ.€BROOKS€FOXÌMOORE€&€HEDGESÌ105€N.€Atlantic€StreetÌP.€O.€Box€1810ÌœTullahoma›,€Tennessee€37388Ìà Ø àAttorney€for€Petitioner/AppellantÌÌH.€THOMAS€PARSONSÌPARSONS,€œNICHOLS›€&€JOHNSONÌ101€West€Main€StreetÌManchester,€Tennessee€37355Ìà Ø àAttorney€for€Respondents/AppelleesÌÌÌÌÌà@¤¤$êàAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDˆÌÌÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àà è àBEN€H.€CANTRELLÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àà è àPRESIDING€JUDGE,€M.S.ÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌKOCH,€J.ÌCAIN,€J.ÌÌÌÓÓò òÔ€„L$„XXŸöÔòòà@tt(êàO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óÔ€XŸöX„„L$ԈР:;^5; Їà Ø àà 0 àThis€is€a€custody€dispute€between€the€childððs€father€and€the€childððsÏmaternal€grandmother,€who€was€nominated€as€the€custodian€in€the€will€of€the€childððsÏmother.€€œThe›€Circuit€Court€of€œCoffee›€County€awarded€custody€to€the€father€and€hisÏmother.€€We€affirm.ÌÌà@²²-êàò òI.ó óˆÐ Øü  ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€child,€Rachel€Lee€Anderson,€was€born€on€October€22,€1990€toÏJames€William€Anderson€and€œLeesa›€œDeyne›€Anderson.€€The€parents€divorced€onÏAugust€12,€1991€in€œCoffee›€County,€and€the€mother€was€awarded€custody€of€the€minorÏchild.€€œLeesa›€Deyne€Anderson€died€suddenly€on€April€29,€1997€leaving€a€will€in€whichÏshe€appointed€her€parents,€Peggy€and€Jerry€Bradford€as€guardians€of€the€child.€€JerryÏBradford€predeceased€his€daughter€on€April€19,€1996.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àOn€May€2,€1997€Peggy€Bradford€filed€a€petition€for€custody€in€the€CircuitÏCourt€of€œCoffee›€County.€€The€petition€œnamed›€James€William€Anderson€as€a€defendantÏand€alleged€that€he€had€demanded€custody€of€the€child,€but€that€placing€the€child€inÏhis€custody€would€be€dangerous€because€of€his€violent€and€aggressive€behavior€andÏpsychiatric€problems.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àJames€William€Anderson€obtained€permission€for€his€mother€Myra€AleaÏto€intervene€in€the€action.€€œThey›€filed€a€counterclaim€for€joint€custody.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€proof€œshows›€that€œsince›€1980€or€before€Mr.€Anderson€œhad›€a€historyÏof€alcoholism€and€schizophrenia,€for€which€he€draws€a€œservice„related›€œdisabilityÏpension.›€€In€the€past€he€has€shown€a€propensity€to€improve€and€then€relapse.€€HisÏalcoholism€makes€it€more€likely€that€his€schizophrenia€will€recur.€€In€the€opinion€of€oneÏpsychiatrist,€a€man€with€Mr.€Andersonððs€history€would€have€difficulty€with€interpersonalÏrelationships€and€being€nurturing€to€others.€€As€a€result,€a€child€in€his€custody€wouldÏbe€ð ðat€risk.ððÐ :(4: Їà Ø àà 0 àMr.€Anderson€offered€his€treating€psychiatristððs€opinion€that€he€wasÏcapable€of€taking€care€of€the€child€and€that€there€was€no€psychiatric€pathology€thatÏwould€prevent€him€from€discharging€his€parental€duties.€€During€the€sixteen€monthsÏMr.€Anderson€has€been€under€the€psychiatristððs€œcare,›€he€has€been€sober€and€hasÏtaken€the€medication€prescribed€for€the€schizophrenia.€€In€the€opinion€of€the€œdoctor,›ÏMr.€Anderson€has€steadily€improved.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àMr.€Anderson€testified€that€he€intended€to€take€the€child€to€his€motherððsÏhome€in€Florida€until€he€could€make€more€permanent€living€arrangements.€€œHis›€sisterÏlives€about€a€mile€away€from€his€mother,€so€she€can€lend€additional€family€support.€ÏœBoth›€the€mother€and€sister€drink€socially.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€only€testimony€about€any€aggressive€behavior€on€the€part€of€Mr.ÏAnderson€came€from€the€maternal€grandmother.€€œShe›€testified€that€she€was€presentÏat€the€hearing€when€her€daughter€obtained€an€uncontested€divorce.€€Reciting€herÏdaughterððs€testimony€in€the€former€trial€Ms.€Bradford€said€her€daughter€testified€thatÏMr.€Anderson€had€a€hot€temper€and€would€display€it€in€public.€€On€one€occasion,€Mr.ÏAnderson€threatened€to€commit€œsuicide,›€and€shot€a€hole€in€the€floor€of€their€trailer.€€œHe›Ïonce€held€a€gun€to€his€wifeððs€œhead,›€and€once€locked€her€out€of€the€house€in€the€rain.€ÏOver€Mr.€Andersonððs€objection,€the€trial€judge€admitted€this€testimony€under€œRule›Ï804(b)(a),€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€€We€will€not€review€the€correctness€of€that€œruling›€here,Ïbecause€despite€that€evidence,€the€trial€judge€found€that€Mr.€Anderson€and€his€motherÏshould€be€given€joint€custody€of€the€child.Ð |8 26 Їà@––-êàò òII.ó óˆÐ Ü ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àNatural€parents€have€a€constitutional€right€to€raise€their€children€as€theyÏsee€fit.€€òòHawk€v.€Hawkóó,€855€S.W.2d€573€(Tenn.€1993).€€Only€when€it€is€necessary€toÐ |   Ðprevent€serious€harm€to€the€child,€may€the€state€interfere€with€the€rights€of€naturalÏparents.€€òòId.óó€at€580.Ð <`  ÐÓÓà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTherefore,€in€a€contest€between€a€parent€and€aÏnon„parent,€a€parent€cannot€be€deprived€of€the€custody€ofÏa€child€unless€there€has€been€a€finding,€after€noticeÏrequired€by€due€process,€of€substantial€harm€to€the€child.€ÏOnly€then€may€a€court€engage€in€a€general€ð ðbest€interestÏof€the€childðð€evaluation€in€making€a€determination€ofÏcustody.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌœòòIn›€Re€Adoption€of€Female€Childóó,€896€S.W.2d€546€at€548€(Tenn.€œ1995).›Ð œÀ ÐÌÌÌÓÓà Ø àà 0 àThe€burden€is€on€the€one€seeking€to€deprive€the€natural€parent€of€theÏcustody€of€his€or€her€child€to€prove€that€the€parentððs€custody€poses€a€risk€of€seriousÏharm€to€the€child.€€òòIn€Re€œCrawford›óó,€œ02A01›„9405„CH„00124€(filed€at€Jackson,€œFeb.€22ñ ñ__________ñ ñ,›Ð  @ Ð1995).€€We€are€satisfied€that€the€grandmother€has€œfñ!ñañ!ñiled›€to€carry€that€burden€in€thisÏcase.€€Although€the€father€has€serious€mental€and€dependency€problems,€his€treatingÏphysician€expressed€his€opinion€that€he€posed€no€threat€to€the€child.€€In€all€of€theÏstrange€behavior€that€he€exhibited€during€his€illness,€the€proof€did€not€reveal€that€heÏever€posed€a€threat€to€the€child.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àAlthough€the€trial€judge€did€not€make€a€specific€finding€that€the€father€didÏnot€pose€a€threat€to€the€child,€such€a€finding€is€implicit€in€his€custody€order.€€His€orderÏdoes€recite€the€fatherððs€past€substance€abuse€and€psychiatric€problems€but€it€reliesÏon€the€treating€physicianððs€testimony€that€the€conditions€were€in€remission€and€theÏð ðgeneral€state€of€the€law€in€Tennessee€relative€to€granting€preference€to€parents€overÏall€others.ðð€€The€court€concludes€by€saying€that€ð ðthe€proof€mandates€that€theÏrespondent/father,€the€natural€father€of€this€child,€be€given€her€custody€and€be€givenÐ |8 26 Ðan€opportunity€to€raise€her€jointly€with€his€mother.ðð€€We€do€not€think€the€proofÏpreponderates€against€that€finding.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àBoth€sides€argue€that€their€expertððs€opinion€should€be€given€primaryÏweight.€€The€grandmother€argues€that€the€treating€psychiatrist€had€not€reviewed€theÏmedical€records€covering€œMrñ"ñ.€ñ"ññ#ñ›€ñ#ñAndersonððs›€entire€eighteen€year€history€of€mental€illness.€ÏœMr.ñ$ñ.ñ$ñ›€Anderson€argues€that€the€grandmotherððs€expert€offered€œñ%ñañ%ñn›€opinion€based€entirelyÏon€the€medical€records€without€any€personal€observation.€€We€think€under€thoseÏcircumstances€the€trial€judge€had€to€make€a€determination€about€which€witness€wasÏmore€credible.€€That€determination€is€entitled€to€great€weight€on€appeal.€€òòState€ex€rel.Ð ¼à МBalsinger›€v.€Town€of€œMadisonville›óó,€435€SW.œ2d›€803€(Tenn.€1968).Ð œÀ ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€grandmother€also€argues€that€the€will€nominating€her€as€custodianÏof€the€child€should€be€given€some€consideration.€€She€cites€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€34„12„¼103,€a€general€statute€governing€the€appointment€of€guardians.€€In€that€statute,Ïpersons€designated€in€the€will€of€a€parent€or€parents€are€considered€for€guardianshipÏjust€after€the€parents€themselves.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àWe€do€not€think€the€statute€has€any€application€here.€€œñ&ñtñ&ññ'ñTñ'ñhis›€is€not€aÏguardianship€proceeding.€€If€it€were,€the€statute€gives€first€place€to€parents.€€Therefore,Ïwe€reject€the€argument€that€the€statute€would€have€a€bearing€on€this€case.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€judgment€of€the€court€below€is€affirmed€and€the€cause€œñ(ñisñ(ññ)ñIñ)ñ›€remandedÏto€the€Circuit€Court€of€Coffee€County€for€any€further€proceedings€that€may€becomeÏnecessary.€€Tax€the€costs€on€appeal€to€the€appellant.ÌÌÌÓÓà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 à______________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€PRESIDING€JUDGE,€M.S.Ð l937 М‡CONCUR:›ÌÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌœÌ_____________________________›ÌWILLIAM€B.€CAIN,€JUDGEÌÌÐ  ü  ÐÑ  ÑÔ€¼'Œ¼XXùIÔò òà@êê.êàœñ*ñIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ Ü Ðà@™™(êàAT€NASHVILLEñ*ñó óñ*ñÔ€XùIX¼¼'ŒÔˆÐ ò ÐÌÌÌÌPEGGY€JEAN€BRADFORD,à 8 àà  à)Ð È ì Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ìà Ø àPetitioner/Appellant,à 8 àà  à)Ð ¨ Ì Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àAppeal€No.Ð ˜¼  МVS›.à Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è à01„A„01„9712„CV„00689Ð ˆ¬  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)ÌJAMES€WILLIAM€ANDERSONà 8 àà  à)à è àCoffee€CircuitÐ hŒ  Ðand€MYRA€ALEAà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àNo.€25,232Ð X|  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ìà Ø àRespondents/Appellees,à 8 àà  à)à è àAffirmed€andÐ 8\ Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àRemandedÐ (L ÐIN€RE:€€€Rachel€Lee€Andersonà 8 àà  à)à è àà @ àà ˜ àà ð àà H! àà  # àÐ < Ðà Ø à€€€d/o/b:€10/20/90à à àà 8 àà  à)Ð , ÐÌÔ€¼'Œ¼XXùIÔò òòòà@uu'êàJ€U€D€G€M€E€N€Tóóó óˆÐ è  ÐÌÓÓÔ€XùIX¼¼'ŒÔà Ø àà 0 àThis€cause€came€on€to€be€heard€upon€the€record€on€appeal€from€theÐ 8 ÐCircuit€Court€of€Coffee€County,€briefs€and€argument€of€counsel;€upon€considerationÏwhereof,€this€Court€is€of€the€opinion€that€in€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€there€is€noÏreversible€error.€Ìà Ø àà 0 àIn€accordance€with€the€opinion€of€the€Court€filed€herein,€it€is,€therefore,Ïordered€and€adjudged€by€this€Court€that€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€ÏThe€cause€is€remanded€to€the€Circuit€Court€of€Coffee€County€for€the€execution€of€theÏjudgment€and€for€the€collection€of€the€costs€accrued€below.Ìà Ø àà 0 àCosts€of€this€appeal€are€taxed€against€Peggy€Jean€Bradford,€Principal,Ïand€Moore€&€Hedges,€Surety,€for€which€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.ÌÓÓÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 à______________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€PRESIDING€JUDGE,€M.S.ÌÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 à______________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 à______________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àWILLIAM€B.€CAIN,€JUDGEñ*ñ›