ÿWPCE4 óÖ:o~’¨ü­ÚâQ¾þ”F½[{­‰ =ö='ƒ »C‰#%ºA¾79ÞŽmž ž U^CΧ=Ï“8òF! 響àÏzÍGП©¡`é(;€‘gà“LW›¼X®¢Á¹âÙ!' *ÕÕ6ËR:0t}6oÆxò†Ég[qÖ.÷¡ÌsFJÏ&Ü/Ÿ¿Z(¾È0}‰!2½?Py£"“PýT´5^q¬a¤YyøMW/k§ØzʉƸG³ ‚“Æ.Å–ÎdÌ'.¤Ÿ»ow-A¬£44ŒÏq>ˆ°^öäî­Ivï³{0ÒP\½ª¨?Ó{‰ Ï;úêÛªq·=ìbåæZo&îbbHeù¿G:p뱘~&ãÍte%Ë ê[`©¸tR‚“5íG|\û|È Úb°‘TÏ £òæ;ܦlmŒ“kÿÛ 1‰¯LŒÙM°Öeа+ë+f”2U"B¼ %þ® 0t² 0Å& 0\ë 0G 0rÔ HF 0Ž D+ÆF 0  0=™ 0Ö AQc 0Õ´ 0D‰# ÍØnè 0rëU:]U:—w@Ñ4V%U:{¯µU:dŒžU :*Gd†«"UB1' Bs'U:'Ù Ê'r£1 D33U:H3H3H3H3U:‚3L¼344-4ô\  `*Times New RomanTTô' Í The Plaintiffs appeal the trial courts final judgment which up (Authorized User(0Authorized User .   h††ÿÿ:Default ParaDefault Paragraph FontÔ€XXXÔÔW€ô\  `*Times New RomanTTWÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€ôôôÔÔW€ô\  `*Times New RomanTTWÔ<5Tÿÿ.footerfooterÓ  ÓÓ ÜÜü!ÓÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ>4°X°` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#>ÓP††ÿÿ8page numberpage numberÔ€XXXÔÔW€ô\  `*Times New RomanTTWÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€ôôôÔÔW€ô\  `*Times New RomanTTWÔV!ÿÿ:footnote texfootnote textÓ  ÓÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  Ô`‰‰ÿÿ:footnote reffootnote referenceÔ€XXXÔÔW€ô\  `*Times New RomanTTWÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔòòóóÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€ôôôÔÔW€ô\  `*Times New RomanTTWÔ >Ý ƒe§$ÝÔ€ô>nôôôÔÔ€ô>nôôô>nÔÓ  ÓÔ€ ô±Ìôôô>nÔà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ô±Ìôô ô±ÌÔThe€temporary€order€and€the€final€order€were€entered€by€different€trial€judges.€Ô#† ô±Ìôôô±Ì¬#Ô(e2†$©©Ý ƒä!ÝÔ€ôNBôôôÔÔ€ôNBôôôNBÔÓ  ÓÝ  Ý'ÈÈÈÈdxdƒ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(e2†$££Ý ƒä!ÝÔ€ôNBôôôÔÔ€ôNBôôôNBÔÓ  ÓÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$””Ú  ÚÚ  Ú(e2†$¢¢Ý ƒä!ÝÔ€ôNBôôôÔÔ€ôNBôôôNBÔÓ  ÓÝ  Ý   Cþÿ<< cÿÿ(…(2$¤¤Ý ƒä!ÝÔ€ôNBôôôÔÔ€ôNBôôôNBÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ€ ôL ôôôNBÔà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLlÎ3|xf#«ô\  `*Times New RomanTTôôCô\  PŽ6QôPô\  `*Times New RomanTTXXPô\  PŽ6QXP%ä2¼A`ArialTTomanTTXXXä2¼P±ŠQXP(Jä$¡¡Ô€ô~4ôôôÔÔ€ô~4ôôô~4ÔÓ  Ó,kû¤AZ‹"Arial Regular+ÄâK AZ"Arial Regular º"ÕS#T#{U#V#EW#X#EY#Z#Ó€f#n~<$` LÝ ƒe§$ÝÔ€ô>nôôôÔÔ€ô>nôôô>nÔÓ  ÓÔ€ ô±Ìôôô>nÔà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ô±Ìôô ô±ÌÔBoth€parties€appear€to€agree€that€this€authorization€includes€the€Attorney€Ad€Litemððs€fee.€Ô#† ô±Ìôôô±Ì¬#Ô,kû¤AZ‹"Arial Regular ¥Ý ƒe§$ÝÔ€ô>nôôôÔÔ€ô>nôôô>nÔÓ  ÓÔ€ ô±Ìôôô>nÔà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ô±Ìôô ô±ÌÔThe€Guardian€Ad€Litemððs€initial€report€indicated€that€Chandlerððs€teachers€agreed€the€forgotten€moneyÐ ° Ðand€supplies€were€ð ðno€more€than€any€average€kid.ðð€Ô#† ô±Ìôôô±Ì¬#Ô,kû¤AZ‹"Arial Regular ‚Ý ƒe§$ÝÔ€ô>nôôôÔÔ€ô>nôôô>nÔÓ  ÓÔ€ ô±Ìôôô>nÔà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝIn€òòWall€v.€Wallóó,€òòsupraóó,€permission€to€appeal€was€denied€by€the€Supreme€Court.€€The€òòWallóó€case€hasÐ ° Ðbeen€followed€consistently€by€the€Court€of€Appeals,€including€the€following:€òòGreene€v.€Greeneóó,€No.€03A01„Ð xÈ Ð9503„CV„00091,€1996€WL€165098€(Tenn.€App.€April€9,€1996);€òòIngram€v.€Ingramóó,€No.€02A01„9501„CH„00005,Ð @ Ð1996€WL€138443€(Tenn.€App.€Mar.€27,€1996);€òòStroud€v.€Stroudóó,€No.€01A01„9607„CH„00291,€1997€WL€266846Ð X Ð(Tenn.€App.€May€21,€1997);€òòStubbs€v.€Stubbsóó,€No.€02A01„9703„CH„00050,€1997€WL€266846€(Tenn.€App.€Nov.Ð Ð  Ð25,€1997);€òòCook€v.€Davidsonóó,€No.€02A01„9607„CH„00173,€1997€WL€459727€(Tenn.€App.€Aug.€12,€1997);Ð ˜è ÐòòEberhart€v.€Eberhartóó,€No.€03A01„9612„CV„00374,€1997€WL€406378€(Tenn.€App.€July€22,€1997);€òòWilliams€v.Ð ` ° ÐWilliamsóó,€No.€01A01„9610„CV„00468,€1997€WL€272458€(Tenn.€App.€May€23,€1997).,ÄâK AZ‹"Arial Regular =Ý ƒe§$ÝÔ€ô>nôôôÔÔ€ô>nôôô>nÔÓ  ÓÔ€ ô±Ìôôô>nÔà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ô±Ìôô ô±ÌÔApparently,€the€Father€is€attempting€to€raise€this€issue€on€behalf€of€the€Guardian€Ad€Litem€and€theÐ ° ÐAttorney€Ad€Litem.€€The€Guardian€Ad€Litem€was€listed,€along€with€the€Father,€as€an€appellant€in€a€joint€noticeÏof€appeal€filed€by€the€Fatherððs€attorney€and€the€Attorney€Ad€Litem.€€Additionally,€the€Attorney€Ad€LitemððsÏsignature€appears€on€the€appellate€brief€filed€by€the€Fatherððs€attorney.€€The€brief€does€not€make€clear,Ïhowever,€whether€the€Guardian€Ad€Litem€is€joining€in€all€of€the€issues€raised€in€the€Fatherððs€brief,€or€just€theÏissue€concerning€costs.Ô#† ô±Ìôôô±Ì¬#Ô |Ý ƒe§$ÝÔ€#ô>nôôôÔÔ€#ô>nôôô>nÔÓ  ÓÔ€%ô±Ìôôô>nÔà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝIn€òòWall€v.€Wallóó,€supra,€permission€to€appeal€was€denied€by€the€Supreme€Court.€€The€òòWallóó€case€hasÐ ° Ðbeen€followed€consistently€by€the€Court€of€Appeals,€including€the€following:€òòGreene€v.€Greeneóó,€No.€03A01„Ð xÈ Ð9503„CV„00091,€1996€WL€165098€(Tenn.€App.€April€9,€1996);€òòIngram€v.€Ingramóó,€No.€02A01„9501„CH„00005,Ð @ Ð1996€WL€138443€(Tenn.€App.€Mar.€27,€1996);€òòStroud€v.€Stroudóó,€No.€01A01„9607„CH„00291,€1997€WL€266846Ð X Ð(Tenn.€App.€May€21,€1997);€òòStubbs€v.€Stubbsóó,€No.€02A01„9703„CH„00050,€1997€WL€266846€(Tenn.€App.€Nov.Ð Ð  Ð25,€1997);€òòCook€v.€Davidsonóó,€No.€02A01„9607„CH„00173,€1997€WL€459727€(Tenn.€App.€Aug.€12,€1997);Ð ˜è ÐòòEberhart€v.€Eberhartóó,€No.€03A01„9612„CV„00374,€1997€WL€406378€(Tenn.€App.€July€22,€1997);€òòWilliams€v.Ð ` ° ÐWilliamsóó,€No.€01A01„9610„CV„00468,€1997€WL€272458€(Tenn.€App.€May€23,€1997).ô\  `*Times New RomanTT d,ÄâK AZ‹"Arial Regular Ï Ý ƒe§$ÝÔ€ô>nôôôÔÔ€ô>nôôô>nÔÓ  ÓÔ€ ô±Ìôôô>nÔà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€principle€enunciated€in€òòWall€v.€Wallóó,€òòsupraóó,€is€not€at€odds€with€the€traditional€ð ðbest€interestsðð€test.€Ð ° ÐPing„pong€custody€adjudications€are€not€in€a€childððs€best€interests.€€This€problem€has€been€addressed€withÏunanimity€by€òòAabyóó,€òòMusselmanóó,€and€òòContrerasóó,€as€well€as€by€òòWallóó.€€òòAabyóó,€a€parental€relocation€case,Ð @ Ðspecifically€held€that€ð ðTennessee€allows€custody€to€be€changed€if€the€behavior€of€the€custodial€parent€òòclearlyÐ X Ðposits€a€dangeróó€to€the€physical,€mental€or€emotional€well„being€of€the€child€[citation€omitted].ðð€[EmphasisÐ Ð  Ðsupplied].€€òòAaby€v.€Strangeóó,€924€S.W.2d€623,€629€(Tenn.€1996).€òòMusselmanóó,€citing€òòBallard€v.€Ballardóó,€434Ð ˜è ÐSo.2d€1357,€1360€(Miss.€1983),€held:€ð ðIt€is€only€that€behavior€of€a€parent€which€òòclearly€posits€or€causes€dangeróóÐ ` ° Ðto€the€mental€or€emotional€well„being€of€a€child...which€is€sufficient€basis€to€seriously€consider€the€drastic€legalÏaction€of€changing€custody.ðð€[Emphasis€supplied].€€òòMusselman€v.€Acuffóó,€826€S.W.2d€920,€924€(Tenn.€App.Ð ð @ Ð1991).€òòContrerasóó,€quoting€òòSartoph€v.€Sartophóó,€354€A.2d€467,€473€(Md.€App.€1976),€stated:€ð ðThe€custody€ofÐ ¸   Ðchildren€should€not€be€disturbed€unless€there€is€some€strong€reason€òòaffecting€the€welfare€of€the€childóó.€€ToÐ € Ð  Ðjustify€a€change€in€custody,€the€change€in€conditions€òòmust€have€occurredóó€which€affects€the€welfare€of€the€childÐ H ˜  Ðand€òònot€that€of€the€parentsóó.ðð€[Emphasis€supplied].€òòContreras€v.€Wardóó,€831€S.W.2d€288,€290€(Tenn.€App.€1991).€Ð `  ÐThese€cases€are€all€in€accord€with€the€language€of€òòWall€v.€Wallóó,€òòsupraóó,€that,€once€a€valid€custodyÐ Ø(  Ðdetermination€is€made,€such€custody€is€not€subject€to€change€unless€there€is€a€ð ðchange€ofÏcircumstances...which€requires€a€change€to€prevent€substantial€harm€to€the€child.ðð€€òòWall€v.€Wallóó,€907€S.W.2dÐ h¸  Ð829,€834€(Tenn.€App.€1995).€€ð ðIn€short,€when€all€goes€well€with€children,€stability,€not€change,€is€in€their€bestÏinterests.ðð€òòContreras€v.€Wardóó,€òòsupraò òóó,€ó óciting€òòSartoph€v.€Sartophóó. hÝ ƒ†"ÝÔ€ô¾UôôôÔÔ€ô¾Uôôô¾UÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ€)ôaoôôô¾UÔÔ€)À™ô)ôaoÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€)X°9X)À™ÔÐ  ÐÌò òNovember€2,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€)ôaoôX)X°9ÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó$$$$'ÿÿdxd,kû¤AZ‹"Arial Regular,ÄâK AZ‹"Arial RegularC:\OFFICE\WPWIN\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT #Ñ#€iXÿÿd#ÑÝ ƒä!ÝÔ€ô¾UôôôÔÔ€ô¾Uôôô¾UÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ  ÑÓ! °,X›X°œX!ÓÔ€ôAáôôô¾UÔÔ€XîXôôAáÔÑ7€¾UôôdÈXXdð7ÑÑ€1ýóÑñZ#ñ›ñZ#ññf#ññZ#ñßr€'(<,(j 8` `€€@Eȱ` ttx$°ð ÕrßñZ#ññf#ññf#ññf#ññf#ññZ#ñ›ñZ#ññf#ññf#ññf#ññf#ñ›ñf#ññf#ñ›ñf#ñà@g g ìàò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÌà@bb%ìàAT€JACKSONˆÌÌÌPHYLLIS€RENEE€BROWN,à h àà À à)€€Ð pÀ Ðñf#ñœßt€'(>.*jxà ` `€€@EL€ ` ttx$„` ( ôtß›ñf#ñà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ìà  àà ` àó óPlaintiff/Respondent,à À àò ò)€€Shelby€Circuit€No.€136582€R.D.Ð P   Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)ÌVS.à  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)€€Appeal€No.€02A01„9709„CV„00228Ð 0 € Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)ÌCHARLES€CHANDLER€BROWN,€SR.,à À à)Ð `  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ìà  àà ` àó óDefendant/Petitioner.à À àò ò)ó óÐ ð@  ÐÌÌà@þþìàAPPEAL€FROM€THE€CIRCUIT€COURT€OF€SHELBY€COUNTYˆÌà@ææ ìàAT€MEMPHIS,€TENNESSEEˆÌà@D D ìàTHE€HONORABLE€JAMES€F.€RUSSELL,€JUDGEˆÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌò òJOY€TANNER€BOMARó óÐ ` ÐMemphis,€TennesseeÌAttorney€for€PetitionerÌÌÌÌò òJOHN€D.€HORNEó óÐ °"  ÐMemphis,€TennesseeÌAttorney€for€RespondentÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌœò òAFFIRMED€AS€MODIFIED›Ð ,`'* ÐÌÌÌÌÌÌÌó óà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àò òALAN€E.€HIGHERS,€J.Ð 3à.2 ÐÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌW.€FRANK€CRAWFORD,€P.J.,€W.S.ÌÌâ âDAVID€R.€FARMER,€œJ.€ó ó(concurs€separately)›à  àœÐ ;`6: ÐÑ1ýóÑÑ7€îXXdðôôdÈ7ÑÑ  Ññf#ñÑ1ýóÑÑ7€îXXdðôôdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ1ýóÑÑ7€îXXdðôôdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ1ýóÑÑ7€îXXdðôôdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ1ýóÑÑ7€îXXdðôôdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ1ýóÑÑ7€îXXdðôôdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ1ýóÑÑ7€îXXdðôôdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ1ýóÑÑ7€îXXdðôôdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ1ýóÑÑ7€îXXdðôôdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ1ýóÑÑ7€îXXdðôôdÈ7ÑÑ  Ññf#ññZ#ñÑ1ýóÑÑ7€îXXdðôôdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ1ýóÑÑ7€îXXdðôôdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ1ýóÑÑ7€îXXdðôôdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ1ýóÑÑ7€îXXdðôôdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ1ýóÑÑ7€îXXdðôôdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ1ýóÑÑ7€îXXdðôôdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ1ýóÑÑ7€îXXdðôôdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ1ýóÑÑ7€îXXdðôôdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑñZ#ñÓÓà  àCharles›€Chandler€Brown,€Sr.€(Father),€appeals€the€trial€courtððs€order€denying€hisÐ ° Ðâ âpetition€to€modify€the€custody€arrangement€previously€agreed€to€by€the€parties€and€set€forthÏin€their€final€divorce€decree.€€For€the€reasons€stated€hereinafter,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððsÏjudgment€with€certain€modifications.ÌÌà@ìàÔ&   ÔòòI.€€Factual€and€Procedural€HistoryóóˆÐ `  ÐÌà  àThe€parties€were€divorced€in€December€1991.€€œPer›€theÔ' á Ô€partiesðð€agreement,€PhyllisÏRenee€Brown€(Mother)€was€awarded€custody€of€the€partiesðð€minor€child,€Charles€ChandlerÏBrown,€Jr.€(Chandler),€then€four€years€of€age.€€The€Father€was€awarded€specified€visitation,Ïincluding€every€other€weekend,€beginning€at€6:00€p.m.€on€Friday€and€ending€at€6:00€p.m.Ïon€Sunday,€and€five€weeks€in€the€summer.€ÌÌà  àThe€Mother€was€remarried€in€April€1992€to€Joe€Omedeo.€€œThe›€Mother€began€seeingÏOmedeo€while€she€was€still€married€to€the€Father€and,€at€the€time€of€her€remarriage,€theÏMother€already€was€pregnant€with€Omedeoððs€child.€€Despite€the€Motherððs€remarriage,€theÏFather€and€the€Mother€maintained€a€sporadic€sexual€relationship€over€a€period€of€almostÏthree€years.€€œThese›€sexual€encounters€began€in€August€1992,€when€the€Mother€was€sevenÏmonths€pregnant€with€Omedeoððs€child,€and€continued€until€July€1995.€€œDuring›€one€or€twoÏsuch€encounters,€the€Father€videotaped€the€Mother€engaging€in€sexual€activity€in€theÏFatherððs€kitchen.€€Chandler€was€present€in€the€Fatherððs€home€during€the€taping,€but€heÏapparently€did€not€witness€the€sexual€activity.€ÌÌà  àThe€Motherððs€second€child,€Joey€Omedeo,€was€born€in€November€1992.€œThe›ÏMotherððs€marriage€to€Joe€Omedeo€was€short„lived,€however,€and€she€filed€for€divorce€inÏJune€1993.€€œThe›€Motherððs€sexual€relationship€with€the€Father€finally€ended€during€theÏsummer€of€1995,€when€she€met€her€current€paramour,€Richard€Stacey.€€œOne›€evening€whenÏthe€Father€was€returning€Chandler€from€visitation,€the€Father€encountered€Joe€Omedeo,Ïand€the€two€men€began€talking.€€œIn›€response€to€a€specific€question€from€Omedeo,€theÐ 09€48 ÐFather€admitted€that€he€had€engaged€in€sexual€relations€with€the€Mother.€€œThe›€Father€alsoÏanswered€other€questions€posed€to€him€by€Omedeo.€€œAs›€a€result€of€this€exchange€ofÏinformation,€the€Father€agreed€to€appear€in€a€Mississippi€court€and€testify€on€behalf€ofÏOmedeo,€who€was€seeking€custody€of€Joey€Omedeo.€ÌÌà  àIn€February€1996,€the€Father€filed€this€petition€to€change€custody€of€Chandler€fromÏthe€Mother€to€the€Father.€€œIn›€support€of€his€petition,€the€Father€alleged€the€followingÏchanges€of€circumstances:ÌÓÓà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à3.à  àThat€since€the€entry€of€the€Final€Decree€ofÐ ° ÐDivorce,€the€Mother€has€remarried€and€has€had€another€child.€ÏFurther,€the€Mother€has€set€about€a€course€of€conduct,€whichÏis€detrimental€to€the€best€interests€of€the€minor€child,€including,Ïwithout€limitation,€having€extramarital€affairs€and€[cohabiting]Ïwith€a€man„„€not€her€husband.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à4.à  àThat€the€Mother€is€presently€in€a€custody€disputeÐ @ Ðover€similar€issues€involving€her€second€child€born€to€theÏMother€since€the€entry€of€the€Final€Decree€in€this€matter.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à5.à  àThat€upon€information€and€belief,€the€MotherððsÐ P Ðpresent€paramour€has€physically€abused€the€minor€child,€andÏthe€Mother€herself€is€guilty€of€using€implements€(switches)€onÏthe€minor€child€for€discipline.€€Additionally,€the€Mother€does€notÏprovide€proper€supervision€for€the€minor€child€in€the€apartmentÏcomplex€where€she€lives,€either€after€school€or€during€theÏsummer€vacation€months,€nor€does€she€provide€the€minor€childÏwith€adequate€funds€with€which€to€buy€lunches€at€school.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à6.à  àSince€the€[Motherððs]€involvement€with€her€presentÐ p&À!$ Ðparamour,€and€even€more€so€since€the€[Father]€has€beenÏsubpoenaed€to€testify€in€the€collateral€custody€case,€theÏMother€has€set€about€a€pattern€of€interference€with€[theÏFatherððs]€physical€contact€and€telephone€visitation€with€theÏminor€child.€Ð ` x` x ÐÌÓÓIn€his€petition,€the€Father€moved€for€the€appointment€of€a€guardian€ad€litem€to€representÏChandlerððs€interests.€€œThe›€trial€court€granted€the€œmotion,›€œappointing›€attorney€Pamela€PierceÏas€Chandlerððs€guardian€ad€litem.€ÌÌà  àSometime€between€January€and€April€1996,€the€Father€testified€in€the€MississippiÏcustody€proceedings€involving€Joey€Omedeo.€€œIn›€addition€to€testifying€about€his€affair€withÏthe€Mother€while€she€still€was€married€to€Omedeo,€the€Father€provided€Omedeo€with€theÏsexually€explicit€videotape€he€had€taken€of€the€Mother€in€his€kitchen,€and€Omedeo€playedÐ  :p59 Ðthe€videotape€in€the€courtroom€during€the€trial.€€œIn›€November€1996,€the€Mississippi€courtÏawarded€Omedeo€custody€of€Joey€Omedeo,€who€was€then€four€years€of€age.€€€In€supportÏof€its€ruling,€the€Mississippi€court€relied,€in€part,€on€the€Fatherððs€testimony€and€theÏvideotape.€€œThe›€Motherððs€divorce€from€Omedeo€became€final€in€December€1996.€ÌÌà  àIn€December€1996,€the€trial€court€in€this€case€entered€a€temporary€order€which,€inÏaddition€to€continuing€the€case€until€after€the€1996„97€school€year,€responded€to€concernsÏexpressed€by€the€Guardian€Ad€Litem€in€her€initial€report€by€imposing€several€conditions€onÏthe€partiesðð€behavior€pending€these€proceedings.€€œOne›€of€the€conditions€was€that€theÏparties€engage€in€family€counseling€with€Dr.€Roy€Greenberg,€who€already€was€treatingÏChandler.€€œThe›€trial€court€also€imposed,€òòinter€aliaóó,€the€following€conditions€on€the€parties:Ð pÀ ÐÓÓà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à„à  àThe€parties€shall€call€Chandler€no€more€thanÐ P  Ðonce€per€day€while€the€child€is€in€the€care€of€the€other€parent,Ïand€those€calls€should€be€placed€to€Chandler€between€theÏhours€of€7€p.m.€and€8€p.m.€€Missed€calls€to€the€child€will€beÏreturned€the€same€day€and€prior€to€the€childððs€bedtime.€€TheÏcalls€should€be€limited€in€length€so€as€not€to€interfere€with€theÏconsistency€of€the€childððs€evening€preparation€for€school€andÏbedtime.€€This€does€not€limit€letters,€post€cards,€cards€or€E„mailÏto€the€child€from€either€parent.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à„à  à...€€Both€parents€are€to€deposit€Twenty„FiveÐ °"  Ð($25.00)€Dollars€with€the€school€office€or€teacher€to€coverÏÔ& Ð Ôforgotten€or€unpaid€lunch€money€and/or€school€supplies.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à„à  à....Ô'Ð$ã#ÔÐp&À!$` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à„à  àNeither€parent€is€to€discuss€the€other€parent€inÐ P( #& ÐChandlerððs€listening€presence.€€To€the€extent€possible,€eachÏparent€is€to€prevent€other€family€members€or€friends€fromÏdiscussing€the€other€parent€in€Chandlerððs€listening€presence.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à„à  àœ...€[N]either›€parent€is€to€discuss€theseÐ -P(+ Ðproceedings,€their€progress€or€their€results€with€Chandler.€€TheÏparents€are€authorized€only€to€refer€Chandler€to€the€GuardianÏad€Litem€or€to€Dr.€Greenberg€to€obtain€answers€to€hisÏquestions.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à„à  àNeither€parent€is€to€smoke€in€ChandlerððsÐ  2ð-1 Ðpresence,€at€any€place€or€at€any€time,€whether€indoors€orÏotherwise.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à„à  àNeither€parent€is€to€have€an€adult€member€of€theÐ `6°15 Ðopposite€sex,€who€is€unrelated€to€that€parent,€remain€in€theÏhome€with€Chandler€present€past€10€p.m.€or€arrive€in€the€homeÏâ âprior€to€Chandlerððs€breakfast.€Ð09€48` x` x ÐÓÓIn€addition€to€imposing€these€conditions,€the€trial€court€increased€the€Fatherððs€visitation€timeÏâ âwith€Chandler.€€œWhereas›€the€Fatherððs€visitation€weekends€with€Chandler€formerly€beganÏon€Friday€at€6:00€p.m.€and€ended€on€Sunday€at€6:00€p.m.,€the€trial€courtððs€temporary€orderÏprovided€that€such€visitations€would€begin€ð ðThursday€after€schoolðð€and€end€ð ðthe€followingÏMonday€morning.ðð€€œAdditionally,›€on€alternate€weeks,€the€Father€was€granted€visitation€withÏChandler€ð ðfrom€Thursday€after€school€and€overnight€until€the€next€morning.ðð€ÌÌà  àThe€trial€relative€to€Chandlerððs€custody€took€place€in€July€1997.€€During€the€trial,€theÏMother€admitted€that€she€had€permitted€her€paramour,€Richard€Stacey,€to€spend€at€leastÏtwo€nights€in€her€apartment€while€Chandler€was€present€in€the€home.€€œThe›€Mother€testifiedÏthat€Stacey€also€came€to€the€apartment€every€morning€to€drink€coffee€with€her€on€the€patio.€ÏœThe›€Mother€denied€that€Stacey€ever€physically€disciplined€Chandler,€but€she€acknowledgedÏthat,€in€the€past,€Stacey€had€made€Chandler€sit€in€ð ðtime€outðð€for€misbehaving.€€œMoreover,›Ïthe€Mother€admitted€that€she€once€had€lied€when€the€Guardian€Ad€Litem€asked€her€ifÏStacey€had€spent€the€night€and€that€she€had€committed€perjury€in€the€Mississippi€custodyÏproceedings.€€œThe›€Mother€admitted€smoking€in€Chandlerððs€presence,€but€she€maintainedÏthat€this€only€occurred€outdoors€and€was€unavoidable€because€Chandler€insisted€on€beingÏaround€her.€€œFinally,›€the€Mother€admitted€that€she€had€talked€to€Chandler€about€losingÏcustody€of€Joey€Omedeo€and€that€she€had€told€Chandler€that€the€Father€was€at€least€partlyÏto€blame€for€this€loss.€ÌÌà  àThe€Father€admitted€that€he€too€had€smoked€in€Chandlerððs€presence,€but€he€insistedÏthat€this€occurred€only€when€he€was€outdoors€or€when€he€was€ð ðin€the€backðð€and€ChandlerÏwas€ð ðat€the€other€end€of€the€house.ðð€€œThe›€Father€also€admitted€that€he€had€declined€to€keepÏChandler€during€the€day€that€summer,€despite€the€fact€that€the€Father€was€unemployed€forÏseveral€months.€€œThe›€Father€defended€his€refusal€by€explaining€that€he€was€helping€hisÏnew€wife€start€her€own€business.€€The€Father€complained€that€Chandler€rarely€returned€hisÏphone€calls,€and€he€appeared€to€blame€the€Mother€for€this€circumstance.€ÌÐ 09€48 Ðà  àPsychologist€Roy€Greenberg€testified€that€the€family€therapy€ordered€by€the€trialÏcourt€ended€when€the€parties€reached€an€impasse€in€their€communications€regardingÏChandlerððs€œwelfare.€›€Specifically,€the€Mother€still€harbored€hostility€and€resentment€towardÏthe€Father€for€his€participation€in€the€Mississippi€custody€proceedings,€and€she€expressedÏher€belief€that€she€could€never€forgive€the€Father€for€his€role€in€her€loss€of€custody€of€Joey.€ÏœDr.›€Greenberg€was€concerned€about€the€effect€of€the€custody€proceedings€on€ChandlerÏbecause€the€Mother€had€discussed€the€proceedings€with€Chandler€and€had€communicatedÏher€grief€over€the€loss€of€Joeyððs€custody.€ÌÌà  àDr.€Greenberg€noted€that,€early€in€the€Motherððs€relationship€with€Richard€Stacey,ÏChandler€complained€that€Stacey€was€punishing€him.€€œDr.›€Greenberg€raised€this€issue€withÏthe€Guardian€Ad€Litem,€however,€and€he€believed€that€the€problem€had€been€resolved.€ÏœThe›€Mother€herself€had€been€œexcessive€and€overly›€negative€œin›€her€disciplining€of€Chandler,Ïbut€Dr.€Greenberg€testified€that€this€problem€was€addressed€and,€at€least€with€regard€toÏany€physical€punishment,€resolved€before€the€Father€filed€his€petition€to€change€custody.€ÏœDr.›€Greenberg€also€noted€that€previous€father€figures€in€Chandlerððs€life€had€left,€òòi.e.óó€theÐ Ð  ÐFather€and€Joe€Omedeo,€and€he€expressed€concern€about€the€effect€that€suchÏabandonment€might€have€on€Chandler.€ÌÌà  àDespite€these€concerns,€Dr.€Greenberg€testified€that€Chandler€was€ð ð€a€happy€childððÏwho€was€ð ðcoping€very€well.ðð€€€With€the€exception€of€stress€associated€with€the€custodyÏproceedings,€Dr.€Greenberg€did€not€believe€that€Chandler€was€ð ðexhibiting€or€experiencingÏany€trauma,€duress€or€crisis€at€this€time.ðð€€€Dr.€Greenberg€opined€that€Chandler€would€ð ðdoÏwell€in€either€[parentððs]€home,ðð€and€he€declined€to€characterize€the€environment€in€theÏMotherððs€home€as€either€healthy€or€unhealthy.€€œDr.›€Greenberg€explained€that€ð ð[i]tððs€notÏabusive,€itððs€not€chaotic,€there€is€love€and€support,€there€are€things€that€probably€are€worthÏchanging,€sure,€and€I€think€that€is€true€in€a€lot€of€households.ðð€€Dr.Greenberg€also€declinedÏto€give€an€opinion€as€to€whether€a€change€of€custody€would€be€harmful€to€Chandler,€butÏhe€did€opine€that€Chandler€ð ðfeels€great€love€towards€[the€Mother]€and€it€just€follows€that€anyÐ 09€48 Ðchild€removed€from€a€parent€[he]€love[s]€is€going€to€be€hurt.ðð€€œAlthough›€Dr.€GreenbergÏexpressed€his€concern€over€the€Motherððs€œfailure›€to€follow€through€with€therapyÏrecommendations,€Dr.€Greenberg€testified€that€the€Mother€had€worked€very€hard,€that€sheÏwas€truthful€about€her€failures€to€accomplish€therapy€goals,€and€that€she€did€not€blameÏothers€for€these€failures.€ÌÌà  àThe€Guardian€Ad€Litem€agreed€that€Chandler€was€ð ðnot€an€abused€child.ðð€€œThe›ÏGuardian€Ad€Litem€testified€that,€although€Richard€Stacey€had€disciplined€Chandler€harshlyÏin€the€past,€such€discipline€did€not€rise€to€the€level€of€abuse.€€€By€the€time€of€trial,€StaceyÏno€longer€was€disciplining€Chandler.€€The€Fatherððs€new€wife,€Deborah€Brown,€also€hadÏplayed€a€disciplinary€role€in€Chandlerððs€life,€but€the€Guardian€Ad€Litem€believed€thatÏChandler€had€adjusted€well€to€the€Fatherððs€remarriage€and€to€the€new€rules€established€inÏthe€Fatherððs€home.€€Chandler€had€benefited€from€the€increased€visitation€with€the€FatherÏas€provided€in€the€trial€courtððs€temporary€order.€ÌÌà  àThe€Guardian€Ad€Litem€expressed€concern€over€the€failure€of€both€parents€to€fullyÏcomply€with€the€trial€courtððs€prohibition€on€smoking€in€Chandlerððs€presence.€€€The€GuardianÏAd€Litem€also€expressed€concern€over€the€degree€to€which€the€Mother€had€involvedÏChandler€in€the€custody€proceedings.€€œAt›€one€point,€the€Guardian€Ad€Litem€urged€theÏMother€to€seek€counseling€to€deal€with€her€anger€over€the€loss€of€custody€of€Joey€insteadÏof€communicating€this€anger€to€Chandler.€€œThe›€Guardian€Ad€Litem€testified€that€ChandlerÏð ðvery€much€still€mourn[ed]€the€loss€of€Joey,ðð€and€she€believed€that€neither€parent€hadÏadequately€addressed€this€loss.€ÌÌà  àAlthough€the€Guardian€Ad€Litem€declined€to€make€a€custody€recommendation,€sheÏdid€not€believe€that€an€immediate€or€drastic€change€in€custody€or€visitation€would€be€inÏChandlerððs€best€interest.€€œThe›€Guardian€Ad€Litem€recommended€that€any€changes€beÏaccomplished€gradually€and€with€the€guidance€of€a€œcounselor.›ÌÐ 09€48 Ðà  àAt€the€trialððs€conclusion,€the€trial€court€found€that€the€Father€had€failed€to€carry€hisÏburden€of€proof€to€support€a€change€of€custody€and,€accordingly,€the€court€entered€anÏorder€denying€the€Fatherððs€petition.€€œSpecifically,›€the€trial€court€made€the€following€findings:ÌÓÓà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àThe€proof€with€respect€to€interference€with€telephoneÏcontact,€unreturned€telephone€€calls,€the€proof€from€[theÏFather]€was€that€he€would€call€and€leave€messages€on€anÏanswering€machine€that€were€not€returned.€€The€reason€forÏtheir€not€being€returned€is€unknown€to€the€Court.€€It€could€beÏthat€Chandler€simply€did€not€want€to€return€the€telephone€callsÏas€far€as€this€Court€could€tell.€€In€any€event,€if€they€wereÏprevented€by€[the€Mother],€the€Court€[would]€not€base€aÏchange€of€custody€on€that€alone.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àThereððs€the€allegation€regarding€the€use€of€switches€forÏdiscipline€or€improper€supervision€or€adequate€funds€for€schoolÏlunches.€€There€was€a€suggestion€or€an€order,€part€of€aÏtemporary€order,€that€each€of€the€parties€deposit€$25€for€theÏassistance€of€things€at€school.€€Thereððs€no€indication€from€anyÏof€the€evidence€or€of€the€proof€œthat€that›ððs€been€a€problem.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àWith€regard€to€inappropriate€discipline,€it€appears€to€theÏCourt€through€work€with€Dr.€Greenberg€that€whether€it€mightÏhave€been€inappropriate€under€those€circumstances,€as€theyÏcome€up,€they€get€corrected.€€That€includes€the€allegations€ofÏphysical€abuse€from€the€paramour,€Mr.€Stacey.€€The€proof€hasÏnot€got€beyond€the€admissions€by€Mr.€Stacey€with€respect€toÏearlier€disciplinary€measures€after€learning€that€his€involvementÏwas€not€appropriate€to€the€Court.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àThen€thereððs€the€custody€dispute€in€Mississippi€overÏsimilar€issues€and€the€extramarital€affairs€and€cohabiting.€€TheÏCourt€can€only€wonder€what€must€have€been€going€throughÏ[the€Fatherððs]€mind€during€that€period€from€the€time€of€theÏdivorce€through€the€Mississippi€divorce€proceedings.€€The€factÏthat€he€was€engaged€in€an€ongoing€relationship€and€affair€withÏhis€ex„wife€indicates€to€the€Court€that€he€had€little€regard€forÏher€marriage€at€the€time....Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à...€€[T]he€Court€finds€that€the€Mississippi€Court€basedÏhis€ruling€and€award€of€custody€of€Joey€Omedeo€to€Mr.ÏOmedeo...€in€large€measure€upon€the€testimony€andÏbehavior€that€was€elicited€through€[the€Father].€€In€that€case,Ïcustody€was€awarded€apparently€to€Mr.€Omedeo€based€inÏlarge€measure€upon€evidence€of€[the€Fatherððs]€ongoingÏrelationship€with€his€ex„wife,€the€very€conduct€of€which€heÏcomplains€of€framing€the€basis€for€a€change€of€circumstancesÏin€this€case.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àThere€is€the€matter€of€the€video.€€[The€Father]€says€thatÏ[the€Mother]€consented€to€the€video€because€she€believed€itÏwas€a€birthday€gift€to€him,€if€the€Court€understands€theÏtestimony€correctly.€€The€Court€only€wonders€how€this€mightÏhave€been€different€if€[the€Fatherððs]€ultimate€goal,€that€is,€theÏreturn€of€his€ex„wife€and€child€to€his€home,€had€occurred,€thenÏwhere€we€would€be?Ð :p59` x` x Їà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àThen€the€Court€has€to€consider€the€effect€of€changeÏupon€a€child.€€The€Court€is€most€persuaded€by€the€testimonyÏof€Dr.€Greenberg€where€he€says€the€child€is€coping€and€theÏchildððs€only€stress€is€the€ongoing€litigation€involving€his€motherÏand€he€feels€it€would€be€hurtful€for€the€child€to€be€removedÏfrom€the€mother€at€this€time.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àThe€Court€is,€therefore,€of€the€opinion€that€[the€Father]Ïfailed€to€carry€the€burden€of€proof;€therefore,€there€will€be€noÏchange€of€custody.€Ð ` x` x ÐÌÓÓÌà@//ìàÔ&   ÔòòII.€€The€Change€of€Custody€IssueóóˆÐ à0  ÐÌà  àA€trial€courtððs€initial€award€of€custody€remains€ð ðsubject€to€such€changes€orÔ' à!TÔÏmodification€as€the€exigencies€of€the€case€may€require.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð36-6-101(a)(1)€(Supp.Ï1997).€€A€judgment€or€order€awarding€custody,€however,€ð ðis€òòres€judicataóó€as€to€the€facts€inÐ `° Ðexistence€at€the€time€of€the€award.ðð€€òòEberhartv.€Eberhartóó,€No.€03A01-9612-CV-00374,Ð @ Ð1997€WL€406378,€at€*2€(Tenn.€App.€July22,€1997).€€Accordingly,€a€party€seeking€to€changeÏthe€custodial€arrangement€bears€œthe›€burden€of€proving€that€a€material€change€inÏcircumstances€has€occurred€since€entry€of€the€initial€custody€decree.€€òòMusselmanv.€Acuffóó,Ð à0 Ð826€S.W.2d€920,€922€(Tenn.€App.€1991).ÌÌà  àIn€òòMusselmanv.€Acuffóó,€826€S.W.2d€920€(Tenn.€App.€1991),€this€court€set€forth€theÐ €%Ð # Ðstandard€of€review€in€custody€modification€proceedings:ÌÓÓà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àThe€scope€of€review€in€custody€cases€is€de€novo€uponÏthe€record€accompanied€by€a€presumption€of€correctness,Ïunless€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence€is€otherwise.€ÏòòHassv.€Knightonóó,€676€S.W.2d€554€(Tenn.€1984).€€TheÐ ,`'* Ðparamount€consideration€in€a€custody€proceeding€is€the€bestÏinterest€of€the€child.€€When€the€issue€before€the€Court€isÏwhether€to€modify€a€prior€custody€order,€it€need€not€repeat€theÏcomparative€fitness€analysis€that€is€appropriate€at€the€time€ofÏthe€original€custody€[decree].€€òòSee€e.g.óó,€òòBahv.€Bahóó,€668Ð À0,/ ÐS.W.2d€663€(Tenn.€App.€1983).€€Instead,€in€a€modificationÏproceeding,€the€trial€judge€must€find€a€material€change€inÏcircumstances€that€is€compelling€enough€to€warrant€theÏdramatic€remedy€of€changed€custody.€€òòSeeóó,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð €4Ð/3 Ððð36-6-101(a);€òòWoodardv.€Woodardóó,€783€S.W.2d€188€(Tenn.Ð p5À04 ÐApp.€1989);€òòDaileyv.€Daileyóó,€635€S.W.2d€391€(Tenn.€App.Ð `6°15 Ð1981).€€Moreover,€the€burden€is€on€the€non„custodial€parent€toÏprove€changed€circumstances.Ð ` x` x ÐÌÓÓòòMusselmanóó,€826€S.W.2d€at€922.Ð  :p59 Їà  àBecause€a€change€of€custody€is€considered€a€ð ðdrastic€legal€action,ðð€not€everyÏchange€in€circumstances€will€be€sufficiently€material€to€warrant€modification€of€a€priorÏcustody€decree.€€òòEberhartv.€Eberhartóó,€1997€WL€406378,€at€*2€(quoting€òòMusselmanv.Ð pÀ ÐAcuffóó,€826€S.W.2d€at€923).€€No€ð ðhard€and€fastðð€rule€exists€as€to€what€constitutes€changedÐ P   Ðcircumstances.€€òòDantzlerv.€Dantzleróó,€665€S.W.2d€385,€387€(Tenn.€App.€1983).€€The€partyÐ 0 € Ðseeking€a€change€of€custody,€however,€must€prove€that€ð ðsome€new€fact€has€occurredÏwhich€has€altered€the€circumstances€in€a€material€way€so€that€the€welfare€of€the€childÏrequires€a€change€of€custody.ðð€€òòGriffinv.€Stoneóó,€834€S.W.2d€300,€302€(Tenn.€App.€1992).€Ð Ð  ÐIn€order€to€be€compelling€enough€to€warrant€the€dramatic€remedy€of€changed€custody,€theÏchange€of€circumstances€must€œbe€such€that€ð ðcontinuation€of€the€adjudicated€custody€willÏsubstantially€harm€the€child.ðð€òòWall€v.€Wallóó,€907€S.W.2d€829,€834€(Tenn.€App.€1995).ñ„"ñ›ñ„"ññ„"ññ¸"ñ׃×ñ¸"ññ¸"ñ׃"×ñ¸"ñÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›ñ„"ñ€€WhenÐ pÀ Ðthe€requested€modification€is€based€on€the€behavior€of€the€custodial€parent,€such€behaviorÏmust€clearly€posit€or€cause€danger€to€the€mental€or€emotional€well„being€of€the€child.€ÏòòMusselmanv.€Acuffóó,€826€S.W.2d€at€924€(quoting€òòBallardv.€Ballardóó,€434€So.€2d€1357,€1360Ð ` Ð(Miss.€1983)).ÌÌà  àApplying€the€foregoing€standard,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€decision€to€deny€theÏFatherððs€petition€to€change€custody.€€Regarding€many€of€the€changes€in€circumstancesÏalleged€by€the€Father,€the€trial€court€found€that€the€Father€simply€failed€to€carry€his€burdenÏof€proof,€and€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€does€not€preponderate€against€such€a€finding.€ÏAlthough€Richard€Stacey€and€the€Mother€had€punished€Chandler€inappropriately€in€theÏpast,€the€evidence€showed€that€this€problem€had€been€œaddressed€and€largely›€œresolved›€byÏthe€time€of€trial.€€The€evidence€showed€that€both€parties€had€violated€the€temporary€orderððsÏprohibition€against€smoking€in€Chandlerððs€presence.€€œThe›€proof€failed€to€support€theÏFatherððs€contention€that€the€Mother€neglected€to€provide€Chandler€with€adequate€funds€toÐ °1-0 Ðbuy€lunches€and€other€needed€items€at€school,œ×ƒ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›€or€that€the€Mother€prevented€ChandlerÐ ° Ðfrom€returning€the€Fatherððs€telephone€calls.€ÌÌà  àWe€are€concerned,€however,€by€certain€events€which€were€proven€to€haveÏtranspired€since€entry€of€the€initial€custody€decree.€€The€record€contains€undisputedÏevidence€that€the€Mother€engaged€in€extramarital€affairs€which€contributed€to€the€failureÏof€her€marriage€to€Joe€Omedeo€and€the€resulting€loss€of€another€father€figure€in€ChandlerððsÏlife.€œThe›€Mother€additionally€admitted€that€she€had€involved€Chandler€in€custodyÏproceedings€by€discussing€the€proceedings€with€Chandler€and€telling€him€that€the€FatherÏwas€partly€to€blame€for€the€proceedingsðð€outcome.€€œBoth›€Dr.€Greenberg€and€the€GuardianÏAd€Litem€expressed€concerns€that€these€circumstances€had€harmed€Chandler.€ÌÌà  àNevertheless,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€refusal€to€change€custody.€€Although€Dr.ÏGreenberg€and€the€Guardian€Ad€Litem€agreed€that€the€foregoing€events€had€harmedÏChandler,€their€testimony€also€indicated€that€a€change€in€custody€would€not€necessarilyÏbenefit€Chandler€at€the€present€time.€€The€Guardian€Ad€Litem€did€not€believe€that€anÏimmediate€or€drastic€change€in€custody€or€visitation€would€be€in€Chandlerððs€best€interests.€ÏœDr.›€Greenberg€testified€that€Chandler€was€ð ða€happy€childðð€who€would€ð ðdo€well€in€eitherÏhomeðð€and,€further,€that€the€Motherððs€household,€despite€some€problems,€providedÏChandler€with€love€and€support.€€€When€given€the€opportunity,€Dr.€Greenberg€declined€toÏcharacterize€the€environment€in€the€Motherððs€home€as€an€unhealthy€one.€€œDr.›€GreenbergÏreported€that,€with€the€exception€of€stress€associated€with€the€custody€proceedings,ÏChandler€did€not€appear€to€be€experiencing€any€particular€ð ðtrauma,€duress€or€crisis€at€thisÏtime.ðð€ÌÌà  àWhile€we€do€not€wish€to€condone€the€type€of€behavior€which€may€have€precipitatedÏthis€litigation,€we€also€are€mindful€that€custody€decisions€should€not€be€designed€to€punishÐ p5À04 Ðone€parent€or€to€reward€the€other.€€òòWallv.€Wallóó,€907€S.W.2d€829,€834€(Tenn.€App.€1995).€Ð ° ÐInstead,€our€paramount€concern€remains€the€welfare€and€best€interest€of€the€minor€child.€ÏòòIn€re€Parsonsóó,€914€S.W.2d€889,€893€(Tenn.€App.€1995).€€In€the€absence€of€any€competentÐ pÀ Ðtestimony€that€a€continuation€of€the€current€custody€arrangement€presents€a€danger€ofÏœsubstantial€›harm€to€Chandler,€we€decline€to€disturb€the€trial€courtððs€decision€to€deny€aÏchange€of€custody.ñº"ñœ×ƒ&×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›ñº"ñÐ `  ÐÌà  àIn€affirming€the€trial€courtððs€decision,€we€also€feel€compelled€to€point€out€that€theÏFather€himself€played€a€role€in€some€of€the€events€which€he€contended€constitutedÏchanges€in€circumstances.€€The€Father€admitted€that€he€engaged€in€a€course€of€sexualÏconduct€with€the€Mother€which€only€could€have€undermined,€rather€than€preserved,€herÏmarriage€to€Joe€Omedeo.€€œMoreover,›€the€record€contains€evidence€that€the€FatherÏvoluntarily€involved€himself€in€the€Mississippi€custody€proceedings€whereby€the€Mother€lostÏcustody€of€Joey€Omedeo€and€Chandler€lost€the€companionship€of€his€only€brother.€ÌÌà  àIn€challenging€the€trial€courtððs€denial€of€his€petition,€the€Father€contends€that€the€trialÏcourt€erred€in€failing€to€place€greater€emphasis€on€the€Motherððs€veracity.€€œAt›€trial,€forÏexample,€the€Mother€admitted€that€she€had€been€dishonest€on€at€least€two€occasions,€onceÏwhen€she€lied€to€the€Guardian€Ad€Litem€about€Richard€Stacey€spending€the€night€in€herÏapartment€and,€again,€when€she€committed€perjury€in€the€Mississippi€custody€proceedingsÏinvolving€Joey€Omedeo.€Ð 0*€%( Їà  àWe€recognize€that€a€ð ðparentððs€honesty€reflects€on€his€or€her€fitness€to€be€a€goodÏcustodian.ðð€€òòGaskillv.€Gaskillóó,€936€S.W.2d€626,€634€(Tenn.€App.€1996).€€We€note,€however,Ð à Ðthat€this€character€trait€is€merely€one€of€the€factors€to€be€considered€by€the€trial€court€inÏmaking€its€custody€determination,€and€that€a€parentððs€veracity,€or€lack€thereof,€does€notÏnecessarily€control€the€outcome€of€a€custody€proceeding.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòRubinv.€Kirshneróó,€948Ð 0 € ÐS.W.2d€742,€746€(Tenn.€App.€1997);€òòStroudv.€Stroudóó,€No.€01A01-9607-CH-00291,€1997Ð `  ÐWL€266846,€at€*4€(Tenn.€App.€May21,€1997).€€We€also€note€that€the€trial€court€made€noÏnegative€findings€concerning€the€Motherððs€credibility€in€this€case.€€In€fact,€the€trial€courtððsÏfindings€suggest€just€the€opposite€because,€in€denying€the€Fatherððs€petition,€the€court€citedÏDr.€Greenbergððs€testimony€that€the€Mother€had€been€truthful€about€her€failures€toÏaccomplish€certain€therapy€goals.€ÌÌà  àAlthough€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€order€denying€the€Fatherððs€petition,€we€agree€thatÏChandlerððs€best€interests€require€the€continued€effectiveness€of€some€of€the€conditionsÏimposed€in€the€trial€courtððs€temporary€order.œ×ƒ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›€€Accordingly,€we€modify€the€trial€courtððs€finalÐ ð@ Ðorder€to€include€the€following€conditions:ÌÓÓà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à„à  àThe€parties€shall€call€Chandler€no€more€thanÐ °"  Ðonce€per€day€while€the€child€is€in€the€care€of€the€other€parent,Ïand€those€calls€should€be€placed€to€Chandler€between€theÏhours€of€œ7:00›€p.m.€and€œ8:00›€p.m.€€Missed€calls€to€the€child€willÏbe€returned€the€same€day€and€prior€to€the€childððs€bedtime.€€TheÏcalls€should€be€limited€in€length€so€as€not€to€interfere€with€theÏconsistency€of€the€childððs€evening€preparation€for€school€andÏbedtime.€€This€does€not€limit€letters,€post€cards,€cards,€orÏE-mail€to€the€child€from€either€parent.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à„à  àNeither€parent€is€to€discuss€the€other€parent€inÐ ,`'* ÐChandlerððs€listening€presence.€€To€the€extent€possible,€eachÏparent€is€to€prevent€other€family€members€or€friends€fromÏdiscussing€the€other€parent€in€Chandlerððs€listening€presence.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à„à  àNeither€parent€is€to€discuss€these€(or€any€other)Ð À0,/ Ðcustody€proceedings,€their€progress,€or€their€results€withÏChandler.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à„à  àNeither€parent€is€to€smoke€in€ChandlerððsÐ €4Ð/3 Ðpresence,€at€any€place€or€at€any€time,€whether€indoors€orÏotherwise.Ð ` x` x ÐÐ P7 26 Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à„à  àNeither€parent€is€to€have€an€adult€member€of€theÐ ° Ðopposite€sex€who€is€unrelated€to€that€parent€remain€in€theÏhome€with€Chandler€present€past€œ10:00›€p.m.€or€arrive€in€theÏhome€prior€to€Chandlerððs€breakfast.€Ð ` x` x ÐÌÓÓWe€also€modify€the€trial€courtððs€final€order€to€reinstate€the€visitation€schedule€set€forth€inÏthe€trial€courtððs€temporary€order,€which€provided€that€the€Father€ð ðshall€have€Chandler€everyÏother€weekend€from€Thursday€after€school€until€the€following€Monday€morning,€at€whichÏtime€the€Father€shall€deliver€Chandler€to€schoolðð€and€that,€on€œalternate›€weeks,€the€FatherÏð ðshall€have€Chandler€from€Thursday€after€school€and€overnight€until€the€next€morning€atÏwhich€time€the€Father€shall€deliver€Chandler€to€school.ðð€€œThe›€record€indicates€that€ChandlerÏhas€benefited€from€this€increased€visitation€time€with€the€Father.€ÌÌà@++ìàÔ&   ÔòòIII.€€Costs€and€Other€IssuesóóˆÐ `° ÐÌà  àOn€appeal,€the€Father€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€designating€the€feesÔ' `…ÔÏdue€to€the€Guardian€Ad€Litem€and€the€Attorney€Ad€Litem€as€costs€rather€than€as€childÏsupport.œ×ƒ!×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›€€œRule›€17.03€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Civil€Procedure€authorizes€the€trial€court,Ð à0 Ðin€its€discretion,€to€award€the€Guardian€Ad€Litem€a€reasonable€fee€for€her€services,€whichÏfee€is€ð ðto€be€taxed€as€costs.ðð€€T.R.C.P.€17.03.œ×ƒ@×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›€€We€have€found€no€authority,€and€the€FatherÐ  #ð! Ðhas€cited€no€authority,€which€permits€the€trial€court€to€designate€such€fees€as€child€supportÏrather€than€as€costs.€€The€authority€of€the€trial€court€to€order€a€party€to€make€child€supportÏpayments€is€statutory.€€òòSeeóó€òòBlackburnv.€Blackburnóó,€526€S.W.2d€463,€466€(Tenn.€1975);Ð @)$' Ðòòsee€alsoóó€òòTownerv.€Towneróó,€858€S.W.2d€888,€890€(Tenn.€1993);€òòPenlandv.€Penlandóó,€521Ð  +p&) ÐS.W.2d€222,€224€(Tenn.€1975);€òòNoblev.€Stubblefieldóó,€755€S.W.2d€454,€458€(Tenn.€App.Ð -P(+ Ð1988).€€In€the€absence€of€such€statutory€authority,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€properlyÏassessed€these€fees€as€costs.Ð À0,/ Їà  àThe€Mother€has€raised€issues€concerning€the€trial€courtððs€failure€to€award€herÏattorneyððs€fees€and€the€courtððs€assessment€of€one„half€of€the€costs€against€her.€€AlthoughÏthe€prevailing€party€in€a€civil€action€generally€is€entitled€to€an€award€of€costs€(òòseeóó€T.C.A.Ð pÀ Ððð20-12-101€(1994);€T.R.C.P.€œ54.04(1)),›€this€rule€is€not€absolute.€€The€assessment€of€costsÏlies€within€the€reasonable€discretion€of€the€trial€court,€and€the€court€may€apportion€costsÏbetween€the€parties€as€the€equities€of€each€case€demand.€€òòPerduev.€Green€Branch€MiningÐ `  ÐCo.óó,€837€S.W.2d€56,€60€(Tenn.€1992);€T.C.A.€ðð20-12-119€(1994);€T.R.C.P.€œ54.04(2).›Ð ð@  ÐÌà  àIn€this€case,€we€find€no€abuse€of€discretion€in€requiring€the€Mother€to€pay€one„halfÏof€the€costs€incurred€in€these€proceedings.€€We€recognize€that€the€Mother€was€theÏprevailing€party€below.€€The€testimony€of€both€Dr.€Greenberg€and€the€Guardian€Ad€Litem,Ïhowever,€reveals€that€the€Fatherððs€modification€petition€was€prompted€at€least€in€part€byÏlegitimate€concerns€for€Chandlerððs€welfare.€€Although€the€Father€ultimately€failed€to€meetÏhis€burden€of€proving€that€these€concerns€required€a€change€of€custody,€we€conclude€thatÏthe€trial€court€acted€within€its€equitable€discretion€in€requiring€each€of€the€parties€to€payÏone„half€of€the€costs.ÌÌà  àWe€likewise€conclude€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€denying€theÏMotherððs€request€for€an€award€of€attorneyððs€fees.€€The€Motherððs€request€for€attorneyððs€feesÏwas€governed€by€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€36-5-103(c),€which€authorizes€theÏtrial€court€to€award€attorneyððs€fees€to€a€party€who€successfully€pursues€or€defends€aÏchange€of€custody€petition.€€òòSeeóó€òòDv.€Kóó,€917€S.W.2d€682,€686€(Tenn.€App.€1995);€òòGaddyv.Ð ,`'* ÐGaddyóó,€861€S.W.2d€236,€241€(Tenn.€App.€1992);€òòAkinsv.€Akinsóó,€805€S.W.2d€377,€379„80Ð ð-@), Ð(Tenn.€App.€1990);€òòFenleyv.€Fenleyóó,€No.€03A01-9604-CH-00121,€1996€WL€469683,€at€*4Ð Ð/ +. Ð(Tenn.€App.€Aug.19,€1996).€€As€with€an€award€of€costs,€however,€a€prevailing€partyððs€rightÏto€an€award€of€attorneyððs€fees€under€this€section€is€not€absolute.€€òòDeasv.€Deasóó,€774Ð 3à.2 ÐS.W.2d€167,€169„70€(Tenn.€1989).€€Instead,€the€statute€provides€that€such€an€award€liesÏwithin€the€trial€courtððs€discretion.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð36-5-103(c)€(1996);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòSherrodv.Ð P7 26 ÐWixóó,€849€S.W.2d€780,€785€(Tenn.€App.€1992);€òòArcherv.€Archeróó,€907€S.W.2d€412,€419Ð 09€48 Ð(Tenn.€App.€1995);€òòBrewerv.€Breweróó,€869€S.W.2d€928,€936€(Tenn.€App.€1993);€òòFlorianv.Ð ° ÐEdenfieldóó,€No.€03A01-9406-CV-00217,€1996€WL€310018,€at€*5€(Tenn.€App.€June11,Ð à Ð1996).€€The€trial€courtððs€decision€to€award€or€deny€attorneyððs€fees€must€only€be€just€andÏequitable€under€the€circumstances€of€each€case.€€òòSherrodv.€Wixóó,€849€S.W.2d€œat›€œ785;›Ð P   ÐòòBjorkv.€Bjorkóó,€No.€01A01-9702-CV-00087,€1997€WL€653917,€at€*7€(Tenn.€App.€Oct.22,Ð 0 € Ð1997).€€As€with€the€trial€courtððs€assessment€of€costs,€we€conclude€that,€under€theÏcircumstances€of€this€case,€the€court€acted€within€its€equitable€discretion€in€denying€theÏMotherððs€request€for€attorneyððs€fees.ÌÌà@II#ìàÔ& € ÔòòIV.€€ConclusionóóˆÐ à ÐÌà  àAs€modified,€the€trial€courtððs€judgment€is€hereby€affirmed.€€Costs€of€this€appeal€areÏtaxed€to€theÔ'€ ˜Ô€Father,€for€which€execution€may€issue€if€œnecessary.Ô€ô±ÌôXX.TÔÔ€ô>nôôô±ÌÔÐ 0€ ÐÌÌÓÓà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð 0 € Ðóóà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àÔ€-ô±Ìôôô>nÔÔ€-X.TXô-ô±ÌÔHIGHERS,€J.Ð ø H ÐÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ x(È#' ÐCRAWFORD,€P.J.,€W.S.ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ (-x(, ÐFARMER,€J.›œñS#ñ€ñS#ññV#ññS#ñ(ñS#ññV#ññW#ñ(concurs€separñW#ññX#ññW#ñeatelyñW#ññX#ññY#ñately)ñY#ññT#ññS#ñcñS#ññT#ññV#ññT#ñCñT#ññU#ñonñU#ññV#ñ›