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WILLIAMC.KOCH,JR.,J.,joined. #`" PhillipC.Kellyand_Gwynn_ԀK.Smith,_Gallatin_,Tennessee,fortheappellant,RoyLee_Rippy_. $8 $ C.L.Rogers,_Gallatin_,Tennessee,fortheappellee,TimothyJ.Cook. &"&   OPINION  (#( FACTS p*%*   _Willetta_Ԁ_Bonita_Ԁ_Carnahan_ԀdiedawidowofseventeenyearsonDecember1,1997,attheage H,', ofeighty-fourleavingtwoproperlyexecutedandwitnessedwillsandtwopowersofattorney.The 4-(- firstwillafterherhusbandsdeathwasexecutedonApril4,1985,andthesecondwasexecutedon  December29,1993.AlimitedpowerofattorneywasexecutedonOctober20,1987,anda  unrestrictedpowerofattorneywasexecutedonDecember29,1993.Thedefendantofferedthe1993  willforprobateonJanuary2,1998.Theplaintifffiledacomplaintcontestingthevalidityofthe t latterwillonthegroundsofunsoundmindandundueinfluence. `   OnApril4,1985,Ms._Carnahan_Ԁexecutedawillstating: 8   X X?+ ` hp x X?Igive,devise,andbequeathtoTIMOTHYJASONCOOKofSimpsonCounty,  ` Kentuckyallmyproperty,real,personalandmixed,specificallyincludingmyfarm  L  ofapproximately115acreslocatednorthofPortland,Tennessee.  8  E+ ` hp x X EThisdeviseandbequeathtoTIMOTHYJASONCOOKismadebymetohonorthe   requestandwishexpressedbymybelovedlatehusband,EZRA_CARNAHAN_,   shortlypriortohisdeathonOctober23,1979.TIMOTHYJASONCOOKhas   farmedourlandsincehewasboyofapproximately14yearsandhasprovidedgreat   helpandcomforttomyselfandtomylatehusband. p  X XE+ ` hp x X EThe1985willwasdrawnbyattorneyJohnPhillips. H   Throughtheyearsafterherhusbandsdeath,Ms._Carnahan_shealthdeteriorated.She  p sufferedfromseveralhealthproblemsthatrequiredregularmedicalattention,occasionalhospital  \ andnursinghomestays,andhomehealthcare.Asherphysicalconditiondeteriorated,shebecame H increasinglydependentupontheplaintiffsfamily(the Cooks). 4   OnOctober20,1987,Ms._Carnahan_Ԁexecutedalimitedpowerofattorneynamingthe   plaintiffsmother,BeatriceCook,asherattorney-in-factforherhealthcare.Again,Ms._Carnahan_  chosetouseattorneyPhillipstodrawthelegaldocument.TheCooksandMs._Carnahan_Ԁwere  neighborsofoverfortyyearsandwereveryclosefriends.Ms._Carnahan_Ԁdidnothavechildrenor  anyclosefamilymembers.UpuntilthetimeofMs._Carnahan_sdeath,theplaintiffandhisfamily l devotedasignificantamountoftimetoherandperformedmanyservicesforher. X    WithouttheknowledgeoftheCooks,onDecember29,1993,Ms._Carnahan_Ԁexecuteda 0"  secondwillnamingthedefendantasthesolebeneficiary,orifhedidnotsurviveher,hisdaughter, #l! DeeAnna_Rippy_.Alsoonthatdate,sheexecutedanunrestrictedpowerofattorneynamingthe $X" defendantasherattorney-in-fact.ThedefendantsharecroppedtobaccoonMs._Carnahan_sfarmand $D # waspaidtomowherlawn.Thesecondwillwascontrarytoherdeceasedhusbandsexpressedwish, %0!$ Ms._Carnahan_ssubsequentaffirmationsofherintenttoleaveherestatetotheplaintiff,andtheyears &"% ofcare,friendship,anddevotionexhibitedbytheCooks. '#&   Thedefendantpersonallyrecommended,arrangedfor,anddroveMs._Carnahan_Ԁtoattorney )$( RobertTaylorinKentuckywhoultimatelydraftedthesecondwillandunrestrictedpowerofattorney |*%) infavorofthedefendant.AttorneyTaylordidnotknowMs._Carnahan_Ԁnordidsheknowhim. h+&* AttorneyTaylortestifiedinconsistentlyattrialregardingeventsconcerningthewillandfailedto  correctlyspellMs._Carnahan_snameinthewill.Thedefendantactuallytookpartincausingthe  1993willtobeobtainedandexecuted.    TheplaintiffpresentedlayandexperttestimonyincludingtestimonyfromMs._Carnahan_s ` regularphysicianwhotestifiedthatafter1992shewasunabletomanageheraffairsandcouldnot L  haveunderstoodorhavebeenreliablyassistedinpreparingawill.Testimonywasintroducedthat 8  Ms._Carnahan_Ԁsufferedfromseveralconditionsincluding,butnotlimitedto,dementia,poor $ t memory,forgetfulness,confusion,impairedthoughtprocesses,andaninabilitytodeterminetime.  ` Thedefendantmaintainsthatatalltimes,Ms._Carnahan_Ԁwaslucidandshowednosignsofconfusion  L  ordementia.  8    Theplaintiffandhisfamilywerenotawareofthesecondwillortheunrestrictedpowerof   attorneyinfavorofthedefendantuntil1996whenthedefendantinformedtheCooksoftheexistence   ofthedocuments.     Theplaintiffcontestedthe1993willonthegroundsofunsoundmindandundueinfluence. p Thejurymadespecialfindings: \  X X?+ ` hp x X?We,thejury,findthatRoyLee_Rippy_Ԁundulyinfluenced_Willetta_Ԁ_Bonita_Ԁ_Carnahan_, 4 deceased,inmakingthelastwillandtestamentonthe29> pԀth2 p>ԀdayofDecember1993.  p We,thejury,findthat_Willetta_Ԁ_Bonita_Ԁ_Carnahan_,deceased,wasnotofsoundand H disposingmindonthe294th24ԀdayofDecember1993whenshemadethelastwilland 4 testament.    X XE+ ` hp x X E  Becausethiscasewasheardbeforeajury,ourreviewisgovernedbytheprovisionofTenn.  R.App.P.13(d)that; [_f]indings_Ԁoffactbyajuryincivilactionsshallbesetasideonlyifthereis  nomaterialevidencetosupporttheverdict.    DISCUSSION X      Wefirstaddresstheissueofundueinfluence.Thesuspiciouscircumstancesfrequentlyrelied 0"  upontoestablishtheexistenceofundueinfluenceare:(1)theexistenceofaconfidentialrelationship #l! betweenthetestatorandthebeneficiary;(2)thetestatorsphysicalormentaldeterioration;(3)the $X" beneficiarysactiveinvolvementinprocuringthewillorconveyance.Fellv.Rambo,No.M1999 $D # 01039_COA_ԄR3CV,2000WL546260,at*9(Tenn.Ct.App.May5,2000)(citingInreElams %0!$ Estate,738S.W.2d169,173(Tenn.1987);Kellyv.Allen,558S.W.2d845,848(Tenn.1977); &"% _Taliaferro_Ԁv.Green,622S.W.2d829,83536(Tenn.Ct.App.1981)). '#&   Therewassubstantial,materialevidencethatallthreeofthesuspiciouscircumstanceswere )$( presenttosomeextent.However,thetrialjudgeinstructedthejuryonthepresumptionofundue |*%) influence.Thedefendantarguesonappealthatthetrialjudgeerredininstructingthejurythat,as h+&* amatteroflaw,aconfidentialrelationshipexistedbetweenthedefendantandMs._Carnahan_Ԁraising  a_rebuttable_Ԁpresumptionofundueinfluence.    In1993,Ms._Carnahan_Ԁexecutedadurable,unrestrictedpowerofattorneyinthenameofthe t defendant.Whilepriorlawrequiredthattheexistenceofaconfidentialrelationshipbeprovenby ` thepreponderanceoftheevidence,thesupremecourthasheldthatanunrestrictedpowerofattorney, L  inandofitself,createsaconfidentialrelationshipbetweenthepersongrantingthepowerandthe 8  personreceivingthepower._Matlock_Ԁv.Simpson,902S.W.2d384,386(Tenn.1995). $ t   Generally,aconfidentialrelationshipis anyrelationshipwhichgivesonepersondominion  L  andcontroloveranother.Mitchellv.Smith,779S.W.2d384,389(Tenn.Ct.App.1989)(citing  8  Kellyv.Allen,558S.W.2d845,848(Tenn.1977);Turnerv.Leathers,232S.W.2d269,271(Tenn. $  1950);Robertsv.Chase,166S.W.2d641,650(Tenn.Ct.App.1942)).Thejurywasinstructedthat   theunrestrictedpowerofattorneyinthenameofthedefendantcreatedaconfidentialrelationship   betweenthedefendantandMs._Carnahan_.Thepowerofattorneygavethedefendantunlimited   controlofallofMs._Carnahan_sbusinessandpersonalaffairsincludingcontrolofherpersonincase   ofsicknessordisability. p   ItiswellsettledlawinTennesseethatinthefaceof theexistenceofaconfidential H relationship,followedbyatransactionwhereinthedominantpartyreceivesabenefitfromtheother 4 party,apresumptionofundueinfluencearises,thatmayberebuttedonlybyclearandconvincing  p evidenceofthefairnessofthetransaction._Matlock_,902S.W.2dat386(citingRobertsv.Chase,  \ 166S.W.2d641(Tenn.Ct.App.1942);Richmondv.Christian,555S.W.2d105(Tenn.1977); H Hoganv.Cooper,619S.W.2d516(Tenn.1981);Brownv._Weik_,725S.W.2d938(Tenn.Ct.App. 4 1983);MatterofEstateof_Depriest_,733S.W.2d74(Tenn.Ct.App.1986);19A.L.R.3d575,596)).   Onthesamedatetheunlimitedpowerofattorneywasexecutedinfavorofthedefendant,Ms.   _Carnahan_Ԁexecutedalastwillandtestamentleavingherentireestatetothedefendant.Becauseof  theunrestrictedpowerofattorney,proofofthefairnessofthetransactionrestsuponthedefendant,  thedominantparty.Gordonv.Thornton,584S.W.2d655,658(Tenn.Ct.App.1979).Thejurywas  instructedthattheresultingconfidentialrelationshipthatexistedbetweenthedefendantandMs. l _Carnahan_Ԁshiftedtheburdenofprooftothedefendanttoprovebyclearandconvincingevidencethat X  thetransactionwasfair. D!   Thepresumptionofundueinfluencecanberebuttedtoshowfairnessofthetransactionwith #l! proofthatthedonorreceivedindependentadvice.Hoganv.Cooper,619S.W.2d516,519(Tenn. $X" 1981);Richmondv.Christian,555S.W.2d105,107-08(Tenn.1977).InTurnerv.Leather,the $D # SupremeCourtstatedthat independentadvicemeansthattheadvisermustnotonlybecompetent %0!$ butindependentandadequateproofofindependentadviceincludes: &"%  X X?+ ` hp x X?Properindependentadviceinthisconnectionmeansthatthedonorhadthe (#' [preliminary]benefitofconferringfullyandprivatelyuponthesubjectofhis )$( intendedgiftwithapersonwhowasnotonlycompetenttoinformhimcorrectlyas |*%) toitslegaleffect,butwhowasfurthermoresodisassociatedfromtheinterestsofthe h+&* doneeastobeinapositiontoadvisewiththedonorimpartiallyandconfidentlyas  totheconsequencestohimself...ofhisproposedbenefactions.   X XE+ ` hp x X EEstateofDavis,No.01A01-9803-PB-00157,1998WL832413,at*5(Tenn.Ct.App.Dec.3,1998) t (citingTurnerv.Leather,232S.W.2d269,271-72(Tenn.1950)). `   ThedefendantarguesthatMs.CarnahanreceivedindependentadvicefromattorneyTaylor, 8  thedrafterofthe1993willandpowerofattorney.Theeventsinthemakingofthe1993willand $ t powerofattorneyweresuspect.ThedefendantgaveMs.CarnahanattorneyTaylorsname,the  ` defendantmadetheappointmentforher,andthedefendantdrovehertohisoffice.Thedefendant  L  wasimpeachedattrialbecauseheprovidedincorrecttestimonyregardingwhathewasdoingatthe  8  timeMs.Carnahanwasmeetingwiththeattorney. $    InChildressv.Currie,anexceptiontotherulethatanunrestrictedpowerofattorneycreates   aconfidentialrelationshipwasmade.Childressv.Currie,No.W1999-00471-COA-R3-CV,2000   WL1035952,at*6(Tenn.Ct.App.May15,2000).Theundisputed,pertinentfactinChildress   whichledtotheexceptionwasthatthedefendanthadnoknowledgeofthepowerofattorneyuntil p afterexecutionofthewill.Id.at*4-5.Thepowerofattorneycouldnothavebeenexercisedwhen \ thewillwasexecutedwithoutsuchknowledge.Id.Therefore,whenthefactsandcircumstances H revealthattheattorney-in-factisunawareofanunrestrictedpowerofattorney,aconfidential 4 relationshipisnotpresumed.  p   Whetherornotthisexceptionisestablishedbytheproofisaquestionoffacttobedecided H bythejury.Thetrialcourtinstructedthejuryinpertinentpartasfollows: 4 8   ` Aconfidentialrelationshipexistswheneverthetrustandconfidenceofone   personisplacedinthehonestyandfaithfulnessofanother.    X X?+ ` hp x X? X XE+ ` hp x X E8   ` ThereisapresumptionthatthewilldatedDecember29,1993wasobtained  bytheundueinfluenceofRoyLeeRippybecausetheunrestrictedpowerofattorney l datedDecember29,1993namingRoyLeeRippyasattorney-in-factforWilletta X  BonitaCarnahan,inandofitself,createsaconfidentialrelationship.D!    X X?+ ` hp x X? ` ThispresumptionmaybeovercomeifRoyLeeRippyprovesbyclearand #l! convincingevidencethatthemakingofthewillwasnottheresultofundue $X" influence. $D # _ X XE+ ` hp x X E8   ` Indeterminingwhetherornotthepresumptionofundueinfluenceis &"% overcome,youmayconsiderthefactsandcircumstancesasyoufindthemtobe '#& surroundingthemakingofthepowerofattorney,andthefactsasyoufindthemto (#' beastowhenRoyLee_Rippy_Ԁknewofthepowerofattorney.)$(    X X?+ ` hp x X? |*%)  X XE+ ` hp x X E8   ` Anunrestrictedpowerofattorneycreatesaconfidentialrelationship.Anda   confidentialrelationship,followedbyatransactionwhereinthedominantparty  receivesabenefitfromtheotherparty,givesrisetoapresumptionofundueinfluence  thatmayberebuttedonlybyclearandconvincingevidenceofthefairnessofthe t transaction.`     #XXX(X#Themostseriousquestionpresentedonappealinvolvestheinstructiontothejuryrelative 8  toaconfidentialrelationshipcreatedbytheunlimitedpowerofattorney executedcontemporaneously $ t withthewillinfavorofRoyLee_Rippy_.Thejuryfindingofundueinfluencedoesnotdisclose  d whetherornotthejuryfoundaconfidentialrelationshiptoexistorsimplyheldthattheevidence  P  establishedundueinfluenceregardlessofaconfidentialrelationship.Thereisevidenceintherecord  <  fromwhichthejurycouldfindthatRoyLee_Rippy_Ԁknewaboutthecontemporaneous,unrestricted (  powerofattorneyatthetimethewillwasexecutedandthereisevidenceintherecordfromwhich   thejurycouldhavefoundthathedidnotknow.Thisisacredibilityquestionnotopentoreviewon   appealfromajuryverdict.     Thetrialcourtfirstchargedthejurythattheunrestrictedpowerofattorney,inandofitself,  t  createdaconfidentialrelationshipshiftingtheburdenofproofonundueinfluencetothedefendant ` toestablishbyclearandconvincingevidencethatthemakingofthewillwasnottheresultofundue L influence.Immediatelythereafter,thetrialcourtchargedthejurythatindeterminingwhether ornot 8 thispresumptionofundueinfluencehasbeenovercomebythedefendant,theymayconsiderthe (x surroundingcircumstancesincluding whenRoyLee_Rippy_Ԁknewofthepowerofattorney.Even d ifthisinstructioniserroneousunder_Childress_,sucherrorwouldbeharmlessinviewofthespecific P findingbythejurythatMs._Carnahan_Ԁwasofunsoundmindatthetimethewillwasexecuted.#^XX#XX^(XXXXThe < issueofundueinfluenceneednotbeaddressedwhentherehasbeenafindingbythejurythatthe ( deceasedwasincompetenttomakeawillatthetimeofexecution._Borenstein_Ԁv._Blumenfeld_,299  S.E.2d727,729(Ga.1983).    Thenextissueiswhetherfindingsofbothundueinfluenceandunsoundnessofmindarein  conflict.Specialfindingssuchasundueinfluenceandunsoundnessofmindarenotconflictingand t donotinvalidateageneralverdictdenyingthevalidityofawill.MatterofAndersonsEstate,196 `  Neb.787,246N.W.2d586(Neb.1976);_Borenstein_,299S.E.2dat729.Itwaspropertosubmitboth L! issuesofundueinfluenceandunsoundnessofmindtothejury.Ifeitherofthejuryfindingsofundue 8"  influenceorincompetencyissupportedbytheevidence,theinvalidityofthewillshouldbe $#t! sustained. $`"   Aproponentofawillwhohasbeenadjudged#(^X(Xv`#(XX(^#XXX(X`#)X> XXXԀ#)Z  X)X>e#)X> X )Z#XX X)X>e#byajuryguiltyofundueinfluenceshouldnot %8!$ beentitledtorecoverforhiscostsincurredintryingtoenforcethewillobtainedbyhisundue &$"% influence.Mitchellv.Smith,779S.W.2d384(Tenn.Ct.App.1989).#^XX5f#XX^(XXXXTheadjudicationofcostsis '#& inthebroaddiscretionofthetrialjudgeandis_reviewable_Ԁonlyformanifestabuse._Goodall_Ԁv. (#' Crawford,611S.W.2d602,607(Tenn.Ct.App.1980).Thetrialcourtdidnoterrinassessingcosts )$( againstthedefendantandinnotawardingthedefendantattorneysfees.#(^X(Xg#(XX(^#XXX(Xg#*Xɶ XXXԀ#*]  X*Xɶi#*Xɶ X *]#XX X*Xɶi#(XXXXԀWefindthatthejury *%) findingsofincompetencyandundueinfluenceshouldbesustained. p+&* Ї  CONCLUSION      Fromtheevidenceintherecordwefindthattherewassubstantial,materialevidenceto  supporttheverdictofthejurythatMs._Carnahan_ԀwasofunsoundmindonDecember29,1993,such t thatshelackedthecapacitytomakeawillonthatdate.Likewise,thereissubstantial,material ` evidencetosupportthefindingofthejurythatthe1993willwasprocuredbyundueinfluence L  exerciseduponherbythedefendant,RoyLee_Rippy_#(^X(X6j##^(^xj#XX^ . 8     Thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisinallrespectsaffirmedandcostsaretaxedagainstthe  d defendant.  P    Thecaseisremandedtothetrialcourtforthecollectionofcostsandsuchotherproceedings (  asaredeemedproper.      `     h   __________________________________________      `     h   WILLIAMB.CAIN,JUDGE