WPCvC `c"8fTp})Ӏ3p.KFMNm45$&ύ&˃Tg6-S3OpŠ(ȣߟ%XQg@DXЁ7zLZS( }ij7oZ,"+@gA4%^`_&P<& ZW0"H+΀]. :z+z'r-U;NyN -=$?w'=(Q@Le.9z1!jJTY9CaD'B <$ ֒И!<~/0QnrC @ 0  0 0 0 0 0x 0Q 0' 0 0! 0" 0a# 0B$ 0 %b% 0& 0& 0' 0( 0Q) 0* 00* 0<+ 0R+ 0>, 0vN, 0`, 0`$- 0`- 0`- 0`D. 08. 0. 02/ 0/ 0:0 0Y1 0_o1 0 1 0j2 0B4 B*5 D/5 06 D/7 07 068 08 0:9 0^: 0v: 0<a; AM;U6; B <U>=< 0{< D5= D-T= 0K=U*= AS=I> 0? 0D? A????@@HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 5e,,,,0i) (`$.8dd8    ("  Z6Times New Roman Regular~g):i+00 C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xU(#$  0  Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(hH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular ; R("$      2  XX  _=XX*,XXhXX*David#XX=~#Ԁ=XXClarkwasPlaintiffCarlClarkscousin. [ R("$      3  XX  _=XXMr.Clarkalsotestifiedthathedidnotlivewithhisfatherafterhismothersdeath,butlivedwithanuncle,   StinkClark,whoresidedonanadjoiningfarm.2J+M 0_level1  X 2( ` hp x 223  ..  5+ ` hp x 5   2G+M 0_level2   /%` ` hp x /23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5   r R("$      1  XX  _=XXThepossibleapplicationofTenn.CodeAnn.5414101,etseq.,thestatutoryprocedureforpetitioningfor  aprivateroadfromlandlockedparcels,wasnotraisedinthecourtbelow.2D+M 0_level3   ," hp x ,23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  2A+M 0_level4  ` ) hp x )23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  2>+M 0_level5   &hhp x &23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  2;+M 0_level6   #p x #23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  28+M 0_level7  h  p x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  25+M 0_level8   pp x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  22+M 0_level9    x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  2JM 0_levsl1  X 2( ` hp x 223  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  2GM 0_levsl2   /%` ` hp x /23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  2DM 0_levsl3   ," hp x ,23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  2AM 0_levsl4  ` ) hp x )23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  2>M 0_levsl5   &hhp x &23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  2;M 0_levsl6   #p x #23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  28M 0_levsl7  h  p x 23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  25M 0_levsl8   pp x 23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  22M 0_levsl9    x 23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  2JM 0_levnl1  X 2( ` hp x 223   5+ ` hp x 5  2GM 0_levnl2   /%` ` hp x /23   5+ ` hp x 5  2DM 0_levnl3   ," hp x ,23   5+ ` hp x 5  - -2AM 0_levnl4  ` ) hp x )23   5+ ` hp x 5  2>M 0_levnl5   &hhp x &23   5+ ` hp x 5  2;M 0_levnl6   #p x #23   5+ ` hp x 5  28M 0_levnl7  h  p x 23   5+ ` hp x 5  25M 0_levnl8   pp x 23   5+ ` hp x 5  22M 0_levnl9    x 23   5+ ` hp x 5  0.Normal<:Definition T<AA:Definition L , 5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 586Definition(''&H1   XXX   (&H2 XXX (&H3 XXX (&H4 XXX XXX(&H5 XXX (&H6 XXX 20Address8MM6Blockquote , , 5+ ` hp x 5   5+ ` hp x 5,*CITE,dl*CODEKU<6X9`(Courier NewKXXXSW\  `&Times New RomanS42Emphasis64Hyperlink    <:FollowedHype    4go2Keyboard KU<6X9`(Courier NewKXXXSW\  `&Times New RomanS <:Preformatted/%  ,Kk %#/KU<6X9`(Courier NewKXXXSW\  `&Times New RomanS/%  ,Kk %#/<:zBottom of 7J(X7  ?\%2A`Arial?  XXXSW\  `&Times New RomanS7Z(X7&  d dI)1dxd<:zTop of For7L(X7  ?\%2A`Arial?  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J XXN@   AppealfromtheChanceryCourtforLincolnCounty  p @E E No.11,113CharlesLee,SittingasChancellorbyInterchange  \ @*AV) ` dE<` A߈   @q q No.M199901271_COA_ԄR3CVFiledNovember9,_2000_Ԉ   AV) ` dE<` A    Thiscasearisesfromadisputebetweenneighborsovertheuseofanoldroadwhichconnected   Appellantslandlockedfarmtoapublicroadway.TheroadcrossedAppelleesproperty.After  Appelleeserectedalockedgateacrosstheoldroad,Appellantsoughtinjunctiverelieftopermit v accesstotheoldroad.Afteratrial,thecourtfoundthattheoldroadwasneverapublicroadandthat b noprescriptiveeasementexisted.Thecourtdeclinedtoprovidetherequestedrelief.Becausethe N evidencedoesnotpreponderateagainstthetrialcourtsfindings,weaffirm. :    Tenn.R.App.P.3AppealasofRight;JudgmentoftheChanceryCourt b AffirmedandRemandedtotheChanceryCourtforLincolnCounty  N PatriciaJ.Cottrell,J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichBenH._Cantrell_,_P.J._,M.S., & andWilliamB.Cain,J.,joined.  R.WhitneyStevens,Jr.,Fayetteville,Tennessee,fortheappellants,CarlD.ClarkandRichard  Whittle.  BarbaraG.Medley,_Lewisburg_,Tennessee,fortheappellees,RogerD._Lemley_ԀandBrendaDianne ^!  _Lemley_. J"! @66' OPINION  "$r# XXXX  #XXXX[ #Thiscasearisesfromadisputebetweenneighborsovertheuseofanoldroadconnecting %J!% AppellantCarlD.Clarkslandlockedfarmtoapublicroadway.  #  1      ׀Theroadcrossespropertyowned &6"& byAppelleesRogerD._Lemley_ԀandBrendaDianne_Lemley_.Afterthe_Lemleys_Ԁerectedalockedgate '"#' acrosstheoldroad,Mr.Clarksuedforinjunctiverelieftopermithisaccesstotheoldroad. ($(   )$)m   Mr.CarlClarkpurchasedhis132acre,landlockedfarmfromhisuncle,YaleClark,in1986.   XXXXDuringthislitigation,Mr.ClarktransferredhisinterestinthepropertytoRichardWhittle,whowas  thenaddedasapartytothisaction.ThedeedtransferringthepropertyfromMr.ClarktoMr.  WhittlewasrecordedonApril20,1999.#XXXX#Ԁ t   The_Lemleys_Ԁboughttheiradjoiningtractin1991.Theirdeedcontainsnomentionofan L  easement. 8    TheroadatissueoriginateswhereWiseRoad,apublichighway,meetsthe_Lemleys_  ` property.Itcrossesthe_Lemleys_land,runsthroughtotheClarkproperty,andterminatesatahouse  L  there.Asitrunsacrossthe_Lemleys_land,theoldroadisunpavedandovergrownwithbrush.It  8  crossesoveratleastonestreambed.ItistheonlyroadconnectingtheClarkpropertytoapublic $  highway.However,theClarkfarmmayalsobeaccessedbycrossinglandonanotherneighbors   property.     Atthetimehepurchasedtheproperty,Mr.ClarkwasworkingintheoilfieldsofAfricaand   returnedhomeonlyonceayear.Hisschedulechangedin1990andhevisitedmorefrequently.He p usedtheoldroadtoaccesshislandandtomovefarmequipment.Afterhisretirementin1994,Mr. \ Clarkspentmoretimeonthefarm. H   In1995,Mr.Clarkdiscoveredthatagateonthe_Lemleys_propertywhichblockedtheold  p roadwaslocked.HeaskedMr._Lemley_Ԁforakeytothegate,andMr._Lemley_Ԁobliged.Several  \ weekslater,Mr._Lemley_Ԁchangedthelock.WhenMr.Clarkaskedaboutit,Mr._Lemley_Ԁresponded H that hewasntallowedbackthere.Mr.Clarkofferedtobuyarightofway,butMr._Lemley_ 4 refused.     Mr.Clarkthencommencedtheunderlyingaction,seekinganinjunctiontoallowhimaccess  totheoldroad.ThecomplaintallegedthattheoldroadwassimplyanextensionofWiseHollow  Road,apublicroadway,andthaterectionofthegateviolatedTenn.CodeAnn.5410110,which  prohibitstheobstructionofpublichighways.Mr.Clarkalsoclaimedthathepossessedaneasement l allowinghimtousetheoldroadandarighttousetheroadthroughadversepossession.Asnoted, X  afterMr.Whittlepurchasedtheproperty,hejoinedinthisaction. D!   Thecasewastriedtothecourt.ThefirstwitnesswasSueBarnes,whohadresidedonthe #l! Clarktractfrom1938to1948.Shetestifiedthatvehicles,suchasgrocerydeliverytrucks,visitors $X" vehicles,andmilktrucks,usedtheoldroadtoaccessherfamilysfarm.Shestatedthatthese $D # vehiclesusedtheroadacrosswhatisnowthe_Lemleys_propertyandsheneversoughtpermission %0!$ forthedeliverytruckorthemilktrucktousetheroad,butshedidnotknowifherfatherhad. &"%   Mr.ClarkandMr.WhittlealsocalledMrs.Barnessister,JosieTally,whotestifiedthatshe (#' toohadlivedonwhatisnowtheClarkpropertyfor13or14yearsbeginningin1937andsaw )$( vehiclescomingandgoingfromherfamilysfarmontheoldroad.Shetestifiedthattherewas |*%) alwaysawirerunningacrosstheroad,whichwouldbeunhookedand_refastened_Ԁforvehiclespassing h+&* through.Shestatedthatherfamilydidnotownacarortruckatthetime,buttheoldroadwasthe  onlywaymotorvehiclescouldreachthefarm.    DavidRoscoeClark,sonofYaleClark,whosoldPlaintiffClarkhisproperty,  #  2      ׀testifiedthat t hisfatherboughtthelandin1951.DavidClarktestifiedthathelivedonthepropertyfromage1to ` 5,whenhisparentsdivorced,andoffandonfromage14,whenhismotherdied,to1986.|  #  3      ׀David L  Clarktestifiedthathe,hisfather,andothersusedtheoldroadtoaccessthepropertyandthathe 8  neverhadtohavepermissiontousetheroad.HealsorecalledthattheCountyhadmaintainedthe $ t roadthroughwhatisnowthe_Lemleys_propertyandhisfatherhelpedtomaintaintheportionofthe  ` roadcrossingtheClarkpropertybyfillinginrutsandclearingbushes.  L    CarlClarktestifiedthatpriorownersofthe_Lemleys_landlockedthegateandblockedthe $  road,butMr.Clarkhadalwaysmanagedtogetakey.Mr.Clarktestifiedthatthe_Lemleys_Ԁhadgiven   himakey,butthenchangedthelock,andrefusedtogivehimanotherkey.Mr.Clarkclaimedthat   thisshutdownhisfarmingoperation.     Mr.Whittletestifiedthathecouldreachhislandbycrossinganadjoiningfarm withgreat p difficulty.Hestated, ifitsdrierweatheryoucangetinwithatruck,ifyoureverycareful,but \ theonlywaytogetahay_baler_Ԁtohispropertywasovertheoldroad.Heclaimedthatheintended H tomakethetracthishome.Mr.Whittlestatedthatthepurposeofhislawsuitwastogetaccessto 4 hispropertythroughanyroadway.  p   The_Lemleys_ԀcalledFlorence_Hamlin_,whohadlivedonthe_Lemleys_propertyfrom1951to H 1984.ShetestifiedthatherhusbandgaveMr.Clarksunclepermissiontousetheroad.Shealso 4 testifiedthatshedidnotrecallseeinganymilktrucksorcarsdrivenbyDavidClarkontheoldroad.     ThedefensenextcalledTullyBeavers,whorentedwhatisnowthe_Lemleys_propertyfor  overayearatsomeunspecifiedtimebeforethe_Lemleys_Ԁboughtit.Hetestifiedthathekeptcattle  onthepropertyandstrengthenedthegatewithbarbedwireandlockeditaftersomeonefailedtolatch  itbackandhiscowsgotloose.HedidnotremembergivingMr.Clarkakeyanddidnotliveonthe l land. X    Mr._Lemley_ԀtestifiedthathefirstmetMr.ClarkwhenoneofMr.Clarksdogscameontohis 0"  property.HecaughtitandcalledMr.Clark,whoretrievedit.Twoyearslater,Mr.Clark #l! purportedlyaskedforakeytoopenthegatesoamemberofhisfamilyfromFloridawhoownedthe $X" propertycouldviewit.Mr._Lemley_ԀtestifiedthatMr.Clarkneverreturnedthekey,andthreeweeks $D # later,whilehaulinghayontheoldroad,Mr.ClarkgotstuckinMr._Lemley_sfrontyardandmade %0!$ amess.WhenMr._Lemley_ԀlearnedthatMr.Clark,ratherthantheladyfromFlorida,ownedthe &"% property,itangeredhimandhechangedthelockshortlythereafter.HeexplainedthatMr.Clark   hadliedaboutthewholesituationandhewasntgoingbackthere...hewantedtoknowwhyI  changedthelockandItoldhimwhathehaddonetomyyardandwhathehaddonetomydriveway  andabouthimlyingandItoldhimhewasntcomingthrough. t   Afterhearingtheevidence,thetrialcourtdeniedtherequestforaninjunction.Thetrialcourt L  determinedthattheportionoftheoldroadwhichcrossedthe_Lemley_spropertyhadneverbeena 8  publicroad,whichmeantthattherewasnoprivateeasement.Thetrialcourtalsofoundthatno $ t prescriptiveeasementarosebecausetheprioruseoftheroadwasnotadverse,butpermissive.This  ` appealensued.  L  @ I.StandardofReview $    Asapreliminarymatter,weturntotheapplicablestandardofreview.Becausethisisan   appealfromadecisionmadebythecourtfollowingabenchtrial,thestandardsetforthinTenn.R.   App.P.13(d)governsourreview.Thus,wemustexaminetherecorddenovoandpresumethatthe   findingsoffactarecorrect"unlessthepreponderanceoftheevidenceisotherwise."Tenn.R.App. p P.13(d).Furthermore,greatweightmustbegiventothefactualfindingsmadebythetrialcourtthat \ restondeterminationsofcredibility.SeeRandolphv.Randolph,937S.W.2d815,819(Tenn.1996). H Thepresumptionofcorrectnessrequiresustoacceptthetrialcourt'sfindingsoffactunlessthe 4 aggregateweightoftheevidencedemonstratesthatafindingoffactotherthantheonefoundbythe  p trialcourtismoreprobablytrue.SeeEstateofHaynesv.Braden,835S.W.2d19,20(Tenn.Ct.App.  \ 1992)(holdingthatanappellatecourtisboundtorespectatrialcourt'sfindingsifitcannot H determinethattheevidencepreponderatesotherwise).Fortheevidencetopreponderateagainsta 4 trialcourt'sfindingoffact,itmustsupportanotherfindingoffactwithgreaterconvincingeffect.See   TheRealtyShop,Inc.v.RRWestminsterHolding,Inc.,7S.W.3d581,596(_Tenn.Ct.App_.1999).   Questionsoflawreceiveplenaryreview.SeeMalone&HydeFood_Servs_.v.Parson,642S.W.2d  157,159(Tenn.Ct.App.1982)  @hhII.DedicationbyImplication l   Mr.ClarkandMr.Whittlearguethatthesectionoftheoldroadcrossingthe_Lemleys_ D! propertybecameapublicroadwayunderthedoctrineofdedicationbyimplication,andblockingit 0"  wasillegal.f  #  4      ׀Theymaintainthatthetrialcourterredinfindingthattheoldroadhadneverbeena #l! publicroadway,assertingthatthecourtfailedtoproperlyconsiderDavidClarkstestimonythathe $X" usedtheroadoffandonfrom1951to1968andthatthecountymaintainedtheroadthroughthe $D # _Lemleys_property.TheyassertthatthefactthattheroadendedattheClarkpropertyisimmaterial %0!$ towhetheritwasapublicroadasitranthroughthe_Lemley_Ԁpropertyandarguethatthetestimony  thatgroceryvansandmilktrucksusedtheroadunimpededforanextendedperiodisproofofa  dedication(asapublicroad)byimplication.    Toestablishthatanownerofpropertyimpliedlydedicatedaroadwaythereontothepublic, ` "theremustbeproofoffactsfromwhichitpositivelyandunequivocallyappearsthattheowner L  intendedtopermanentlypartwithhispropertyandvestitinthepublic,andthattherecanbenoother 8  reasonableexplanationofhisconduct."_McKinney_Ԁv.Duncan,121Tenn.265,271,118_S.W._Ԁ683,684 $ t (Tenn.1909).UnderTennesseelaw:  ` 8  "[_W]hen_Ԁaroadrunsacrossprivateproperty,andisusedbythepublicasacommon  8  road,withoutinterruptionfor50years,theowneracquiescinginsuchuse,thelaw $  willpresumeadedicationforsuchpurpose."[_Woolard_Ԁv._Clymer_],35_S.W._Ԁat1088.   "Indeed,fromlonguse,withoutobjectionoftheowner,itmaybeinferredor   presumedthatsuchuseandenjoymenthadalegalorigin."Colev._Dych_,535S.W.2d   at319.Animplieddedicationdoesnotdependonusebythepublicforanydefinite   periodoftime;"butitoughttobeforsuchalengthoftimethatthepublic p accommodationandprivaterightsmightbemateriallyaffectedbyaninterruptionof \ theenjoyment."Scottv.State,33Tenn.629at633(1854).H   Sandersv.Mansfield,No.01A019705CH00222,1998WL57532at*2(Tenn.Ct.App.Feb.13,  p 1998)(noTenn.R.App.P.11applicationfiled).Apublicroadhasgenerallybeendefinedtobea  \ wayopentoallpeople,withoutdistinction,forpassageand_repassage_Ԁattheirpleasure.SeeCole_v._ H _Dych_,535S.W.2d315,318(Tenn.1976)(citingSumnerCountyv._Interurban_ԀTransp.Co.,141 4 Tenn.493,213_S.W._Ԁ412(1918)).Factorstobeconsideredindeterminingthatadedicationby   implicationhasoccurredincludeshowingsthatthelandowneropenedtheroadtopublictraveland   acquiescedintheuseoftheroadasapublicroad,andthatthepublicusedtheroadforanextended  periodoftime.SeeTownofBentonv.PeoplesBankofPolkCounty,904S.W.2d598,602(Tenn.  Ct.App.1995).    Havingreviewedtherecord,wecannotsaythattheevidencepreponderatesagainstthetrial X  courtsfindingthattheoldroadwasneverapublicroad.Wefindnoevidencethatthe_Lemleys_Ԁor D! theirpredecessorsintendedtodedicatethelandtoapublicuse,theparamountquestionontheissue 0"  ofdedicationbyimplication.AlthoughDavidClarktestifiedthatherecalledthatthecounty #l! maintainedtheoldroad onupintotheLemleysproperty,thewomanwholivedonthatproperty $X" from1951to1984testifiedthat wehadallthegatesfastenedfromourhouseplumbbacktothat $D # hollow.Shealsotestifiedthatshedidnotseevehiclesusetheoldroadwithoutherhusbands %0!$ permission.ThetrialjudgeclearlyaccordedmoreweighttotheneighborstestimonythantoDavid &"% Clarks."Wherethetrialjudgehasseenandheardwitnesses,especiallywhereissuesofcredibility '#& andweightoforaltestimonyareinvolved,onreviewconsiderabledeferencemuststillbeaccorded (#' tothosecircumstances."Humphreyv.DavidWitherspoon,Inc.,734S.W.2d315,31516(Tenn. )$(  1987).Further,theuseoftheroadbydeliveryandmilktruckstoaccessonefamilyshousewasnot |*%) eOa e e  sufficienttoshowthattheownerintendedtodedicatetheroadtoapublicuse;suchvehiclesuse  privatedrivewaysaswellaspublicroads.     @III.PrescriptiveEasement t   Mr.ClarkandMr.Whittlearguethateveniftheoldroadwasneverapublicthoroughfare, L  aprescriptiveeasementwascreatedbytheopen,adverse,andcontinuoususeoftheroadfrom1937 8  untilatleast1968bytheClarkfamilyanditspredecessorininterest,whichwassufficienttocreate $ t aprescriptiveeasement.Theyassertthatsuchuse,fortwentyyears,createsaprescriptiveeasement.  `   Aprescriptiveeasementisanimpliedeasementthatispremisedontheuseoftheproperty  8  ratherthanlanguageinadeed.Aprescriptiveeasementariseswhenaperson,actingunderan $  adverseclaimofright,makescontinuous,uninterrupted,open,visibleandexclusiveuseofanother's   propertyforatleasttwentyyearswiththeowner'sknowledgeandacquiescence.SeeBradleyv.   McLeod,984S.W.2d929,935(Tenn.Ct.App.1998);_Pevear_Ԁv.Hunt,924S.W.2d114,115-116   (Tenn.Ct.App.1996).Thepartyassertingaclaimofprescriptiveeasementbearstheburdenof   provingtheseelements.SeeMcCammonv.Meredith,830S.W.2d577,580(Tenn.Ct.App.1991); p Fitev.Gassaway,27Tenn.App.692,701,184S.W.2d564,567(1944).8 @ Continuityofuseforthe \ requisitetwenty-yearperiodmaybeestablishedbytackingfromtheuseofpredecessorsintitle.See H StarEnterprisev.Warner,No.01A01-9502-CH00036,1995WL381652at*6(Tenn.Ct.App. 4 June28,1995)(noTenn.R.App.P.11applicationfiled).  p   TheundisputedtestimonyofMrs.Hamlindemonstratesthatfrom1951until1984,theuse H oftheoldroadwaspermissiveandnotadverseasisrequiredtoestablishaprescriptiveeasement. 4 Mrs.Hamlindeniedthat trafficcameinandoutbyherhousetogobackintotheClarkproperty   whilesheresidedontheLemleyproperty.Shespecificallytestifiedthatherhusbandgave   permissiontousetheroadtoMr.Clarkspredecessorintitle.Mr.ClarkandMr.Whittleborethe  burdenofprovingtheexistenceofaprescriptiveeasementbyclearandpositiveproof.See  McCammonv.Meredith,830S.W.2dat580.InlightofMrs.Hamlinstestimonyandthestandard  ofreview,whichfavorsthetrialcourtsfactualfindings,wecannotsaythattheevidence l preponderatesagainstthetrialcourtsimplicitdeterminationthattheydidnotsatisfythatburden. X  @rr#IV.Conclusion 0"    Accordingly,thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisaffirmed.Thiscaseisremandedforany $X" furtherproceedingswhichmaybenecessary.CostsofthisappealaretaxedtoMr.ClarkandMr. $D # Whittle,forwhichexecutionmayissueifnecessary. %0!$    `     h     _________________________________ )$(    `     h     PATRICIAJ.COTTRELL,JUDGE |*%)