ÿWPCJ 3ÀZÀÿËNù„­Ùþ?³ëé×q!NÙ”(ÄÝÁàHgDwøè-‘Üù±ú×l[ õsò&™L´oÈo¬{]NÌ$é’ù™Æ×=´soÈ÷ÿp—dû‹³¸ÈwºþÛNZÓ«*zéç¶97Àº¼öÕáDÞÞü÷¼I˜Z ˆƒNsÏÇ’ËfÈ“ÖE½€å’Žä ™:kh-i9×GÛ~5á!§qA{V=•jÕ~üM#f<¥Ž ód.«;Â6êD¼WƒH8ˆðëÐð[´¢2&Q`J᯿u¼ÓÁcºís7»ÕG„f,ºL'–´ù»ì8o' G…O0U&-€ ínB:ŸÀéüÄÎ^À-~ÔÊb;l¬ÓŸÆ×C¸oÿJw”H¦4/ x ÕÃI¶|ÚRCW*Ð ÿæè¹^º5ùϾæÊ6!³”oÈ•ôÈÌ2õàmIû=³…\+•¡Þ/8ê©Å© ƒ: ó}§ýŽÓ­‡˜¾›‰þ£ó¢p/õ~ƒÒ8C¡Ÿ!]+*]„¡åã±ÆÛŸ«\5GªÑ—|d_ð±³^Ê…iU ò8 ̾e6š˜8üŠ…PÓú×nùÕ"ÙÜŽÖØ<Ò·_¹šm.¯@¾~‰êb %\^ b 0ˆnUNöwD4H\ zkÒå· m¹ #ÁÐ 1‡‘ Æ ÆÞ Ƥ Æj 720Nb 1ud 72ÙE  0c  1‡p 72÷ 1‡) 72° 1‡â 72i 1‡› 72" 1‡T 72Û 1‡  72” 0DÆUN FXmž !!!77b???????????????????????????????????? 0ëGGGG B22 0¤O D3ó D-& 0KSS ASžÆñ 0¤· 0D[ A«Ÿ» |o) (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular-vn)1'¯¡ œ3|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 5eÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0(нCEKQW]cioAutoList1A:A:A:A:A:A:A:A:Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 A:3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à(š½CEKQW]cioAutoList2A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.(ª½CEKQW]cioAutoList3A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.(º½CEKQW]cioAutoList4A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.(ʽCEKQW]cioAutoList5A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.(Ú½CEKQW]cioAutoList6A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A. A.(ê½CEKQW]cioAutoList7A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A."A.(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular <Ý ƒRv0$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¦Eò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAfter€Ms.€Gober€recounted€this€comment,€the€trial€judge€and€the€witness€had€the€following€colloquy:Ð H Ðà8  àThe€Court:€Is€that€the€way€he€talks€to€women?Ð ÄÐ Ð  Ðà  àThe€Witness:€Well,€no,€not€all€the€time,€but,€you€know,€Carlos€is€just€ð!ðРЈ Ðà  àThe€Court:€I€donððt€know€Carlos,€so€Iððm€asking€you.Ð ”L Ðà  àThe€Witness:€I€mean,€thatððs€just€Carlosðð€nature.Ð X Ðà  àThe€Court:€Well,€did€that€offend€you?Ð Ô Ðà  àThe€Witness:€Did€it€offend€me?Ð à˜ Ðà  àThe€Court:€Yeah.Ð ¤\ Ðà  àThe€Witness:€No. cÝ ƒRv0$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¦Eò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€XBÁXòô¦EÔIn€response€to€Fatherððs€assertion€that€he€could€not€afford€health€insurance€for€his€children,Ð ° Ðthe€trial€judge€observed€that€he€came€to€court€wearing€expensive€gold€jewelry.€€€ Ñ H Ñ Ñ ° Ñ - ù-(|G2v0$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¦Eò»»Ô d(|3?_$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3?_$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼ »»»ÔÑ8€BÁXXdì»»d8ÑÑ  ÑÑ€(?LÑÑ€)OYÑà@ü ü ìàÔ‡îL ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼ »îîL.#ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓSeptember€8,€2000€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XBÁX»¼ ÔÌò òÔ#†¼ »XXBÁ#ÔANGELINA€ROSE€Ô_ÔKEELEÔ_Ô€(Ô_ÔACOSTAÔ_Ô„DELGADO)€CLIFTONòòóó€v.€CARLOSÐ úJ ÐÔ_ÔACOSTAÔ_Ô„DELGADOòòóóÔ‡XBÁX»¼ Ôó óÐ  ^ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAn€Appeal€as€of€Right€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Davidson€CountyÐ  ^ Ðà@@øøìàNo.€93D„3662€€€€€€Muriel€Robinson,€JudgeÐ ú J ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<½` AßÐ ¾  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2000„00253„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV€„€Filed€November€15,€Ô_Ô2000Ô_ÔÐ ¹  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<` AßÐ ‘á  Ðó óÌÓ  Óà  àThis€is€a€post„divorce€child€custody€dispute.€€The€mother€filed€a€petition€to€regain€custodyÐ ŒÜ Ðof€the€partiesðð€three€children€after€she€had€entered€into€an€agreed€order€in€1995€granting€custody€toÐ xÈ Ðthe€defendant€father.€€After€hearing€testimony€on,€òòinter€aliaóó,€the€father€driving€while€intoxicated€withÐ d´ Ðthe€children€in€the€car€with€him,€the€trial€court€found€a€material€change€in€circumstances,€grantedÐ P  Ðcustody€to€the€mother,€and€ordered€the€father€to€pay€child€support.€€The€father€appeals,€arguing€thatÐ <Œ Ðthere€was€not€a€material€change€in€circumstances€sufficient€to€warrant€a€change€in€custody,€that€€theÐ (x Ðtrial€court€inappropriately€considered€his€child€support€arrearage€prior€to€the€1995€agreed€order,€andÐ d Ðthat€the€trial€court€miscalculated€his€income,€resulting€in€an€unreasonably€high€child€support€award.€Ð P ÐWe€affirm,€finding€a€material€change€in€circumstances€warranting€a€change€in€custody,€and€findingÐ ì< Ðthat€the€evidence€does€not€preponderate€against€the€award€of€child€support.€Ð Ø( Ѐ¹ÓtÓò òÔ_ÔTenn.R.App.P.Ô_Ô€3;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€is€Affirmed.ó óÐ ° ÐòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼ »àXBÁ##ÔÔ‡XBÁX.¼ ÔHolly€Kirby€Lillard,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòBen€H.€Ô_ÔCantrellÔ_Ô,óó€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_Ô,Ð œì ÐM.S.,and€òòóóWòòilliam€B.€Cain,€J.óó,€joined.Ð ˆØ ÐÌJohn€M.€Cannon,€Ô_ÔGoodlettsvilleÔ_Ô,€Tennessee€for€Appellant,€Carlos€Ô_ÔAcostaÔ_Ô„DelgadoÐ `!°  ÐÌStephanie€C.€Ô_ÔHatchettÔ_Ô,€Nashville,€Tennessee€for€the€Appellee,€Angelina€Rose€Ô_ÔKeeleÔ_Ô€(Ô_ÔAcostaÔ_Ô„Ð 8#ˆ" ÐDelgado)€CliftonÐ $$t# ÐÓÁ ÓÌò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼ »XXBÁð #ÔÔ‡XBÁX»¼ ÔÐ ü%L!% ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼ »XXBÁé #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XBÁX»¼ ÔÓ Óà  àIn€this€post„divorce€child€custody€case,€Angelina€Rose€Ô_ÔKeeleÔ_Ô€(Ô_ÔAcostaÔ_Ô„Delgado)€CliftonÐ Ô'$#' Ð("Mother")€sought€to€regain€custody€of€the€partiesðð€three€boys€from€their€father,€Carlos€Ô_ÔAcostaÔ_Ô„Ð À($( ÐDelgado€("Father").€€Mother€and€Father€were€divorced€on€January€11,€1994,€on€the€grounds€ofÐ ¬)ü$) Ðirreconcilable€differences.€€At€the€time€of€trial€in€January€2000,€the€oldest€child,€Jason,€was€ten€yearsÐ ˜*è%* Ðold,€and€the€two€younger€boys,€twins€Joshua€and€Justin,€were€nine€years€oldò òó ó.€€Under€the€MaritalÐ „+Ô&+ ÐDissolution€Agreement€signed€by€the€parties,€Mother€was€granted€primary€physical€custody€of€allÐ p,À', Ðthree€boys,€with€Father€having€visitation€rights€every€other€weekend.€€The€Marital€DissolutionÐ \-¬(-ý ÐAgreement€provided€that€the€Father€was€obligated€to€pay€$115.00€per€week€to€Mother€as€childÐ ° Ðsupport.€Ð œì Ðà  àA€year€later,€on€January€9,€1995,€Mother€and€Father€signed€an€agreed€order€modifying€theirÐ tÄ ÐMarital€Dissolution€Agreement.€€The€agreed€order€granted€primary€physical€custody€to€Father,Ð `° Ðgranted€visitation€rights€to€Mother€every€Thursday€evening€and€every€other€weekend,€and€providedÐ L œ Ðthat€Mother€would€pay€child€support€to€Father€in€the€amount€of€$49.22€per€week.€€The€agreed€orderÐ 8 ˆ Ðstated€that€"the€parties'€[sic]€have€agreed€that€both€parties€are€fit€and€proper€persons€to€have€custodyÐ $ t Ðand€control€of€the€three€minor€children€.€.€.€."Ð  ` Ðà  àOn€March€16,€1999,€Mother€filed€a€petition€seeking€emergency€custody€of€the€three€children.€Ð è 8  ÐIn€her€petition,€Mother€asserted€that€Father€used€alcohol€excessively,€had€been€arrested€for€drivingÐ Ô$  Ðunder€the€influence€while€the€children€were€in€the€car€with€him,€had€female€companions€that€wereÐ À  Ðan€unhealthy€influence€on€the€children,€and€was€an€habitual€user€of€cocaine€and€other€illegal€drugs.€Ð ¬ü  ÐMother€also€contended€that€Father€had€regularly€denied€her€visitation€with€the€children,€that€heÐ ˜è  Ðshowed€undue€favoritism€to€the€older€child,€Jason,€over€the€younger€twins,€that€he€allowed€Jason€toÐ „Ô  Ðphysically€assault€the€younger€twins,€and€that€he€refused€to€seek€counseling€for€€Jason€despite€theÐ pÀ Ðfact€that,€on€occasion,€Jason€had€choked€the€younger€children.€€Mother€also€argued€that€the€children'sÐ \¬ Ðschool€grades€had€declined€as€a€result€of€Father's€custody.€€Mother€sought€emergency€custody€andÐ H˜ Ðpermanent€custody,€asked€the€trial€court€to€find€Father€in€civil€or€criminal€contempt€for€violating€theÐ 4„ Ðagreed€visitation€schedule,€and€sought€a€judgment€for€past„due€child€support.€€Ð  p Ðà  àAfter€finding€that€Father€was€indigent,€the€trial€court€appointed€counsel€to€represent€FatherÐ øH Ðwith€regard€to€the€criminal€contempt€charges.€€Because€the€€appointed€attorney€could€not€representÐ ä4 ÐFather€with€regard€to€the€civil€contempt€charge,€the€issues€were€bifurcated€for€hearing€by€the€trialÐ Ð  Ðcourt.€€Mother€later€amended€her€petition€to€drop€the€charge€of€civil€contempt.€€The€disposition€ofÐ ¼  Ðthe€criminal€contempt€charge€against€Father€is€not€in€the€record€before€this€Court.Ð ¨ø Ðà  àOn€July€12,€1999,€Father€filed€a€petition€for€contempt€against€Mother€for€failure€to€pay€childÐ €Ð Ðsupport€according€to€the€1995€agreed€order.€€The€petition€asserted€that,€as€of€May€3,€1999,€MotherÐ l¼ Ðowed€Father€$11,074.50€in€child€support.€€Mother€filed€a€response€stating€that€she€and€Father€hadÐ X ¨ Ðagreed€that€she€would€not€pay€the€weekly€child€support€under€the€agreed€order.€€Nevertheless,€onÐ D!” ÐOctober€28,€1999,€Mother€was€sentenced€to€thirty€days€incarceration€for€her€failure€to€pay€childÐ 0"€  Ðsupport.€€On€October€29,€the€trial€court€entered€an€agreed€order€stating€that€Mother€would€be€releasedÐ #l! Ðfrom€jail€upon€her€deposit€of€$6,242.59€into€the€Circuit€Court€Clerkððs€office.€€The€money€was€paid,Ð $X" Ðand€Mother€was€released€that€day.€ò òó óÐ ô$D # ÐÔ‡%XBÁXXXBÁÔà  àThe€hearing€on€Motherððs€petition€for€custody€was€held€on€January€11,€2000.€€At€the€outsetÐ Ì&"% Ðof€the€hearing,€Mother€testified€in€response€to€questions,€from€the€attorneys€as€well€as€from€the€trialÐ ¸'#& Ðcourt,€about€the€reason€why€she€agreed€to€transfer€physical€custody€of€the€boys€to€Father€in€1995.€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐMother€testified€that,€before€the€parties€separated,€she€stayed€at€home€with€the€children€and€did€notÐ )à$( Ðwork€outside€the€home.€€After€Mother€moved€out€with€the€children,€she€said€she€had€great€difficultiesÐ |*Ì%) Ðworking€and€getting€the€children€to€day€care.€€Although€the€divorce€decree€in€January€1994€providedÐ h+¸&* ÐÑ(?LÑâ (âÑH°Ñâ (âÑ  Ñthat€Father€would€pay€$115€per€week€in€child€support,€Mother€stated€that€Father€refused€to€pay€it.Ð H ÐShe€asserted€that€Father€ð ðcontinually€harassedðð€her€at€her€job,€and€that€she€was€fired€as€a€result€ofÐ 4ì Ðhis€harassment.€€Mother€testified€that,€after€losing€her€job,€she€was€unable€to€financially€support€theÐ  Ø Ðchildren€and€had€no€money€to€hire€an€attorney€to€enforce€the€child€support€order.€€Consequently,€inÐ  Ä ÐJanuary€1995,€she€agreed€to€a€consent€order€granting€physical€custody€of€the€boys€to€Father.Ð ø° Ðà  àThe€January€1995€order€provided€that€Mother€would€pay€Father€child€support€in€the€amountРЈ Ðof€$49.22€per€week.€€Mother€testified€that€she€and€Father€orally€agreed€that€Mother€would€not€payÐ ¼ t Ðthe€child€support€listed€in€the€January€1995€order€because€of€Fatherððs€child€support€arrearage.€Ð ¨ ` ÐNevertheless,€when€Mother€filed€her€petition€to€change€custody,€Father€responded€by€filing€a€petitionÐ ” L  Ðfor€contempt,€claiming€Mother€had€not€paid€child€support€as€required€under€the€January€1995€order.€Ð € 8  ÐMother€was€jailed,€and€was€released€after€she€paid€the€alleged€arrearage.€Ð l $  Ðà  àMother€then€testified€regarding€Fatherððs€interference€with€her€visitation,€as€well€as€his€vileÐ Dü  Ðlanguage€and€behavior€toward€the€boys€and€in€their€presence.€€She€described€Father€sending€her€onÐ 0è  Ðð ðwild€goose€chasesðð€to€Murfreesboro€and€other€locations,€purportedly€to€pick€up€the€children.€€WhenÐ Ô  ÐMother€called€to€ask€that€the€boys€be€ready€when€she€got€there,€Father€responded€in€the€boysððÐ À Ðpresence€that€they€would€be€there€with€their€ð ðdick€in€their€hand.ðð€€She€asserted€that€Father€favoredÐ ô¬ Ðthe€oldest€son,€Jason,€permitting€him€to€play€basketball€while€not€allowing€the€twins€to€play,Ð à˜ Ðencouraging€Jason€to€fight€with€the€twins,€calling€the€twins€ð ðfaggots€.€.€.€dumb„aððs€.€.€.[and]€sissyÐ Ì„ Ðgirls,ðð€and€mocking€the€boysðð€speech€impediments.€Ð ¸p Ðà  àMother€testified€that,€since€the€January€1995€consent€order,€she€has€remarried,€and€that€sheÐ H Ðand€her€husband,€Van€Clifton,€have€a€two„year„old€daughter.€Mother€stated€that€if€she€were€awardedÐ |4 Ðcustody,€she€would€stay€at€home€with€the€children.€€She€stated€that€she€and€her€husband€do€not€drinkÐ h  Ðalcohol€or€take€drugs,€and€that€she€would€seek€counseling€for€the€boys€if€she€were€awarded€custody.€Ð T  ÐShe€maintained€that€her€husband€was€a€good€stepparent.€€Ð @ø Ðà  àMotherððs€testimony€regarding€Fatherððs€language€and€behavior€in€the€presence€of€the€childrenÐ Ð Ðwas€corroborated€by€other€witnesses,€including€Father.€€Motherððs€sister,€Carrie€Ô_ÔGoberÔ_Ô,€was€declaredÐ ¼ Ða€hostile€witness€in€her€examination€by€Motherððs€counsel,€because€she€remained€friends€with€FatherÐ ð¨ Ðand€often€visited€him€during€periods€of€time€in€which€Ms.€Ô_ÔGoberÔ_Ô€and€Mother€were€estranged.€€SheÐ Ü” Ðconfirmed€that€Father€called€the€boys€names€like€ð ðÔ_ÔdumbassÔ_Ôðð€and€asked€girlfriends€to€ð ðsuck€his€dickðð׃&×Ý ƒ$#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð È €  Ðwithin€earshot€of€the€children.€€She€testified€that€Father€laughed€about€sending€Mother€on€a€ð ðwildÐ ´!l! Ðâ âgoose€chase,ðð€telling€Mother€that€the€children€were€in€Murfreesboro€when€they€were€not.€€Ms.€Ô_ÔGoberÔ_ÔÐ  "X" ÐÑ)OYÑâ )âѰHÑâ )âÑ  Ñstated€that€she€had€seen€Father€use€cocaine€on€more€than€one€occasion€since€he€had€taken€custodyÐ ° Ðof€the€boys.Ð œì Ðâ âà  àMrs.€Ô_ÔGoberÔ_Ôððs€son€Troy€also€testified,€confirming€that€he€had€heard€Father€make€sexualÐ tÄ Ðcomments€about€women€in€the€boysðð€presence€and€that€he€had€heard€Father€call€the€boys€ð ðsissy,€littleÐ `° Ðgirl,€faggotðð€and€that€Father€would€grab€the€boys€by€their€heads€and€jerk€them.Ð L œ Ðà  àThere€was€considerable€testimony€regarding€Fatherððs€excessive€drinking€and€incidents€inÐ $ t Ðwhich€he€drove€intoxicated€with€the€children€in€the€car€with€him.€€Ms.€Ô_ÔGoberÔ_Ô€testified€that€she€hadÐ  ` Ðseen€Father€ð ðobviously€drunkðð€in€the€presence€of€the€partiesðð€children,€and€had€on€occasion€drivenÐ ü L  Ðthe€children€herself€because€Father€was€ð ðtoo€drunk€to€drive€them,ðð€and€that€she€had€seen€Father€driveÐ è 8  Ðthe€children€while€under€the€influence€of€alcohol.€€In€his€testimony,€Father€admitted€that€he€had€beenÐ Ô$  Ðarrested€three€times€for€driving€under€the€influence€of€alcohol.€€The€first€arrest€occurred€in€1985,Ð À  Ðprior€to€the€partiesðð€divorce,€and€was€later€dismissed.€€Ô#†XBÁXX%XBÁ? #ÔFatherððs€second€arrest€occurred€in€FebruaryÐ ¬ü  Ð1997€in€Wilson€County€for€driving€under€the€influence,€child€endangerment,€and€resisting€arrest.€Ð ˜è  ÐThe€indictment€following€that€arrest€indicates€that€Father€had€his€three€children€and€another€childÐ „Ô  Ðin€the€car€with€him€when€he€was€arrested.€€The€child€endangerment€charge€was€later€dropped,€andÐ pÀ ÐFather€pled€guilty€to€driving€under€the€influence€and€resisting€arrest.Ô‡%XBÁXXXBÁÔÐ \¬ ÐÔ#†XBÁXX%XBÁg:#Ôà  àFatherððs€third€arrest€occurred€in€Davidson€County€on€April€10,€1999.€€During€the€trial€courtððsÐ 4„ Ðhearing,€two€police€officers,€the€partiesðð€oldest€son,€and€Motherððs€thirteen„year„old€nephew€testifiedÐ  p Ðas€to€the€events€of€that€night.€€Father,€his€three€sons,€and€the€thirteen„year„old€nephew€spent€theÐ  \ Ðevening€at€a€bowling€alley.€€The€first€police€officer€was€working€off„duty€as€a€security€guard€at€theÐ øH Ðbowling€alley.€€He€testified€that€the€night€of€the€arrest€was€the€second€time€in€two€weeks€that€he€hadÐ ä4 Ðseen€Father€drinking€and€acting€in€a€belligerent€manner.€€On€the€night€in€question,€Father€let€theÐ Ð  Ðchildren€bowl€while€he€was€drinking€in€the€bar.€€After€some€time€had€passed,€the€four€childrenÐ ¼  Ðstopped€bowling€and€came€into€the€bar.€€The€police€officer€told€Father€that€the€children€were€notÐ ¨ø Ðallowed€in€the€bar.€€Father€reacted€in€a€belligerent€fashion€and€did€not€immediately€remove€theÐ ”ä Ðchildren€from€the€bar.€€The€nephew€testified€that€Father€said€that€he€was€ð ðgoing€to€smack€thatÐ €Ð ÐððÔ_ÔMFððingÔ_Ô€copðð€when€the€officer€told€him€to€remove€the€children€from€the€bar.€€The€nephew€statedÐ l¼ Ðthat,€as€Father€and€the€children€left€the€bowling€alley,€Father€said€ð ðIððm€going€to€run€over€these€pigs.ððÐ X ¨ ÐThe€police€officer€working€as€the€security€guard€called€the€police€to€prevent€Father€from€leaving€theÐ D!” Ðbowling€alley€with€the€children€in€the€car.€€After€Father€got€into€the€car€to€drive,€with€the€childrenÐ 0"€  Ðin€the€car,€the€nephew€testified€that€Father€ð ðburned€outðð€and€ð ðsped€around€the€bowling€alleyðð€beforeÐ #l! Ðbeing€stopped€by€a€police€car€with€its€lights€on.€€The€police€officer€then€administered€field€sobrietyÐ $X" Ðtests€and€arrested€Father.€€The€nephew€testified€that,€at€this€point,€Father€began€ð ðjerking€away€andÐ ô$D # Ðfightingðð€the€arresting€officers,€so€one€of€them€ð ðslammed€him€down€and€put€the€cuffs€behind€hisÐ à%0!$ Ðback.ðð€€Father€later€registered€a€blood„alcohol€content€of€.22.€€The€boys€stayed€that€night€withÐ Ì&"% ÐCrystal,€a€sixteen€year€old€girl€who€worked€at€the€bowling€alley.€The€nephew€testified€that,€whenÐ ¸'#& ÐFather€returned€home€the€next€morning€from€jail,€ð ðhe€had€an€open€beer€in€his€hand€and€was€drinkingÐ ¤(ô#' Ðâ âit.ðð€Ð )à$( ÐÔ‡%XBÁXXXBÁÔà  àFather€testified€that€he€served€the€required€jail€time€and€was€on€probation€as€of€the€date€ofÐ ° Ðâ âthe€hearing.€€He€asserted€that€he€had€not€had€anything€to€drink€for€over€eight€months€prior€to€theÐ œì Ðhearing,€and€attended€Alcoholics€Anonymous€meetings€once€a€week€as€required€under€the€terms€ofÐ ˆØ Ðhis€probation.Ð tÄ Ðà  àFather€asserted€that€Motherððs€husband,€Van€Clifton,€physically€mistreated€the€children€whenÐ L œ Ðthey€were€at€Motherððs€home.€€The€testimony€was€disputed€regarding€incidents€at€Motherððs€home.€Ð 8 ˆ ÐThe€parties€oldest€son,€Jason,€testified€that€Mr.€Clifton€once€kicked€him€in€the€back,€causing€him€toÐ $ t Ðfall€down€several€steps.€€On€cross„examination,€Jason€acknowledged€that€he,€Jason,€had€beenÐ  ` Ðslapping€his€younger€brother,€and€when€Mr.€Clifton€attempted€to€stop€Jason,€Jason€ran€from€him.€Ð ü L  ÐJason€also€testified€that,€on€another€occasion,€Mr.€Clifton€spanked€him€with€a€yardstick,€breakingÐ è 8  Ðit€in€half.€€Jason€acknowledged€that€Father€disciplines€the€boys€by€spanking€them€with€a€belt.€€Mr.Ð Ô$  ÐClifton€also€testified€about€these€events.€€He€testified€that€he€did€not€kick€Jason€down€the€steps.€€HeÐ À  Ðsaid€that€he€looked€out€the€window€and€ð ðJason€had€one€of€his€brothers€up€in€the€corner€on€the€deckÐ ¬ü  Ðkicking€him€like€youððd€punt€a€football.ðð€€When€Mr.€Clifton€came€out€to€stop€the€altercation,€thatÐ ˜è  ÐJason€ran€from€him€and€tripped€going€down€the€stairs€to€the€deck.€€Mr.€Clifton€acknowledgedÐ „Ô  Ðspanking€Jason€with€a€yardstick€but€said€that€he€is€a€transplant€patient€and€must€limit€his€physicalÐ pÀ Ðactivities.Ð \¬ Ðà  àFather€testified€that€he€was€involved€at€the€childrenððs€school€and€helped€them€with€theirÐ 4„ Ðhomework.€€The€principal€at€the€boysðð€school,€Patty€Evans,€testified€that€she€saw€Father€daily€andÐ  p Ðthat€he€regularly€attended€meetings€regarding€the€children.€€Ms.€Evans€said€that€the€boysðð€gradesÐ  \ Ðwere€usually€good€and€that€their€attendance€was€average.€€Both€Ms.€Evans€and€the€boysðð€specialÐ øH Ðeducation€teacher€testified€that€Father€was€an€involved,€supportive€parent€and€that€the€boys€seemedÐ ä4 Ðhappy€to€see€him.€€In€her€testimony,€Mother€acknowledged€that€ð ðwhen€[the€childrenððs]€daddyððs€sober,Ð Ð  ÐI€donððt€doubt€that€heððs€a€good€father.ðð€€Ð ¼  Ðà  àAt€the€hearing,€there€was€also€testimony€on€both€partiesðð€allegations€regarding€child€supportÐ ”ä ÐÔ_ÔarrearagesÔ_Ô,€as€well€as€Fatherððs€income.€€Father€testified€that€he€is€self„employed,€doing€painting€and€Ð €Ð Ðremodeling.€€During€Fatherððs€direct€examination,€the€trial€judge€questioned€him€regarding€hisÐ l¼ Ðincome:Ð X ¨ ÐÔ#†XBÁXX%XBÁE#Ôà8  àBy€Mr.€Cannon€[attorney€for€Father]:Ð0"€ Ð Ð  ÐÓ€ (š½83ÓØ! !ØÝ"‚3£"ÝÝ  ÝÓ Óà8  àà ` àÝ‚3£wRÝÔ2š½ÔÚ  ÚQÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ Ð Ð àÝ  ÝWhat€is€your€gross€annual€income?Ø! !ØÝƒ3£wRÐRÝŒÐ$X"¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ€ (ª½88ÓÝ"‚3£"ÝÝ  Ýà8  àà ` àÝ‚3£7TÝÔ2ª½ÔÚ  ÚAÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ Ð Ð àÝ  ÝI€havenððt€had€ð!ð€being€self„employed€I€havenððt€really€had€a€grossÐ ô$D # Ðbecause€Iððm€getting€started.€€Since€I€filed€taxes€it€was€almost€$10,000Ð à%0!$ Ðlast€year€and€the€year€before€also.݃3£7T|TÝŒÐÌ&"%¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ€ (º½88ÓØ! !ØÝ"‚3£"ÝÝ  Ýà8  àà ` àÝ‚3£¢VÝÔ2º½ÔÚ  ÚQÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ Ð Ð àÝ  ÝThatððs€$10,000€that€you€actually€made?݃3£¢VçV݌и'#&¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐŒÝ  ÝØ! !ØÓ€ (ʽ88ÓÝ"‚3£"ÝÝ  Ýà8  àà ` àÝ‚3£VXÝÔ2ʽÔÚ  ÚAÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ Ð Ð àÝ  ÝA€year,€right.݃3£VX›X݌Ф(ô#'¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ€ (Ú½88ÓØ! !ØÝ"‚3£"ÝÝ  Ýà8  àà ` àÝ‚3£ïYÝÔ2Ú½ÔÚ  ÚQÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ Ð Ð àÝ  ÝOver€and€above€your€cost€and€expenses?݃3£ïY4ZÝŒÐ)à$(¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐŒÝ  ÝØ! !ØÓ€ "(ê½88 ÓÝ"‚3£"ÝÝ  Ýà8  àà ` àÝ‚3£ [ÝÔ2ê½ÔÚ  ÚAÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ Ð Ð àÝ  ÝRight.݃3£ [å[ÝŒÐ|*Ì%)¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐŒÝ  ÝÐ  h+¸&* Ðà8  àTHE€COURT:€€Thatððs€ridiculous.аРР Ðà8  àTHE€WITNESS:€€Thatððs€what€it€is.МìÐ Ð  Ðà8  àTHE€COURT:€€Then€I€can€impute€$25,000.ЈØÐ Ð  Ðà8  à*€*€*ÐtÄÐ Ð  Ðà8  àTHE€COURT:€€He€doesnððt€keep€records?Ð`°Ð Ð  Ðà8  àTHE€WITNESS:€€I€donððt€have€records.€€I€filed€ð!ð€it€was€about€$10,000.ÐL œÐ Ð  Ðà8  àTHE€COURT:€€Thatððs€what€you€filed€on€but€that€doesnððt€mean€thatððs€what€you€make.Ð8 ˆÐ Ð  Ðà8  àTHE€WITNESS:€€Thatððs€what€I€made.Ð$ tÐ Ð  Ðà8  àTHE€COURT:€€Wait€a€minute.€€You€donððt€want€me€to€think€that€you€are€not€aÐ  ` Ðcredible€witness€because€here€you€have€three€children€that€you€have€supported€andÐ ü L  Ðpaid€rent€and€done€all€this€stuff€ð!ðÐè 8 Ð Ð  Ðà8  àTHE€WITNESS:€€I€have€worked€for€the€landlord€and€he€knocks€my€rent€off€and€IÐ Ô$  Ðdidnððt€file€that.ÐÀ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àTHE€COURT:€€Will€you€be€quiet€and€let€me€make€a€statement[?]Ьü Ð Ð  Ðà8  àTHE€WITNESS:€€Okay.Иè Ð Ð  Ðà8  àTHE€COURT:€€If€you€donððt€show€that€you€have€sufficient€income€to€support€theÐ „Ô  Ðchildren,€then€we€might€as€well€stop€this€right€now.€€And€if€youððre€going€to€tell€meÐ pÀ Ðall€you€make€is€$10,000,€then€we€might€as€well€stop€the€case€right€now€becauseÐ \¬ Ðyouððre€not€ð!ð€youððre€not€ð!ð€youððre€not€financially€able€to€care€for€three€children.ÐH˜Ð Ð  Ðà8  àTHE€WITNESS:€€Well,€I€didnððt€consider€the€rent€that€Iððm€not€paying€because€he€ð!ðÐ 4„ ÐI€pay€650€a€month€for€my€rent.€€I€do€ð!ð€I€paint€an€apartment€for€him€and€heððll€knockÐ  p Ða€month€ð!ð€that€pays€my€rent.€€He€owns€like€25€houses€and€duplexes.€€Every€time€IÐ  \ Ðpaint€one,€he€knocks€off€ð!ðÐøHÐ Ð  Ðà8  àTHE€COURT:€€Give€me€a€straight€answer€on€your€income,€sir.€€Mr.€Cannon,€did€youÐ ä4 Ðgo€over€ð!ð€this€is€very€crucial€ð!ðÐÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àTHE€WITNESS:€€Iððd€say€25,000€a€year.м Ð Ð  Ðà8  àTHE€COURT:€€Sir,€you€need€to€be€quiet€while€the€Courtððs€talking.€€Thatððs€part€ofÐ ¨ø Ðyour€problem€here.€€You€donððt€respect€those€that€try€to€help€you€out€in€any€way.ДäÐ Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àNow,€as€his€lawyer,€I€want€you€[Mr.€Cannon]€to€develop€his€finances€here,Ð €Ð Ðbecause€if€heððs€going€to€tell€me€he€makes€on€10,000€a€year,€I€cannot€vest€custody€ofÐ l¼ Ðthese€children€back€with€him.ÐX ¨Ð Ð  ÐÌÓ Óà  àAfter€the€hearing,€the€trial€court€observed€that,€at€the€time€of€the€January€1995€orderÐ 0"€  Ðtransferring€custody€from€Mother€to€Father,€had€the€trial€court€known€the€circumstances,€it€wouldÐ #l! Ðhave€been€ð ðvery€hesitant€about€changing€custodyðð€and€found€that€the€consent€order€in€January€1995Ð $X" Ðð ðwas€probably€a€mistake.ðð€€She€faulted€Mother€for€agreeing€to€change€custody,€knowing€of€FatherððsÐ ô$D # Ðdrinking€habits,€instead€of€having€the€child€support€provision€of€the€original€divorce€decree€enforced.€Ð à%0!$ ÐCiting€Fatherððs€excessive€drinking,€use€of€drugs,€Ô_ÔDUIÔ_Ô€arrests,€foul€language€and€disrespectfulÐ Ì&"% Ðbehavior,€the€trial€court€awarded€custody€to€Mother.€€Father€was€ordered€to€attend€parenting€classesÐ ¸'#& Ðfor€four€months.€€He€also€was€enjoined€from€drinking€alcohol€while€he€has€the€children,€fromÐ ¤(ô#' Ðtransporting€the€children€in€a€car€while€under€the€influence€of€alcohol€or€any€other€intoxicant,€andÐ )à$( Ðfrom€using€foul€or€disrespectful€language€in€the€childrenððs€presence.€€Mother€was€awarded€$127.62Ð |*Ì%) Ðper€week€in€child€support.€€As€to€the€past€Ô_ÔarrearagesÔ_Ô,€the€trial€court€found€that€Mother€owed€FatherÐ h+¸&* Ð$4,740€in€child€support€Ô_ÔarrearagesÔ_Ô,€and€Father€owed€Mother€$5,287.62€in€child€support€Ô_ÔarrearagesÔ_Ô.€Ð ° ÐConsequently,€the€offset€sum€of€$547.62€was€awarded€to€Mother.€€From€this€order,€Father€nowÐ œì Ðappeals.€€à ` àÐ ˆØ Ðà  àOn€appeal,€Father€raises€three€principal€issues.€€He€argues€first€that€the€trial€court€erred€whenÐ `° Ðit€considered€circumstances€prior€to€the€1995€agreed€order€in€deciding€to€grant€custody€to€Mother.€Ð L œ ÐSecond,€Father€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€finding€a€sufficient€material€change€inÐ 8 ˆ Ðcircumstances€to€justify€the€modification€of€the€agreed€order€and€award€custody€to€Mother.€€Lastly,Ð $ t ÐFather€argues€that€the€trial€court€miscalculated€his€annual€income,€resulting€in€an€unreasonably€highÐ  ` Ðaward€of€child€support.€Ð ü L  Ðà  àAs€in€all€child€custody€cases,€we€review€the€trial€courtððs€decisions€òòde€novoóó€upon€the€recordÐ Ô$  Ðbefore€this€Court,€accompanied€by€a€presumption€of€correctness€in€the€trial€courtððs€factual€findings.€Ð À  Ðò òòòSee€Ô_ÔHassÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔKnightonÔ_Ôó óóó,€676€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€554,€555€(Tenn.€1984);€ò òòòWhitaker€v.€Whitakeró óóó,€957€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€834,Ð ¬ü  Ð838€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1997).€€In€child€custody€cases,€the€welfare€and€best€interests€of€the€children€areÐ ˜è  Ðthe€paramount€concerns.€€ò òòòWhitakeró óóó,€957€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€at€837;€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„6„106€(1996).€€TheÐ „Ô  Ðdetermination€of€the€childrenððs€best€interests€must€turn€on€the€particular€facts€of€each€case.€€ò òòòSeeÐ pÀ ÐTaylor€v.€Tayloró óóó,€849€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€319,€326€(Tenn.€1993);€ò òòòIn€re€Parsonsó óóó,€914€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€889,€893€(Tenn.Ð \¬ ÐCt.€App.€1995).€€Ð H˜ Ðà  àFatherððs€first€argument€is€based€upon€the€doctrine€of€òòres€judicataóó.€€He€argues€that€òòres€judicataóóÐ  p Ðshould€bar€the€trial€court€from€considering€any€of€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€January€1995Ð  \ Ðagreed€order€changing€custody€to€Father,€and€points€to€statements€€by€the€trial€judge€characterizing€Ð øH Ðthe€agreed€order€as€a€ð ðmistake.ðð€Ð ä4 Ðà  àWhen€an€order€is€issued€granting€custody€of€children€to€one€parent€over€the€other,€that€decreeÐ ¼  Ðis€òòres€judicataóó€and€is€conclusive€as€to€the€issues€in€question€at€the€time€the€order€is€issued.€€ò òòòSee€DoddÐ ¨ø Ðv.€Doddó óóó,€737€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€286,€290€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1987),ò òòò€ó óappealed€on€other€grounds€after€remandóó,Ð ”ä Ð1991€WL€10970€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Feb.€5,€1991);€ò òòòWalker€v.€Walkeró óóó,€656€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€11,€16€(Tenn.€Ct.Ð €Ð ÐApp.€1983)ò òòòó óóó.€€A€decree€granting€custody,€then,€should€not€be€disturbed€ð ðunless€some€new€fact€hasÐ l¼ Ðoccurred€which€has€altered€the€circumstances€in€a€material€way€so€that€the€welfare€of€the€childÐ X ¨ Ðrequires€a€change€in€custody.ðð€€ò òòòDoddó óóó,€737€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€at€290.Ð D!” Ðà  àThe€doctrine€of€òòres€judicataóó€is€a€principle€of€claim€preclusion€that€promotes€finality€inÐ #l! Ðlitigation.€€ò òòòSee€Lien€v.€Couchó óóó,€993€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€53,€55€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1998).€€€òòRes€judicataóó€bars€ð ðaÐ $X" Ðsecond€suit€between€the€same€parties€.€.€.€on€the€same€cause€of€action€with€respect€to€all€the€issuesÐ ô$D # Ðwhich€were€or€could€have€been€litigated€in€the€former€suit.ðð€€ò òòòId.ó óóó€at€56.€€It€does€not€prohibitÐ à%0!$ Ðð ðreexamination€of€the€same€question€between€the€same€parties€when€the€facts€have€changed€or€newÐ Ì&"% Ðfacts€have€occurred€that€have€altered€the€partiesðð€legal€rights€and€relations.ðð€€ò òòòId.€€ó óóóThe€doctrine€of€òòresÐ ¸'#& Ðjudicataóó€is€not€applicable€in€this€case€to€bar€the€trial€court€from€considering€the€facts€surrounding€theÐ ¤(ô#' ÐJanuary€1995€agreed€order.€€ò òó óIn€her€petition,€Mother€alleged€a€material€change€in€circumstances€whichÐ )à$( Ðwarranted€a€change€in€custody.€€In€order€to€make€this€determination,€it€was€necessary€for€the€trialÐ |*Ì%) Ðcourt€to€ascertain€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€January€1995€order,€including€Fatherððs€refusalÐ h+¸&* Ðto€pay€child€support€under€the€original€decree.€€Thus,€it€is€a€ð ðreexamination€of€the€same€questionððÐ ° Ðin€light€of€new€facts.€€ò òòòSee€id.€€ó óóóThis€issue€is€without€merit.Ð œì Ðà  àFather€next€argues€that€there€was€not€a€material€change€in€circumstances€sufficient€to€warrantÐ tÄ Ða€change€in€custody.€€Father€contends€that€the€trial€court€punished€him€for€his€drunk€driving€byÐ `° Ðawarding€custody€to€Mother,€and€that€it€was€required€to€credit€his€testimony€that€he€stopped€drinkingÐ L œ Ðin€May€1999,€since€this€testimony€was€Ô_ÔunrefutedÔ_Ô.Ð 8 ˆ Ðà  àIn€Tennessee,€there€is€a€strong€preference€for€maintaining€continuity€in€a€childððs€life€byÐ  ` Ðpreserving€an€initial€custody€order€and€not€moving€the€child€from€one€parent€to€the€other.€€ò òòòSeeÐ ü L  ÐÔ_ÔPlacenciaÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔPlacenciaÔ_Ôó óóó,€3€Ô_ÔS.W.3dÔ_Ô€497,€503€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1999).€€However,€custody€can€beÐ è 8  Ðchanged€upon€a€showing€that€there€has€been€a€material€change€in€circumstances.€€ò òòòSee€id.ó óóó€at€499;€Ð Ô$  Ðò òòòÔ_ÔMassengaleÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔMassengaleÔ_Ôó óóó,€915€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€818,€819€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1995);€ò òòòWall€v.€Walló óóó,€907€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_ÔÐ À  Ð829,€834€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1995).€€The€change€in€circumstances€must€be€such€that€the€welfare€of€theÐ ¬ü  Ðchild€is€directly€affected.€€ò òòòSee€Ô_ÔMassengaleÔ_Ôó óóó,€915€Ô_ÔS.W.Ô_Ô€2d€at€819€(citing€ò òòòDailey€v.€Daileyó óóó,€635€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_ÔÐ ˜è  Ð391,€393€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1981)).€€Further,€the€change€in€circumstances€must€present€a€risk€ofÐ „Ô  Ðð ðsubstantial€harmðð€to€the€child€in€order€to€justify€modification€of€the€original€custody€order.€€ò òòòSeeÐ pÀ ÐWalló óóó,€907€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€at€834.€€The€court€should€only€consider€the€interests€of€the€child,€and€it€should€notÐ \¬ Ðrevoke€a€custody€order€to€punish€a€parent€for€wrongdoing.€€ò òòòSee€id.ó óóó€Ð H˜ Ðà  àIn€this€case,€there€was€ample€evidence€of€a€material€change€in€circumstances€sufficient€toÐ  p Ðjustify€a€change€in€custody.€€The€evidence€showed€that,€since€the€January€1995€consent€order,€FatherÐ  \ Ðhad€used€cocaine,€called€the€children€demeaning€names,€undermined€Motherððs€visitation€by€sendingÐ øH Ðher€on€ð ðwild€goose€chases,ðð€regularly€used€vile€and€profane€language€in€the€childrenððs€presence,Ð ä4 Ðmade€coarse€sexual€remarks€in€their€presence,€regularly€became€intoxicated€while€the€children€wereÐ Ð  Ðin€his€care,€drove€intoxicated€with€the€children€in€his€car,€and€resisted€arrest€for€driving€whileÐ ¼  Ðintoxicated.€€In€the€face€of€such€evidence,€for€Father€to€argue€that€the€trial€court€was€required€to€leaveÐ ¨ø Ðthe€children€in€his€custody,€because€his€testimony€that€he€had€changed€his€ways€was€ð ðÔ_ÔunrefutedÔ_Ô,ððÐ ”ä Ðdefies€common€sense.€€His€promises€of€reform€ring€hollow€when€viewed€in€light€of€a€course€ofÐ €Ð Ðconduct€demonstrating€persistent€disregard€of€his€obligation€to€act€in€his€childrenððs€best€interest.Ð l¼ Ðà  àFather€argues€next€that,€even€assuming€a€material€change€in€circumstances,€changing€custodyÐ D!” Ðwas€not€in€the€best€interest€of€the€children.€ò òòòSee,€e.g.,€Williams€v.€Williamsó óóó,€No.€Ô_Ô01A01Ô_Ô„9610„CV„Ð 0"€  Ð00468€at€**8„**9€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€May€23,€1997).€€€He€points€to€evidence€that€Mr.€Clifton€physicallyÐ #l! Ðabused€the€boys€by€kicking€Jason€and€spanking€the€boys€with€a€yardstick.€€He€also€notes€testimonyÐ $X" Ðfrom€the€school€principal€and€the€boysðð€teacher€that€Father€is€an€involved€and€supportive€parent.€€AsÐ ô$D # Ðacknowledged€by€Mother€in€her€testimony,€Father€may€be€a€good€parent€when€he€is€sober.€€This€doesÐ à%0!$ Ðnot€outweigh€the€many€instances€in€which€Father€demonstrated€flagrant€disregard€for€the€well„beingÐ Ì&"% Ðof€his€children.€€Moreover,€the€evidence€regarding€the€alleged€abuse€by€Motherððs€husband€wasÐ ¸'#& Ðdisputed.€€The€trial€court€apparently€credited€Mr.€Cliftonððs€explanation€of€the€events,€finding€that€heÐ ¤(ô#' Ðhad€ð ðnot€in€the€past€done€anything€that€would€be€detrimental€to€these€children.€.€.€.ðð€€The€trial€court,Ð )à$( Ðâ âof€course,€is€in€the€best€position€to€determine€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses.€€ò òòòSee€Collins€v.€Ô_ÔHowmetÔ_ÔÐ |*Ì%) ÐCorp.ó óóó,€970€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€941,€943€(Tenn.€1998).€€Consequently,€we€find€no€error€in€the€trial€courtððsÐ ° Ðdecision€to€award€custody€to€Mother.€Ð œì Ðâ âà  àFatherððs€last€contention€on€appeal€is€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€calculating€his€income,Ð tÄ Ðresulting€in€an€unreasonably€high€award€of€child€support.€€Father€argues€that€the€trial€court€forcedÐ `° Ðhim€to€testify€to€an€income€higher€than€what€he€actually€makes.€€He€contends€that€the€trial€courtÐ L œ Ðforced€him€to€testify€to€an€income€of€$25,000€per€year,€when€in€fact€that€is€the€amount€of€his€grossÐ 8 ˆ Ðreceipts€for€his€painting€and€remodeling€business.€€He€asserts€that€he€was€forced€to€testify€to€theÐ $ t Ðhigher€level€of€income€by€the€trial€courtððs€threat€to€take€custody€of€the€children€away€from€him.€€HeÐ  ` Ðargues€that€this€was€an€abuse€of€discretion€by€the€trial€judge€and€demonstrates€the€bias€she€heldÐ ü L  Ðagainst€him€from€the€beginning€of€the€custody€hearing.€€Indeed,€the€trial€judge€was€openly€skepticalÐ è 8  Ðof€Fatherððs€testimony,€particularly€his€assertion€that€he€supported€himself€and€the€partiesðð€childrenÐ Ô$  Ðon€only€$10,000€a€year€from€his€self„employment.׃'×Ý ƒ$#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€It€is€the€trial€judgeððs€job€to€evaluate€theÐ À  Ðwitnessesðð€credibility.€€In€this€case,€the€trial€judge€apparently€imputed€an€income€of€about€$25,000Ð ¬ü  Ðto€Father,€because€she€ultimately€set€his€child€support€obligation€at€$553€per€month.€€The€ChildÐ ˜è  ÐSupport€Guidelines€published€by€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Human€Services€indicate€that€a€grossÐ „Ô  Ðincome€of€$25,761€per€year€should€be€imputed€if€the€person€obligated€to€pay€child€support€fails€toÐ pÀ Ðproduce€evidence€of€his€or€her€income€and€there€is€no€other€credible€evidence€of€the€obligorððsÐ \¬ Ðincome€or€income€potential.€€ò òòòSee€Rules€of€Tenn.€Dept.€of€Human€Servicesó óóó,€Chap.€1240„2„Ð H˜ Ð4.03(3)(e).€€The€record€does€not€reflect€that€Father€provided€any€evidence,€other€than€his€ownÐ 4„ Ðtestimony,€that€his€income€was€lower€than€$25,000.€€Under€these€circumstances,€we€cannot€concludeÐ  p Ðthat€€the€trial€judge€erred€in€imputing€$25,000€of€gross€annual€income€to€Father.€€The€decision€of€theÐ  \ Ðtrial€court€is€affirmed.€€Ð øH Ðà  àThe€decision€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€Costs€are€assessed€against€Appellant,€CarlosÐ Ð  ÐÔ_ÔAcostaÔ_Ô„Delgado,€and€his€surety,€for€which€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.€òòò ò€óóó 󀀀Р¼  ÐÌÓ Óà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð l¼ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àHOLLY€KIRBY€LILLARD,€JUDGE