ÿWPC  ËZH&÷ü`x-ƒwË‚aÔ÷îLQ!gýAÄó 2vz8°Ÿ,Sžˆ]å)Cß„Þ5¦öÉÍ’=½‘ÃFöhPüURVƒgmKæ¹–¡Äö®ÉÒK gýõ5Î)ÑÔCQê©ê0g Dîû¼iˉ1›£§$ƒîÙÐM‹¶GN_)nß:ÒCD% æÎÎKÏ2ù‹YuññjÉëcxvÁd¦òÝB=ž=Tï9<ªUš)3¼ŠxÞè ³³`¬v×>Ûmò«‹ ]WÀPõ72½—Á 'eÕúÐ[áɈN +·‘Ô«¼ó‚D¨Q,xqæ”1f8ú" ÿä|.Êwi $ §ÖtË>Ýb~³²·j+²Wf6°Œ¶ú34çþüÑóÑr;»”€ A`DÌÎÞ»l¶¥ç'Šûéûï'Û†sòž W‹Qb}ªémòËvB8yé¯JõŸ%íNB0~ûTØ4†Å÷¦ï#¸’Vc#Ú°y*­Tz—i„d™å–dz/k²²eh‰íJ¼¬9o>Å …úìjQ¼õ@ëñÕé•3i!h°¯\Œv @%ûº3t¤øMëõ§ý§´_qA±©Ÿ¾O*# LUNW %¥ 0(«bÓw@Û4/>FU:IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII AQƒÆÔ 0Dš 0DÞ 0D" " D/f B• B² D3Ï ˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡- ù- ¨I©IEªI«I[¬ID­I®ID¯IU°IÓ€ºIÖ…#%3|xºI ùÝ ƒ"¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€ Xœ7XXXÔÔ€ Ã#X Xœ7ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ Xœ7X Ã#ÔÐ  ÐÌOctober€23,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAhÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular!"#$&Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó(('÷ÿ dxd düÿP Pd'''''ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñ°Iñ›ñ°IñѰÑÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ7€/XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ñò òñºIññ°Iñßr€ )<,(j 8` `€€@Eô ` 8ttxP,ð  rßñ°IññºIññºIññºIññ°Iñ›ñ°IñROCKY€LEE€COKER,à h àà À àà  à€€)Ð  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à€€)à p àDavidson€Brd.€&€Tenn.€Claims€à (# àÐ ôì ÐClaimant/Appellant,à  àà h àà À à€€à  à€€)à p àCommissionÐ àØ ÐñºIñœßt€ )>.*jxk` `€€@E_Û ` 8ttxP—Ì ð  tß›ñºIñà ` àà ¸ àà  à€€à h àà À àà  à€€)à p àClaim€No.€€€97003162Ð Ì Ä ÐVS.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à€€)Ð ¸ ° Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à€€)à p àAppeal€No.Ð ¤ œ ÐDON€SUNDQUIST,€and€the€STATEà  à€€)à p à01A01„9806„BC„00318Ð  ˆ ÐOF€TENNESSEE€CLAIMS€à À àà  à€€)Ð | t ÐCOMMISSION,à  àà h àà À àà  à€€)Ð h` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à€€)Ìà ` àDefendants/Appellees.à À àà  à€€)Ð @8  ÐÌÌà@C C ®àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÌà@¼¼(®àAT€NASHVILLEˆÌÌà@  ®àAPPEAL€FROM€THE€TENNESSEE€CLAIMS€COMMISSIONˆÌà@;;#®àAT€NASHVILLE,€TENNESSEEˆÌà0 ` àÐ ` T$` T$ ÐÓ  ÓHONORABLE€W.€R.€BAKER,€COMMISSIONER,€MIDDLE€DIVISIONÌó óÓKÓÌÌRocky€Lee€Coker,€C.P.L.ÌSTSRCF,€Unit€6,€#108069ÌRoute€4,€Box€600ÌPikeville,€Tennessee€37367ÌPRO€SE/CLAIMANT/APPELLANTÌÌÌJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÌAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌÌMs.€Heather€C.€RossÌAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌCordell€Hull€Building,€Second€FloorÌ426€5th€Avenue€NorthÌNashville,€Tennessee€37243„0499ÌATTORNEYS€FOR€DEFENDANTS/APPELLEESÌÌÌÌÌÓ  Óò òAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDED.ó óÐ À-¸&* ÐÌÌÓø ÓÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àHENRY€F.€TODDÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àPRESIDING€JUDGE,€MIDDLE€SECTIONÌÌÌÌÌÌœCONCURñ¬Iñ€IN€SEPARATE€OPINION:ñ¬Iññ­Iñ:ñ­Iñ›ÌBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€œJUDGEÌÌCONCUR€IN€THE€RESULTS:ÌWILLIAM›€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÐ ”;Œ49  ЇROCKY€LEE€COKER,à h àà À àà  à€€)Ð  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à€€)à p àDavidson€Brd.€&€Tenn.€Claims€à (# àÐ ôì ÐClaimant/Appellant,à  àà h àà À à€€à  à€€)à p àCommissionÐ àØ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  à€€à h àà À àà  à€€)à p àClaim€No.€€€97003162Ð Ì Ä ÐVS.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à€€)Ð ¸ ° Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à€€)à p àAppeal€No.Ð ¤ œ ÐDON€SUNDQUIST,€and€the€STATEà  à€€)à p à01A01„9806„BC„00318Ð  ˆ ÐOF€TENNESSEE€CLAIMS€à h àà À à€€)Ð | t ÐCOMMISSION,à  àà h àà À àà  à€€)Ð h` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à€€)Ìà ` àDefendants/Appellees.à À àà  à€€)Ð @8  ÐÌÌà@88(®àòòò òÔ‡„ ™„XXÔO€P€I€N€I€O€NÔ#†X/X„„ ™b#Ôó óóóˆÐ ü  ÐÓÓÓ  ÓÌÓßÓÓÓà ` àThe€captioned€claimant€has€appealed€from€the€order€of€the€Claims€Commission€rejectingÏthe€claimantððs€claim€for€failing€to€state€a€claim€for€which€relief€can€be€granted.ÌÌà ` àClaimantððs€ð ðAmended€Complaintðð€states:ÌÒ` „ÒÒ¸ ÒÓÓà  à16.à h àAt€all€times€material€in€this€cause,€plaintiff€wasÐ œ” Ðconfined€on€Unit€2€at€Riverbend€Maximum€SecurityÏInstitution€(RMSI)€in€Nashville,€Tennessee.€€Unit€2,€RMSI,€isÏthe€housing€unit€for€those€inmates€sentenced€to€death,€and€isÏa€small€isolated€group€of€inmates€separated€from€the€generalÏpopulation€of€inmates.ÌÓüÓÓ  Ó„€„€„€„ÌÓ¢ÓÓ#ÓDESCRIPTION€OF€INCIDENTÌDate€of€Occurrence:€òòOn€or€about€2/10/96óó€Time:òò€€€€€óóA.M./P.M.Ð ü$ô  ÐLocation:€òòKnoxville/Nashville,€TNóó€State€Agency€involved:Ð è%à! ÐòòGovernor€Don€SundquistóóÐ Ô&Ì" ÐÌà  à1.à h àOn€or€about€February€10,€1996,€the€defendantÐ ¬(¤!$ ÐDon€Sundquist,€with€malicious€intent€to€injure€plaintiff,Ïpublished,€or€caused€to€be€written€and€published,€of€andÏconcerning€plaintiff,€in€a€certain€newspaper€called€theÏKnoxville€News€Sentinel,€printed€and€published€at€itsÏNashville€Bureau,€Davidson€County,€Tennessee,€andÏKnoxville,€Knox€County,€Tennessee,€as€well€as€throughoutÏother€areas€across€the€State€of€Tennessee,€and€having€a€largeÏcirculation€in€said€County€of€Davidson,€wherein€plaintiff€thenÏand€there€resided,€certain€false,€malicious,€and€libelousÏstatements€and€the€words€and€figures€following:ÌÌà  à2.à h àDefendant€Sundquist,€in€his€statements€of€andÐ ¼3´,0 Ðconcerning€plaintiff,€published,€òòinter€aliaóó,€that€plaintiff€hadÐ ¨4 -1 Ðcommitted€the€felonious€crimes€of€mass€murder€and€rape,€andÏspecifically€ð ðThat€[plaintiff]€was€the€guy€who€committed€14Ïmurders€and€two€rapes€on€death€row,ðð€and€that€plaintiffÏð ðcommitted€the€[m]ost€grievous€crime[s]€imaginable.ðð€€AÏcopy€of€said€publication€is€attached€hereto€as€òòExhibit€Aóó.€Ð D9<26 ÐÒ¸ ÒÒ„` ÒÓÓÐ 0:(37 Ðà ` àNo€Exhibit€A€appears€in€the€record€before€this€Court.€€However,€attached€to€the€amendedÏcomplaint€is€an€unidentified€photostatic€document€reading€as€follows:ÌÒ` „ÒÒ¸ ÒÓÓò òDISHING€OUT€CRITICISMó óÐ ¸ ° ÐÌà  àNashville€„€ð ðIððm€a€pussy€cat,ðð€Gov.€Don€SundquistÏsays.ÌÌà  àThat€remark€came€last€week€when€a€radio€reporterÏasked€about€accusations€that€he€is€ð ðmean„spiritedðð€in€some€ofÏhis€dealings€in€state€government.ÌÌà  àAt€the€prompting€of€press€secretary€Beth€Fortune,€theÏgovernor€responded€to€one€such€accusation€from€some€of€theÏinmates€of€death€row.€€They€accuse€the€governor€of€beingÏð ðmean€spiritedðð€because€he€took€away€their€satellite€dish.ÌÌà  àThree€inmates€and€four€citizens€have€filed€a€federalÏlawsuit€against€the€governor€and€correction€officials,€claimingÏthe€satellite€dish€was€paid€for€by€donors€and€that€the€governorÏhad€no€right€to€remove€it.ÌÌà  àð ðThat€was€the€guy€who€committed€14€murders€andÏtwo€rapes€on€death€row€who€said€Iððm€mean€spirited,ððÏSundquist€said.€€ð ðIf€they€think€Iððm€mean„spirited,€I€wouldÏquestion€the€origin€of€the€statement.€€How€can€someone€whoððsÏcommitted€the€most€grievous€crimes€imaginable€„€who€isÏslated€to€be€executed€„€expect€to€have€television€access€thatÏmost€people€in€Tennessee€donððt€haveððÌÌà  àð ðA€satellite€dish€with€all€the€Playboy€channels€may€beÏdangerous€to€their€health.ððÌÌà  àThe€dish€carried€HBO€and€Cinemax€to€the€prisons€atÏNashvilleððs€Riverbend€Maximum€Security€Institution.€€TheÏsuit€was€filed€by€convicted€murders€Terry€King,€Rocky€LeeÏCoker€and€Michael€Sample.ÌÌà  àSunquist€also€commented€on€a€remark€he€made€whileÏattending€the€National€Governorððs€Association€meeting€inÏWashington,€D.C.,€last€week.ÌÌà  àSundquist€called€Republican€presidential€candidateÏSteve€Forbes€ð ðgoofy.ðð€€At€the€time,€the€governor€was€wearingÏa€large€cowboy€hat€that€some€might€label€goofy.ÌÌà  àð ðI€probably€shouldnððt€have€said€that,ðð€Sundquist€saidÏof€the€reference€to€Forbes.€€ð ðSometimes€youððre€brutallyÏhonest,€and€Iððm€doing€my€best€to€obey€the€11thÏCommandment€to€not€speak€ill€of€another€Republican.ÌÌà  àð ðBut€sometimes€you€have€to€call€them€like€you€seeÏthem.€€Iððm€going€to€try€to€do€better.ððÌâ âÓ?ÓÓ  Ó„€„€„€„Ð Ð8È16 ÐÓˆ!ÓÓÓà  à17.à h àDefendantððs€article€in€this€matter,€and€attachedÐ  Ðâ âto€the€original€claim€as€Exhibit€A,€is€entitled€ð ðDishing€OutÏCriticism€„€Sundquist€lashes€death€row€convicts€who€calledÏhim€ððmean€spirited.ðð€ðð€The€statements€in€the€article€wereÏintentionally€made€by€defendant€Sundquist,€in€a€false€andÏmisleading€manner,€in€retaliation€for€a€civil€action€broughtÏagainst€him€by€three€inmates€names€in€the€article.ÌÌà  à18.à h à€€€€The€statements€made€by€defendant€wereÐ h` Ðtherefore€made€specifically€about€the€small€group€of€inmatesÏin€the€article,€of€which€plaintiff€was€a€member,€were€false,Ïmisleading,€and€the€statements€were€directed€at€plaintiff.€€ThisÏis€because€plaintiffððs€name€is€explicitly€stated€in€the€article,Ïand€plaintiff€is€one€of€the€three€inmates€in€the€small€groupÏwho€brought€the€civil€action.€€Any€reasonable€person€readingÏthe€article€would€know€that€defendantððs€statements€were€aÏdirect,€malicious€and€retaliatory€act€by€defendant€against€theÏsmall€group€of€inmates€generally€and€against€plaintiffÏparticularly.ÌÒ¸ ÝÒÒ„` ÏÒÓëÓÌà ` àThe€Order€of€the€Commission€states:ÌÒ` „ÒÒ¸ ÒÓÓà  àThe€main€reason€why€this€Commission€finds€this€to€beÏa€claim€on€which€relief€cannot€be€granted€is€that€theÏnewspaper€article€in€question€is€not€libelous€or€injurious€at€all.€ÏAny€body€who€reads€that€newspaper€article€gets€the€message:Ïmen€who€have€been€sentenced€to€death€in€a€Tennessee€CourtÏdeserve€to€be€deprived€of€entertainment,€and€when€such€menÏuse€language€like€ð ðmean€spiritedðð€and€go€to€Court€to€get€theirÏentertainment€back€then€they€are€being€ridiculous.€€AnybodyÏwho€reads€that€newspaper€article€recognizes€that€theÏquotation,€ð ðThat€was€the€guy€who€committed€14€murders€andÏtwo€rapes€on€death€row€who€said€Iððm€mean€spirited,ðð€was€anÏexaggeration,€just€a€piece€of€mockery;€anybody€who€reads€thatÏnewspaper€sees€that€this€statement€is€not€statistically€precise.€ÏAll€human„beings€„„not€just€holders€of€high€offices€andÏnewspaperwomen„„€use€exaggeration€sometimes.€People€mayÏsay€that€men€sentenced€to€death€by€Tennessee€juries€haveÏð ðcommitted€the€most€grievous€crimes€imaginable,ðð€while€theyÏknow€that€only€people€like€Mao€Tse„Tung€and€Pol€Pot€reallyÏhave€ð ðcommitted€the€most€grievous€crimes€imaginable.ðð€€WeÏall€talk€like€that€sometimes,€and€talking€like€that€is€not€slanderÏor€libel.€€And€there€is€a€very€good€reason€why€it€is€not€slanderÏor€libel:€because€nobody€who€hears€it€takes€it€with€nit„pickingÏprecision.€€Take€the€case€of€the€mother€who€says€to€her€child,Ïð ðYouððre€just€the€worst€little€boy€Iððve€ever€seen!ðð€€NobodyÏwould€say€to€her€seriously,€ð ðYouððre€a€liar!€€Youððve€seen€twoÏlittle€boys€this€morning€who€are€worse€than€he€is!ðð€€ThisÏclaimant€is€arguing€that€mockery€is€libel,€and€it€is€not.ÌÓÀ!ÓÓ  Ó„€„€„€„ÌÓo-ÓÓ#Óà  àThe€Stateððs€motion€to€dismiss€is€granted.€€TheÏcomplaint,€as€amended,€is€dismissed.ÌÒ¸ ²&ÒÒ„` ¤&ÒÓÀ&ÓÌà ` àà ¸ àÐ ¼9´27 Їà ` àOn€appeal,€the€claimant€presents€the€following€issues;ÌÒ` „ÒÒ¸ ÒÓÓà  àI.à h àWhether€the€Claims€Commission€erred€inÐ àØ Ðdismissing€Plaintiffððs€complaint€for€libel€and€group€libel,€andÏerroneously€found€that€Defendant€Sundquistððs€statements€inÏthe€article€about€Plaintiff€were€not€libelous€or€injurious€at€all?ÌÌà  àII.à h àWhether€the€Claims€Commission€erred€inÐ | t Ðdismissing€Plaintiffððs€complaint,€thereby€failing€to€considerÏPlaintiffððs€claims€of€infliction€of€humiliation€and€emotionalÏdistress,€and€false€light€invasion€of€privacy?ÌÒ¸ À.ÒÒ„` ².ÒÓÎ.ÓÌà ` àPrior€to€consideration€of€appellantððs€issues,€it€must€be€recognized€that€this€is€a€claimÏagainst€the€state€and€not€a€lawsuit€against€a€newspaper€or€the€person€whose€alleged€oral€remarksÏwere€allegedly€published€by€the€newspaper.ÌÌà ` àT.C.A.€ðð€9„8„112€provides€in€pertinent€part€as€follows:ÌÒ` „ÒÒ¸ ÒÓÓà  àFinal€judgments€against€state€employees.€„€(a)€TheÏboard€of€claims€is€authorized€to€pay€final€judgments€for€stateÏemployees,€as€defined€in€ðð€8„42„101,€for€any€damages,Ïincluding€interest€thereon,€which€are€awarded€in€a€finalÏjudgment€in€a€civil€lawsuit€against€the€employee€in€a€court€ofÏcompetent€jurisdiction€where€it€is€determined€by€the€boardÏthat€the€incident€on€which€such€damages€were€awardedÏoccurred€when€the€employee€was€acting€in€good€faith€withinÏthe€scope€of€such€employeeððs€official€duty€and€under€apparentÏlawful€authority€or€orders.ÌÌà  à(1)à h àNo€final€judgment€or€interest€thereon€shall€beÐ `&X" Ðpaid€where€the€employeeððs€conduct€amounted€to€grossÏnegligence€or€willful,€intentional€or€malicious€conduct.ÌÒ¸ †2ÒÒ„` x2ÒÓ”2ÓÌà ` àThe€Claim€does€not€allege€a€final€judgment€against€the€originator€or€the€publisher€of€theÏallegedly€defamatory€statements.€€Moreover,€the€Claim€states€that€the€accused€state€employeeÏacted€ð ðwith€reckless€disregard,€intentional,€reckless€and€malicious,€with€improper€motives€andÏmalice€with€intent€to€cause€shock,€mental€suffering€and€severe€emotional€œdistress,›€humiliation,Ïanxiety€pain€and€suffering,€and€depression.ððÌÌâ âòòò òFirst€Issueó óóó:€Finding€that€alleged€statements€were€not€libelous€or€injurious.Ð  6/3 Ðà ` àThe€claim€asserts€that€the€claimant€is€a€prisoner€incarcerated€on€ð ðDeath€Row.ðð€€This€isÏan€admission€that€claimant€is€the€subject€of€a€final€judgment€of€conviction€of€murder€in€the€firstÏœdegree.Ìâ âñ­Iñ›ñ­IñÌñ­Iñ›ñ­Iñà ` àñ­Iñ›ñ­IñUnder€the€circumstances€of€this€case,€the€appellant€is€ð ðlibel„proof;€that€is,€as€a€matter€ofÏlaw€would€suffer€no€damages€to€his€reputation€by€the€words€alleged€to€have€been€spoken.€ÏòòCardillo€v.€Doubledayóó,€2nd€Cir.€1975;€518€F.2d€638;€òòRay€v.€Time,€Inc.,€(óóW.D.€Tenn.€1976ñ¥Iññ¤Iñ0ñ¤Iññ¥Iññ¦Iñ)ñ¦Iñ,€452Ð   ÐF.Supp.€618.ÌÌà ` àThe€claim€fails€to€state€an€actionable€wrong€for€the€reason€that€it€states€that€the€allegedÏdefamation€referred€to€a€group€of€three€of€which€claimant€is€a€member€and€the€claim€does€notÏallege€that€the€claimant€himself€was€named€in€the€alleged€defamatory€statement.›ÌÌà ` àThe€gravamen€of€an€action€for€defamation€is€injury€to€the€reputation€of€the€plaintiff€„€notÏinjury€to€his€self€esteem,€emotions€or€mental€state.ÌÌà ` àCharacter€is:ÌÒ` „ÒÒ¸ ÒÓÓThe€predisposition€or€habit,€or€aggregate€of€ethical€qualitiesÏwhich€belong€to€and€distinguish€an€individual€person;€theÏgeneral€result€of€the€oneððs€distinguishing€attributes.ÌÓ“-ÓÓ  Ó„€„€„€„ÌÓH=ÓÓ-ÓThat€moral€predisposition€or€habit€or€aggregate€of€ethicalÏqualities,€which€is€believed€attached€to€a€person€on€theÏstrength€of€the€common€opinion€and€report€concerning€him.ÌÓl=ÓÓ  Ó„€„€„€„ÌÓ:>ÓÓ;ÓAlthough€ð ðcharacterðð€is€often€used€in€the€sense€ofÏð ðreputationðð,€the€terms€are€distinguishable.ÌÓ^>ÓÓ  Ó„€„€„€„ÌÓê>ÓÓ=Óð ðCharacterðð€is€what€a€man€is,€and€reputation€is€œwhat€he€isÏsupposed›€to€be.€ð ðCharacterðð€depends€on€attributes€possessed,Ïand€reputation€on€attributes€which€others€believe€one€toÏpossess.ÌòòÌBlackððs€Law€Dictionary,€Fourth€Edition,€p.€294.óóÐ  5.2 Ðâ âÒ¸ e<ÒÒ„` W<ÒÓs<ÓÐ  6/3 Ðà ` àThe€words,€character€and€reputation€have€been€used€œinterchangeably›€because€whereÏcharacter€is€relevant,€it€is€proved€by€a€ð ðcharacter€witnessðð€whose€testimony€must€be€confined€toÏreputation.€€Thus,€ð ðcharacterðð€must€be€proven€by€reputation€and€not€by€acts.Ìâ âÌà ` àIn€òòQuality€Auto€Parts€Co.,€Inc.€v.€Bluff€City€Buick€Co.,€Inc.,€et€alóó,€the€appeal€was€fromÐ h` Ðthe€dismissal€of€the€suit€of€an€employee€of€Bluff€City€against€his€employer€for€slander€byÏaccusing€him€of€falsifying€records.€€The€Supreme€Court€dismissed€the€slander€action€as€time„¼barred€and€said:ÌÒ` „ÒÒ¸ ÒÓÓà  àThe€basis€of€an€action€for€defamation,€whether€it€beÏfor€slander€or€libel,€is€the€defamation€resulted€in€an€injury€toÏthe€personððs€character€and€reputation.€€ÌÒ¸ CÒÒ„` úBÒÓCÓÌà ` àClearly,€the€words€ð ðcharacter€and€reputationðð€were€intended€to€mean€ð ðreputation€inÏrespect€to€character,€for€character€may€be€shown€only€by€reputation.ÌÌà ` àIn€òòLittle€Stores€v.€Isenbergóó,€the€plaintiff€obtained€a€jury€verdict€for€damages€from€a€falseÐ ìä Ðallegation€of€shoplifting.€€This€Court€affirmed€and€said:ÌÌÒ` „ÒÒ¸ ÒÓÓà  àThe€ð ðcharacterðð€of€an€accused€means€his€fixedÏdisposition€or€tendency,€as€shown€by€his€habits,€through€theÏmanifestation€of€which€his€general€reputation,€good€orÏotherwise,€is€obtained.€€òòKeith€v.€Stateóó,€127€Tenn.€40,€152€S.W.Ð 8(0!$ Ð1029€(1913).ÌÒ¸ ‹EÒÒ„` }EÒÓ™EÓÌñ¦Iñœñ¦Iñà ` àThe€claim€shows€on€its€face€that€the€claimant€is€a€convicted€murderer€worthy€of€death.€ÏTherefore,€neither€his€reputation€nor€his€character€could€be€impaired€by€the€language€allegedlyÏspoken€and€published.ÌœÌñ¦Iñ›ñ¦Iñà ` àThis€Court€concludes€that€the€State€is€not€liable€to€a€convicted€murderer,€for€his€characterÏis€judicially€declared€to€be€evil,€and,€as€a€result,€his€reputation€is€that€of€a€murderer.Ì›Ìà ` àFor€the€foregoing€reasons,€the€claim€fails€to€state€grounds€for€recovery.Ð Ð8È16 Їòòò òSecond€Issueó óóó:€Humiliation,€emotional€distress,€invasion€of€œprivacy.Ð  ЛÌà ` àThese€elements€of€damage€may€apply€if€a€valid€right€of€action€for€defamation€is€shown.€ÏHowever,€the€claim€does€not€allege€an€actionable€case€of€defamation€without€which€there€canÏbe€no€recovery€for€humiliation,€emotional€distress€or€invasion€of€privacy.ÌÌà ` àNo€merit€is€found€in€appellantððs€second€issue.ÌÌœà ` àThis€opinion€is€not€authority€for€ñ§Iñañ§Iññ©Iññ¨IñTHEñ¨Iññ©IññªIñtheñªIñ€principle€that€prison€inmates€may€not€resort€to€theÏCourts€to€redress€libels€committed€against€them€in€or€out€of€prison.€€ñ«Iñòòñ«IñSee€Cardilloñ«Iñóóñ«Iñ,€above.›Ð ¨  ÐÌñ¦Iñœñ¦Iñà ` àThe€judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€is€affirmed.€€Costs€of€this€appeal€are€assessed€against€theÏappellant.€€The€cause€is€remanded€to€the€Trial€Court€for€necessary€further€proceedings.ÌÓ?ÓÓ  Óò òÌAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDED.ó óÐ à Ø ÐÓÓÓÓÌÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à_________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àHENRY€F.€TODDà x àÐ h&`" Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àPRESIDING€JUDGE,€MIDDLE€SECTIONÌÓ MÓÓMÓÓÓÌÌÌÌñ©Iñœñ©IñÌÌÌœCONCURñ®Iñ€IN€SEPARATE€OPINIONñ®Iññ¯IñÌÌÌ____________________________ñ¯Iñ:›ÌœBEN›€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEÌœÌÌCONCUR€IN€RESULTS:Ì›ÌÌ____________________________ÌWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÌ