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ƒR7$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôü½ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€letter€reads,€in€relevant€part,€as€follows:Ð ° ÐÌà  àà8 ` àThis€letter€is€written€to€advise€you€that€administration€of€the€Estate€of€Allen€DeeÐ 8ˆ ÐCook,€lately€deceased,€has€been€undertaken€by€this€office€through€the€Probate€CourtÐ üL Ðfor€Unicoi€County,€Tennessee,€with€the€due€probate€and€entry€of€his€will€forÐ À Ðadministration.ЄÔ` x` x ÐÌà  àà8 ` àA€copy€of€the€Last€Will€and€Testament€is€being€providing€[sic]€to€you€as€aÐ  \ Ðbeneficiary€of€the€estate.ÐÐ ` x` x ÐÌà  àà8 ` àThis€office,€through€the€[defendantsðð€attorney],€will€be€handling€all€administrationÐ X ¨  Ðmatters.€€If€you€have€any€questions€or€comments€with€regard€to€the€administrationÐ  l  Ðof€the€estate€or€any€disposition€of€property,€please€direct€your€inquiries€regardingÐ à 0  Ðsame€to€the€[defendantsðð€attorney].€.€.€. Ý ƒR7$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôü½ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€32„3„107€provides€as€follows:Ð ° ÐÌà  àà8 ` à(a)€A€contract€to€make€a€will€or€devise,€or€not€to€revoke€a€will€or€devise,€or€to€dieÐ 8ˆ Ðintestate€can€be€established€only€by:ÐüL` x` x ÐÌà  àà8 ` à(1)€Provisions€of€a€will€stating€material€provisions€of€the€contract;ЄÔ` x` x Ðà  àà8 ` à(2)€An€express€reference€in€a€will€to€a€contract€and€extrinsic€evidence€proving€theÐ H ˜ Ðterms€of€the€contract;€orÐ \` x` x Ðà  àà8 ` à(3)€A€writing€signed€by€the€decedent€evidencing€the€contract.ÐÐ ` x` x ÐÌà  àà8 ` à(b)€The€execution€of€a€joint€will€or€mutual€wills€does€not€create€a€presumption€ofÐ X ¨  Ða€contract€to€make€a€will,€or€to€refrain€from€revoking€a€will.Ð l ` x` x Ð œÝ ƒR7$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôü½ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔEach€side€has€filed€a€motion€to€strike€the€other€sideððs€reply€brief.€€We€do€not€find€it€necessary€to€resolve€eitherÐ ° Ðmotion.€€Suffice€it€to€say€that€we€have€only€considered€such€portions€of€these€two€filings€as€we€find€to€be€properly€beforeÐ tÄ Ðus.(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman  Ñ „ ÑÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Qu»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼Qu»»»ÔÑ8€IXXdì»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ü ü ìàÔ‡îLQuÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼Qu»îîL #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓAugust€13,€2004€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XIX»¼QuÔÌò òÔ#†¼Qu»XXIô#ÔIN€RE:€ESTATE€OF€ALLEN€DEE€COOKòòóóÔ‡XIX»¼QuÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Probate€Court€for€Ô_ÔUnicoiÔ_Ô€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€5986€€€€€€Robert€G.€Lincoln,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2004„00293„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV€€„€DECEMBER€30,€Ô_Ô2004Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓFollowing€the€death€of€Allen€Dee€Cook€(ð ðthe€testatorðð),€his€co„executors€ð!ð€his€widow,€Jo€Ann€P.Ð xÈ  ÐCook,€and€his€son,€Ronald€S.€Cook€(collectively€ð ðthe€defendantsðð)€ð!ð€filed€the€testatorððs€will€forÐ d´ Ðprobate€in€the€trial€court.€€That€court€admitted€the€will€to€probate.€€Thereafter,€two€of€the€testatorððsÐ P  Ðstepchildren€ð!ð€Lisa€Donnelly€Gelfand€and€Sandra€Donnelly€Schweitzer€(collectively€ð ðthe€plaintiffsðð)Ð <Œ Ðð!ð€filed€a€complaint€in€the€trial€court€seeking€to€establish€that€a€prior€irrevocable€joint€will€was€theÐ (x Ðlast€will€and€testament€of€the€testator.€€In€addition,€the€plaintiffs€alleged€(1)€that€the€previously„Ð d Ðprobated€will€was€the€product€of€undue€influence,€and€(2)€that€the€testator€was€not€of€sound€mindÐ P Ðwhen€he€executed€the€second€will.€€Following€removal€to€circuit€court€and€a€later€remand,€the€trialÐ ì< Ðcourt€held,€in€summary€fashion,€that€the€plaintiffs€had€not€filed€a€timely,€properly„supported€claimÐ Ø( Ðagainst€the€testatorððs€estate.€€As€a€part€of€its€judgment,€the€trial€court€also€held€(1)€that€the€failure€ofÐ Ä Ðthe€plaintiffs€to€produce€the€original€of€the€first€will€gives€rise€to€a€presumption€that€it€was€revoked;Ð ° Ð(2)€that€the€presumption€of€revocation€had€not€been€overcome€by€the€requisite€degree€of€proof;€andÐ œì Ð(3)€that€the€facts€before€the€court€precluded€a€grant€of€summary€judgment€to€the€defendants€on€theirÐ ˆØ Ðdefense€that€the€plaintiffs€had€violated€the€òòin€terroremóó€provision€of€the€testatorððs€will€when€theyÐ tÄ Ðcontested€its€validity.€€The€plaintiffs€appeal.€€We€affirm€so€much€of€the€trial€courtððs€judgment€asÐ `° Ðholds€(1)€that€the€plaintiffs€failed€to€file€a€properly„supported,€properly„verified€claim€for€breach€ofÐ L œ Ðcontract€not€to€revoke€the€earlier€will;€and€(2)€that€there€are€facts€in€the€record€precluding€aÐ 8!ˆ  Ðdetermination,€at€this€stage€in€the€proceedings,€that€the€òòin€terrorem€óóclause€should€be€enforced€againstÐ $"t! Ðthe€plaintiffs.€€In€all€other€respects,€we€reverse€the€trial€courtððs€judgment.€€Ð #`" ÐÔ#†¼Qu»XXI_#ÔÔ‡XIX»¼QuÔÓ¹ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Probate€Court€Ð è$8 $ ÐAffirmed€in€Part;€Reversed€in€Part;€Case€Remanded.ó óÐ Ô%$!% ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼Qu»àXI#ÔÔ‡XIX.¼QuÔCharles€D.€Susano,€Jr.,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòD.€Michael€Ô_ÔSwineyÔ_Ô,€€J.,óóÐ ¬'ü"' Ðand€òòGary€R.€Wade,€Ô_ÔSp.J.Ô_Ôóó,€joined.Ð ˜(è#( ÐÌDavid€M.€Cook€and€Virginia€M.€Patterson,€Memphis,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellants,€Lisa€DonnellyÐ p*À%* ÐGelfand€and€Sandra€Donnelly€Schweitzer.Ð \+¬&+ Ðâ âÐ H,˜',ý½ ÐÔ_ÔLois€B.€Shults„Davis,€Erwin,€Tennessee,€and€Anthony€A.€Seaton,€Johnson€City,€Tennessee,€for€theÐ ° Ðâ âappellees,€Jo€Ann€P.€Cook€and€Ronald€S.€Cook,€co„executors.Ð œì ÐÓîÓÌò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼Qu»XXI#ÔÔ‡XIX»¼QuÔÐ tÄ ÐÓ  ÓÌà@ÐÐìàI.€€òòFacts€and€Procedural€HistoryóóˆÐ L œ ÐÌÓ  Óà  àThe€testator€married€the€plaintiffsðð€mother,€Joy€Donnelly,€in€1969.€€At€the€time€of€theirÐ $ t Ðmarriage,€each€of€the€parties€had€children€from€previous€marriages.€€The€testator€had€three€childrenÐ  ` Ðð!ð€Allen€Dee€Cook,€Jr.,€Kenneth€Allee€Cook,€and€Ronald€S.€Cook€(ð ðthe€Cook€childrenðð)€ð!ð€and€hisÐ ü L  Ðwife€had€four€children€ð!ð€Ted€Alan€Donnelly,€Sandra€Donnelly€Schweitzer,€Susan€Donnelly€Crowe,Ð è 8  Ðand€Lisa€Donnelly€Gelfand€(ð ðthe€Donnelly€childrenðð).€€Each€of€the€parties€also€owned€property€whenÐ Ô$  Ðthey€married.€€The€testator€owned€40€acres€of€land€in€Florida.€€His€wife€owned€a€residence€andÐ À  Ðcommercial€property€in€Erwin,€a€one„half€interest€in€a€farm€in€Jonesborough,€and€a€one„half€interestÐ ¬ü  Ðin€a€furniture€store€in€Erwin.€€Following€their€marriage,€the€testator€and€Ms.€Cook€sold€the€ErwinÐ ˜è  Ðresidence€and€built€a€house€on€land€she€owned€behind€that€property.€€When€that€house€was€later€sold,Ð „Ô  Ðthey€built€and€moved€into€a€house€on€Galax€Drive€in€Erwin.Ð pÀ Ѐ€Ð \¬ Ðà  àMs.€Cook€died€on€January€30,€1993.€€The€plaintiffs€contend€that,€prior€to€their€motherððsÐ H˜ Ðdeath,€she€and€the€testator€executed€a€joint€will€providing€for€the€disposition€of€their€property.€€ThisÐ 4„ Ðwill€(ð ðthe€1992€willðð),€according€to€the€plaintiffsðð€contention,€was€executed€in€Louisiana€on€MarchÐ  p Ð17,€1992.€€A€document,€which€was€ultimately€filed€in€the€trial€court€by€the€plaintiffs,€purports€to€beÐ  \ Ða€copy€of€the€1992€will€as€executed.€€It€reflects€the€appointment€of€the€plaintiffs€as€the€co„executorsÐ øH Ðof€that€will€if€the€surviving€spouse€is€unable€or€unwilling€to€serve€as€the€executor/executrix.€€TheÐ ä4 Ðproffered€document€further€provides€for€the€following€distribution€of€the€estate€upon€the€death€of€theÐ Ð  Ðsurviving€spouse:€the€Galax€Drive€property€to€the€Donnelly€children;€the€Florida€property€to€theÐ ¼  ÐCook€Ô#†¼Qu»XXI'#ÔÔ‡XIX»¼QuÔchildren;€and€the€proceeds€of€the€testatorððs€IRA€account€to€be€divided€equally€among€the€sevenÐ ¨ø Ðchildren.€€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àThe€document€purporting€to€be€a€copy€of€the€1992€will€as€executed€was€proffered€by€theÐ l¼ Ðplaintiffs€along€with€copies€of€two€executed€memoranda,€one€signed€by€the€testator€and€the€otherÐ X ¨ Ðsigned€by€Ms.€Cook.€€Both€memoranda€were€signed€under€oath.€€The€will€and€the€memoranda€wereÐ D!” Ðall€dated€March€17,€1992.€€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àThe€two€memoranda,€copies€of€which€are€in€the€record€before€us,€are€substantially€identical.€Ð $X" ÐThe€one€identifying€Allen€Dee€Cook€as€testator€provided€that€ð ð[i]t€is€[the€testatorððs]€intention€to€enterÐ ô$D # Ðinto€a€contract€and€reciprocal€will€with€[Ms.€Cook].ðð€€It€also€provided€that€it€was€the€testatorððs€ð ðintentÐ à%0!$ Ðthat€[the€document€would]€bind€both€of€themðð€to€the€provisions€of€the€will.€€The€other€memorandumÐ Ì&"% Ðidentified€Ms.€Cook€as€testator€and€contains€the€same€language.€Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà  àOn€May€4,€1996,€the€testator€married€Jo€Ann€Parsley.€€Ô#†¼Qu»XXIm#ÔÔ‡XIX»¼QuÔThe€testator€executed€a€subsequentÐ )à$( Ðwill€on€November€26,€1997€(ð ðthe€1997€willðð).€€The€1997€will€stated€that€by€making€the€will,€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðtestator€ð ðhereby€revok[ed]€all€instruments€of€a€testamentary€nature€heretofore€made€by€[him].ðð€€TheÐ h+¸&* Ðwill€provided,€in€relevant€part,€that€a€life€estate€in€the€Galax€Drive€residence€would€pass€to€hisÐ ° Ðwidow,€and€the€remainder€would€pass€in€one„eighth€shares€to€his€widow€and€the€seven€children.€€TheÐ œì ÐFlorida€property€was€devised€to€his€son,€Kenneth€Allee€Cook.€€Other€than€his€household€goods,Ð ˆØ Ðpersonal€effects,€art,€and€his€1996€automobile,€all€of€which€items€were€the€subject€of€specificÐ tÄ Ðbequests,€the€remaining€estate€was€bequeathed€to€his€wife€and€the€seven€children€in€equal€shares.Ð `° ÐÌà  àThe€testator€died€on€December€21,€1997.€€The€defendants,€who€were€designated€in€the€1997Ð 8 ˆ Ðwill€as€the€co„executors€of€his€estate,€offered€the€1997€will€for€probate€in€January,€1998.€€TheÐ $ t ÐDonnelly€children€were€notified€by€letter€dated€January€8,€1998,€that€the€testator€had€passed€awayÐ  ` Ðand€that€the€1997€will€would€be€tendered€for€probate.€€A€notice€to€creditors€was€published€in€theÐ ü L  Ðnewspaper€in€January,€1998.€€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àOn€March€6,€1998,€the€plaintiffs€responded€to€the€letter€by€filing€a€ð ðComplaint€After€ProbateððÐ À  Ðin€the€trial€court,€averring€that€the€1997€will€was€not€the€testatorððs€true€will.€€Rather,€they€alleged,Ð ¬ü  Ðthe€1992€will,€executed€jointly€with€Joy€Donnelly€Cook,€was€the€true€last€will€of€the€testator.€€InÐ ˜è  Ðparticular,€the€plaintiffs€averred€that€ð ðonce€that€joint€document€[òòi.e.óó,€the€1992€will]€was€duly€executedÐ „Ô  Ðbefore€the€proper€witnesses€it€became€a€contract€by€and€between€the€two€parties€thereto€and,€it€couldÐ pÀ Ðnot€be€changed€thereafter€without€the€by€[sic]€consent€of€both€makers.ðð€€Consequently,€the€plaintiffsÐ \¬ Ðalleged€that€they€were€ð ðunder€a€clear€fiduciary€obligation€to€uphold€the€word€and€legal€effect€of€thisÐ H˜ Ðprior€joint€will€by€presenting€same€to€the€[c]ourt€for€consideration€and€by€asserting€that€the€[1997Ð 4„ Ðwill]€now€probated€is,€in€fact,€not€the€true€and€valid€Last€Will€and€Testament€of€[the€testator].ðð€€TheÐ  p Ðplaintiffs€referred€to€the€joint€will€in€their€complaint,€indicating€that€ð ð[a]€copy€Ô#†¼Qu»XXIo #ÔÔ‡XIX»¼QuÔof€that€joint€Will€isÐ  \ Ðattached€hereto€and€intended€to€be€read€as€an€integral€part€hereof.ðð€€Despite€this€assertion,€the€recordÐ øH Ðreflects€that€the€ð ðComplaint€After€Probateðð€was€filed€òòwithout€óóattachments.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àIn€the€alternative,€the€plaintiffs€alleged€that€the€1997€will,€which€had€been€previouslyÐ ¼  Ðadmitted€to€probate€in€common€form,€was€not€the€true€will€of€the€testator€because€the€testator€wasÐ ¨ø Ðof€unsound€mind€at€the€time€of€its€execution€and€he€was€unduly€influenced€to€make€the€second€will.€Ð ”ä ÐIn€particular,€they€averred€that€shortly€before€executing€the€1997€will,€the€testator€ð ðwrongfully€orÐ €Ð Ðunknowinglyðð€transferred€his€ownership€in€various€bank€accounts€into€the€names€of€his€new€wife€andÐ l¼ Ðthe€Cook€children,€despite€his€intention€expressed€in€the€1992€will€that€all€property€would€be€dividedÐ X ¨ Ðequally€among€the€Cook€and€the€Donnelly€children.€€Ð D!” ÐÌà  àThe€ð ðComplaint€After€Probateðð€asked€that€the€1992€will€ð ðbe€declared€the€true€and€valid€WillÐ #l! Ðand€Testament€of€Allen€Dee€Cook,€be€certified€to€the€Circuit€Court€of€this€County€to€the€end€that€anÐ $X" Ðissue€be€made€there€to€try€its€validity€and€the€validity€of€all€others.ðð€€The€complaint€was€signed€byÐ ô$D # Ðthe€plaintiffs€Lisa€Donnelly€Gelfand€and€Sandra€Donnelly€Schweitzer.€€It€contains€the€followingÐ à%0!$ Ðacknowledgment€of€Ms.€Gelfand€before€a€notary€public:€Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àPersonally€appeared€before€me,€a€Notary€Public€in€and€for€the€StateÐ ¤(ô#' Ðand€County€aforesaid,€Lisa€Donnelly€Gelfand,€Petitioner€in€thisÐ )à$( Ðaction,€personally€known€to€me€(or€satisfactorily€proven€to€be€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðperson€making€oath€herein),€and€she€makes€oath€in€due€form€of€lawÐ h+¸&* Ðthat€the€facts€contained€in€this€Complaint€to€Contest€Will€AfterÐ ° ÐProbate,€is€true€to€the€best€of€her€knowledge,€information€and€belief.Мì` x` x ÐÌThe€complaint€contains€no€other€oaths.€€Ð tÄ ÐÌÔ€nXâ» XXXIÔÔ#†n¼±ï » XnXâ»+#ÔÔ€nXâ» X »n¼±ïÔà  àIn€response€to€the€plaintiffsðð€complaint,€the€defendants€filed€a€motion€to€dismiss€on€April€1,Ð L œ Ð1998,€based€upon€the€following€grounds:€that€the€plaintiffs€failed€to€file€any€proof€or€even€a€copy€ofÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€1992€will;€that€the€1992€will€failed€to€meet€the€requirements€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€32„3„107Ð $ t Ð(2001)€regarding€the€establishment€of€a€contract€to€make€a€will€or€not€to€revoke€a€will;€that€the€willÐ  ` Ðsought€to€be€probated€was€not€properly€drafted;€that€the€plaintiffs€had€no€standing€to€bring€thisÐ ü L  Ðaction;€and€that€the€complaint€failed€to€state€a€claim€upon€which€relief€can€be€granted.€€€€€€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àÔ‡XIX XnXâ»ÔIt€appears€that€in€February,€1999,€more€than€a€year€after€the€testatorððs€death,€the€partiesÐ À  Ðappeared€before€the€trial€court.€€At€that€time,€the€court€directed€the€plaintiffs€to€file€the€original€ofÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€1992€will€within€30€days.Ô#†nXâ» XXXIK7#ÔÐ ˜è  ÐÌà  àOn€March€16,€1999,€in€response€to€the€trial€courtððs€directive€to€produce€the€1992€will,€theÐ pÀ Ðplaintiffs€submitted€a€statement€asserting€that€the€original€1992€will€and€the€original€of€the€twoÐ \¬ Ðmemoranda€of€understanding,€the€one€executed€by€the€testator€and€the€one€executed€by€Joy€DonnellyÐ H˜ ÐCook,€were€ð ðnot€availableðð€to€the€plaintiffs.€€The€plaintiffs€further€averred,€however,€that€theÐ 4„ Ðexistence€of€the€will€could€be€demonstrated€by€affidavits€from€the€plaintiffs€as€well€as€the€affidavitÐ  p Ðof€Elizabeth€Williams,€the€Louisiana€attorney€who€witnessed€the€execution€of€the€1992€will.€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àÔ‡XIX XnXâ»ÔIn€an€affidavit€filed€in€this€cause,€Elizabeth€Williams€stated€that€she€informed€both€partiesÐ ä4 Ðthat€the€will€could€be€changed€ð ðprior€to€death€of€either€one€of€them,ðð€but€that€she€ð ðfurther€informedÐ Ð  Ðthem€that€after€the€death€of€either€party€the€documents€become€irrevocable€and€could€not€beÐ ¼  Ðchanged.ðð€€€Lisa€Donnelly€Gelfand€stated€in€her€affidavit€that€she€met€with€the€testator€at€some€pointÐ ¨ø Ðafter€her€motherððs€death.€€According€to€her,€the€testator€showed€her€a€document€signed€by€the€testatorÐ ”ä Ðand€her€mother,€which€provided€that€the€house€on€Galax€Drive€was€to€be€left€to€the€DonnellyÐ €Ð Ðchildren,€the€Florida€property€would€be€devised€to€his€sons,€and€the€IRA€investment€account€wouldÐ l¼ Ðbe€divided€equally€among€all€seven€children.€€Ms.€Gelfand€further€stated€that€prior€to€the€testatorððsÐ X ¨ Ðmarriage€to€Jo€Ann€Parsley,€he€assured€her€that€nothing€was€going€to€change€regarding€his€agreementÐ D!” Ðwith€Ms.€Gelfandððs€mother.€€Both€Sandra€Donnelly€Schweitzer€and€Susan€Donnelly€Crowe€statedÐ 0"€  Ðby€way€of€affidavit€that€following€their€motherððs€death€in€January,€1993,€they€visited€the€testator,€atÐ #l! Ðwhich€time€he€produced€a€document€for€them€to€read.€€Both€affiants€stated€that€the€document€recitedÐ $X" Ðthat€the€Galax€Drive€residence€would€pass€to€the€Donnelly€children€and€that€the€money€was€to€beÐ ô$D # Ðdivided€equally€among€all€of€the€children.€€They€stated€that€the€document€was€signed€by€their€motherÐ à%0!$ Ðand€the€testator.€€Sandra€Donnelly€Schweitzer€stated€that€she€ð ðrecognized€[the€document]€as€the€sameÐ Ì&"% Ðdocument€that€[the€testator]€and€[her]€mother€signed€at€Attorney€Elizabeth€Williamsðð€office€in€NewÐ ¸'#& ÐOrleans€in€March€of€1992.ðð€€Ð ¤(ô#' Ðâ â€Ô#†nXâ» XXXI‘;#ÔÐ )à$( ÐÔ‡XIX XnXâ»Ôà  àWhile€the€plaintiffs€furnished€a€copy€of€the€1992€will€on€March€16,€1999,€they€contend€thatÐ ° Ða€copy€had€also€been€affixed€to€the€original€complaint€filed€on€March€6,€1998.Ô#†nXâ» XXXI°C#Ô€€As€we€haveÐ œì Ðpreviously€noted,€the€record€before€us€does€not€otherwise€substantiate€this€latter€contention.Ð ˆØ Ðâ âÌà  àThe€case€was€subsequently€removed€to€circuit€court€upon€motion€of€the€defendants.€€TheÐ `° Ðplaintiffs€later€filed€a€complaint€in€circuit€court€to€enforce€a€contract€to€make€a€will€along€with€aÐ L œ Ðpetition€for€certiorari.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€pleadings€were€consolidated€on€December€20,€1999.€€In€circuit€court,Ð 8 ˆ Ðthe€defendants€moved€for€summary€judgment€on€the€grounds€that€the€testator€was,€in€fact,€competentÐ $ t Ðat€the€time€the€1997€will€was€executed,€and€that€the€1992€will€contained€no€contract€term€provingÐ  ` Ðthat€the€joint€will€was€irrevocable.€€In€its€order€entered€April€6,€2000,€the€circuit€court€deniedÐ ü L  Ðsummary€judgment€on€the€issue€of€testamentary€capacity.€€As€to€whether€the€1992€will€contained€theÐ è 8  Ðstatutory€language€required€by€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€32„3„107(a)(3)׃kÜ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€to€make€a€will€irrevocable,€theÐ Ô$  Ðcircuit€court€initially€found€that€the€will€did€not€contain€the€required€statutory€language.€€However,Ð À  Ðthe€court€subsequently€reversed€its€decision€on€this€issue,€citing€lack€of€jurisdiction€to€adjudicate€theÐ ¬ü  Ðbreach€of€contract€claim.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àOn€remand€of€the€breach€of€contract€claim€to€the€trial€court,€that€court€was€called€upon€to€ruleÐ pÀ Ðupon€the€issue€of€whether€the€parties€had€entered€into€a€contract€to€make€an€irrevocable€joint€will.€Ð \¬ ÐFollowing€the€receipt€of€oral€argument€on€February€23,€2002,€the€trial€court€entered€an€order€on€AprilÐ H˜ Ð24,€2002,€denying€the€defendantsðð€motion€for€summary€judgment€as€to€ð ðthe€assertion€that€no€contractÐ 4„ Ðterm€existed€providing€that€the€alleged€will€was€ððirrevocableðð.ðð׃˜×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€It€did€so€because€it€found€that€theÐ  p Ðcopy€of€the€1992€will€evidenced€the€testatorððs€intent€to€enter€into€a€contract€and€reciprocal€will€withÐ  \ ÐJoy€Donnelly€Cook.€€The€trial€court€reserved€ruling,€however,€on€the€following€issues:€whetherÐ øH Ðenforcement€of€the€contract€was€procedurally€improper€given€the€fact€that€no€claim€was€filed€againstÐ ä4 Ðthe€estate;€whether€lack€of€an€original€will€raised€a€presumption€that€one€or€both€testators€revokedÐ ° Ðthe€will;€and€whether€the€òòin€terroremóó€clause€contained€in€the€1997€will€necessitated€a€holding€thatÐ œì Ðthe€plaintiffs€had€forfeited€their€legacies€by€filing€this€action.€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€addressed€the€issues€that€remained€in€an€order€entered€on€November€21,€2003.€Ð `° ÐIn€that€order,€it€decreed€as€follows:Ð L œ ÐÌà  àà8 ` àPlaintiffsðð€claim€of€irrevocability€of€the€[1992€will]€is€òòdeniedóó,€noÐ $ t Ðproper€claim€having€been€filed€in€probate.Ð `` x` x ÐÌà  àà8 ` à[The€1992€will]€is€hereby€òòrevokedóó€by€the€absence€of€an€original€andÐ è 8  Ðthe€execution€by€[the€testator]€of€the€subsequent€November€26,€1997Ð Ô$  Ðwill.ÐÀ ` x` x ÐÌà  àà8 ` àThe€òòin€terroremóó€clause€does€not€apply€to€the€facts€presented€beforeÐ ˜è  Ðthis€Court€at€the€present€time.Ð„Ô ` x` x Ðà  à€€€€€Ð pÀ Ðòòóó(Paragraph€numbering€omitted;€emphasis€in€original).€€It€is€from€this€order€that€the€plaintiffs€appeal.Ð \¬ ÐÌà@TTìàII.€€òòStandard€of€ReviewóóˆÐ 4„ ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€did€not€hear€the€testimony€of€any€ð ðliveðð€witnesses.€€The€facts€before€the€lowerÐ  \ Ðcourt,€and€now€before€us,€come€from€the€pleadings,€affidavits,€and€other€material€filed€as€a€part€ofÐ øH Ðthe€record€below.€€While€the€trial€courtððs€discussion€of€the€facts€and€its€analysis€and€conclusions€areÐ ä4 Ðnot€couched€in€summary€judgment€phraseology,€it€is€clear€to€us€that€the€trial€court€approached€thisÐ Ð  Ðcase€as€one€to€be€analyzed€under€the€rubric€of€summary€judgment.€€Hence,€our€approach€is€the€same.Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àOne€of€the€grounds€of€the€defendantsðð€motion€to€dismiss€is€predicated€upon€the€alleged€failureÐ ”ä Ðof€the€plaintiffs€to€file€a€properly„supported€claim.€€However,€in€addressing€this€issue,€the€trial€courtÐ €Ð Ðlooked€at€the€entire€record,€including€material€outside€the€pleadings.€€This€being€the€case,€weÐ l¼ Ðevaluate€the€propriety€of€the€trial€courtððs€judgment€on€this€issue€under€the€principles€of€summaryÐ X ¨ Ðjudgment.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€P.€12.03.Ð D!” ÐÌà  àÔ‡XIX XnXâ»ÔIn€deciding€whether€a€grant€of€summary€judgment€is€appropriate,€courts€are€to€determine€Ô#†nXâ» XXXI&Y#ÔÔ‡ Xâ» X XnXâ»Ôð ðifÐ #l! Ðthe€pleadings,€depositions,€answers€to€interrogatories,€and€admissions€on€file,€together€with€theÐ $X" Ðaffidavits,€if€any,€show€that€there€is€no€genuine€issue€as€to€any€material€fact€and€that€the€moving€partyÐ ô$D # Ðis€entitled€to€a€judgment€as€a€matter€of€law.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€P.€56.04.€€Courts€ð ðmust€take€the€strongestÐ à%0!$ Ðlegitimate€view€of€the€evidenceÔ#†nXâ» X X Xâ»ÀY#ÔÔ‡XIX XnXâ»Ô€in€favor€of€the€nonmoving€party,€allow€all€reasonable€inferences€inÐ Ì&"% Ðfavor€of€that€party,€and€discard€all€countervailing€evidence.ðð€€ò òòòByrd€v.€Halló óóó,€847€S.W.2d€208,€210„11Ð ¸'#& Ð(Tenn.€1993)€(citations€omitted).€€The€party€seeking€summary€judgment€has€the€initial€burden€ofÐ ¤(ô#' Ðdemonstrating€that€there€is€no€genuine€issue€of€material€fact€and€that€it€is€entitled€to€a€judgment€asÐ )à$( Ða€matter€of€law.€€òòò òId.ó óóó€at€215.€Ð |*Ì%) Ðò òòòóóó óÔ#†nXâ» XXXI³[#ÔÔ‡XIX XnXâ»ÔÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àÔ#†nXâ» XXXI^#ÔÔ‡XIX XnXâ»ÔSummary€judgment€should€be€granted€ð ðwhen€both€the€facts€and€the€conclusions€to€be€drawnÐ ° Ðfrom€the€facts€permit€a€reasonable€person€to€reach€only€one€conclusion.ðð€€ò òòòCarvell€v.€Bottomsó óóó,€900Ð œì ÐS.W.2d€23,€26€(Tenn.€1995)€(citation€omitted).€€ð ð[S]ummary€judgment€proceedings€are€not€in€anyÐ ˆØ Ðsense€to€be€viewed€as€a€substitute€for€a€trial€of€disputed€factual€issues.ðð€€Ô#†nXâ» XXXIs^#ÔÔ‡XIX XnXâ»Ôò òòòEvco€Corp.€v.€Rossó óóó,€528Ð tÄ ÐS.W.2d€20,€25€(Tenn.€1975).€€Ô#†nXâ» XXXIo`#Ôò òòòó óóóÔ‡XIX XnXâ»ÔSince€a€motion€for€summary€judgment€presents€a€pure€question€of€law,Ð `° Ðour€review€is€òòde€novoóó€with€no€presumption€of€correctness€as€to€the€trial€courtððs€judgment.€€ò òòòGonzalesÐ L œ Ðv.€Alman€Constr.€Co.ó óóó,€857€S.W.2d€42,€44„45€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1993).€€€Ô#†nXâ» XXXIa#ÔÔ‡XIX XnXâ»ÔÐ 8 ˆ ÐÔ#†nXâ» XXXIb#ÔÌÓ  ÓIII.€€òòPartiesðð€Contentionsà @ àóóÐ  ` ÐÌÓ  Óà  àThe€plaintiffs€contend€that€the€trial€court€erred€(1)€when€it€found€that€they€failed€to€properlyÐ è 8  Ðfile€their€claim€against€the€testatorððs€estate,€and€(2)€when€it€found€that€the€1992€will€wasÐ Ô$  Ðpresumptively€revoked.€€The€defendants€counter€that€the€trial€court€correctly€held€that€the€plaintiffsÐ À  Ðfailed€to€properly€file€a€claim€of€irrevocability;€they€agree€with€the€trial€courtððs€holding€that€the€1992Ð ¬ü  Ðwill€is€presumed€to€be€revoked.€€In€addition,€the€defendants€contend€that€the€trial€court€erred€withÐ ˜è  Ðrespect€to€its€holding€that€theòò€in€terroremóó€clause€contained€in€the€1997€will€was€not€implicated€byÐ „Ô  Ðthe€facts€of€this€case.€€According€to€the€defendants,€the€plaintiffs€forfeited€their€legacies€under€theÐ pÀ Ð1997€will€by€filing€their€complaints€against€the€estate.€Ð \¬ ÐÌÑ€p¿[Ñà@==ìàIV.€€òòPlaintiffsðð€Claim€Against€EstateˆÐ 4„ ÐóóÌà  àThe€first€issue€raised€by€the€plaintiffs€concerns€the€trial€courtððs€reliance€on€our€decision€inÐ  \ Ðò òòòRogers€v.€Russelló óóó,€733€S.W.2d€79€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1986).€€The€trial€court€relied€on€that€case€toÐ øH Ðsupport€its€holding€that€the€plaintiffs€failed€to€properly€bring€a€claim€against€the€estate€seeking€toÐ ä4 Ðenforce€the€contract€not€to€revoke€the€1992€joint€will.€€In€ò òòòRogersó óóó,€this€court€addressed€the€mannerÐ Ð  Ðby€which€one€may€assert€an€allegation€that€a€will€executed€prior€to€the€one€admitted€to€probate€wasÐ ¼  Ðirrevocable.€€ò òòòId.ó óóó€at€83.€€We€held€that€a€will€contest€case€is€not€the€proper€proceeding€within€whichÐ ¨ø Ðto€assert€òòóóthe€irrevocability€of€a€prior€will.€òòò ò€Id.ó óóó€€In€so€holding,€we€noted€the€ð ðdifference€between€theÐ ”ä Ðtestamentary€and€contractual€aspects€of€a€joint€will.ðð€€ò òòòId.ó óóó€€We€further€held€that€a€party€seeking€toÐ €Ð Ðraise€the€contract€issue€must€proceed€by€filing€a€òòclaim€against€the€decedentððs€estateóó,òò€óóaverring€thatÐ l¼ Ðthe€decedent€breached€a€contract€by€executing€a€subsequent€will.€€ò òòòId.ó óóó€at€85.ò òòòó óóó€Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àThe€plaintiffs€seem€to€argue€that€ò òòòRogersó óóó€provides€for€two€different€ð ðvehiclesðð€for€pursuingÐ 0"€  Ða€complaint€for€breach€of€contract€not€to€revoke€a€joint€will.€€In€support€of€this€proposition,€theÐ #l! Ðplaintiffs€cite€language€from€ò òòòRogersóóó ó,ò òòòó ó€óówhich€language€comes€from€a€treatise:Ð $X" ÐÌà  àà8 ` àFrequently€joint€or€mutual€wills€are€made€in€pursuance€of€anÐ à%0!$ Ðagreement€or€compact€not€to€revoke€them.€€Here€it€is€important€toÐ Ì&"% Ðdistinguish€between€the€concept€of€wills€and€that€of€contracts.€€OurÐ ¸'#& Ðlaw€has€no€separate€concept€of€ð ðwill€made€in€pursuance€of€contract;ððÐ ¤(ô#' Ðwe€must€treat€the€will€part€as€a€will€and€the€contract€part€as€a€contract.Ð)à$(` x` x Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àà8 ` àViewed€in€the€aspect€of€a€will,€such€instruments€do€not€differ€fromÐ ° Ðâ âother€wills.€€In€order€to€be€effective,€they€must€be€admitted€to€probateÐ œì Ðand€they€are€revocable€although€there€has€been€an€agreement€not€toÐ ˆØ Ðrevoke.€€The€matter€of€the€contractual€aspect€does€not€properly€ariseÐ tÄ Ðupon€probate,€but€only€when€the€agreement€is€sought€to€be€establishedÐ `° Ðas€a€claim€against€the€estate,€òòor€in€a€proceeding€against€theÐ L œ Ðsuccessors€of€the€decedentóó.Ð8 ˆ` x` x ÐÌò òòòId.ó óóó€at€84€(quoting€T.€Atkinson,€ò òòòHandbook€on€the€Law€of€Willsó óóó€ðð€49,€at€224€(2d€ed.€1953))€(emphasisÐ  ` Ðadded).€€By€relying€upon€the€above„cited€language,€particularly€the€clause€providing€that€a€claim€toÐ ü L  Ðenforce€a€contract€may€be€ð ðestablished€as€a€claim€against€the€estate,€òòoróó€in€a€proceeding€against€theÐ è 8  Ðsuccessors€of€the€decedent,ðð€ò òòòid.€ó óóó(emphasis€added),€it€appears€that€the€plaintiffs€understand€ò òòòRogersó óóóÐ Ô$  Ðto€stand€for€the€proposition€that€such€a€claim€can€be€made€by€filing€a€separate€lawsuit€against€theÐ À  Ðpersonal€representatives€of€the€deceased€rather€than€by€filing€a€claim€in€probate€against€the€estate.€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àò òòòRogersó óóó€does€seem€to€suggest€some€type€of€alternative€way€to€pursue€the€subject€claim.€€Yet,Ð „Ô  Ðeven€assuming€this€is€true,€we€are€dealing€in€the€instant€case€with€a€claim€that€was€filed€in€probateÐ pÀ Ðcourt,€and€there€is€certainly€nothing€in€ò òòòRogersó óóó€to€suggest€that€a€claimant€can€pursue€differentÐ \¬ Ðremedies€for€the€same€cause€of€action€in€different€forums€at€the€same€time.€€The€plaintiffs€pursuedÐ H˜ Ðtheir€claim€to€enforce€the€contract€not€to€revoke€the€1992€will€in€probate€court,€and,€under€ò òòòRogersó óóó,Ð 4„ Ðthat€court€had€jurisdiction€to€dispose€of€that€claim.€€The€only€other€proceeding€filed€by€the€plaintiffsÐ  p Ðwas€the€complaint€in€circuit€court€in€connection€with€their€òòwill€contestóó,€a€proceeding€that€is€stillÐ  \ Ðpending€there.€€It€was€subsequently€determined€by€the€circuit€court€that€it€lacked€jurisdiction€to€tryÐ øH Ðthe€breach€of€contract€claim.€€As€previously€noted,€the€circuit€court€remanded€the€case€to€the€trialÐ ä4 Ðcourt€for€the€purpose€of€deciding€the€breach€of€contract€claim.€€Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àWe€believe€that€ò òòòRogersó óóó€stands€for€the€proposition€that€a€claim€for€breach€of€contract€not€toÐ ¨ø Ðrevoke€a€will,€òòhowever€it€is€styledóó,€must€be€filed€in€probate€court,€must€be€timely€filed,€and€mustÐ ”ä Ðsatisfy€the€procedural€requirements€of€òòóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€30„2„307€(2001).€€Since€the€plaintiffs€filedÐ €Ð Ða€claim€in€the€trial€court,€we€hold€that€it€was€properly€addressed€by€that€court.Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àWe€now€turn€to€the€issue€of€whether€the€claim€in€probate€was€timely€and€whether€it€was€filedÐ D!” Ðin€compliance€with€the€statutory€requirements.Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àIn€order€to€bring€a€claim€against€an€estate,€a€party€must€file€within€the€statutory€period.€Ð $X" ÐDepending€upon€the€circumstances,€this€period€is€either€four€months€from€the€first€publication€ofÐ ô$D # Ðnotice,€òòseeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€30„2„306(c)€(2001),€or€a€year€from€the€decedentððs€death,€òòseeóó€Tenn.Ð à%0!$ ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€30„2„307(a)(1).€€It€is€incumbent€upon€the€estateððs€personal€representatives€to€furnishÐ Ì&"% Ðnotice€of€the€statutory€period€to€all€creditors€of€whom€the€representative€has€ð ðactual€knowledge€orÐ ¸'#& Ðwho€are€reasonably€ascertainable.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€30„2„306(e).€€This€notice€ð ðmust,€at€aÐ ¤(ô#' Ðminimum,€include€information€regarding€the€commencement€of€probate€proceedings€and€the€timeÐ )à$( Ðperiod€within€which€claims€must€be€filed€with€the€probate€court.ðð€€ò òòòEstate€of€Jenkins€v.€Guytonó óóó,€912Ð |*Ì%) ÐS.W.2d€134,€138€(Tenn.€1995).€€Ð h+¸&* Їà  àThe€plaintiffs€first€argue€that,€contrary€to€the€trial€courtððs€finding,€their€claim€was€timely€filedÐ ° Ðbecause€the€defendants€failed€to€furnish€proper€notice.€€In€particular,€the€plaintiffs€contend€that€the€Ð œì Ðletter׃h×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€sent€on€January€8,€1998,€informing€them€of€the€testatorððs€death€did€not€indicate€the€time€periodÐ ˆØ Ðwithin€which€claims€must€be€filed.€€The€defendants€counter€that€they€notified€the€plaintiffs€asÐ tÄ Ðòòbeneficiariesóó€under€the€1997€will€and€not€as€òòcreditorsóó€because€they€were€unaware€of€the€allegedÐ `° Ðcontract,€òòi.e.óó,€the€1992€will,€upon€which€the€plaintiffs€rely€to€support€their€claim€for€breach€ofÐ L œ Ðcontract.€€Consequently,€according€to€the€defendants,€the€plaintiffs€were€not€ð ðreasonablyÐ 8 ˆ Ðascertainableðð€creditors€and€thus€not€entitled€to€the€notice€due€a€creditor.Ð $ t ÐÌà  àIn€ò òòòGuytonó óóó,€the€Supreme€Court€held€that€a€letter€furnished€to€a€creditor€that€failed€to€containÐ ü L  Ðinformation€as€to€the€time€for€filing€a€claim€failed€to€satisfy€the€notice€requirement€set€forth€in€Tenn.Ð è 8  ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€30„2„306.€€òòò òId.ó óóó€€As€a€consequence€of€this€failure,€the€creditor€was€granted€one€year€fromÐ Ô$  Ðthe€date€of€the€testatorððs€death€within€which€to€file€its€claim.€€ò òòòId.ó óóó€at€137.€€Similarly,€in€the€instantÐ À  Ðcase,€the€January€8,€1998,€letter€to€the€plaintiffs€was€not€sufficient€because€of€its€failure€to€provideÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€time€frame€for€filing€claims.€€However,€the€language€of€the€notice€is€only€material€if€the€plaintiffsÐ ˜è  Ðare€entitled€to€the€statuteððs€protection€as€a€known€or€ð ðreasonably€ascertainableðð€òòcreditoróó.€Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àWe€do€not€need€to€reach€the€issue€of€whether€the€plaintiffs€were€known€to€the€defendants€asÐ \¬ Ðcreditors€or€were€ð ðreasonably€ascertainableðð€as€creditors.€€The€trial€court€found€that€notice€was€timelyÐ H˜ Ðand€sufficient.€€Even€if€we€were€to€disagree€with€the€trial€court€on€this€issue,€this€would€not€affectÐ 4„ Ðour€decision€in€this€case.€€As€discussed€herein,€even€if€the€plaintiffs€were€entitled€to€the€period€of€oneÐ  p Ðyear€from€the€date€of€the€testatorððs€death€within€which€to€file€their€claim,€they€failed€to€file€aÐ  \ Ðproperly„supported€claim€in€this€case.€€€€€Ð øH ÐÌà  àThe€plaintiffs€argue€that€they€timely€filed€their€action€to€enforce€the€contract€not€to€revokeÐ Ð  Ðby€filing€a€complaint€in€the€trial€court€on€March€6,€1998,€within€three€months€of€the€testatorððs€death.€Ð ¼  ÐThey€contend€that€they€complied€with€the€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€30„2„307(b)€requirement€ð!ð€that€a€claimÐ ¨ø Ðinvolving€a€written€instrument€be€filed€with€the€writing€affixed€thereto€along€with€a€sworn€affidavitÐ ”ä Ðstating€that€the€claim€is€ð ða€correct,€just€and€valid€obligation€of€the€estate€of€the€decedentðð€ð!ð€by€filingÐ €Ð Ða€verified€complaint€with€a€copy€of€the€1992€will€attached€to€the€complaint.€€As€we€have€previouslyÐ l¼ Ðnoted,€the€ð ðComplaint€After€Probateðð€in€the€record€before€us€does€òònotóó€have€a€copy€of€the€1992€willÐ ° Ðaffixed€to€it.€€The€copy€of€that€will€does€not€appear€in€the€record€until€March€16,€1999€ð!ð€almost€15Ð œì Ðmonths€after€the€testatorððs€death€ð!ð€when€the€plaintiffs,€in€response€to€a€February,€1999,€court€orderÐ ˆØ Ðto€produce€the€original€of€the€1992€will,€filed€a€statement€averring€that€neither€the€original€will€norÐ tÄ Ðthe€originals€of€the€memoranda€of€understanding€were€available.€€At€that€time,€the€plaintiffsÐ `° Ðsubmitted€a€document€which€purports€to€be€a€copy€of€the€1992€will€as€executed,€along€with€affidavitsÐ L œ Ðfrom€the€Donnelly€children€and€the€attorney€who€drafted€the€1992€will.€€Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€found€that€ð ðno€copy€of€the€alleged€will€was€attached€as€pled€in€the€Complaint.ðð€Ð  ` ÐSubsequently,€the€trial€court€found€the€claim€was€procedurally€improper,€stating€that€€€Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àà8 ` à[n]o€proper€claim€having€been€filed€in€this€Court€against€the€estate€ofÐ Ô$  Ð[the€testator]€leaves€Plaintiffs€without€remedy.€€The€timeframe€[sic]Ð À  Ðfor€filing€any€claims€against€the€[testatorððs]€estate€has€passed.€€TheÐ ¬ü  Ðonly€submission€to€this€Court€has€been€the€filing€of€affidavits€andÐ ˜è  Ðmotion€filed€March€16,€1999€stating€the€original€wills€executed€byÐ „Ô  Ð[the€testator]€and€Joy€Cook€in€Louisiana€are€not€available,€withoutÐ pÀ Ðany€demand€being€made€against€the€estate.€€Therefore,€this€CourtÐ \¬ Ðfinds€that€enforcement€of€a€Contract€Not€to€Revoke€is€procedurallyÐ H˜ Ðimproper€due€to€no€claim€being€timely€filed€against€the€estate.€Ð4„` x` x ÐÌThe€plaintiffs€contend€that€the€trial€courtððs€interpretation€of€the€record€is€erroneous.€€TheyÐ  \ Ðstrenuously€argue€that€a€copy€of€the€1992€will€was€affixed€to€their€complaint€filed€on€March€6,€1998.€Ð øH ÐIn€support€of€this€argument,€they€contend:€(1)€that€the€inclusion€of€the€1992€will€is€evidenced€by€theÐ ä4 Ðlanguage€contained€in€the€complaint€which€reads€that€ð ð[a]€copy€of€that€€joint€Will€is€attached€heretoÐ Ð  Ðand€intended€to€be€read€as€an€integral€part€hereofðð;€(2)€that€over€the€seven„year€course€of€thisÐ ¼  Ðlitigation,€the€copy€of€the€will€must€have€been€removed€or€lost€from€the€probate€court€file;€and€(3)Ð ¨ø Ðthat€the€existence€of€the€1992€will€is€evidenced€by€pleadings€in€the€technical€record.€€They€point€toÐ ”ä Ðthe€defendantsðð€motion€to€dismiss,€in€which€the€defendants€contended€that€the€1992€will€fails€toÐ €Ð Ðsatisfy€the€requirements€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€32„3„107€regarding€the€establishment€of€a€contractÐ l¼ Ðto€make€a€will€or€to€create€a€presumption€of€contract€to€refrain€from€making€a€will,€and€that€the€willÐ X ¨ Ðwas€not€properly€drafted.€€Therefore,€so€the€argument€goes,€the€defendants€must€have€had€a€copy€ofÐ D!” Ðthe€will€when€they€made€this€defense.€€The€defendantsðð€motion,€however,€specifically€stated€that€theÐ 0"€  Ðplaintiffs€have€not€filed€an€ð ðoriginal€or€even€a€copy€of€the€will.ðð€Ð #l! ÐÌà  àTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€30„2„307(b)€provides€as€follows:Ð ô$D # ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àWhen€any€claim€is€evidenced€by€a€written€instrument,€suchÐ Ì&"% Ðinstrument€or€a€photocopy€of€such€instrument€shall€be€filed;€.€.€.€;€andÐ ¸'#& Ðevery€claim€shall€be€verified€by€affidavit€of€the€creditor€before€anÐ ¤(ô#' Ðofficer€authorized€to€administer€oaths,€which€affidavit€shall€state€thatÐ )à$( Ðthe€claim€is€a€correct,€just€and€valid€obligation€of€the€estate€of€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðdecedent,€that€neither€the€claimant€nor€any€other€person€on€theÐ h+¸&* ÐÑp¿[ Ñâ pâÑ„°Ñâ pâÑ  Ñclaimantððs€behalf€has€received€payment€thereof,€in€whole€or€in€part,Ð ° Ðexcept€such€as€is€credited€thereon,€and€that€no€security€therefore€hasÐ œì Ðbeen€received,€except€as€thereon€stated.ЈØ` x` x ÐÌWe€hold€that€the€plaintiffsðð€ð ðComplaint€After€Probateðð€can€be€fairly€construed,€at€least€in€part,€as€aÐ `° Ðclaim€against€the€estate€for€breach€of€contract€based€upon€the€theory€that€the€testator€entered€into€anÐ L œ Ðirrevocable€joint€will€with€Ms.€Cook€and€thereafter,€in€violation€of€his€agreement,€executed€the€1997Ð 8 ˆ Ðwill.€€We€recognize€that€the€complaint€seeks€certification€and€transfer€to€the€circuit€court€as€a€willÐ $ t Ðcontest;€however,€it€also€clearly€claims€that€the€testator€breached€his€agreement€with€Ms.€Cook.€Ð  ` ÐWhile€the€breach€of€contract€claim€is€not€properly€a€part€of€the€will€contest,€it€was€asserted€in€theÐ ü L  Ðplaintiffsðð€complaint€and€we€are€satisfied€that€it€should€be€construed€as€a€claim€against€the€estate.Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àWhile€the€ð ðComplaint€After€Probateðð€was€timely€filed€ð!ð€being€filed€within€three€months€ofÐ À  Ðthe€testatorððs€death€ð!ð€€it€totally€failed€to€comply€with€the€above„quoted€provisions€of€Tenn.€CodeÐ ¬ü  ÐAnn.€ðð€30„2„307(b).€€First,€there€is€no€credible€evidence€that€the€critical€written€documentsÐ ˜è  Ðunderlying€the€claim€ð!ð€the€copies€of€the€1992€will€and€related€memoranda,€all€allegedly€signed€onÐ „Ô  Ðthe€same€date€ð!ð€were€filed€with€the€claim.€€The€only€credible€evidence€is€that€they€first€were€broughtÐ pÀ Ðto€the€trial€courtððs€attention€some€15€months€after€the€testatorððs€death.€€Furthermore,€it€is€clear€thatÐ \¬ Ðthe€claim€filed€on€March€6,€1998,€does€not€contain€the€oath€mandated€by€the€above„referencedÐ H˜ Ðstatute.€€In€fact,€the€requisite€oath€was€never€filed€in€this€case€at€any€stage€in€the€proceedings.€€Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àGiven€the€record€before€us,€we€hold€that€the€defendants€were€entitled€to€summary€judgmentÐ  \ Ðon€their€defense€that€the€plaintiffs€did€not€file€a€properly„supported€claim€with€the€requisite€oath.€Ð øH ÐWhile€the€ð ðComplaint€After€Probate,ðð€construed€most€favorably€to€the€plaintiffs,€was€timely€filed,Ð ä4 Ðit€was€not€in€proper€form€and€we€believe€the€trial€court€reached€the€correct€conclusion€when€itÐ Ð  Ðdisallowed€it€by€way€of€summary€judgment.Ð ¼  ÐÌÓ  ÓV.€€òòPresumption€of€RevocationóóÐ ”ä ÐÓ3©ÓÌà  àAs€an€alternative€basis€for€rejecting€the€plaintiffsðð€claim,€the€trial€court€concluded€that€theÐ l¼ Ðplaintiffs€had€failed€to€overcome€the€presumption€of€revocation€arising€out€of€their€failure€to€produceÐ X ¨ Ðthe€original€documentation,€òòi.e.óó,€the€1992€will€and€accompanying€memoranda.€€In€so€holding,€weÐ D!” Ðbelieve€the€trial€court€erred.€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àWhen€an€original€will€is€lost,€the€proponent€of€that€will€must€demonstrate€the€following:€(1)Ð $X" Ðthat€the€will€was€executed€in€accordance€with€the€law;€(2)€the€substance€and€contents€of€the€will;€andÐ ô$D # Ð(3)€that€the€will€had€not€been€revoked,€and€that€it€is€lost,€destroyed€or€cannot€be€found€after€a€due€andÐ à%0!$ Ðproper€search.€€ò òòòIn€re€Estate€of€Westó óóó,€729€S.W.2d€676,€678€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1987)€(citations€omitted).€Ð Ì&"% ÐNot€one,€but€all€three€of€these€elements€must€be€demonstrated€by€ð ðthe€clearest€and€most€stringentÐ ¸'#& Ðevidenceðð€or€ð ðclear,€cogent€and€convincing€proof.ðð€€ò òòòShrum€v.€Powelló óóó,€604€S.W.2d€869,€871€(Tenn.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐCt.€App.€1980)€(citation€omitted).€€It€is€further€incumbent€upon€the€proponent€of€the€lost€will€toÐ )à$( Ðovercome€the€presumption€that€failure€to€locate€the€will€means€that€the€testator€destroyed€the€will.€Ð |*Ì%) Ðòòò òIn€re€Estate€of€Westó óóó,€729€S.W.2d€at€678ò òòòó óóó€(citations€omitted).€€Therefore,€to€overcome€thisÐ h+¸&* Ðâ âpresumption,€one€ð ðmust€prove€that€the€testator€did€not€have€custody€and€control€of€the€will€afterÐ T,¤'+ Ðexecution,€or€that€he€had€lost€his€testamentary€capacity€for€a€period€before€his€death€and€that€the€willÐ ° Ðwas€in€existence€at€the€time€the€loss€of€competency€occurred.ðð€€ò òòòId.ó óóó€(citation€omitted).€€Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àThe€trial€court€found€the€following€with€respect€to€the€application€of€the€presumption€ofÐ tÄ Ðrevocation€to€the€facts€before€it:Ð `° ÐÌà  àà8 ` àOne€who€seeks€to€establish€a€lost€or€destroyed€will€assumes€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðburden€of€overcoming€this€presumption€by€adequate€proof.€€It€is€notÐ $ t Ðsufficient€to€show€the€persons€interested€in€establishing€intestacy€haveÐ  ` Ðan€opportunity€to€destroy€the€will.€€One€must€go€further€and€show€byÐ ü L  Ðfacts€and€circumstances€that€the€will€was€actually€lost€or€destroyedÐ è 8  Ðfraudulently€against€and€not€in€accordance€with€the€wishes€and€intentÐ Ô$  Ðof€the€testator.ÐÀ ` x` x ÐÌà  àà8 ` àThe€Plaintiffs€in€response€to€this€Courtððs€direction€to€produce€anÐ ˜è  Ðoriginal€will€filed€an€affidavit.€€No€original€will€has€ever€beenÐ „Ô  Ðproduced.€€No€facts€nor€circumstances€have€been€raised€to€prove€thatÐ pÀ Ðthe€will€was€destroyed€against€and€not€in€accordance€with€the€wishesÐ \¬ Ðand€intentions€of€the€€testators.€€Therefore,€as€a€matter€of€law,€theÐ H˜ Ðpresumption€of€revocation€applies.Ð4„` x` x ÐÌà  àThe€affidavit€from€Elizabeth€Williams,€the€attorney€who€notarized€the€1992€will€and€theÐ  \ Ðaccompanying€memoranda,€supports€a€finding€that€the€1992€will€was€executed€in€accordance€withÐ øH Ðlaw.€€The€substance€of€the€will€is€shown€by€the€copy€that€was€ultimately€filed€with€the€court.€€TheÐ ä4 Ðaffidavits€of€the€Donnelly€children€arguably€show€that€the€1992€joint€will€and€the€memoranda€ofÐ Ð  Ðirrevocablity€were€not€revoked€by€the€testator€and€Ms.€Cook€òòprior€to€her€deathóó.€€Certainly,€theÐ ¼  Ðplaintiffsðð€filings,€including€the€affidavits,€make€out€a€genuine€issue€of€material€fact€on€the€issue€ofÐ ¨ø Ðwhether€the€joint€will€was€irrevocable€and€whether€that€will€was€revoked€by€the€testator€and€Ms.Ð ”ä ÐCook€prior€to€the€latterððs€death.€€If€the€joint€will€was€irrevocable€and€if€it€was€not€revoked€by€the€twoÐ €Ð Ðof€them€prior€to€Ms.€Cookððs€death,€it€is€immaterial€that€the€testatorððs€1997€will€contains€a€provisionÐ l¼ Ðrevoking€ð ðall€instruments€of€a€testamentary€nature€heretofore€made€by€[him].ðð€€If€the€joint€will€wasÐ X ¨ Ðirrevocable€and€was€not€properly€revoked€before€Ms.€Cookððs€death,€the€testator€was€without€theÐ D!” Ðpower€to€revoke€it€thereafter.€€Accordingly,€we€reverse€so€much€of€the€trial€courtððs€judgment€as€holdsÐ 0"€  Ðto€the€contrary.€€Summary€judgment€is€not€appropriate€on€this€issue.€Ð #l! ÐÌà@  ìàVI.€€òòIn€Terrorem€ClauseóóˆÐ ô$D # ÐÌà  àLastly,€the€defendants€challenge€the€trial€courtððs€judgment€that€the€òòin€terroremóó€clauseÐ Ì&"% Ðcontained€in€the€1997€will€is€not€implicated€by€the€facts€of€this€case.€€That€clause€provides€asÐ ¸'#& Ðfollows:Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÔ‡XIX XnXâ»ÔIn€the€event€that€any€of€the€beneficiaries€of€this€will,€other€than€theÐ |*Ì%) ÐCo„Executors€and€Executrix€hereinbefore€name€[sic],€should€contestÐ h+¸&* Ðsaid€will€or€bring€any€suit€regarding€my€estate,€such€contestant€byÐ T,¤'+ Ðsuch€action€on€his€part€shall€forfeit€all€of€the€property€that€he€or€sheÐ @-(, Ðwould€otherwise€[sic]€under€this€will,€and€the€bequest€or€devisedÐ ° Ðproperty€to€such€beneficiary€shall€be€revoked€and€pass€instead€underÐ œì Ðthe€residuary€clause€hereof.Ô#†nXâ» XXXIç½#ÔЈØ` x` x ÐÌThe€trial€court€found€that€there€were€facts€before€it€reflecting€that€the€plaintiffs€acted€ð ðwith€somewhatÐ `° Ðreasonable€justificationðð€in€contesting€the€1997€will,€and€in€pursuing€their€claim€pertaining€to€theÐ L œ Ðirrevocability€of€the€1992€will.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àForfeiture€clauses€of€this€nature€have€been€upheld€as€consistent€with€public€policy;€however,Ð  ` Ðin€general€terms,€they€are€not€enforceable€if€there€is€ð ðprobable€causeðð€to€contest€a€will€and€the€contestÐ ü L  Ðis€filed€in€good€faith.€€ò òòòTate€v.€Campó óóó,€245€S.W.€839,€842€(Tenn.€1922).€€Given€the€proffered€existenceÐ è 8  Ðof€the€1992€will€and€the€allegations€of€undue€influence€and€lack€of€testamentary€capacity,€we€findÐ Ô$  Ðthat,€based€upon€the€record€now€before€us,€there€is€a€general€issue€of€material€fact€as€to€whether€theÐ À  Ðplaintiffs€had€probable€cause€to€contest€the€will€and€whether€the€contest€is€being€pursued€in€goodÐ ¬ü  Ðfaith.€€Accordingly,€we€agree€with€the€trial€court€that€summary€judgment€is€not€appropriate€on€theÐ ˜è  Ðissue€of€the€òòin€terroremóó€clause.׃m×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×à h àÐ „Ô  ÐÌà@SS"ìàVII.€€òòConclusionóóˆÐ \¬ ÐÌà  àÔ‡XIX XnXâ»ÔWe€affirm€so€much€of€the€trial€courtððs€judgment€as€holds€(1)€that€the€plaintiffs€failed€to€fileÐ 4„ Ða€properly„supported€claim,€with€the€statutorily„mandated€oath,€€for€breach€of€contract€not€to€revokeÐ  p Ðthe€earlier€will;€and€(2)€that€there€is€a€genuine€issue€of€material€fact€regarding€the€enforcement€of€theÐ  \ Ðòòin€terrorem€óóclause€against€the€plaintiffs.€€In€all€other€respects,€we€reverse€the€trial€courtððs€judgment.€Ð øH ÐÔ#†nXâ» XXXIýÅ#ÔIt€results€that€the€plaintiffsðð€claim€for€breach€of€contract€not€to€revoke€the€1992€will€is€herebyÐ ä4 Ðdismissed€with€costs€on€appeal€and€at€the€trial€level€taxed€to€Lisa€Donnelly€Gelfand€and€SandraÐ Ð  ÐDonnelly€Schweitzer.à ¸ à€This€case€is€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€the€collection€of€that€courtððs€costs,Ð ¼  Ðpursuant€to€applicable€law.Ð ¨ø Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à_______________________________Ð l¼ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àCHARLES€D.€SUSANO,€JR.,€JUDGEÐ X ¨ ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  à